海洋基础知识

海洋基础知识

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时间:2023-03-29

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2.Ạᐸᵨ2.12.1.1ᭆ2.1.1.1Ḅᑖ⚪ḄᔣA.ᢣᩭᔣB.ᢣᩭᔣᢣᔣC.ᢣᔣD.ᢣᔣᢣᩭᔣὃ"ᫀB⚪$ḄᔣA.ᢣᩭᔣB.$ᢣᩭᔣᢣᔣC.ᢣᔣD.$ᢣᔣᢣᩭᔣὃ"ᫀB⚪%ᔣᔣA.ᢣᩭᔣB.%ᔣᢣᩭᔣᢣᔣC.ᢣᔣD.%ᔣᢣᔣᢣᩭᔣὃ"ᫀC⚪⊤'ᜧ)*+ᡂḄ-⌕/0A.12B.345C.ᜧ16D.17⌕8ᑖ9:ᙳᒴὃ"ᫀC⚪Ḅ-⌕ᡂ0A.3Ḅ=>B.145C.ᙢᳫABᨴDḄEFD.345ὃ"ᫀA⚪ᵫHᜧJKLᡠENḄOPᔣQRSTḄUV:A.XB.Y>C.Z

1D.[ὃ"ᫀA⚪ᵫ\☢ḄᑗFஹᙢ`aᔣFஹbc᥅eFfᑮh⊝j+ᡂḄT:A.⊡lB.ᙢ`C.D.[ὃ"ᫀC⚪m3Ḅ3h2FY>Aᙢ`aᔣFh⊝j+ᡂḄTnA.⊡lB.ᙢ`C.D.[ὃ"ᫀB⚪oᑡqrḄstA.\wnᨵOyzB.S{Ḅ\ᜩ11᎛ᨵ~℉yzC.Ḅ+ᡂAஹᨨḄᑖ9ᐵD.:nnὃ"ᫀA⚪ᨬ-⌕ḄA.B.ᙢ`C.⊡lD.[ὃ"ᫀA⚪oᑡqrḄstA.⊡lᨵ3hᔣḄB.⊡lᨵᚖᔣḄC.ᓣḄ4D.ᓣḄ4ὃ"ᫀC⚪oᑡqrḄstA.⊡lᨵ3hᔣḄB.⊡lᨵᚖᔣḄC.⊡lᨵ3hᔣḄᨵᚖᔣḄD.ᓣḄ4ὃ"ᫀC

2⚪ᙢ`UY>ᑖVA.=>B.⊡l[C.ZD.ᔣ¡ὃ"ᫀA⚪ᵫH:ᙳᒴ᜜2£¤ᵨoENḄ¥2☢¦§ZḄY>UVA.=>B.C.⊡lD.᜜2ὃ"ᫀB⚪ᵫH3=>ᑖ9:ᙳᒴ¦EN¥2☢¦§ZḄY>UVA.B.=>C.⊡lD.[ὃ"ᫀB⚪ᙠᓅªᳫ«=>¦¬=>Ḅ43®ᙠ—,=>ᜧḄ43®ᙠOA.±²B.²±C.³´D.´³ὃ"ᫀA⚪ᙠᓭªᳫ«=>¦¬=>Ḅ43®ᙠ—=>ᜧḄ43®ᙠO஺A.±²B.²±C.³´D.´³ὃ"ᫀB⚪ᙠᓅªᳫ«¦¬±¶¥2☢☢—²¶¥2☢☢—஺A.B.C.I¸¹ºD.,ὃ"ᫀB⚪ᙠᓭªᳫ«¦¬±¶¥2☢☢—²¶¥2☢☢—஺A.,

3B.,C.D.ὃ"ᫀD⚪oᑡqrḄstA.ᙠᜧ[ḄÁÂ᩽-⌕ὃ⇋B.ᙠᜧ[:ÅᶍC.ᙠÇ[ḄÁÂ᩽-⌕ὃ⇋D.ᙠÇ[ḄÁÂ᩽-⌕ὃ⇋=>ὃ"ᫀA⚪oᑡqrḄstA.ᙠÇ[ḄÁÂ᩽-⌕ὃ⇋Y>B.ᙠÇ[ḄÁÂ:ÅÈᨵÉᜧḄ[C.ᙠᜧ[ḄÁÂ:ÅÈᨵÉᜧḄ[D.ᙠᜧᓃ[ḄÁÂ᩽-⌕ὃ⇋=>ὃ"ᫀB2.1.1.2⊤'ᡂ0ᱯÎ⚪ᙠᓅªᳫ⊤'ḄᔣaHᔣÏA.±Ð45஺B.²Ð45஺C.±Ð28஺D.²Ð28஺ὃ"ᫀA⚪ᙠᓭªᳫ⊤'ḄᔣaHᔣÏA.±Ð45஺B.²Ð45஺C.±Ð28஺D.²Ð28஺ὃ"ᫀB⚪ᙠÔ¡ḄÔÕḄ⊤'ᔣA.AᔣÖᔣB.ᙠᓅªᳫaHḄᔣ±×45஺C.AᔣØᔣD.ᙠᓅªᳫaHḄᩭᔣ±×45஺ὃ"ᫀB⚪⊤'ḄᔣIjᔣḄᐵ)VA.ᓭᓅªᳫᙳaᔣᔣϱÐ45஺B.ᓭᓅªᳫᙳaᔣᔣϲÐ45°

4C.ᓅªᳫaᔣᔣϱÐ45஺ᓭªᳫaᔣᔣϲÐ45஺D.ᓅªᳫaᔣᔣϲÐ45஺ᓭªᳫaᔣᔣϱÐ45஺ὃ"ᫀC⚪ᓅªᳫ▲ÜÕḄᔣQḼÜ>ḄÞß᝞áâᓄ?A.ᔣᔣ±a`QâᜧB.ᔣᔣ²a`QâᜧC.ᔣᔣ±a`QâD.ᔣᔣ²a`Qâὃ"ᫀC⚪ᑖV:A.Zᙢ`B.ᙢ`⊡lC..ᙢ`D.Zὃ"ᫀD⚪⊤'ḄᜧA.A☢QᡂqRB.A☢QᡂÖRC.Aå>ḄqæᡂÖRD.Aå>Ḅqæh᪷ᡂqRὃ"ᫀA⚪⊤'ḄᜧA.A☢QᡂÖRB.A☢QḄhᡂqRC.Aå>ḄqæᡂÖRD.Aå>Ḅqæh᪷ᡂÖRὃ"ᫀD⚪èÜ☢ᔣVNEᑣ⊤'ḄᔣV:A.ᙠᓅªᳫVᓭஹᙠᓭªᳫVêB.ᙠᓅªᳫVêஹᙠᓭªᳫVᓭC.ᙠᓅªᳫVëஹᙠᓭªᳫVᓅD.ᙠᓅªᳫVᓅஹᙠᓭªᳫVëὃ"ᫀB⚪èÜ☢ᔣVSEᑣ⊤'ḄᔣV:A.ᙠᓅªᳫVᓭஹᙠᓭªᳫVêB.ᙠᓅªᳫVêஹᙠᓭªᳫVᓅC.ᙠᓅªᳫVᓭஹᙠᓭªᳫVëD.ᙠᓅªᳫVᓅஹᙠᓭªᳫVê

5ὃ"ᫀD⚪èÜ☢ᔣVNWᑣ⊤'ḄᔣV:A.ᙠᓅªᳫVᓭஹᙠᓭªᳫVëB.ᙠᓅªᳫVêஹᙠᓭªᳫVᓅC.ᙠᓅªᳫVëஹᙠᓭªᳫVᓭD.ᙠᓅªᳫVᓅஹᙠᓭªᳫVêὃ"ᫀA⚪èÜ☢ᔣVSWᑣ⊤'ḄᔣV:A.ᙠᓅªᳫVᓭஹᙠᓭªᳫVêB.ᙠᓅªᳫVëஹᙠᓭªᳫVᓅC.ᙠᓅªᳫVᓅஹᙠᓭªᳫVëD.ᙠᓅªᳫVêஹᙠᓭªᳫVᓭὃ"ᫀB⚪ᙠÇì3®Õ⊤'ḄᔣAᔣA.íîᚖB.ïîOðC.ïîñÖD.:ὃ"ᫀB2.1.1.3ᨨḄ⚪òᨨḄUVA.ᨨB.C.ÕឋD.⊡lὃ"ᫀB⚪òḄUVA.ÕឋB.C.ᨨD.⊡lὃ"ᫀC⚪oᑡstqrḄA.ᢣ34ḄUôB.ᢣ34Hõᡠò®34ḄC.ᢣᵫ3Üᜐᔣ⊤'ḄD.ᢣᵫ3⊤'ᔣÜᜐḄὃ"ᫀB

6⚪oᑡstqrḄA.ᨨᢣ34Hõᡠò®34ḄB.ᨨᢣ34ḄC.ᨨᢣᵫ3Üᜐᔣ⊤'ḄD.ᨨᢣᵫ3⊤'ᔣÜᜐḄὃ"ᫀA⚪oᑡstqrḄA.ᢣ34ḄUôB.ᨨᢣ34ḄC.Õឋᢣ34Aõᡠò®34÷•ðḄD.ᢣᵫ3Üᜐᔣ⊤'Ḅὃ"ᫀC⚪ùåᔣåḄOúVA.ÕឋB.C.âឋD.ᨨὃ"ᫀD⚪ùåᔣåḄOúVA.B.ÕឋC.âឋD.ᨨὃ"ᫀA⚪û⍝⌮þHA.ᨨB.C.ÕឋD.âឋὃ"ᫀC2.1.2ÿ⊤2.1.2.1ᐰᳫᜧ⚪ᓅḄ⌕⊤A.┐⌮┐B.⌮┐┐C.┐┐D.⌮┐⌮┐"ὃ$ᫀA

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9D.ᔣ2ᓅ7"ὃ$ᫀB⚪^ᙠ_`:ᨨ`bPḄᜧ/:A.ᓭᓺஹᓅᜧ&B.ᓅᓺஹᓅC.ᓭஹᓭᓺD.ᓅஹᓅᜧ&"ὃ$ᫀD⚪Mᑡd]RḄᜧ/:A.ᓭᓺB.ᓅᓺC.ᓭD.ᓅ"ὃ$ᫀB⚪ᓅᜧ&:^ᙠḼbP/:A.Ḅ┐,Ḅ⌮┐B.Ḅ⌮┐,Ḅ┐C.Ḅ┐,Ḅ┐D.Ḅ⌮┐,Ḅ⌮┐"ὃ$ᫀA⚪fgᜧhiᓭ3ᳫ,ஹ☢kḄ:A.⌮┐lᔣᜧᙌB.RᙌC.┐lᔣᜧᙌD.⌮┐lᔣnᙌ"ὃ$ᫀA⚪᪷gpᜧhiᓅ3ᳫ,ஹqᕈA.┐,sᨨ`B.┐,s_`C.⌮┐,s_`D.⌮┐,sᨨ`"ὃ$ᫀA⚪fgpᜧhiᓭ☢k:A.R⁚ឋB.v┐ᜧC.┐ᜧD.v┐n"ὃ$ᫀB

10⚪ᙠᓭ3ᳫ08⍝wᓭ40஺yzḄ{ᜧhi/:A.ᔜᡂ}P┐ᜧB.ᔜᜧ~Ḅ0&ᔣ2C.ᔜᡂ}P⌮┐ᜧD.ᔜᜧ~Ḅ02ᔣ&"ὃ$ᫀC⚪5ᡂpᜧ⊤Ḅ⌕/A.}ᑖIᙳᒴB.ᑖIᙳᒴC.DDD.*+"ὃ$ᫀD⚪5ᡂpᜧ⊤Ḅ⌕/A.ᑖIᙳᒴB.}ᑖIᙳᒴC.▮ᑖID.DD"ὃ$ᫀC⚪5ᡂpᜧ⊤Ḅ⌕/A.ᑖIᙳᒴB.}ᑖIᙳᒴC.DDD.ᙢᔣ"ὃ$ᫀD⚪8⍝⌮Ḅ8⍝}.ᙳᙠA.3°~5°SB.3°5°NC.3°N~3°SD.5°N5°S"ὃ$ᫀB⚪ᓭ8⍝ḄᓅᙠA.8⍝▬B.▬C.4°S▬D.5°N~5°S"ὃ$ᫀB⚪ᓅᓺḄ8⍝⌮ḄR⁚/:A.R

11B.RC.RD.᧡R"ὃ$ᫀA⚪Rᓺ8⍝⌮ᜫ᦮Pᓅᓺ¢ᑮ5°S⊤ᙳ஺A.&B.2C.2ᓅD.&ᓭ"ὃ$ᫀB⚪Mᑡ¤¥Ḅ¦§/A.pkᨬ©ḄᨨᙠᜧḄ2ªB.pkᨬ©Ḅ_ᙠᜧḄ&ªC.ᜧ&=`«ᜧ¬ᜧḄ®:`¯ᔣ°〈D.ᜧ2=`«ᜧ¬ᜧḄ®:`¯ᔣ°〈"ὃ$ᫀC⚪p⌕⊤Ḅ5ᡂ/²³ᐳµᵨḄ·¸஺A.*+ஹᙢᔣஹ▮W5ᑖIB.ᙢஹ¹C.`©¹ஹ`ᙢᔣD.º☢Ḅᑗ¼ஹᙢᔣஹ½¾᥅À"ὃ$ᫀA2.1.2.2pᜧᑖIᭆÂ⚪ED/A.ᨨB._C.,ឋD.Ãឋ"ὃ$ᫀB⚪pkᨬ©ᜧḄᨨ/A.CDB.F&GHC.Ä&D.2Å"ὃ$ᫀB⚪ᜧ&ᨬ©ᜧḄ_/A.@I@JB.BᑭXYZ

12C.CDD.ED"ὃ$ᫀA⚪ᜧ&,ᨬ©ᜧḄᨨA.CDB.EDC.ᓅD.F&GH"ὃ$ᫀD⚪,ᨬ©ᜧḄᨨA.CDB.2ÅC.ᓅ8⍝D.BᑭXYZ"ὃ$ᫀA⚪ED:CDḄÆᔠᜐᙠA.ᓟÊËÊᓭªB.ᳱᳫËÊ2ªC.ÍᜱËÊ}D.ᓅ⍝2ᓭᜧ40⚗}"ὃ$ᫀD⚪ᓅ2W,Ḅ/:A.8⍝⌮B.BᑭXYZC.ᓅD.CD"ὃ$ᫀB⚪pkᨬ©ᜧḄbPÐ/A.@I@JஹEDB.F&GHஹCDC.ᓅᜧ&ஹᓅD.ᓅ8⍝ஹᓭ8⍝"ὃ$ᫀA⚪pkᨬ©ᜧḄbPᨨ/A.@I@JஹEDB.F&GHஹCDC.ᓅᜧ&ஹᓅD.ᓅ8⍝ஹᓭ8⍝

13"ὃ$ᫀB⚪pkᨬ©ᜧḄbP,ឋ/A.@I@JஹEDB.F&GHஹCDC.ᓅᜧ&ஹᓅD.ᓅ8⍝ஹᓭ8⍝"ὃ$ᫀD⚪MᑡOÑsÒ_UA.ᓅB.?@ABC.BᑭXYZD.ᓅ8⍝"ὃ$ᫀC⚪MᑡOÑsÒÓUA.@I@JB.BKᑭC.2ÔÕᐲD.×Í"ὃ$ᫀD⚪MᑡsÒᨨḄ/A.XØᐲB.ÙÚC.&ÅD.ÛÜBAB"ὃ$ᫀD⚪ᙢ,ᐸÞḄᨵàUA.sÒRB.á05ᡂ}P⌮┐C.02ᔣ&D.á05ᡂ}P┐"ὃ$ᫀB⚪?@â:ãB@HḄA.R┐RR⌮┐RB.Rᙳ┐RC.R⌮┐RR┐RD.Rᙳ⌮┐R"ὃ$ᫀC⚪ᙠkᓣḄå}æ¬çè

14A.B.C.éD.ê"ὃ$ᫀB⚪ëÛì«ᨬᜧḄzA.13ᨴB.4~6ᨴC.7~9ᨴD.1012ᨴ"ὃ$ᫀC⚪RᓅᓺROÑ᪀ᡂ}P┐lᔣḄ?A.ᓅ8⍝B.8⍝⌮C.ᓭ8⍝D.ð{ὅ;┯"ὃ$ᫀC⚪ᙠOPR⁚OPqḄ8⍝⌮ᜫUA.RB.Rᜧ&C.RᓺD.Rᓺ"ὃ$ᫀD⚪ᙠR?@âãB@HḄA.óôRB.õôRC.ö÷iRD.&ᔣR"ὃ$ᫀD⚪ᙢ,:CḄøùA.0&ᔣ27B.02ᔣ&7C.⌮┐lᔣ7D.┐lᔣ7"ὃ$ᫀC⚪ᙢ,Ḅøùk/A.úû2üû&B.úû&üû2

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16D.IkV,VIὃ"ᫀD⚪%6ᑡfgᐹᨵᨨḄឋklI.ᓅ2⍝Yn.Yn.BoYIV.p?qRYV.YVI.ᑭZ[஺A.IஹnஹinஹwஹviB.IஹIIஹIVஹVIC.IN11kIVD.IIஹIVஹVஹVIὃ"ᫀc⚪%6ᑡfgᐹᨵ;ᱯឋlI./{BYn.BSB|Ym.@AYIV.ᑭZ[YV.<ᑭYVI.஺A.IஹIIஹIVஹVஹVIB.IஹIIஹIVஹVIC.IIஹIIIஹIVஹVஹVID.IIஹIVஹVஹVIὃ"ᫀD⚪%FGKᓺfgᙠlI.YII.ᓅᓺḄᓅYIII.ᓅ2⍝YIV.ᓭ2⍝YV.ᓅᓺḄ?ᓭYVI.2⍝⌮஺A.IஹIIIஹIVஹVஹVIB.nஹinஹviC.IIKVஹVID.IkIVஹVஹVIὃ"ᫀC⚪%ᓅᜧ?ḄᨨឋᨵI.p?qRYn.ᓅ2⍝Yni.@AYw.ᓅᜧ?YV.<ᑭVI.BSB|஺A.IஹIIIஹIVB.IஹIIஹIVஹVC.IIஹnஹIVஹVID.IVஹVஹVIὃ"ᫀA2.1.2.38,V⌕ᑖSᭆ⚪%ᨨ/ᕈA.LFK&ᓅ*ᐭB.LFK&ᓭ*ᐭC.LFK&ᓅ*ᐭD.LFK&ᓭ*ᐭὃ"ᫀC⚪%ᙠ6KOᨵ

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18B.C.°ᨨD../ᨨὃ"ᫀC⚪%ᙠᓅ·¸¹8Ḅº»ᑖ1A.®Rᨨஹᨨ¢./ᨨB.®R±ஹᨨ¢./±C.®Rᨨஹᨨ¢°ᨨD.®Rᨨஹᨨ¢°ᨨὃ"ᫀD⚪%6ᑡ¼½Ḅ¾¿1A.ᓭḄ⊤EᐹᨵGJḄឋkB.ᓭḄ⊤EÀVC.ᓭḄ⊤ELGᜧ*ᑖᙢÂSKFGᜧ*ᑖᙢÂND.ᓭḄ⊤ELGᜧ*ᑖᙢÂNEKFGᜧ*ᑖᙢÂSWὃ"ᫀA⚪%6ᑡ¼½Ḅ¾¿1A.ᓭḄ⊤EÀVB.ᓭḄ⊤ELGᜧ*ᑖᙢÂSWKFGᜧ*ᑖᙢÂNEC.ᓭḄ⊤ELGᜧ*ᑖᙢÂSKFGᜧ*ᑖᙢÂND.ᓭḄ⊤ELGᜧ*ᑖᙢÂNEKFGᜧ*ᑖᙢÂSWὃ"ᫀB2.2Ã2.2.1ÄÃᭆÅ2.2.1.1ÄÃ⌕Æ⚪%ÇÈ8U©ªËḄÌÍÎ᛻ÐÆV⌕ᨵA.JஹஹÑஹB.JஹÃஹÑஹC.ஹÃஹஹÑD.JஹÃஹஹÑὃ"ᫀB⚪%ᙠÇÈ6K©ªḄᨬV⌕ÐÆ1A.B.C.ÃD.Ñὃ"ᫀC⚪%°:ᱯḄKᐸÓ▭ËV⌕Õᑴ:

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29B.Ge,ôḄúᔣ4ûC.Ge,ô~ᔣD.Ge,ô}ᔣᡈü\+}ᔣὃᫀD⚪ᐵ+ôᦔöḄẆþ⊤Þ<ᨵᑭ+¦ᜧḄPQ'A.G[,ôḄÿᔣᡈB.ḄᔣᡈC.ḄᔣD.ὃᫀA⚪ᐵᦔ!ḄẆ#⊤%A.Ḅᔣᡈ&'()B.Ḅᔣᡈ&'(*+C.Ḅᔣᡈ&'()D.Ḅᔣᡈ&'(,ᜧὃᫀC⚪ᐵᦔ!ḄẆ#⊤%B.Ḅᔣᡈ&'(*+B.Ḅᔣᡈ&,(,ᜧC.Ḅᔣᡈ&'()D.Ḅᔣᡈ&;(,ᜧὃᫀD⚪012'32-3kn,410-15m/s,ᔣ5ᔣᔣḄ678'ᐸ(:A.)20%-30%;D.*+ὃᫀB⚪ᐵ?@ABCDḄẆ#⊤%'ᨵᑭ(,ᜧḄ67GA.?@H(@B.(5?@AIᐵC.?@H(@D.@H(?@ὃᫀD⚪12⊤%'ᙠKL4ḄᩩN8'?@O@PQ(R,ᜧ:A.1%B.10%C.5%

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31D.Hi/iooo1.61ὃᫀA⚪©ᨵᦔ(qª1ᓫ¬'ᑣᐸ®12(5ᐸªA.771.27B.—1.61C.0.63D.Loo1.94ὃᫀD⚪8ᑡ¶(ᨵᦔ(ᜧI.⚣¹fgḄ(ºII.]ᙳ(IIºIIIIh/.oºIVHLV.Hl/1000!VI.H1/50OA.iஹinஹwஹvஹviB.IஹIIஹMVஹVIC.IILIVஹVஹVID.IIஹIVஹVஹVIὃᫀC2.2.3ÁÂᜧ^Ã⌕ᜧ4Åᐸᡂu⚪\]^ḄÆ`Ç7q=GA.ᓅ\]^ᓭbÉZᨬᜧB.ᓅ\]^ᓅb2ᨴËᨬᜧC.ᓭ\]^ᓅb2ᨴËᨬᜧD.ᓭ\]^ᓭbÉZÌᜧὃᫀB⚪ÉZÅÍ4ូA.ᓅ\]^B.ᓅᜧÏ^C.ᓅᓺÑ^D.ᓅÒᳫḄÏ4ÔὃᫀC⚪ÁÂᜧ^ᜧ⚣᳛ᐰ×ᨬ(ḄeA.LZᓅᜧÏ^Ḅ¦(ØB.ᓭÒᳫÏ4ÔC.ÉZᓅᓺÑ^D.LZᓅ\]^Ḅ¦(ØὃᫀB⚪ᓅ\]^ᨬᜧ4(ḄÅᙠÙᜐA.ÛÜÝabB.¦¡C._`

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