北京市丰台区2021届高三上学期期末考试英语Word版含解析

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丰台区2020～2021学年度高三第一学期期末练习英语试卷考生须知1.答题前，考生务必先将答题卡上的学校、年级、班级、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹签字笔填写清楚，并认真核对条形码上的准考证号、姓名，在答题卡的“条形码粘贴区”贴好条形码。2.本次考试所有答题均在答题卡上完成。选择题必须使用2B铅笔以正确填涂方式将各小题对应选项涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦除干净后再选涂其它选项。非选择题必须使用标准黑色字迹签字笔书写，要求字体工整、字迹清楚。3.请严格按照答题卡上题号在相应答题区内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效，在试卷、草稿纸上答题无效。4.本试卷满分共100分，作答时长90分钟。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。HelpingPawsCraigCookhasaveryspecialservicepartner—atwenty-five-year-oldfemalecapuchinmonkeynamedMinnie.In2012,whenhewasthirtyyearsold,Craigwasinacar___1___thatlefthimaquadriplegic,someonewhosearmsandlegsdon’tworkproperly.Forseveralyears,Craigneededhelpfromotherpeopleforsuchbasicneeds___2___gettingadrinkofwater.ThenMinniecametoCraigthroughtheHelpingHandsOrganization.MinniewasbornatSouthwick’sZooinNewYork.AspartofthespecialHelpingHandsprogram,whileshewasababy,shewasgiventoafoster(寄养)family___3___caredforherandhelpedherlearntolivewithpeople.Shelearnedbasic___4___suchasturningofflightsandfetchingoncommand.Next,Minnie___5___theHelpingHandsMonkeyCollegefortwoyears.Atthecollege,shelearnedtasksthatwouldhelpa(n)___6___person.Theseincludedtakingfoodoutofarefrigerator,turningpagesinabookoneatatime,andpickingupobjectsthathadbeendropped.Itisalong___7___process,butcapuchinmonkeyscanlivetobeforty-fiveyearsold.Sotheycanbe___8___toprovideserviceformanyyears.Craigsaid,“LivingwithMinnieislikelivingwithagoodfriend.Andsinceshe’sbeenwithme,Minnie’slearned___9___moreneatthingstodo,likemakingpopcorninthemicrowave(微波炉).ThankstoMinnie,Icanlive____10____withcaregiversonlycominginforashorttimeeachday.And,whenIgoout,insteadofbeingseen

1astheguyinthewheelchair,I’mnowtheguywiththemonkey.”1.A.accidentB.parkC.saleD.race2.A.upB.asC.forD.to3.A.whenB.whyC.whoD.what4.A.ideasB.skillsC.principlesD.rights5.A.returnedB.visitedC.supportedD.attended6.A.elderlyB.poorC.disabledD.lonely7.A.decision-makingB.trainingC.planningD.risk-taking8.A.basedonB.turnedonC.fedonD.countedon9.A.evenB.onceC.justD.yet10.A.happilyB.energeticallyC.independentlyD.safely【答案】1.A2.B3.C4.B5.D6.C7.B8.D9.A10.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了，25岁雌性卷尾猴Minnie通过相关的训练成为了为残疾人服务的好帮手，帮助CraigCook生活。【1题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：2012年，30岁的Craig遭遇车祸，导致四肢瘫痪，胳膊和腿都不能正常工作。A.accident事故；B.park公园；C.sale销售；D.race赛跑。由本处的“Craigwasinacar___1___thatlefthimaquadriplegic,someonewhosearmsandlegsdon’tworkproperly”可知，Craig肯定是遭遇了车祸（caraccident），才会四肢瘫痪、残疾了。故选A项。【2题详解】考查介词词义辨析。句意：几年来，Craig需要别人的帮助来满足诸如喝水之类的基本需求。A.up上面；B.as像……一样；C.for为了；D.to向、朝。由上文的“basicneeds”和下文的“gettingadrinkofwater”可知，喝水是人类的一种基本需求，所以此处表举例，such…as…（例如……）。故选B项。【3题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：作为“特别援助之手”计划的一部分，当她还是个婴儿时，她被送到了一个寄养家庭，他们照顾她，帮助她学会与人相处。此处是定语从句，先行词是afoster(寄养)family，指人，在从句中作主语，用关系代词who。故选C项。【4题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她学会了关灯、随叫随到等基本技能。A.ideas想法；B.skills技巧；C.principles原则；D.rights权力。由上文语境和下文的“turningofflightsandfetchingoncommand”可知，Minnie

2是一只25岁雌性卷尾猴，也是“特别援助之手”计划的一部分，目的是为了帮助人类，而关灯、随叫随到并不是Minnie本身就会的东西，是需要通过学习才能获得的基本技能。故选B项。【5题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来，Minnie在“帮手猴子学院”上了两年学。A.returned回去；B.visited拜访；C.supported支持；D.attended参加、上学。由下文的“theHelpingHandsMonkeyCollege”和“Atthecollege”可知，Minnie去“帮手猴子学院”是上学的。故选D项。【6题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在大学里，她学会了帮助残疾人的任务。A.elderly上了年纪的；B.poor贫穷的；C.disabled残疾的；D.lonely孤独的。由上文的“ThenMinniecametoCraigthroughtheHelpingHandsOrganization.”和下文语境可知，Minnie通过“援助之手组织”来找Craig帮助他生活，而Craig是一位残疾人，说明Minnie在学校里学的是为了帮助残疾人的任务。故选C项。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是一个漫长的训练过程，但卷尾猴可以活到45岁。A.decision-making决策；B.training训练；C.planning计划制订；D.risk-taking冒险。由上文的“Minnie___5___theHelpingHandsMonkeyCollegefortwoyears”和“Atthecollege,shelearnedtasksthatwouldhelpa(n)___6___person.”可知，Minnie花了两年时间在学校里学帮助残疾人的任务/技能，这是一种训练。故选B项。【8题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，他们可以指望提供多年的服务。A.basedon基于；B.turnedon打开；C.fedon以……为食；D.countedon指望。由上文的“capuchinmonkeyscanlivetobeforty-fiveyearsold”可知，卷尾猴可以活到45岁，寿命很长，不会那么快死去，所以可以指望它们提供多年的服务。故选D项。【9题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：自从和我在一起以后，Minnie甚至学会了更有条理的事情，比如用微波炉做爆米花。A.even甚至；B.once曾经C.just正好；D.yet还。由上文的“turningofflightsandfetchingoncommand”，“takingfoodoutofarefrigerator,turningpagesinabookoneatatime,andpickingupobjectsthathadbeendropped”和下文的“makingpopcorninthemicrowave”可知，Minnie还未到Craig身边前，只会关灯、随叫随到、从冰箱里拿出食物、翻书及捡起掉下来的东西等这些基本技能，而到Craig身边后，Minnie学会了如用微波炉做爆米花此类更有条理的事情，技能从以前的不会/少到会/多，这是一种递进关系，强调Minnie的又一技能。故选A项。【10题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：多亏了Minnie，我可以独立生活，护理人员每天只来很短时间。A.happily快乐地；B.energetically积极地；C.independently独立地；D.safely安全地。由下文的“withcaregiversonly

3cominginforashorttimeeachday”可知，护理人员每天只来很短时间，说明作者不需要护理人员的过多照顾，可以独立生活了。故选C项。第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheBritishmusthavereallyhighstandards.IwaspartofastudentexchangeprogrammebetweenauniversityinEnglandandmyuniversityinChina.Ihadspentdaysin___11___(prepare)formyfirstEnglishpaper.IknewIdidagoodjobandwaslookingforward___12___gettingapositivecomment.WhenIgotthepaperback,Ifoundthatmyteacher___13___(write)thecomment“Notbad!”Notbad?Butthereweren’tany___14___(mistake)inmypaper.【答案】11.preparing12.to13.hadwritten14.mistakes【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章通过自己在英国一所大学的学习经历讲述了英国人有很高的标准。【11题详解】考查动名词。句意：我花了几天时间准备我的第一篇英语论文。固定搭配spend…(in)doingsth.（花……干某事），用动名词（doing）形式作宾语。故填preparing。【12题详解】考查介词。句意：我知道我做得很好，并期待着得到积极的评价。固定搭配lookforwardtodoingsth.（期待干某事），用介词to。故填to。【13题详解】考查时态。句意：当我把试卷拿回来时，我发现我的老师写了一句话：“不错”。此处为宾语从句谓语，主句谓语found是一般过去时，从句谓语动词write发生在主句谓语found之前，即“过去的过去”，时态用过去完成时（haddone）。故填hadwritten。【14题详解】考查名词的数。句意：但我的论文没有任何错误。mistake是可数名词，此处作句子主语，由were可知用其复数形式。故填mistakes。B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1

4个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Thecollegeentranceexaminationisjustaroundthecorner.Homeworkandtestswillkeepmanyofyouuplateatnight,andyoumayplantomakeupforyourlostsleepduringtheweekends.___15___isituseful?AstudypublishedinthejournalCurrentBiologycompletelyhaschanged___16___peopleusedtothink.Itshowsthatthehabitofsleepinginonweekendsdoesn’tfixthedamagedonebyalackofsleepduringtheweek.Even___17___(bad),itmaydamageyourhealth.【答案】15.But/Yet16.what17.worse【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章一项研究表明，周末睡懒觉的习惯并不能弥补一周睡眠不足造成的损害。【15题详解】考查连词。句意：但它有用吗？上文讲“学生考前熬夜，会计划在周末弥补之前睡眠不足”，此处表示质疑，表转折，用but/yet（但是/然而），首字母大写。故填But/Yet。【16题详解】考查宾语从句引导词。句意：发表在《当代生物学》杂志上的一项研究彻底改变了人们过去的想法。动词change后接宾语从句，缺乏引导词，从句中动词think缺乏宾语，指“什么”，用连接代词what。故填what。【17题详解】考查比较级。句意：更糟糕的是，它可能会损害你的健康。even+形容词比较级，构成固定搭配evenworse（更糟的是）。故填worse。C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。TheInternationalDayofFamilies,which___18___(name)bytheUnitedNationsin1993,isheldonMay15theveryyear.Thedaycelebratesthe___19___(important)offamilies.Itaims___20___(develop)people’sunderstandingofissuesthatarerelatedtofamilies.Withadifferentthemeeachyear,thedayisobservedwithawiderangeofeventsthatareorganizedatlocal,nationalandinternationallevels.【答案】18.wasnamed19.importance20.todevelop【解析】

5这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了国际家庭日于1993年由联合国确定，每年的5月15日为国际家庭日。这一天庆祝家庭的重要性。它的目的是促进人们对与家庭有关的问题的理解。每年这一天都有不同的主题，在地方、国家和国际各级组织各种各样的活动来纪念这一天。【18题详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：国际家庭日于1993年由联合国确定，每年的5月15日为国际家庭日。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词TheInternationalDayofFamilies，先行词在从句中作主语，根据后文in1993可知用一般过去时，主语与谓语动词构成被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，谓语动词与先行词保持一致，用单数。故填wasnamed。【19题详解】考查名词。句意：这一天庆祝家庭的重要性。空处作宾语，表示“重要性”应用名词importance，表抽象概念，不可数。故填importance。【20题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：它的目的是促进人们对与家庭有关的问题的理解。结合句意表示“目的是……”短语为aimtodosth.。故填todevelop。第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，38分）第一节阅读理解（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADon’tyouthinkrobotsareapartofyourlife?Infactories,robotsputtogethereverythingfromtoystocars.Somehomeshaverobotsthatsweepfloorsormowthelawn(剪草坪).Andmorerobotsaresoontocome.LikeaHumanRobotsdon’texpectanythanksforalltheworktheydoforus.Afterall,theydon’thavefeelings.ButthatmaybechangingwithNexi,arobotcreatedbyscientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology.Nexicanmoveitsfacetoshowanger,happiness,orsadness.Itcanalsoraiseitseyebrowstoshowsurprise.

624Howwouldyoulikearobottohelpcleanupyourtoys,oronethatplayshide-and-seekwithyou?Naocanbeprogrammedtodoboththoseactivities,andmore.Atwo-foot-tallrobot,NaowasdesignedbyacompanyinFrancetobeahelperandcompanion.Itcantalk,walkandevenrememberfaces,voices,andplaces.Also,itcanbeprogrammedtoassistwithdailytasks,suchascheckinge-mails.RobotsatWorkNeedaliftoutofbed?RIBA,shortfor“RobotforInteractiveBodyAssistance”,willlenditshelpfularms!Somepatientsathospitalsandnursinghomeshaveahardtimegettinginandoutofbed.RIBAcangentlyliftapatientoutofbedandhelphimorherintoawheelchair.Therobotcansafelypickupandcarrypeopleweighing135pounds.WaterBotsRobotsthatworkinwater—andlooklikefamiliarseacreatures—aremakingnewslately.Oneofthemisaroboticfish.Researchersbuilttherobo-fishtoswiminwatertodetectpollution.There’sevenaroboticpenguincalledtheAP,whichusesflippers(鱼鳍)topaddleandcanmoveinalldirections.Expertspredictthatby2025wecouldhaverobotsineveryhousehold!Youmightbelivingorworkingwithoneofthemeveryday!21.Bymovingitsface,Neximightshowits_________.A.feelingsB.powerC.interestD.opinions22.Ifapatientneedsassistanceoutofbed,whichmaybeagoodhelper?A.Nexi.B.AP.C.Nao.D.RIBA.23.Accordingtothepassage,aroboticfishmightbeusedfor_________.A.discoveringfishB.pickinguprubbishC.studyingseacreaturesD.findingoutpollution24Whichsubtitlecanbefilledintheblank?

7A.HouseholdHelpersB.ProgrammeDesignersC.HotelCleanersD.GamePlayers【答案】21.A22.D23.D24.A【解析】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了几款可以应用到日常生活中的机器人。21题详解】细节理解题。根据文章LikeaHuman部分的“Nexicanmoveitsfacetoshowanger,happiness,orsadness.”（Nexi可以移动它的脸来表示愤怒、快乐或悲伤。）可知，通过移动它的脸，Nexi可以表达它的感情。故选A。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据文章RobotsatWork部分的“RIBAcangentlyliftapatientoutofbedandhelphimorherintoawheelchair.”（RIBA可以轻轻地把病人从床上抬起来，帮助他或她坐到轮椅上。）可知，如果病人需要下床的帮助，RIBA可能是一个好帮手。故选D。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据WaterBots部分的“Researchersbuilttherobo-fishtoswiminwatertodetectpollution.”（研究人员制造了这种机器鱼，可以在水中游泳来检测污染。）可知，机器鱼可以用来发现污染。故选D。【24题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章表格第二栏“Howwouldyoulikearobottohelpcleanupyourtoys,oronethatplayshide-and-seekwithyou?”（你想让一个机器人帮你清理玩具，或者和你玩捉迷藏的机器人吗?）可推知，这部分介绍的机器人跟家庭事物有关。A项：HouseholdHelpers（家庭助手）符合题意。故选A。BThePartyofTheirLivesInLosAngeles’sinfamousSkidRow,therearehundredsofchildrenlivingonthestreetsorinshelters.It’saplacewheredreamsgotodie.Butonecoupleisdeterminedtousetheirownexperiencewithlosstofosterasenseofhope.In2013,MaryDavisandherhusbandlosttheirfirstunbornkid.Refusingtolettheheartbreakbreakthem,theybecamevolunteersinaSkidRowhomelessshelter.Theyfoundthatmanyofthekidstherehadneverhadasinglebirthdaypartybefore,sotheydecidedtothrowabirthdaypartyforthosehomelesskids.TheytookoveraroomintheUnionRescueMissionandfilleditwithstreamers,giftsandacake.Thekidsweresoexcitedthattheymadetheirownmusic—singingandclappingand,ofcourse,laughing.Sincethen,thecouplehavethrownapartyeachandeverymonth.Theyroutinelyattract250kidsandtheir

8parents.Anhourbeforeeachparty,volunteersarrivetosetupthedecorationsandactivities:facepainting,balloonartists,aDJ,cake,andpizza.Therearesmallpresentsforthekidscelebratingtheirbirthdays,buttheDavismakesuretherearemorethanenoughtogoaround.“Irememberamomcamewithherkid,”Marysays.“Itwastheirfirstnightattheshelter,andherchildhadabirthday.Wehadanextragiftforher—pinkheadphones.Thelittlegirlwassoexcited.Andhermom...she’scrying.‘Ineverimaginedwewouldeverneedtobeinashelter.Ididn’tknowwhattoexpect.ButIreallydidn’texpectabirthdaypartyformychild.’shecriedwithhappiness.”Doingherbesttonormalizethesekids’livesisbothheartwarmingandbittersweet,Marysays.“Ifyoulookoutside,youseehomelesspersonafterhomelesspersononthestreet,anditremindsyouthatthesekidsdon’tgettoleavethisareaaftertheparty.”Itmaybewhy,afterthrowing88parties,shestillcriesaftereachone.Shecreditsthekidsintheshelterwithhelpingherholdontohope.“Wedidn’trealizehowmuchjoytheyweregoingtobringus,”shetoldCBSNews.“Anditwassohealingforbothkidsandus.”25.InSkidRow,hundredsofkids________.A.werehomelessB.losttheirparentsC.droppedoutofschoolD.werecrazyaboutparties26.Howdidthecouplehelpthekids?A.Theyraisedmuchmoney.B.Theyrentedmanyhouses.C.Theyhostedbirthdayparties.D.Theymadebirthdaypresents.27.Accordingtothepassage,whichcanbestdescribeMary?A.Honestandgenerous.B.Caringandgenerous.C.Outgoingandcaring.D.Outgoingandhonest.28.Whatdoesthestoryintendtotellus?A.Wellbegun,halfdone.B.Eastorwest,homeisbest.C.Whatgoesaroundcomesaround.D.Wherethereislove,thereishope.【答案】25.A26.C27.B28.D【解析】

9这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了一对夫妻在失去自己的孩子后，决定把对自己孩子的爱转移到帮助其他无家可归的孩子身上。通过他们的行为，尽量让这些孩子们感受到爱和希望。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第一段“InLosAngeles’sinfamousSkidRow,therearehundredsofchildrenlivingonthestreetsorinshelters.”可知，在洛杉矶臭名昭著的贫民窟，有数百名儿童流落街头或住在收容所。由此可知，在贫民窟，成百上千的孩子无家可归。故选A项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Theyfoundthatmanyofthekidstherehadneverhadasinglebirthdaypartybefore,sotheydecidedtothrowabirthdaypartyforthosehomelesskids.”可知，他们发现那里的许多孩子以前从来没有过一个生日派对，所以他们决定为那些无家可归的孩子们举办一个生日派对。由此可知，这对夫妻决定通过举办生日派对的方式来帮助这些孩子们。故选C项。【27题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Doingherbesttonormalizethesekids’livesisbothheartwarmingandbittersweet,Marysays.(玛丽说，尽她所能让这些孩子的生活正常化，既温暖又苦乐参半)”和最后一段“Itmaybewhy,afterthrowing88parties,shestillcriesaftereachone.(这也许就是为什么在举办了88场派对之后，她每次都要哭)”可知，Mary是一个乐于助人且慷慨的人。故选B项。【28题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“InLosAngeles’sinfamousSkidRow,therearehundredsofchildrenlivingonthestreetsorinshelters.It’saplacewheredreamsgotodie.Butonecoupleisdeterminedtousetheirownexperiencewithlosstofosterasenseofhope.(在洛杉矶臭名昭著的贫民窟，有数百名儿童流落街头或住在收容所。这是一个梦想破灭的地方。但有一对夫妇决心用他们自己的经历来培养希望)”以及后文这对夫妇的做法介绍可知，这对夫妇通过他们的行为，尽量让这些孩子们感受到爱和希望。由此可知，这个故事意在告诉我们“哪里有爱，哪里就有希望”。故选D项。CWildfireshaverecentlyruinedregionsacrosstheworld,andtheirseverityisincreasing.Hopingtoreduceharm,researchersledbyYapeiWang,achemistatRenminUniversityofChina,saytheyhavedevelopedaninexpensivedevicetodetectsuchfiresearlierandwithlesseffort.Currentdetectionmethodsrelyheavilyonhumanwatchfulness,whichcandelayaneffectiveresponse.Mostwildfiresarereportedbythegeneralpublic,andotherwarningscomefromroutinefootpatrols(巡逻队)andwatchtowerobservers.Passingplanesandsatellitesalsooccasionallyspotsomething,but“thefirefirstappearsontheground,”Wangsays.“Whenyouseethefirefromthesky,itistoolate.”

10Theteamsaysitsnewdevicecanbeplacedneartreetrunks’basesandsendawirelesssignaltoanearbyreceiverifthereisanunusualtemperatureincrease.Thekeyismoltensalts(熔盐)liquids:asuddentemperaturechangecauseselectrons(电子)totravelwithintheliquids,creatingelectricalenergythatcauseselectrodestosendthesignal.Theteamprintedthesubstancesontoordinarypapertocreateasensor.JessicaMcCarty,ageographeratMiamiUniversity,whowasnotinvolvedinthestudy,saysplaceswherewildlandandcitymeetcouldpotentiallybenefitfromsuchadevice.Shesays,“Whenafirebreaksout,thehomeownerwillknowbeforethefireagencymayhavedetectedit.”Butimprovingintegrationamongthedifferentagenciesinvolvedinfirefightingisevenmorevitaltoaddress,saysGrahamKent,aseismologistattheUniversityofNevada,whowasalsonotpartofthestudy.“Thewholewaythatyourespondtoafireuntilit’sputoutislikeaballet,”hesays.“You’dhavetochoreograph(编舞)itjustso,”withresourcesdistributedatpreciselytherighttimeandplacefromdetectiontoconfirmationtodispatch(派遣)toextinguishing.“Firedetectionisjuststepone;ifyoublowstepstwothrough98,allthattechnology...justdoesn’tmatter.”Wangsayshisteam’snextstepsaretoextendthedevice’ssignalrangebeyondthecurrent100meters,whichcanlimitpracticaluse,andtodevelopaprotectivewallforit.Thedevice’seffectiveness,McCartynotes,willalsoneedtobetestedinthefield.29.Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewdevice?A.Itcanspotfirefromthesky.B.Itcansendtimelywarningoffire.C.Itusesmoltensaltstotestthesignal.D.Itreceivessignalsfromtreetrunks’bases.30.AccordingtoGrahamKent,whatisthekeytofirefighting?A.Thetimefordetection.B.Theprovidednewtechnology.C.Preciselydistributedresources.D.Cooperationofdifferentdepartments.31.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.FightingFirewithPaperB.FireIsunderControlC.FightingFireintheForestD.FirefightingIsaMatterofUrgency【答案】29.B30.D31.A

11【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一种新的设备，这个新设备能及时发出火灾警报。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段关键句“Hopingtoreduceharm,researchersledbyYapeiWang,achemistatRenminUniversityofChina,saytheyhavedevelopedaninexpensivedevicetodetectsuchfiresearlierandwithlesseffort.”（中国人民大学化学家王亚培领导的研究人员表示，为了减少火灾的危害，他们开发了一种廉价的设备，可以更早、更省力地探测到此类火灾。）和第三段关键句“Theteamsaysitsnewdevicecanbeplacedneartreetrunks’basesandsendawirelesssignaltoanearbyreceiverifthereisanunusualtemperatureincrease.”（研究小组说，他们的新设备可以放在树干底部附近，如果气温异常升高，会向附近的接收器发送无线信号。）可知，这个新设备可以更早、更省力地探测到火灾，并向接收器发送无线信号。由此可知，这个新设备能及时发出火灾警报。故选B项。【30题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段关键句“Butimprovingintegrationamongthedifferentagenciesinvolvedinfirefightingisevenmorevitaltoaddress,saysGrahamKent,aseismologistattheUniversityofNevada,whowasalsonotpartofthestudy.”（没有参与这项研究的内华达大学的地震学家GrahamKent说，但改善参与灭火工作的不同机构之间的合作更为重要。）可知，GrahamKent认为对于灭火工作，不同部门之间的合作更为重要，由此可知，根据GrahamKent的说法，救火的关键是不同部门的合作。故选D项。【31题详解】主旨大意题。文章主要介绍了一种新设备，能及时发出火灾警报。根据第三段关键句“Thekeyismoltensalts(熔盐)liquids:asuddentemperaturechangecauseselectrons(电子)totravelwithintheliquids,creatingelectricalenergythatcauseselectrodestosendthesignal.Theteamprintedthesubstancesontoordinarypapertocreateasensor.”（关键是熔盐液体：温度的突然变化使电子在液体中运动，产生电能，使电极发出信号。研究小组将这些物质印在普通的纸上，制成传感器。）可知，这种设备中传感器的制作用到的是普通的纸，“FightingFirewithPaper”意为“用纸救火”，能够概括文章内容及这种新设备的特点。故选A项。DHumanshaveahabitofdelayingtheirownprogress.Fromcoffeetorefrigeratortogeneticallychangedfood,historyisfilledwithinnovationsthatcausedresistancebeforetheybecomenecessityineverydaylife.CalestousJuma,aprofessorofHarvardUniversity,exploresthisphenomenoninhislatestbook,InnovationandItsEnemies:WhyPeopleResistNewTechnologies.AmongJuma’sclaimsisthatpeopledonotfearinnovationsimplybecausethetechnologyisnew,butbecauseinnovationoftenmeanslosingapieceoftheiridentityorlifestyle,andseparatingpeoplefromnatureortheirsense

12ofpurpose.Jumaidentifiedinhisresearchthreekeysourcesofoppositiontoinnovation:thosewithcommercialinterestsinexistingproducts,thosewhoidentifywithexistingproducts,andthosewhomightlosepowerasaresultofchange.Thefirstgroupisperhapsthemostobvious.Manyindustrieshavebeenaffectedbyinnovation.Justtakealookatthepointlesseffortsofmusicpublisherstostopthechangetodigitalmusic.Someconsumersmightopposeaninnovationbecausetheexistingproductisdeeplyrootedintheiridentity,cultureorcustoms.TheBritishpreferredteatimeathometosittinginacoffeeshop,forexample.Finally,theriseofnewtechnologiescanalsoresultinachangeredistributingwealthandinfluenceawayfromsomegroups,andtowardothers.Theexpansionofharvestersandothermechanicalequipmentreducedtheneedforfarmlabor,andthechangeinpopulationawayfromruralareashadsignificantpoliticalconsequence.Humansmakedecisionsaboutnewinnovationswiththeirinstinctratherthanevidence.Opponentsandenthusiastsofanewtechnologywilloftenmakeshockingclaimstosupporttheirarguments.Jumasaidbeneaththoseargumentswastypicallyobviousconcernofnewtechnologies,ratherthanareasonedresponse.Jumasaid,“Peopleseeanewproductandthereisanemotionalreactiontothatproductbecauseitchallengestheiroutlookontheworld.Thishasbeenthestorywithalmosteverynewproduct.”Historically,technologistshavebeenmoreconcernedwiththefunctionalityoftheproductstheycreate,payinglessattentiontotheconsequenceitmayhaveonsocietyatlarge,Jumaclaims.Fortunately,thatmaybestartingtochange.32.AccordingtoPara.2and3,whatisthekeyreasonwhypeopleresistinnovation?AThereliabilityoftheexistingtechnologies.B.Thedifficultiesofmasteringnewtechnologies.C.Theconcernoverthedevelopmentoftechnologies.D.Thefearforthechangescausedbynewtechnologies.33.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetopeople’soppositiontoinnovation?A.Uncertain.B.Disapproving.C.Supportive.D.Neutral.34.Whatdoesthepassageimply?A.Technologies’effectonsocietyshouldbevalued.B.Theuseofnewproductsreducestheneedforlabor.C.Enthusiastsofthetechnologiesaremorereasonable.D.Thefunctionalityofnewproductscausesmoreworries.

13【答案】32.D33.B34.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。人类总是习惯于抵制创新，哈佛大学教授CalestousJuma在他的新书《创新及其敌人：人们为什么抵制新技术》中探讨了这一现象，文章介绍了Juma在书中的一些关于人们抵制创新原因的分析，Juma表示，在这些争论的背后，通常是对新技术的担忧，而不是理性的回应。【32题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段“AmongJuma’sclaimsisthatpeopledonotfearinnovationsimplybecausethetechnologyisnew,butbecauseinnovationoftenmeanslosingapieceoftheiridentityorlifestyle,andseparatingpeoplefromnatureortheirsenseofpurpose.(Juma主张之一是，人们并不仅仅因为技术是新的而害怕创新，而是因为创新往往意味着失去他们的一部分身份或生活方式，使人与自然或目标感分离)”以及第三段中“Jumaidentifiedinhisresearchthreekeysourcesofoppositiontoinnovation:thosewithcommercialinterestsinexistingproducts,thosewhoidentifywithexistingproducts,andthosewhomightlosepowerasaresultofchange.(Juma在他的研究中确定了反对创新的三个主要原因：那些在现有产品中拥有商业利益的人，那些认同现有产品的人，以及那些可能因变革而失去权力的人)”可知，人们抵制创新的关键原因是对新技术带来的变化的担忧。故选D。【33题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中“Humanshaveahabitofdelayingtheirownprogress.Fromcoffeetorefrigeratortogeneticallychangedfood,historyisfilledwithinnovationsthatcausedresistancebeforetheybecomenecessityineverydaylife.(人类有拖延自己进步的习惯。从咖啡到冰箱再到转基因食品，历史上充满了创新，它们在成为日常生活的必需品之前引起了阻力)”以及倒数第二段中“Humansmakedecisionsaboutnewinnovationswiththeirinstinctratherthanevidence.(人类对新发明的决策是凭本能而不是凭证据)”可推知，作者对人们反对创新持不赞成态度。故选B。【34题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Historically,technologistshavebeenmoreconcernedwiththefunctionalityoftheproductstheycreate,payinglessattentiontotheconsequenceitmayhaveonsocietyatlarge,Jumaclaims.(Juma声称，从历史上看，技术人员更关注他们创造的产品的功能，而不太关注它可能对整个社会造成的后果)”可推知，这篇文章暗示了应该重视技术对社会的影响。故选A。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Whatisyourrecoveryrate?Howlongdoesittakeyoutorecoverfromactionsandbehaviorsthatupsetyou?

14Minutes?Hours?Days?Weeks?Briefly,thelongerittakesyoutorecover,themoreinfluencethatincidenthasonyouractions,andthelessableyouaretoperformtoyourpersonalbest.___35___Youarewellawarethatyouneedtoexercisetokeepthebodyfitand,nodoubt,acceptthatareasonablemeasureofhealthisthespeedinwhichyourheartandrespiratorysystem(呼吸系统)recoversafterexercise.Likewisethefasteryouletgoofanissuethatupsetsyou,thefasteryoureturntocalm,thehealthieryouwillbe.___36___Theyknowthatthefastertheycanforgetanincidentormissedopportunityandgetonwiththe game,thebettertheirperformance.Similarly,imagineyourselftobeanactorinaplayonthestage.___37___Youhavebeengivenascriptandattheendofeachsentenceisafullstop.Eachtimeyougettotheendofthesentenceyoustartanewone.Althoughthenextsentenceisrelatedtothelastitisnotaffectedbyit.Yourjobistodelivereachsentencetothebestofyourability.So,itisunnecessarytoliveyourlifeinthepast.___38___Thoughtsofthepastshouldn’tbeallowedtoreduceyourpersonalbest.Beingpresentisagatewaytorecoverquickly.___39___Reflectonyourrecoveryrateeachday.Everydaybeforeyougotobed,lookatyourprogress.Whenyouarelyinginbed,youshouldn’tblameyourselfforhavingdonethiswrongornothavingdonethatbetter,butlookatyourdayandnotewhenyoumadeanefforttoplaceafullstopafteranincident.Inthisway,youaretakingcontrolofyourlifeandachievetheaim:reducethetimespentinrecovery.A.You’reundertakingrealchangeshere.B.Remember:Romewasn’tbuiltinaday.C.Herearesomecaseswhereyoucanlearnaboutit.D.Youraimistoplayyourparttothebestofyourability.E.Insteadofthepast,itisthepresentthatyouhavetofocuson.F.Thebestexampleofthisbehaviorisfoundwithprofessionalsportspeople.G.It’ssaidthattheaveragetimeforsportspeopletowinthegameis30minutes.【答案】35.C36.F37.D38.E39.B【解析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了什么是恢复速度、恢复速度快的好处是什么以及如何提高恢复速度。【35题详解】根据上文“Whatisyourrecoveryrate?Howlongdoesittakeyoutorecoverfromactionsandbehaviorsthatupsetyou?(你的恢复率是多少？你需要多长时间才能从令你不安的行为和表现中恢复过来？)”可知，本文讨论的是你需要多长时间才能从令你不安的行为和表现中恢复过来的问题。根据下文“Likewisethefasteryoulet

15goofanissuethatupsetsyou,thefasteryoureturntocalm,thehealthieryouwillbe.(同样地，你越快放下让你烦恼的事情，你就越快恢复平静，你就会越健康。)”可知，下文是对什么是恢复速度的问题的具体解释。C项意为“下面是一些你可以从中了解它的情况。”选项中的it代指上文提到的recoveryrate，且能够引起下文对恢复速度问题的具体解释。故选C。【36题详解】根据下文“Theyknowthatthefastertheycanforgetanincidentormissedopportunityandgetonwiththegame,thebettertheirperformance.(他们知道，越快忘记一件事或一个错过的机会，然后继续比赛，他们的表现就越好。)”可知，本段是以运动员为例，解释恢复速度的问题。F项意为“这种行为最好的例子可以在职业运动员身上体现。”选项中的sportspeople和下文的getonwiththegame相呼应，能够引起下文，说明了对于运动员来说，恢复速度越快，在赛场上的表现越好。故选F。【37题详解】根据上文“Similarly,imagineyourselftobeanactorinaplayonthestage.(相似地，想象你自己是舞台上表演戏剧的演员。)”可知，本段是以演员为例，解释恢复速度的问题。D项意为“你的目标是尽你所能扮演好你的角色。”选项中的playyourpart和上文的anactorinaplay相呼应，能够承接上文，说明了对于演员来说，演好自己的角色和说好每一句台词是重要的，而不要一直纠结于自己之前表演的好坏。故选D。【38题详解】根据上文“So,itisunnecessarytoliveyourlifeinthepast.(所以，没有必要活在过去。)”可知，本段讲述的是我们不应该活在过去。E项意为“你必须关注的是现在，而不是过去。”选项中的thepresent和上文的thepast形成对照关系，告诉我们应该关注现在的生活，而不是一直纠结于过去的问题。故选E。【39题详解】根据下文“Reflectonyourrecoveryrateeachday.Everydaybeforeyougotobed,lookatyourprogress.(每天反思你的恢复速度。每天睡觉前，看看自己的进步。)”可知，本段讲述的是加快我们的恢复速度是需要每天努力的。B项意为“记住：罗马不是一天建成的。”选项中的“罗马不是一天建成的”和下文内容相呼应，告诉我们恢复速度是需要一点点提高的。故选B。第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）第一节阅读表达（共4小题；第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）。阅读下面短文，根据题目要求回答问题。BalancingTreesandCO2Treeplantingusedtoberegardedasaneffectivemeansofreducingclimatechange.Perhapsit’stimeforustorethinkthispractice.TreespullCO2fromtheair.ThiseffectivelyremovesCO2fromtheatmosphere.ButtreesonlyholdontoCO2aslongasthey’realive.Oncetheydie,treesdecay(腐烂)andreleasethatCO2backintothe

16atmosphere.Recentstudieshavefoundthattreesaroundtheworldaregrowingfasterthanever.TheriseofCO2,mainlyduetoburningfossilfuels,isprobablydrivingthatrapidgrowth,saidRoelBrienen,aforestecologistattheUniversityofLeeds,UK.HighlevelsofCO2areincreasingtemperatures,whichinturnspeedstreegrowthinthoseareas,headded.Thefastertreesgrow,thefastertheystorecarbon.Itseemslikegoodnews.However,itisknownthatfast-growingtreespecies,ingeneral,liveshorterlivesthantheirslow-growingrelatives.Inordertoseewhetherthegrowth-lifespantrade-off(生长与寿命之间的权衡)isauniversalphenomenon,Brienenandhiscolleaguesanalyzedover210,000individualtreeringrecordsof110treespeciesfrommorethan79,000sitesworldwide.Theyfoundthat,inalmostallhabitatsandallsites,faster-growingtreespeciesdiedyoungerthanslow-growingspecies,andevenwithinaspecies,thetrade-offbetweengrowthandlifespanheldstrong.Theteamalsocreatedacomputerprogramthatmodeledaforestandtweaked(微量调整)thegrowthofthetreesinthismodel.Earlyon,itshowedthat“theforestcouldholdmorecarbonasthetreesgrewfaster”,Brienenreported.Butafter20years,thesetreesstarteddyingandlosingthisextracarbonagain.“WemustunderstandthattheonlysolutiontobringingdownCO2levelsistostopemitting(排放)itintotheatmosphere,”saidBrienen.40.Whatdoes“thispractice”inPara.1referto?41.Whyaretreesaroundtheworldgrowingfasterthanever?42.Readthefollowingstatement,underlinethefalsepartofitandexplainthereason.ØTheteamhasfoundthatthefastertreesgrow,thefastertheystoreCO2,andthelongerlivestheylive.43.PleasebrieflypresentwhatyoucandoindailylifetoreducetheemissionofCO2.(about40words)【答案】40.Plantingtreestoreduceclimatechange./Treeplantingisusedtoreduceclimatechange./Usingtreeplantingtoreduceclimatechange.41.BecauseoftheriseofCO2fromburningfossilfuels./BecauseoftheriseofCO2./BecauseburningfossilfuelsleadstotheriseofCO2.42.Theteamhasfoundthatthefastertreesgrow,thefastertheystoreCO2,andthelongerlivestheylive.BecauseBerienenandhisteamfoundthatfaster-growingtreespeciesdiedyoungerthanslow-growingspecies./AccordingtoBerienenandhisteam’sresearch,faster-growingtreespeciesdiedyoungerthanslow-growingspecies./Becausefast-growingtreespeciesdiedyoungerthanslow-growingspecies.43.Firstly,I’lltakeareusableclothbagandsaynotoplasticbagswhileshopping,foritcansaveenergyandreducepollution.Secondly,whenIgosomewhere,I’llchoosepublictransportationinsteadofprivatecarstoreducethe

17emissionofCO2.【解析】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了针对全球气候变暖，树已经不能作为可靠解决方法。目前最有效的方法是节能减排，降低二氧化碳的排放。【40题详解】考查词义猜测。由第一段中的“Treeplantingusedtoberegardedasaneffectivemeansofreducingclimatechange.Perhapsit’stimeforustorethinkthispractice.”（植树曾被认为是减少气候变化的有效手段。也许是时候让我们重新思考这种做法了。），可知以前可以通过植树来减少气候变化，thispractice在此处意为“植树来减少气候变化”。故答案为“Plantingtreestoreduceclimatechange./Treeplantingisusedtoreduceclimatechange./Usingtreeplantingtoreduceclimatechange.”。【41题详解】考查细节理解。由第二段中的“TheriseofCO2,mainlyduetoburningfossilfuels,isprobablydrivingthatrapidgrowth,saidRoelBrienen,aforestecologistattheUniversityofLeeds,UK.HighlevelsofCO2areincreasingtemperatures,whichinturnspeedstreegrowthinthoseareas,headded.”（英国利兹大学的森林生态学家RoelBrienen说，二氧化碳的增加，主要是由于化石燃料的燃烧，可能推动了这种快速增长。他补充说，高浓度的二氧化碳导致气温升高，进而加速了这些地区树木的生长。），可知是因为燃烧化石燃料产生的二氧化碳的增加，才使世界各地的树木生长得比以往任何时候都快。故答案为“BecauseoftheriseofCO2fromburningfossilfuels./BecauseoftheriseofCO2./BecauseburningfossilfuelsleadstotheriseofCO2.”。【42题详解】考查细节理解。“Theteamhasfoundthatthefastertreesgrow,thefastertheystoreCO2,andthelongerlivestheylive.”（研究小组发现，树木生长越快，储存二氧化碳的速度就越快，寿命也就越长。）。由第四段中的“Theyfoundthat,inalmostallhabitatsandallsites,faster-growingtreespeciesdiedyoungerthanslow-growingspecies,andevenwithinaspecies,thetrade-offbetweengrowthandlifespanheldstrong.”（他们发现，在几乎所有的栖息地和所有的地点，生长较快的树种比生长较慢的树种死得早，甚至在一个物种内，生长和寿命之间的权衡也很重要。），可知Berienen和他的团队发现生长较快的树种比生长较慢的树种死得早，说明生长较快的树种寿命短，因此“thelongerlivestheylive”（寿命也就越长）错了。故答案为“Theteamhasfoundthatthefastertreesgrow,thefastertheystoreCO2,andthelongerlivestheylive.BecauseBerienenandhisteamfoundthatfaster-growingtreespeciesdiedyoungerthanslow-growingspecies./AccordingtoBerienenandhisteam’sresearch,faster-growingtreespeciesdiedyoungerthanslow-growingspecies./Becausefast-growingtreespeciesdiedyoungerthanslow-growingspecies.”。【43题详解】

18考查开放答题。考生可根据文章大意和自身经历，思考在日常生活中可以做些什么来减少二氧化碳的排放，例如用布袋购物或乘坐公共交通工具来节约能源，减少二氧化碳的排放，在规定字数内言之有理即可。故答案为“Firstly,I’lltakeareusableclothbagandsaynotoplasticbagswhileshopping,foritcansaveenergyandreducepollution.Secondly,whenIgosomewhere,I’llchoosepublictransportationinsteadofprivatecarstoreducetheemissionofCO2.”。第二节应用文写作（共20分）44.假设你是红星中学高三学生李华。你们学校下个月将要举办“图书漂流”（BookCrossing）活动——将自己喜欢的图书放在学校任意公共场所，感兴趣的同学读完后将书放回原处，让其继续漂流。请你给交换生Chris写一封邮件，邀请他参加此次活动，内容包括：1.活动意义；2.具体安排；3.发出邀请。注意：1.词数100左右；2.适当增减细节，使文章连贯；3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。DearChris，____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Yours,LiHua【答案】DearChris,Ican’twaittoshareapieceofgoodnewswithyou.Sinceyou’reanenthusiastaboutreading,IbelieveyouwillbeofgreatinterestinthismeaningfulactivitynamedBookCrossing.BookCrossingisthepracticeofleavingabookinapublicplacetobepickedupandreadbyothers,whothendolikewise.Foronething,theBookCrossingcanmotivateustofurtherdevelopourreadinghabitsandhelptobroadenourhorizons.Foranother,itprovidesagoodchancetomakefriendswithlike-mindedpeople.OurBookCrossingstartsthisMondayandwilllastforaweek.Whenthetimecomes,you’llbesurprisedtofindterrificbooksatanyplacesoncampus.Ofcourse,ifyouarein,youaresupposedtoshareseveralbooksthatarevaluableandbeneficial.Tohelpothersgetageneralknowledgeofyourbook,yourthoughtfulintroductionandhelpfulcommentsarewarmlywelcomed.

19Whatareyouwaitingfor?I’mlookingforwardtoyourparticipationandyouareboundtoloveit.Yours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给交换生Chris写一封邮件，邀请他参加你们学校下个月将要举办的“图书漂流”（BookCrossing）活动。【详解】第一步：审题体裁：应用文时态：根据提示，时态主要为一般现在时和一般将来时，少量现在进行时。结构：总分法总分法指把主题句作为总说，把支持句作为分说，并以这种方式安排所写内容。要求：1.介绍活动意义；2.介绍具体安排;3.发出活动邀请。第二步:列提纲（重点词组）can’twaittodosth.;sharesth.withsb.;pickup;broadenone’shorizons;besurprisedtodosth.;besupposedtodosth.;lookforwardto;beboundtodosth.第三步：连词成句1.Sinceyou’reanenthusiastaboutreading,IbelieveyouwillbeofgreatinterestinthismeaningfulactivitynamedBookCrossing.2.BookCrossingisthepracticeofleavingabookinapublicplacetobepickedupandreadbyothers,whothendolikewise.3.OurBookCrossingstartsthisMondayandwilllastforaweek.4.Ofcourse,ifyouarein,youaresupposedtoshareseveralbooksthatarevaluableandbeneficial.5.I’mlookingforwardtoyourparticipationandyouareboundtoloveit.根据提示及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。第四步：连句成篇（衔接词）1.表并列补充关系：and2.表因果关系：since

20连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰。【点睛】[高分句型1].BookCrossingisthepracticeofleavingabookinapublicplacetobepickedupandreadbyothers,whothendolikewise.（由关系代词who引导非限制性定语从句）[高分句型2].Whenthetimecomes,you’llbesurprisedtofindterrificbooksatanyplacesoncampus.（由when引导的时间状语从句）