2021年高考全国乙卷理综试题（解析版）

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2021
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MNLᡂZ⏚½ஹrfMNḄᓄbcdXA1O3+4(NH4)2SONH4A1(SO)2+4NHt+3HO,ᦑ;ᫀX?24432AI2O3+4(NH)2SO4NHjAl(SO)2+4NH3t+3HO¶442(2)ᵫ⚪ªᐰḄpH«¬pHkX2.0Ḅijᐭrft⁚jpHX11.6pµ✌ᐜஹᯠh{ஹ╅┛Ïᨵᦑ;ᫀX?Fe3\Al3\Mg2+¶(3)ᵫ╅ᐰpjpHX11.1«¬,²ᓄ╅ḄÑXIX10-5Ó(1X10-2.9)2=1x10-10.8,jpHX11.6pjE╅ḄX......-=1X106mol/L,ᦑ;ᫀX?1X10?(1x1024)2(4)ÔᜧjEZ⏚᪷ᨵᑭºÃ»ḄZ⏚┛VᓄXX×ûḄZ⏚┛ᐰØÙTiOSChjEÀᨵZ⏚┛ḄÚNᐭZ⏚ᑮ160࠷⏚¶ᵫᑖ᪆«¬±²ᓄấZ⏚┛¯Z⏚JMNᑣ⏚ḄÜ⌕ᡂᑖX±²ᓄấZ⏚┛ᦑ;ᫀX?Z⏚¶SiChஹCaSO4¶(5)⏚hTiOSCUjᐭf〉ÞÃTiOSChᐰfLᡂTiO-xH2OZ⏚2MNḄcdXTiO2++(x+l)H2C)ATiO2•XHO+2H+,ᦑ;ᫀX:TiC)2++(x+l)H2O^TiCh•xHO+2H+¶22(6)ᵫᑖ᪆«¬Xr|jজXZ⏚½ஹ|jঝXZ⏚|jজ|jঝᔠhᔾᦈrᑮZ

27⏚àj«á¡¢Ãᵨᦑ;ᫀX?(NH4)2SC>4஺27.²ᓄãäåᐹᨵçèḄéêë᪀ᙠÞíஹᩞᧇ⚞ñᨵḼó⌕ḄNᵨôõö¾²ᓄᒑãäᑴᜓ²ᓄãäåḄúûcü᝞
(Vý᝞þᡠ)I.H2sO4ஹNaNO,ஹᙠcᔠᒓ!ᤅ#$ᑖᢇ'᠒)ᐭKMn஺,/012஺H.34535cᤅ#19:'᠒;)<=>Ḅ@A஺ᓣC498࠷GHᢝ19:஺J.3K4ᜧMN☟Pᓾ4RC஺)ᐭᜧ>@AST;)H?஺V4WXYᵫ[⁐]^_`⁐஺IV.bcᑖbde⏚ghij஺V.@Aghij஺VI.Pklmnᑮ_`⁐Ḅpᓄr஺st$ᑡv⚪(1)yz{ᘤaஹcḄ}~ᑖஹ,{ᘤbḄ2______()஺(2)I◤ᑖᢇ'᠒)ᐭKMnO&Gᵨ஺(3)HḄ)ᵨ5ᵨ஺(4)HIHOḄᵨ(b⊤)஺22(5)IVghᔲᡂg¡Yᔲ¢ᙠSOᩭᑨ¦஺Ḅ§஺(6)VᵨpHª«ᩭᑨ¦Cᔲg®ᐸᳮᵫ஺ூtᫀ௃(1).;Y´ᧅ(2).¶⚠M1ব.d(4).º»¼º»½(5).º»C¾¿ÀḄÁÂ5Ã᧕ÅC(6).2MnOÆ+5HO+6H+=2Mn2++8HO+5OTÊ.ËÌ>g2222¡Y;)BaCLÏᨵÑ⁐ijÒᡂ(8).H*ÔCᵯbÖ⊝g¡Y¿Àឋ:Ù^crg®

28ூÛ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃ூÝÛ௃(1)ᵫz{ᘤ᪀⌼àaḄ{ᘤ}~^;Y´ᧅcḄ{ᘤ}~^¶⚠M1Æ{ᘤb^ᳫâPãäåPãsæᵨ^çPãᦔéÃ0Pᓾ⌕ëd2a2¡ᦑtᫀ^ᑖY´ᧅƶ⚠M1;dÆ(2)º»^¼º»^Åᑴº»ï᳛ñòº»ᒓ!◤ᑖᢇ'᠒)ᐭKMnOaGᵨᦑtᫀ^º»¼º»½Æ(3)5óôõᵫ5Ḅõö÷95ÅᑴC¾Ã)ᮣùóúûüýþº»C¾¿ÀḄÁÂᦑᵨSᵨ5ᦑtᫀ^º»C¾¿ÀḄÁÂ5Ã᧕ÅCÆ(4)ᵫ;)H2O2TÿḄᐭḄḄ◀ḄKMnCh,ᑣḄ2MnO!+5HO+6H+=2Mn2++5Ot+8H2O,ᦑ+ᫀ2MnO!+5H2O2+6H+=2Mn2++5C)2t+8H2O!222(5)/012ᑨ456ᔲ8ᡂ:;<5=>2ᔲ?ᙠSO!ᩭᑨ4;<CDᨬFGH56>IBaCLM>NOᨵQRST568ᡂᦑ+ᫀDU5=>IBaCL,OᨵV⁐QRᡂ!(6)XYivᵨ]^⏚56QRXYv56Ḅ^⏚H+`crᵯd⊝5=>fg2ឋijcr5kᦑ+ᫀH+`crᵯd⊝5=>fg2ឋijcr5k஺28.GnᓄỚ(IC1)Gsᓴuvᓄᱥᐹᨵyzᓄឋ`{|}f~ᵨᨵᔠᡂ2ḄỚᓄᑺ஺+ᑡ⚪(1)ᔊỚ2ᑮGs⁐>ᵫឋLiebigjICL┯GsᐗuḄ¢/ᐗu஺ফn⛶⏚⚞(BaPtCk)¨©iªᑖᑖ¬BaJஹPt¯Cl?,376.8࠷id⊝µᦪ=L()xl()4pa2,ᙠGº»ᴻ½¾2ᐭBaPtCL¿ÀÁF:GÂÃ:ᐭỚÄÅ(ᯠFÇÂÃÈÉ)ᙠ376.8࠷,ỚÄÅÊËÌy20.0kPa஺376.8࠷d⊝i<½¾2Ìy32.5kPa,ᑣP©=kPa,2ICl(g)=CL(g)+U(g)Ḅd⊝µᦪK=(ᑡ=ÐÑᓽ)஺(3)McMorris<Õ¯ÐÑᙠ136~180࠷ØᑁᑡḄd⊝µᦪ஺2NO(g)+2ICl(g)Q2NOCl(g)+I(g)K2pl2NOCl(g)^2NO(g)+Cl(g)K2

29ᑮlgKpÜ^¯lgKp2~3ᙳßឋᐵá᝞ãᡠå:çè.!জᵫãN0C1ᑖ¬NO¯C1?ḄAH0(ë“ᜧ”ᡈ"ñ”)ঝ21cl(g)=3(g)+%(g)ḄK=(ᵨKஹJ?⊤å)/ḄAH0(ë“ᜧ”ᡈ“ñpl")ᑏ=õᳮ஺(4)Kistiakowsky÷ẆùNOC1ᐝᓄûᑖ¬ᙠGÕ⚣᳛(v)ᐝḄ᯿ÿ
ᳮNOCl+hv——>NOC1*NOC1+NOCP——>2NO+Cl2ᐸhv⊤ᐝNOC1*⊤NOC1Ḅ᝱஺ᑖImolḄNOC1◤⌕ᔾᦈmolᐝ஺ᵪt100x7.6xl03,"””ூ%ᫀ௃প.*(ᡈBr)(2).24.8(3).-ஹভ.ᜧ1ম.Kp3K(6).ᜧ(24.8x10)-1(7).4T>Tᓽ66ᵫ8lgK(T')-lgK(T)>|lgK(T')-lgK(T)9lgK(T)-lgK(T):Up2p2plplplpl1g[K(T').K(T')]>1g[K(T).K(T)]ᓽk(T)>k(T),;<=>?@>?ᔾA>?ᓽAHᜧ1p2plp2pl,0(8).0.5ூ᪆௃ூᑖ᪆௃

30ூC௃(1)FG⁐IJKL*ᓫN;<┯PQḄᐗST*(ᡈBr);(2)ᵫ⚪Z[376.8Caᴻcdef>?BaPtC16(s)UBaC12(s)+PMs)+2C12(g)ஹCL(g)+L(g)B21cl(g)஺BaPtCk(s)UBaC12(s)+Ptম+2CL(g)Ḅr⊝tᦪKp=l.()xl()4pa2,ᑣr⊝aP2(Cl)=1.0xl04Pa2,r⊝ap(C12)=100Pa,4ᑮ~r⊝aL(g)Ḅᑖ-pkPa,ᑣ25(g)+I(g)U21cl(g)2/(kPa)20.00-cஹ376.8࠷r⊝aLcd32.5kPa,ᑣ0.1+20.0+p=32.5,ᓄ/(kPa)p2pr⊝/(kPa)0.120.0-p2pp=12.4,ᑣr⊝apg=2pkPa=2xl2.4kPa=24.8kPaᑣr⊝ak(g)Ḅᑖ(20.0-p)kPa=7.6kPa=7.6x103Pa,p=24.8kPa=24.8xl03Pa,p(Cl)=0.1kPa=100Pa,;<>?lcl22ICl(g)=Cl(g)+I(g)Ḅr⊝tᦪK=22(24.8x10)(3)জᔠ8-IgKpzᜧᓽKp2ᜧᓣr⊝2NOCl(g)=2NO(g)+C12(g)@ᔣᑣNOC1ᑖNOCl2>?Ḅᜧ10ঝJ.2NO(g)+2ICl(g)U2NOCl(g)+I(g)K2plII.2NOCl(g)U2NO(g)+Cl(g)K2p2I+]^2ICl(g)=C12(g)+l2(g)ᑣ21cl(g)=C12(g)+12(g^K=Kp3Kp2=>?ḄAHᜧ10KᳮP¥᝞4T'ுTᓽ-!-<,ᵫ8TTIgKpz(T)-lgK(T)>|lgK(T')-lgK(T)9lgK(T)-lgK(T')ᑣp2plplplpl1g[K(T).K(T')]>1g[K(T).K(T)],ᓽk(T)>k(T),;<=>?@>?ᔾA>?ᓽAHᜧ1p2plp2pl0(4)I,NOCl+hv——>NOC1*II.NOC1+NOC1*——>2NO+Cl2I+II³>?2NOCl+hv=2NO+Ch,;<2molNOClᑖ◤⌕ᔾᦈImolᐝᑣᑖImolḄNOC1◤⌕ᔾᦈ0.5molᐝ஺29.e·ᙠ¹ºᙢ¼Ḅ½¾ᱥÀ᝞¾ᱥᵬÂᐹᨵᱯÆḄCO2ÇÈÉ஺Ê˾ᱥÌÍÎÏᡭᔾᦈCO?,

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