Adaptive Trip Protection for Distribution Network Based on Fault Indicator Recording Data

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2018ChinaInternationalConferenceonElectricityDistributionTianjin,17-19Sep.2018AdaptiveTrippingforDistributionNetworkBasedonFaultIndicatorRecordingDataZHANGLINlI1,JINXIN2,LILISHENG1,LIANGYONGLIANG2,SUNYONG1,XUEYONGDUAN21.StateGridShandongElectricPowerResearchInstitute,Jinan250003,China;2.CollegeofInformationandControlEngineering,ChinaUniversityofPetroleum(EastChina),Qingdao266580,ShandongProvince,Chinaimprovethefaulthandlinglevelindistributionnetwork[1]–[3].Abstract—Thewave-recordingfaultindicatorswidelyusedinInrecentyears,theresearchongroundingfaultprotectiondistributionnetworkprovidealargeamountofrawdatawhichishasbeendeepened.Thetransientmethodandvoltage-timeusedtojudgetheoperationstateofthedistributionnetwork.Itisfeederautomationhavebeenputintopracticaluse.However,significanttoimprovethehandlinglevelofgroundingfault.themethod,whichcanadaptivelyselectaprotectionstrategyFirstly,Thispaperanalyzestheinvaliddataoftheexistingtransientwave-recordingfaultindicator.Apreprocessingmethodbasedonthecurrentfaultcharacteristicsandlinestatus,isofrecordingdata,basedonthecharacteristicsoftemporalandrelativelyrare[4]–[6].Similartotransmissionlines,automaticspatialdistributionofrecordingstart,wasproposed.Thenthereclosingcanalsobeusedtoeliminatetransientfaultsintrippingadaptabilityindexisproposedwhichincludesthedistributionnetworks[7],butmostofthetransientfaultsintheprobabilityoffaultexpansion,thelossofoutageandtheriskofdistributionnetworkcanself-extinguish.Reference[8]–[9]personalinjury.Thefuzzycomprehensiveevaluationmethodisproposestousethenegativeorzerosequencetransientcurrentadoptedtoevaluatethetrippingadaptabilityofthecurrentfault.Finally,basedontheimportanceofload,anadaptivetriptocompensatethezerosequencevoltage,sothatthezeroprotectionstrategyforsingle-phasegroundingfaultinnon-solidlysequencevoltageprotectionisselective.However,thegroundingnetworkisproposed.protectiondelayisextendedwiththetransitionimpedance,andthehighimpedancefaultsismoreharmfultopersonalsafety.IndexTerms—non-solidlygroundingnetwork;single-phaseTheprotectionshouldbeoperatedassoonaspossibletogroundingfault,faultindicator,fuzzycomprehensiveevaluation,removethefault.Reference[10]proposesthattheresidualadaptivetrippingcurrentcompensationinvertercanbeusedtocompensatethefaultcurrentto0toextinguishthearcatthefaultpointsothatthepersonalelectricshockaccidentcanbeavoided.ThisI.INTRODUCTIONtechnologyrequiresadditionalequipment.NordertoeffectivelyavoidfaultexpansionandreduceIInthispaper,anadaptivetrippingprotectionschemeforpersonalinjuryaccidents,thenewlyrevisedStateGridsingle-phasegroundingfaultsinnon-solidlygrounding"TechnicalGuidelinesforDistributionNetwork"requiresnetworkisproposed.Thefaultisidentifiedbypreprocessingquickjudgmentandisolationforsingle-phasegroundingfaultstherecordeddatauploadedbythefaultindicator.Theninnon-solidlygroundingnetwork.However,thehandlingofconsideringtheprobabilityoffaultexpansion,thelossofgroundingfaultsisrelatedtomanycomplicatedproblemsandoutageandtheriskofpersonalinjury,whenthefaultoccurs,therequiresspecificanalysisofspecificproblem.Wave-recordingadaptabilityofthetrippingisevaluated,andtheoptimalfaultindicatorcansaveanduploadthewaveformsbeforeandprotectionstrategyisadaptivelyselectedaccordingtotheloadaftertheabnormalchangeoflinestate.throughin-depthrequirement.analysisoffaultrecordingdata,theoperationstatusofthedistributionnetworkcanbejudgedreasonablytorealizedtheadaptiveprotectionofgroundingfault.ItcaneffectivelyII.THEPREPROCESSINGOFRECORDEDDATAThecurrentfaultindicatorsfordistributionnetworkusuallyManuscriptreceivedJuly13,2018.ThisworkwassupportedbyNationalNaturalScienceFoundationofChinaNo.51477184.startswithvariablecurrentorelectricfield,whichisconduciveL.ZhangiswiththeStateGridShandongElectricPowerResearchInstitute,torecordingtransientfaults[11]–[12].However,theJinan,SD250000China(e-mail:zhang_linli@163.com).complicatedandchangeableelectromagneticenvironmentinX.Jin,Jr.,ispursuingtheM.S.degreeinElectricalEngineeringinChinaUniversityofPetroleum(EastChina),Qingdao,SD266580China(e-mail:thefieldmaycausetheindicatorstartingbymistake,thusjinxin@s.upc.edu.cn).recordingalotofinvaliddata.FromJanuarytoMay2018,aL.LiiswiththeStateGridShandongElectricPowerResearchInstitute,province'sbigdataplatformreceivedatotalof5151faultJinan,SD250000China(e-mail:lls16@sina.com).CICED2018PaperNo.201805280000045Page1/61659

12018ChinaInternationalConferenceonElectricityDistributionTianjin,17-19Sep.2018indicatorgroundingwarningsignals,and2428falsepositiveInthissubstation,fromTableI,thereare67setsofrecordedsignalswereverified,thefalsealarmratereached47.13%.Fig.datathatarestartedby4faultindicatorswithin5seconds.1showsrecordedwaveformsoftypicalinvalidrecordingdataAmongthe26setsoffaultdata,theWof24setshavemorethanduetotheelectricfielddisturbance.2A2∙s,andthe41setsofnoisydataislessthan2A2∙s.Therefore,500whenW>2,therecordeddataisconsideredasfaultdata.0-500/A5000abcI-500500III.TRIPPINGADAPTABILITYEVALUATIONINDEX0-500100Consideringthehierarchicalandambiguousinfluencesof/A00I-100variousfactorsontheresults,amulti-levelfuzzy200comprehensiveevaluationmethodisusedtoestablishafault-2020severityevaluationmodel.Theevaluationindicatorsareshown/kV0-20inFig.2.ThegoallayerTrippingAdaptabilityXcanbeabc20U0decomposedintothreeitems:ProbabilityoffaultexpansionX1,-200100200300RiskofpersonalinjureX2,LossofoutageX3;theneachitemisTime/msdecomposedintothenextsub-item,andthesub-itemisFig.1.Atypicalinvalidrecordingdatadecomposedintotheindexlayer.Ifthereisnosub-itemlayer,Inordertoobtainaccuratefaultdata,ontheonehand,itcantheitemlayeristheindexlayer.Forexample,theprobabilityofimprovethehardwarestructureoffaultindicatorandimprovefaultexpansioncanbedecomposedintotwosub-itemsX1={X11,itsanti-interferenceability.Ontheotherhand,duetotheareaofX12},inwhichtheInsulationconditionoflineisdecomposedelectromagneticdisturbanceislimited,theinvaliddatacanbeintothreeindexesX11={X111,X112,X113}.clearedaccordingtothetemporalandspatialdistributionoftheGoalItemSub-itemIndexlayerlayerlayerlevelfaultindicatorsrecordingstart.TheremaybeerrorsintheGPStimeserviceofthefaultLineServiceTimeX111indicator,sotherecordingtimestampsuploadedbydifferentInsulationFaultFrequencytowerfaultindicatorsareallowedtoexistforacertaintimeConditionofLineX112X11interval,thatis,therecordingwavessuccessivelystartedwithinProbabilityof5sareconsideredtobethesamegroupoffaultdata.AFaultExpansionFaultDurationX1X113substationhasatotalof17towersequippedwithfaultOvervoltageDegreeindicators,andstatisticsofthe2016recordeddata(somefaultsX12occurredduringtheparalleloperationofthebus).TheresultsareshowninTableI,itcanbeseenthatwhenthenumberofCrowdDensityfaultindicatorsstartedwithin5sreaches5ormore,theX12TrippingRiskofrecordeddataisfaultdata.AdaptabilityPersonalInjuryTABLEXX2IGroundingRECORDEDDATAOFASUBSTATIONIN2016ImpedanceX12NumberoffaultFaultdataindicatorsstartedRecordeddataFaultdataproportionwithin5s14626814.70%LossofOutageX32192840521.01%Fig.2.Atypicalinvalidrecordingdata33119028.94%4672638.81%5-17186186100%A.ProbabilityoffaultexpansionWhenagroundingfaultoccursinnon-solidlygroundingWhenthenumberoffaultindicatorsstartedwithin5sislessnetwork,therisevoltageofthehealthyphasesandthearcthan5,thecurrentenergycanbeusedtoidentifythefaultdata:TovervoltageeasilybreakdowntheweakpointoftheinsulationW=itdt()2(1)kk0oftheline,anddevelopintoainterphaseshortcircuitfault.Where,i(t)isthezero-sequencecurrentofthefaultyline,Tisthetransientprocessduration,andkrepresentsthek-thfaultInsulationconditionoflineindicator,thenthecurrentenergyofthesetofdataisminWk.Undertheinfluenceoflong-termoperatingvoltageandCICED2018PaperNo.201805280000045Page2/61660

22018ChinaInternationalConferenceonElectricityDistributionTianjin,17-19Sep.2018externalenvironment,thereisaslowdeteriorationprocessofandtheprobabilityofanyoneoftheweakpoints:theinsulationofthelines.Astheinsulationleveldecreases,thenPp1(1)(3)numberoftransientfaultsgenerallyincreases.Therefore,Where,nisthenumberofweakpointsofinsulationinthehistoricalfaultinformationcanbeusedtoevaluatethedistributionsystem.insulationstatusofthedistributionnetwork[13]–[15].WhentheU=2.5p.u.,andassumingthatthereare2000weakAccordingtothehistoricalfaultinformation,theinsulationpointsinthesystem,theprobabilityofbreakdownofanyconditionofthecorrespondinglineisevaluated,andtheinsulationweakpointcanbeashighas30%.Therefore,theinsulationparameterofthelinewiththeworstinsulationovervoltagedegreecanbeusedasanimportantindexoftheconditionistheinsulationparameterofthewholeline.probabilityoffaultexpansion.a)Lineservicetime.Fornormaloperationlines,astheservicetimeincreases,theinsulationdegradationincreasesandthefaultrateincreases.B.Riskofpersonalinjuryb)Faultfrequency.Inastatisticalperiod,thehighertheU0ZL0frequencyoftransientfaults,thegreatertheextenttowhichthelineinsulationleveldrops.3Rc)Faultduration.Inastatisticalperiod,thelongerthefZdurationofthetransientfault,thelongerthearcburns,andtheS0Ugreaterdamagefromthearcenergytothelineinsulation.K0OvervoltagedegreeFig.4.Zero-sequencecircuitofsingle-phasegroundingfaultTaketheinsulatorflashasanexample.AccordingtorelevantHighimpedancefaultsduetowirefallingtothegroundexperiments,therelationshipbetweentheflashoverprobabilitycausedbylightningorgalearelikelytocauseseriousharmtoρofthedirtyinsulatorandtheappliedvoltagevalueUcanbepedestrians,soitisimperativetoquicklyidentifyandremove.expressedbyafunctionofarandomnormaldistribution[16]–Thezero-sequencenetworkofsingle-phase-to-groundfaultis[17]:showninFig.4,whereUK0isthevirtualvoltagesourceatthe2()UU50%1U2faultpoint,ZL0isthezero-sequenceimpedanceoffaultline,Rfpe2dU(2)2isthetransitionimpedance,Uisthezero-sequencevoltageof0Where,U50%isthe50%breakdownvoltageoftheexternalthebus,andZS0isthezero-sequenceimpedanceofthesystem.insulation,andσindicatesthesteepnesscoefficientoftheForahighimpedancefaults,thezero-sequencevoltageisnearactioncurve,whichisgenerally5%U50%or8%U50%.WhenthetoratedphasevoltageUmignoringtheeffectofZL0,soU0couldU50%oftheinsulationweakpointisequals3.5p.u.,andσisbecalculatedby:8%U50%,therelationshipbetweentheinsulationbreakdownZUU=S0(3)probabilityandtheappliedvoltagevalueisshowninFig.3.0mZR+3S0f1.00.0004Thesteady-statezero-sequencecurrentofthefaultylineis:0.00033U0.83Im(4)00.0002|ZRS03f|0.0001Foradistributionnetworkwithmultiplefeeders,the0.62.12.22.32.42.52.62.7zero-sequencefaultcurrentisneartothegroundingcurrentof0.5thefaultpoint,andwhenRf=0,theZS0couldbeobtained:0.43UmZS0(5)FlashoverprobabilityI0.2f.metalWhere,If.metalisthegroundingcurrentofthefaultylineinthe0caseofmetallicgroundingfault.Inisolatedneutralsystem,2.02.53.03.54.04.5groundingcurrentisequaltothesystemcapacitivecurrent.InActionvoltage/p.uresonancegroundingsystem,thegroundingcurrentdependsonFig.3.Relationshipbetweenflashoverprobabilityofweakpointandactionthecompensationdegreeofthearcsuppressioncoil,whichvoltagevaluecouldbeobtainedbythezero-sequencecurrentofmetallicWhentheovervoltagevalueis2.5p.u.,thebreakdowngroundingfaultorartificialtest.Therefore,themagnitudeofprobabilityoftheinsulationweakpointis0.02%.However,itisthegroundingresistancecanbeapproximatedbythemagnitudeonlytheprobabilityofasingleweakpointofinsulation.Theofthezero-sequencevoltage.distributionsystemmayhaveseveralweakpointsofinsulation,CICED2018PaperNo.201805280000045Page3/61661

32018ChinaInternationalConferenceonElectricityDistributionTianjin,17-19Sep.2018Inaddition,groundingfaultsoccurinareaswithhighcases:“low”and“high”,V={,}vv.12populationdensityandaremorelikelytocauseelectricshockc)Singlefactorfuzzy.Thei-thindexuiunderacertainaccidents.Thedensityofpedestrianflowinthefaultareacansub-itemisusedtoevaluatethetrippingadaptability.Thebeestimatedbyheatmapofpeople'scurrentdensityindifferentmembershipdegreeofuitothestatevjintheevaluationsetisrijregionsovertime.(j=1,2),thenthemembershipdegreesetRi={ri1,ri2}canbeusedtoexpresstheresultevaluatedbytheindexui.So,alltheC.Lossofoutageindexesunderthissub-itemconstituteitsfuzzyevaluationTrippingimmediatelywhenagroundingfaultoccurswillmatrix.Forexample,theevaluationmatrixofthelineinsulationinevitablyleadtopowerfailureloss,especiallyforthelinewithconditionX11is:Rrrnosegmentationswitchwithisolationfunction.X1111112(8)Theindirectestimationmethodisusedtocalculatetheuser'sRXX11==R112r21r22poweroutageloss,thatis,electricityisusedasaproductionRrrX3132113inputfactor,andtheeconomicoutputbroughtaboutbytheInthesameway,throughthefuzzyevaluationoftheindexapproximateestimationoftheeconomicindicatorsofthelayer,theevaluationmatrixRk×2oftheupperlayer(sub-itempoweroutageusersisutilized,sothelossofoutagecanbelevel)canbeobtained(kisthenumberofitemsintheobtained:sub-projectlayer),andfinallythefuzzyevaluationmatrixRl×4LSPt()(6)ofitemlayercanbeobtainedbytheevaluationofthesub-itemWhere,Sisthecoverageareaoftheoutagesection;λisthelayer(listhenumberofitemsintheitemlayer).Forexample,plannedloaddensityofthepowersupplyareawherethesectiontheevaluationmatrixoftheprobabilityoffaultexpansion:islocated;P(t)istheoutagelossfunctionperunitareaintheRXwwpowersupplyareawheretheoutagelinesarelocated,itcanR==111112(9)X1Rwwmakearoughestimatebasedontheloadlevel,ordivideX122122differentareasaccordingtotheusertype,establishthelossTherefore,thefinalsyntheticdecisionmodelis:functionofeachpartition,thencalculateaccordingtotheBAR=(10)proportionofthetotalpoweroutagearea[18].Where,A{,aa,,a}istheweightvector;isthefuzzy12mInaddition,thereliabilityofthefaultlineselectionandfaultoperator,choosestheweightedaveragemodelM(,).locationmethodusedforthegroundingfaultsprotectionneedsItiseasytofindoutfromtheprocessofestablishingthetobeconsidered,andthelossofpoweroutagewillbegreatlyfuzzyevaluationmodelthatthemembershipdegreeofeachincreasedonceamisjudgmentoccurs.evaluationindexandthedeterminationofthefactorweightareForexample,thelocationmethodbasedontransientcurrentthekeytotheevaluation.similarityrelationshipdeterminesthewaveformpolaritybycalculatingthecorrelationcoefficientρ,ρ>0meansthesamepolarity,ρ<0meanstheoppositepolarity.Whenρiscloseto0,A.Determinationofmembershipfunctiontheresultwillbemoresignificantduetoerrorssuchastransformeraccuracyorsampling,sothereliabilityoftheresultLowHighcanbeexpressedby|ρ|,thefinallossofoutagecanbeobtained:1L||L+(1||)L(7)Where,L'andL''aretrippingpowerfailurelossesofpositiveandnegativefaultlineselectionorfaultlocation,respectively.membershipdegreeIV.TRIPPINGADAPTABILITYASSESSMENTBASEDONFUZZY0acbdTrippingadaptabilityTHEORYFig.5.Semi-trapezoidalfuzzydistributionfunctionThefuzzycomprehensiveevaluationmethodisusedtoTheaboveevaluationindexesarenormalized,andthefuzzyevaluatethetrippingadaptabilityofthecurrentfault,whichdistributionfunctionmethodisadopted.Thedistributionincludesthreeelements.functionofthesemi-trapezoidalfunctionisselectedtoestablisha)Factorset.Thecollectionofvariousevaluationindicators,themembershipfunctioncorrespondingtothedifferenttripasshowninFig.1,U={,uu,,u}.adaptabilityofeachindex,asshowninFig.5.Forexample,for12mthelineservicetime,themembershipfunctions()xb)Evaluationset.DividethetrippingadaptabilityintotwoviCICED2018PaperNo.201805280000045Page4/61662

42018ChinaInternationalConferenceonElectricityDistributionTianjin,17-19Sep.2018correspondingtothecomments{,}vvcanbeobtainedas:allowableoutagetime.ThespecificprocessisshowninFig.6:12Step1:Obtainrecordeddata;1x0.2(11)Step2:Identifydisturbancesandfault;()=1.252.5xx0.2x0.6v1Step3:Whenafaultoccurs,faultlineselectionandfault0x0.6locationisperformed,andatrippingadaptiveevaluationindex0x0.4isextracted;(12)()=2.5xx10.4x0.8v2Step4:Evaluationoftrippingadaptability;1x0.8Step5:JudgingwhethertotripordelaytrippingbasedontheWhere,xisthenormalizedlineservicetime.evaluationresultandtheimportanceoftheload.StartB.DeterminationofweightFaultdataAftertheestablishmentoftheindexsystem,theGetdatacorrespondingweightsshouldbegivenaccordingtothetimestampLineselectionandpositioningrelativeimportancebetweenthelevelsandtheindexes.TheAnalyticHierarchyProcess(AHP)combinesqualitativeDeterminestartObtainevaluationanalysiswithquantitativeanalysistoclassifyvariousindexesinnumberin5sindexesacomplexsystemintointerconnectedorderedlevels,assigningvaluestoeachlevelandeachindicator.ConsideringthatitisYFuzzycomprehensiveverydifficulttoobtainalargenumberofsampleswithclearN>4evaluationconclusionsduetoadaptivetripping,itisnecessarytorelyonNexpertexperience,andtheevaluationindexsystemisaNhierarchicalmulti-indexstructure.CalculatefaultTrippingadaptabilityFirst,therelativeimportanceofthecomparisonbetweentheenergyWindexesisgiven,andthejudgmentmatrixisconstructed.ThenYfindthelargesteigenvalueofthematrixanditscorrespondingYYImportantload?eigenvectorwhichistheindexweight.W2Forpracticalcalculation,theconstructionoftheevaluationNNmatrixisadjustedonlybyapproximateestimation,withContinuetoTrippingafterrandomness,andoftenrequiresmultipleadjustmentstomeetTrippingDisturbingdatarun2hdelaytheconsistencytest.Animprovedmethodcanbeadopted.ByFig.6.Theprocessofadaptivetrippingcalculatingtheoptimaltransfermatrixsothatitnaturallymeetstheconsistencyrequirement,therelativeweightsofeachVI.CONCLUSIONevaluationfactoraredirectlyobtained.ThecalculationresultsareshowninTableII.a)Bypreprocessingtherecordingdataofthefaultindicator,TABLEIIthefaultsareidentified,andthedataisprovidedforthefurtherTHEWEIGHTSOFEVALUATIONINDEXstudyoffaultlineselection,faultidentificationandstatusIndexWeightassessment.X0.26,0.64,0.10b)TheevaluationindexsystemofadaptivetrippingX10.33,0.67protectionforsingle-phasegroundingfaultinnon-solidlygroundingsystemisproposed.Thesystem,theprobabilityofX20.50,0.50fault,theriskofpersonalinjuryandthelossofoutagearetakenX110.08,0.34,0.58intoconsideration.c)Inaddition,environmentalfactorsalsoaffecttheprobabilityoffailureexpansionandtheriskofpersonalharm.V.THEPROCESSOFADAPTIVETRIPPINGPROTECTIONAstheimpactisdifficulttomeasure,itisnotconsidered.Forthelineswithimportantpowerusersontheline,suchasthedatabaseloadoftheuserssuchasthebankingandREFERENCEScommunicationindustries,theloadofindustrialequipment,[1]N.Tong,M.Yu,X.Lin,etal,“StudyforFaultIndicatorBasedontheandtheloadofmedicalandhealth,thelosscausedbythepowerFaultyPhaseCurrentFeatureRecognitionfortheDistributionNetwork,”TransactionsofChinaElectrotechnicalSociety,vol.ED-12,pp.465–471,supplywithoutwarningisimmeasurable.Therefore,the2015.trippingdelaytimeshouldmeettherequirementsoftheuser'sCICED2018PaperNo.201805280000045Page5/61663

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