2021-2022学年安徽省合肥市经开区八年级（下）期末数学试卷（附答案详解）

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2021-2022
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215.᪥ᦪ<=>?@AB᝞ᡠDḄᦪEFᣚHI.(1)JKᐭM=-2OK-MḄEP(2)JK-"=15OKᐭxḄE./
M/16.@QRV2XV10+V45+17.STHRx2-2x-3=0.18.VWX4-YZᓭ\]32஺Tᔣ`a15bcᑮeBfᯠhZTᔣ`a20bcᑮeCfᨬhZBTᔣ`aA25bcjᑮWX4ᑨlmO4nX஺ḄopVBf-YᑮCqZrBTᔣ`aḄstuᳮᵫ.19.᝞qᵫ+1ḄxT᪀ᡂḄ6x4Ḅ{|}4Bᙳᙠ|}(1)ᙠজ-4BḄxT4c8D,}C}஺ᙳᙠ|}P(2)ᙠঝ-4Bᕜ8Ḅa+4EBF,}E}Fᙳᙠ|}.ঝ

320.᝞ᙠ+4BCDAD//BC,AB=AD,4BADḄᑖ4E8஺}F,BC}E.(1)R+4BEDq;(2)BE=EC,AE=6,BD=8,+EC஺Ḅ☢&.21.᪥ᦟḄ¡᎝“£ᜩ¥”¦§᪥¨©ª«¬20ᦟᜩa®Ḅᦪ¯20Bᦪ°ᢥ²³1000aᑖ²´µ@᦮ᳮ·ᑴA᝞¹º»¼᦮Ḅµ@⊤R²¾ᦪᑖ²⚣ᦪ⚣᳛A5500

422.ËÌÍ᪗Ï10ᐗ/kgḄ#ËÌÑÒ.ÓÔÏ.ÓÔÏḄÕᑖ᳛Öq10%,sj×¹ᑡÙ⚪R(1)pËÌÑÒ.ÓÔÏhḄÏ|qᐗ"gP(2)V7ÛÓÔÏḄ71ᜩQÜ7Ýᜩ஺᦮ᦪ)Ḅ├àáâãäὑæᵨḄèᐵêë᝞¹⊤ᡠDìípËÌḄÏ4.1ᐗ/kg,?├îpËÌ7xᜩ(1<%<10)Ḅᑭð368ᐗxḄE.Oñ/ᜩX├à"g120-2xâãäὑæᵨ/ᐗ3x2—68%+40923.᝞ᙠ4BCDEqBC§}óô4BEZAEᢚöh÷øù4úE,}úᙠABCDᑁüZúCD}G,AB=3,AD=4.(1)᝞1,JNZMG=30஺OBEḄP(2)᝞2,J}EqBCḄ}OýGCḄP(3)᝞3,}Eᙠþ§ÒHJACFEḄᕜᨬOÂÿᑏ
BEḄ.123

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2-4c=0>-16-4c=0,•c=4,ᦑ⌱C.ᵫmᐗ0o/-4%+c=0ᨵqA2rḄsᦪ᪷Hw/=ym47m4c=0,ᓽH".I⚪ὃ'᪷ḄᑨC)⚪ḄᐵSPJKLMmᐗ0o+|+C=0yQ஺0
Ḅ᪷4=b2—4acḄᐵ}.5.ூᫀ௃Dூ᪆௃ᙠQABCD,AD=8,BC=4D=8,AD//BC,CE=BC—BE=8—3=5,^ADE=CED,•DEᑖ•Z.ADE=Z.CDE,•••Z.CDE=CED,.%CD=CE=5=AB,ᦑ⌱D.✌ᐜᵫᙠ/BCO)AD=8,BE=3,"wCEḄ)ᯠ-ᵫDEᑖ4DC,HGCD=CE=5.

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)ᯠ-xlx2ᑭᵨ᦮ØÉᐭḄ0¶DE.I⚪ὃ'(᪷}ᦪḄᐵ}ÚX1)Ü2Pmᐗ0oa/+bx+c=O(aâ0)Ḅq᪷ä)+X=xx-2r29.ூᫀ௃Cூ᪆௃æHè`HMJLAC,᝞í)ᵫ`¶w4஻ᑖNDAC,DH=MH,•••cZABC஺aóZ)•••CD=AB=8,ᙠRt÷9DC)AC=V62+82=10.ᙠRtZMOHRt)(AH=AHiDH=MH'•••RtADH=RtAMH(HL),••AM—AD—6,CM=AC-AM=10-6=4,CH=x,ᑣDH=HM=8-x,ᙠRtZkCHM)(8-x)2+42=/,wx=5,.-.^AHC^^=lCH-AD=|x5X6=15.ᦑ⌱C.æHè`HM14C,᝞í)ᑭᵨýI`íwᑮAHᑖNDAC,ᑣ᪷YᑖþḄឋOwᑮDH=¿ᑭᵨghᳮDE
AC=10,ADH^RtAMH^AM=AD=6,ᡠ8CM=4,CH=x,ÿijDH=HM=8-x,ᙠRtCHMᑭᵨᳮᑮ(8-x)2+42=/,=5,ᯠ#ᑭᵨ$%&☢()*+,AHCḄ☢(.0⚪ὃ3456-705689:;<5=7056>?@⚪ḄᐵB.Cὃ34%DᑖFḄឋHIJ&ḄឋH.10.ூNᫀ௃B

9ூ᪆௃8ᙠRS&ABC஺UAB=3,CD=3DE,0E=8x3=l,CE=3-1=2,3••4DEV/EWᢚYAFE,:.AD=AF,EF=DE=1,Z-AFE=Z,D=90°,•AB=AF—AD,ᙠRtAlBGIRtZkAFG,(AG=AGyAB=AF':.RtABGRtAFG(HL^•BG=FG,ZBG=FG=x,ᑣEG=EF+FG=1+%,CG=3—%,ᙠRtZkCEGUEG2=CG2-^CE2,ᓽ(l+%)2=(3—)2+22,=IU3GF=2ᦑ⌱8B.ᐜ`aDEஹCEḄcUd᪷fgᢚḄឋHh4஺=AF,EF=DE,i4FE=ZD=90°,dᑭᵨ“HL"ABG^RtAFG^,᪷fᐰk$%&WlmnkhBG=FG,dZBG=FG=x,ᯠ#⊤paEGஹCG,ᙠRtzxCEGUᑭᵨᳮᑡaSr`a=|,tuhv`.0⚪ὃ34RS&ḄឋHUgᢚwᣚḄឋHUᐰk$%&ḄᑨzឋHUᳮḄlᵨU᪷fᔜmḄᦪ}ᐵ~ᑭᵨᳮᑡ*`a2G=FGḄc>⚪ḄᐵBUC>0⚪Ḅ.11.ூNᫀ௃X2-2ூ᪆௃8ᵫ⚪h8x+2>0,x>—2ᦑNᫀ>8x>—2.᪷f᪷*ᨵḄᩩᓽh`aNᫀ.0⚪ὃ3᪷*ᨵḄᩩU⚪ḄᐵB>Rᳮ᪷*ᨵḄᩩU0⚪10⚓Uᐳ17⚓

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11ᦑNᫀ82.Åf▢½¾ᑖḄ☢(24cm2,ᑡ¬ᐗSr`Uᓽhᑮ°ÄḄ¿xḄÇ.0⚪⌕ὃ34J&ḄឋHvȬᐗSrḄlᵨUN0⚪ḄᐵB>Éᑮk}ᐵ~,ᑡanlḄ¬ᐗSr.15.ூNᫀ௃2-28ᡈ4ூ᪆௃8পx=-2<3,M=Ì+1=1+1=2,2ᦑNᫀ82·(2)vM=15,...+1=15(<3)ᡈ/¬%+3=15(x>3),X=-28ᡈx=4,ÎᐭḄxḄǬ28ᡈ4,ᦑNᫀ8-28ᡈ4.RᳮᦪÇÐᣚrÑUÒh᪷fÀḄÇ`aM,¸ÓᩭÔ⍝MḄÇUhÖÓ×ØSr`anlḄxḄÇ.0⚪ὃ34Ùᦪ*`ÇURᳮᦪÇÐᣚrÑ>?ÚÛ⚪ḄᐵB.16.ூNᫀ௃8Ü*=2Ý+3Ý+Þ=5Ý+ß_11V5=---.2ூ᪆௃ᐜᓄá᪷*Ud᪷f᪷*âᔠ+,ãᑣᓽhä`.0⚪⌕ὃ3᪷*Ḅâᔠå,U⚪ᐵB>9:;<᪷*ḄᓄávÈឋHḄåᵨ.17.ூNᫀ௃8ÜSrÖÓæ*ᑖhvw&(x-3)(%+1)=0,,—3=0,%4-1=0,***X1=3.%2=-1•ூ᪆௃ᑭᵨæ*ᑖãSrᓽh.0⚪ὃ34æ*ᑖã¬ᐗSrUÖÓçèSr&*WSrᑖæ*>⚪Ḅᐵ12⚓Uᐳ17⚓

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ᐳ17⚓

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à=á
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ᐳ17⚓1

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AB=3,BC=AD=4,■1•AC=5.CF=AC-AF=2,ᙠRMCEF
EF2+CF2=CE2,.■■BE2+CF2=(4-BEy,BE2+22=(4-BE)2,BE=2ூ᪆௃(1)ᐜ¨NB4E=30஺
\ᑭᵨü30஺ḄxedeḄឋ:ᓽ!]E`"(2)ÙÚGE,᪷ÛE@BCḄÛþᢚḄឋ:!BE=EF=EC,ᯠ_ᑭᵨ“HL”AGFEAGCEᐰ᪷ᐰᓽFG=CG,GC=x,⊤4GஹDG,ᯠ#ᙠRtAADG(ᑭᵨ+,-ᳮᑡ01234ᓽ5;(3)ᐜᑨ<EFJ.AC?ACEFḄᕜBᨬDᨬ#ᵨ+,-ᳮᓽEF.G⚪IJKᔠ⚪M⌕ὃPQRḄឋTᢚVḄឋTᐰḄᑨ-ឋT+,-ᳮ5(1)ḄᐵYIZ4B4E=30°,5(2)(3)ḄᐵYI᪀⌼aᑭᵨ+,-ᳮ5bc⚪.