上海市虹口区2021届高三下学期第二次模拟英语Word版含解析

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虹口区2020学年度高三第二学期期中学生学习能力诊断测试英语试卷考生注意:1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Inthelivingroom.B.Inthebedroom.C.Inthebathroom.D.Inthediningroom.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Ilovethisnewpaintingyouhavedecidedtoputoverthebathtub!Itreallymakesthecoloroftheroompop!W:Thanks.Usually,peopleputartupintheirlivingroomorbedroom,butIwanttobecreative.Q:Wheredidthewomanputupthepainting?2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.At8:30.B.At9:00.C.At9:30.D.At10:00.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:It’s8:30,andyou’regoingtobelateforthemeeting.M:Oh,boy!Ijusthavehalfanhourleft.Ican’tbelieveIsleptfor10hours.

1虹口区2020学年度高三第二学期期中学生学习能力诊断测试英语试卷考生注意:1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。3.答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上。I.ListeningComprehensionSectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Inthelivingroom.B.Inthebedroom.C.Inthebathroom.D.Inthediningroom.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:Ilovethisnewpaintingyouhavedecidedtoputoverthebathtub!Itreallymakesthecoloroftheroompop!W:Thanks.Usually,peopleputartupintheirlivingroomorbedroom,butIwanttobecreative.Q:Wheredidthewomanputupthepainting?2.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.At8:30.B.At9:00.C.At9:30.D.At10:00.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:It’s8:30,andyou’regoingtobelateforthemeeting.M:Oh,boy!Ijusthavehalfanhourleft.Ican’tbelieveIsleptfor10hours.

2Q:Whattimedoestheman’smeetingstart?3.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Topickupthewomanfromthelibrary.B.Tomakeacopyofthescheduleforhisfriend.C.Togetacopyofthescheduleforthewoman.D.Tofindoutmoreaboutthetopicfortheconference.【答案】C【解析】【原文】W:Doyouhavetheconferenceschedulewithyou?I’dliketofindoutthetopicforFriday.M:Igaveittomyfriend,butthereshouldbecopiesavailableinthelibrary.Icanpickuponeforyou.Q:Whatdoesthemanpromisetodo?4.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Shedoesn’tthinkalotaboutherstudies.B.Shehasdifficultyindoingherassignments.C.Shedoesn’tunderstandthecoursesheistaking.D.Shehasnotimetodealwithherassignments.【答案】B【解析】【原文】W:Asacollegestudent,whatconcernsmemostisthatIhavetospendmorehoursinmyassignments.M:Youmustreadthequestionverycarefullyandgiveitagreatdealofthought.It’salsovitaltocheckyourworkforerrors.Q:Whatisthewoman’sproblem?5.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Languageschoolsarebeingestablishedeverywhere.B.Languageschoolsaremorethanothertypesofschools.C.ToomanyoverseasCanadiansarefondofteachingEnglish.D.TeachingEnglishisthebiggestbusinessthroughouttheworld.【答案】A

3【解析】原文】M:IrealizethatteachingEnglishisbecoming“bigbusiness”allaroundtheworld.W:Yes,absolutely.ItseemsthatlanguageschoolsarespringingupeverywhereandthatalotofCanadiansaregoingoverseastoteachEnglish.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?6.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Hefailedtheexam.B.Hestudiedveryhard.C.Theexamwastooeasy.D.Theexammadehimsmile.【答案】A【解析】【原文】W:Howwasyourmathsexam,Michael?M:Emm...IfIhadstudiedalittleharder,Iwouldbesmilingrightnow.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?7.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Themancan’tfindaquieterplace.B.Themanshouldconsiderhisprivacyfirst.C.Themanhadbetterchoosealow-rentapartment.D.Themanisunlikelytomoveoutoftheschooldormitory.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:Idon’tthinkIwanttoliveintheschooldormitorynextyear.Ineedmoreprivacy.W:Iknowwhatyoumean.Butcheckoutthecostfirstbeforerentinganapartment.Iwon’tbesurprisedifyouchangeyourmind.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?8.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Theconstructionlastslongerthanexpected.

4B.Themanusuallygetsuplate.C.Theworkersdrivethemancrazy.D.Theconstructionisreallyannoying.【答案】D【解析】【原文】M:Theconstructioninfrontofourbuildinghasbeengoingonformorethanthreemonths,andtheystartat7o’clockearlyinthemorning.I’mcrazynow!W:Trueenough.Let’sseewhatwecandoaboutit.I’lltalktothemfirstthinginthemorning.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?9.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Themanshouldapplyforthejob.B.TheITindustryisboomingveryfast.C.Thewomanisluckytohaveherpresentjob.D.Therearetoomanyunemployedskilledworkers.【答案】C【解析】【原文】M:AnITcompanyislookingforworkers.Theyneedonly30workersbutoverthreethousandpeopleshowedup.W:Yes,Isawthecommercialsontheweb.I’mstillinmyposition,thankgoodness.Q:Whatcanwelearnfromtheconversation?10.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】A.Sherefusedthejobtomakeendsmeet.B.Sherefusedthejobbecauseofthelowsalary.C.Sheacceptedthejobbecauseoftheconvenienthours.D.Sheneededthejobandwouldacceptitdespitethelowsalary.【答案】B【解析】【原文】M:DidyouhearthatMaryturneddownthatjob?W:Yeah.Thehoursareconvenient,butwiththepayshewouldn’tbeabletomakeendsmeet.

5Q:WhatdoesthewomansayaboutMary?SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillheartwoshortpassagesandonelongerconversation,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversation.Thepassagesandtheconversationwillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】11.A.TheyhaveashortmemoryB.Theyhavelanguageinterference.C.Theyarelackinginlanguageskills.DTheydon’tknowthelanguagepatterns.12.A.AllRussianwordshavegenders.B.Russianhasfewergrammarrules.C.Russianhasdifferentsentencestructures.D.Russianhasanobligatorycategoryforgender.13.A.Translatorshavelanguageinterference.B.Languageshavedifferentobligatorycategories.C.Languagesconnectwiththecommunitythatusesthem.D.Translationisobviouslyaone-waystreetforanylanguage.【答案】11.B12.D13.C【解析】【原文】Learningasecondlanguageisnevereasy,and,generallyspeaking,theolderapersoniswhenheattemptsanewlanguage,themoredifficultitbecomes.Thisisduetowhatisknownaslanguageinterference,meaningthatthelanguagepatternsofourfirstlanguageinterferewiththoseofthesecond,becausenotwolanguageshaveexactlythesamesoundsandgrammaticalstructures.Alllanguageshaveobligatorycategoriesofgrammarthatmaybelackinginotherlanguages.Russian--unlikeEnglish--hasanobligatorycategoryforgender

6whichdemandsthatanoun,andoftenapronoun,giveinformationaboutwhetheritismasculineorfeminine.Likewise,whentranslatinganEnglishstoryintoChineseinwhichacharacteridentifiedascousinappears,aChinesetranslatorneedstoknowwhetheritreferstoamaleorafemale,whetherthecharacterisolderoryoungerthanthespeaker,andwhetherthecharacterbelongstothefamilyofthespeaker’sfatherormother.Therefore“biaomei”canbetranslatedintoEnglishonlybytheawkwardstatement“afemalecousinonmymother’ssideandyoungerthanI.”Theabovetwoexamplesillustratethebasicprobleminanytranslation.Nomatterhowskilledtranslatorsare,theycannottakethelanguageoutofthespeechcommunitythatusesit.Translationobviouslyisnotasimpletwo-waystreetbetweentwolanguages.Rather,itisabusyintersectionamongatleasttwolanguageswithalloftheirpeculiarcharacteristics,theculturesofthetwospeechcommunities,andthespeechsituationinwhichthestatementisspoken.(Nowlistenagain,please.)Questions:Whyisitdifficultforolderpeopletolearnanewlanguage?HowisRussiandifferentfromEnglishaccordingtothepassage?Whyistranslationadifficultthingaccordingtothepassage?Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】14.A.Becausethesoundofwavesistoonoisy.B.Becausetheexperimentmaypollutethewater.C.Becausethesoundofwavesmayharmseaanimals.D.Becausetheseaanimalsmaydisturbtheexperiment.15.ATohelptracktheseaanimalsbeingtested.B.Toattractmoreseaanimalstothetestingsite.C.Todrivedangerousseaanimalsawayfromthetestingsite.D.Todeterminehowseaanimalscommunicatewitheachother.16.A.Theywerefrightenedanddistressed.B.Theyswamawaywhenthespeakerwasturnedon.C.Theyswamclosertothespeakerwhenthespeakerwasturnedoff.

7D.Theyswamnearthespeakerwhetherthespeakerwasturnedonoroff.【答案】14.C15.A16.D【解析】【原文】Ateamofscientistsrecentlybeganaprojecttomeasuretheeffectsofloudnoisesonseaanimals.Ifthesoundsdon’tharmtheanimals,thentheresearcherscangoaheadwithaplantosendsoundwavesthroughthePacificOceantotaketheearth’stemperature.Soundtravelsfasterthroughwarmwaterthancoldwater.Byanalyzingthespeedofsoundthroughtheoceanovertime,thescientistswillbeabletodetermineifourplanetiswarmingup.Theexperimentwasnearlycancelledmorethanayearagobecauseenvironmentalgroupsfearthatthesoundwillconfuseorharmseaanimals.Soscientistsareconductingtestsontheanimalsfirst.Theresearchersloweredaloudspeakerthatsendsoutlowfrequencysoundabout1000metersbeneaththeocean.Scientistsatthesitesendsoundwavesintotheocean.Radiosendingequipmentattachedtosomeoftheseaanimalshelptheresearcherskeeptrackoftheanimals’movements.Ifseaanimalsaredistressedbythesounds,theywouldswimawayfromthespeakers.Sofar,therearen’tanysignsthattheanimalsarebeingharmed.Researchersatthesitenoticedthatlargenumbersofseaanimalsswimnearthespeakerwhetheritwasturnedonoroff,butitisstilltoosoontoknowforsure,thescientistsadmit.ThetestswillcontinuethroughSeptember.“Ifallgoeswell,”theysay,“wecanbeginmeasuringtemperaturechangesonourplanet.”(Nowlistenagain,please.)Questions:Whywastheexperimentnearlycancelled?Forwhatpurposewasradiosendingequipmentused?Whatwasthereactionoftheseaanimalsinthesoundtests?Questionsarebasedonthefollowingpassage.【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】17.What’sthewoman’spurposewhenshetellsherfriendsshewantstoloseweight?A.Shewantsthemtoloseweight,too.B.Shewantsthemtodoexercisewithher.C.Shewantsthemtostopeatingunhealthyfoods.D.Shewantstheirsupportandhelpwithherproblems.18.Whatisthedisadvantageofbeingsofocusedonone’sgoal?

8A.Itdoesharmtoone’shealth.B.Itcausesonetoneglectotherthings.C.Itdoesn’thelpotherstoincreasehealth.D.Itpreventsonefromachievinghisorhergoal.19.Whatisthereasonwhymostpeoplefailtoreachtheirgoals?A.Theydon’thavepracticalgoals.B.Theydon’tstrivehardfortheirgoals.C.Theyarebusyandtheylosefocusontheirgoals.D.Theylosefocusontheirgoalsshortlyaftertheysetthem.20.Whatshouldonedoafterreachingagoalaccordingtothewoman?A.Celebratethesuccessinreachingthegoal.B.Setandachieveanothergoalofhigherlevels.C.Encourageclosefriendstosetandreachtheirgoals.D.Acknowledgetheachievementandseewhatthenextstepis.【答案】17.D18.B19.C20.A【解析】【原文】M:Goodmorning.Todaywe’lltalkaboutgoal-settingandwehaveaspecialguesthere,KateWarwick.Welcometoourprogram,Mrs.Warwick.W:Thankyou！M:SoMrs.Warwick,canyoutellusaboutyourworkingoal-setting?W:OK.Whenitcomestogoal-setting,I’mreallyfocused.Forexample,ifIwanttoloseweight,IwillgetagroupoffriendsaroundmeandtellthemIwanttoloseweightandincreasemyhealth.ThenI’lltakeactiontoachievethisgoalbystoppingeatingunhealthyfoods,etc.M:Well,whydoyougathersomeclosefriendstogether?W:ItisimportantformebecauseIneedsupport.IknowIcan’tdoitonmyown.Alsoithelps,becauseIamabletosharemyproblemswiththem.Andbytellingotherpeople“IreallywanttodothisandIseekyourhelp”,theycankeepyouhonest,Isuppose.M:Sosettinggoalshelpspeopleachievesomething.Butisthereanythingnegativeaboutgoal-setting?W:Yes.Ifyousetyourselfagoalandyou’resofocusedonit,thenyouwillbeclose-mindedtootherthingsthat

9happen.M:Whyisitthatmostpeopledosobadlyatreachinggoals?W:Theylosefocus.Everybody’slifeisbusy.Thereissomuchhappeningineverybody’slifethatwhathappensisthattheymighthaveagoal,andthensomethingwillgetintheroadofthat.M:Onceyoureachagoal,what’sthenextstep?W:OnethingthatIwouldstronglyencourageistocelebratesuccess.Onceyouhavemadeandreachedthatlevel,itisarealmusttocelebrateit.Thatwayyouareacknowledgingittoyourself,andyou’reacknowledgingthislevelofachievement.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.TheYearinaWordorTwoCananybodydescribeayearwithonlyoneword?EachDecember,theOxfordEnglishDictionary(OED)nominates(提名)awordtodescribetheveryyear___21___hasjustpassed.2020wasaveryunusualyearthatwasreallyworthy___22___(describe)withtwowords.TwooftheobviouswordstheOEDsuggestedwere“pandemic(疫情)”and“lockdown,”duetomostofhumanactivitiesacrosstheglobe___23___(bring)toastopbythelife-threateningdisease.Businesseshavebeenclosedandpeoplehavehadtostayintheirhomesforweeksorevenmonthsonend.___24___Iwouldliketonominate“cooperation”and“hope”asmywordsoftheyearbecauseitissupposedtobedescribedinamorepositiveand___25___(helpless)way,becausetherewasagreatdealofcooperationbetweencountriesandinternationalhealthorganizations.ChinatookaleadingroleinthiseffortbysendingmasksandprotectiveclothingtoCanada,theUnitedStatesandEurope,___26___tocountriesintheMiddleEastandAfrica.Withoutthiscooperation,thepandemic,bad___27___ithasbeen,couldhavebeenmuchworse.Andthatbringsmetomysecondword:hope.Wearebeginningtoseethelightattheendofthetunnel,and,withalittle“hope,”wewillgettoseetheworldbegintoreturntonormal.Foryoungpeople,itwasthefirsttimethatthey___28___(experience)somethingbig,aworrythattheysharedwiththeirfamilies,friendsandneighbors,andasuffering___29___(endure)atthismomentandtobeendurednextfewweeks.Andtheyalsolearnedthat“hope”—thebeliefthat___30___youwillseetomorrowwill

10bebetterthantoday—isattheheartofeveryhumanbeing.With“cooperation”and“hope,”2021shouldmakeforawonderfulyear.【答案】21.that22.tobedescribed23.havingbeenbrought/beingbrought24.But25.lesshelpless26.aswellas27.as/though28.hadexperienced29.beingendured30.what【解析】这是一篇议论文。对于2020年，《牛津英语词典》推荐用两个单词是“疫情”和“封锁”作为年度词汇，但是作者认为应该用“合作”和“希望”作为年度词汇，并解释了原因。【21题详解】考查定语从句。句意：每年12月，《牛津英语词典》(OED)都会选出一个词来描述刚刚过去的这一年。定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为year，被thevery修饰，所以用关系代词that。故填that。【22题详解】考查固定搭配。句意：2020年是非常不寻常的一年，真的可以用两个词来形容。beworthytobedone意为“值得（被做）……”，为固定搭配。故填tobedescribed。【23题详解】考查动名词和被动语态。句意：牛津英语词典推荐的两个明显的单词是“疫情”和“封锁”，因为全球范围内的大多数人类活动已经被这种威胁生命的疾病停止了。dueto后应用动名词作宾语。动词bring和逻辑主语mostofhumanactivities构成被动关系，所以可用动名词的一般式的被动形式。因为大多数人类活动已经被这种威胁生命的疾病停止了这件事发生在牛津英语词典推荐这两个词之前，所以也可以用动名词的完成式的被动形式。故填havingbeenbrought或beingbrought。【24题详解】考查连词。句意：但是，我想提名“合作”和“希望”作为我的年度词汇，因为这应该用一种更加积极和不那么无助的方式来描述，因为各国和国际卫生组织之间进行了大量的合作。前文讲牛津英语词典推荐的两个明显的单词是“疫情”和“封锁”，后文“Iwouldliketonominate“cooperation”and“hope”asmywordsoftheyear”与之构成转折关系，且空格后没有逗号，所以应用转折词but。故填But。

11【25题详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：但是，我想提名“合作”和“希望”作为我的年度词汇，因为这应该用一种更加积极和不那么无助的方式来描述，因为各国和国际卫生组织之间进行了大量的合作。“疫情”和“封锁”这两个词是很消极和无助的，所以“合作”和“希望”是不那么无助的。所以应用比较级lesshelpless。故填lesshelpless。【26题详解】考查介词短语。句意：中国在这方面发挥了主导作用，向加拿大、美国、欧洲以及中东和非洲国家运送口罩和防护服。根据前文“toCanada,theUnitedStatesandEurope”可知，此处是指也向中东和非洲国家运送口罩和防护服。所以应用介词短语aswellas，意为“也”。故填aswellas。【27题详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：如果没有这种合作，大流行虽然已经很糟糕，但可能会更糟。“badithasbeen”和“couldhavebeenmuchworse”构成转折关系，所以此处应为让步状语从句。因为“badithasbeen”为部分倒装，所以表示“尽管”应用as或though。故填as或though。【28题详解】考查动词时态。句意：对年轻人来说，这是他们第一次经历一件大事，一件他们要与家人、朋友和邻居分享的忧虑，一件此刻正在忍受的痛苦，以及在接下来的几周内将要忍受的痛苦。“itwasthe+序数词+time+that从句”句式中，that从句应使用过去完成时。故填hadexperienced。【29题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对年轻人来说，这是他们第一次经历一件大事，一件他们要与家人、朋友和邻居分享的忧虑，一件此刻正在忍受的痛苦，以及在接下来的几周内将要忍受的痛苦。根据atthismoment可知，此处表示正在进行，所以应用现在分词。动词endure意为“忍受”，和逻辑主语suffering构成被动关系。所以应用现在分词的一般式的被动形式作后置定语。故填beingendured。【30题详解】考查主语从句。句意：他们还了解到，“希望”——相信你将看到的明天会比今天更好——是每个人心中的信念。在主语从句中缺少主语，且是指事情，所以应用what引导。故填what。SectionBDirections:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbeusedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.mobilityB.concerningC.joblessnessD.upcomingE.unemployedF.automatedG.deliberatelyH.inequalityI.quotedJ.assumedK.significantly

12WillaRobotReallyTakeYourJob?Itisoneofthemostwidelyquoteddataofrecentyears.Noreportorconferencepresentationonthefutureofworkiscompletewithoutit.Ithasbeenpointedtoasevidenceofa(n)___31___jobsdisasterbythink-tanksandgovernmentagencies.Thefindingthat47percentofAmericanjobsareathighriskofbeing___32___bythemid-2030scomesfromapaperwrittenbytwoOxfordacademics,CarlBenediktFreyandMichaelOsborne.Ithassincebeen___33___inmorethan4,000otheracademicarticles.Suchmisunderstandingsreflectthepolarized(两极分化的)debate___34___thenatureofautomationandthefutureofjobs.Atoneextremearethenegativists.Theywarnofmasstechnological___35___justaroundthecorner.Oneadvocateofthisposition,MartinFord,haswrittentwobest-sellingbooksonthedangersofunemploymentcausedbyautomation.Heworriesthatmiddle-classjobswilldisappear,economic___36___willcease,andtherichestpeopleinacountrycould“shutthemselvesawayingatedcommunities,perhapsguardedbyself-directedmilitaryrobotsanddrones.”The___37___masseswillliveonauniversalbasicincome.Atthepositiveendofthedebate,classicaleconomistsarguethatinthepast,newtechnologyhasalwaysendedupcreatingmorejobsthanithasdestroyed.Itwasseveraldecadesbeforeindustrializationledto___38___higherwagesforBritishworkersintheearly1800s.Whileautomationislikelytoincrease___39___intheshortrunbypushingsomepeopleintolower-paidjobs,iteventuallyincreasestheoverallsizeoftheeconomicpie.Freyisoften___40___tobeinthefirstcamp.Hispapersimplywantedtopointoutthat47percentofthecurrentjobsinAmericaweremorelikelytobeaffectedbyautomation.Itgotmoreattentionthantheywouldeverhaveexpected.Inpart,thisisbecausefearsells,particularlywhenitisstirredupbyamisunderstanding.【答案】31.D32.F33.I34.B35.C36.A37.E38.K39.H40.J【解析】这是一篇说明文。近年来人们对“机器人真的会抢走你的工作吗”这一问题进行了讨论，文章介绍了消极主义者和积极主义者的观点进行了介绍。【31题详解】考查形容词。句意：它被智囊团和政府机构指出是即将到来的就业灾难的证据。根据“Noreportorconferencepresentationonthefutureofworkiscompletewithoutit.”（没有它，任何关于未来工作的报告或会议报告都是不完整的。）可知，此处是指未来的就业状况。形容词upcoming意为“即将到来的”符合句意。故选D。

13【32题详解】考查动词和被动语态。句意：牛津大学(Oxford)两位学者卡尔·贝内迪克特·弗雷(CarlBenediktFrey)和迈克尔·奥斯本(MichaelOsborne)在一篇论文中指出，到本世纪30年代中期，47%的美国工作将面临被自动化的高风险。根据后文“thenatureofautomationandthefutureofjobs”（自动化的本质和工作的未来）可知，此处是指47%的美国工作将面临被自动化的高风险。动词automate意为“使自动化”，和jobs构成被动关系。故选F。【33题详解】考查动词和被动语态。句意：此后，这篇文章被4000多篇其他学术文章引用。根据“inmorethan4,000otheracademicarticles”可知，此处是指这篇文章被引用。动词quote意为“引用”，和it构成被动关系。故选I。【34题详解】考查介词。句意：这些误解反映了有关自动化本质和就业前景的两极化辩论。根据“thenatureofautomationandthefutureofjobs”可知，此处是指有关自动化本质和就业前景的辩论。介词concerning意为“关于”。故选B。【35题详解】考查名词。句意：他们警告说，大规模的技术性失业即将到来。根据“Atoneextremearethenegativists.”（一个极端是消极主义者。）可知，他们警告说大规模的技术性失业即将到来。名词joblessness意为“失业”符合句意。故选C。【36题详解】考查名词。句意：他担心中产阶级的工作岗位将会消失，经济流动性将会停止，而一个国家最富有的人可能会“把自己关在封闭的社区里，也许会由自主的军事机器人和无人机守护。”根据“willcease”可知，此处是指经济流动性将会停止。名词mobility意为“流动性”符合句意。故选A。【37题详解】考查形容词。句意：失业群众将靠全民基本收入生活。根据“liveonauniversalbasicincome”可知，此处是指失业群众。形容词unemployed意为“失业的”，修饰masses作定语。故选E。【38题详解】考查副词。句意：直到19世纪早期，工业化才使英国工人的工资显著提高。根据industrialization可知，此处是指工业化使英国工人的工资显著提高。副词significantly意为“显著地”，修饰形容词higher作状语。故选K。【39题详解】考查名词。句意：虽然在短期内，自动化可能会迫使一些人从事报酬较低的工作，从而加剧不平等，但它最终会扩大经济蛋糕的整体规模。根据“bypushingsomepeopleintolower-paid

14jobs”可知，一些人从事报酬较低的工作，这会加剧不平等。名词inequality意为“不平等”符合句意。故选H。【40题详解】考查动词和被动语态。句意：弗雷通常被认为属于第一阵营。根据“Hispapersimplywantedtopointoutthat47percentofthecurrentjobsinAmericaweremorelikelytobeaffectedbyautomation.”（他的论文只是想指出，美国目前47%的工作更有可能受到自动化的影响。）可知，弗雷属于第一阵营，即消极主义者，所以此处是指弗雷通常被认为属于第一阵营。动词assume意为“认为”，和Frey构成被动关系。故选J。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.IsTapWaterSafetoDrink?Tapwaterisnotwithoutitsproblems.Morerecently,theMichiganCityofFlinthasbeenstrugglingwithhighlead(铅)levelsinitsdrinkingwater.Overtheyearspeoplehavewitnessedmajor___41___ofgroundwaterpollutionleadingtounhealthytapwater.ThenonprofitEnvironmentalWorkingGroup(EWG)detectedsome260pollutantsinpublicwatersuppliesin42statesandfaultedtheU.S.EnvironmentalProtectionAgency(EPA)for___42___toestablishstandardsonsomanyofthepollutants-fromindustry,agriculture,andurbanrivers-thatdoendupinourwater.Despitetheseseemingly___43___statistics,theNaturalResourcesDefenseCouncil(NRDC),whichhasalsoconductedaseriesof___44___testsonmunicipal(市政的)watersuppliesaswellasbottledwater,says,“Intheshortterm,ifyouareanadultwithnospecialhealth___45___,andyouarenotpregnant,thenyoucandrinkmostcities’tapwaterwithouthavingtoworry.”Thisisbecausemostofthepollutantsinpublicwatersuppliesexistatsuchsmallconcentrationsthatmostpeoplewouldhaveto___46___verylargequantitiesforhealthproblemstooccur.___47___lookatyourwaterbottlescarefully.It’scommonforthemtolistthesourceas“municipal”,whichmeansyoupaidforwhat___48___isbottledtapwater.“Pregnantwomen,youngchildren,theelderly,peoplewithchronicillnessesandthosewithweakenedimmunesystemscanbevulnerable(脆弱的)totherisksposedbypollutedwater,”NRDCdoes___49___,however.Thegroupsuggeststhatanyonewhomaybeatriskobtainacopyoftheircity’sannualwaterqualityreportandreviewitwiththeir___50___.Asforbottledwater,25to30percentofitcomesstraightfrommunicipaltapwatersystems,despitetheprettynature___51___onthebottlesthatimplyotherwise.Someofthatwatergoesthroughadditionalfiltering(过滤),

15butsomedoesnot.What’smore,bottledwaterisrequiredtobe___52___lessfrequentlythantapwaterforbacteriaandchemicalpollutants,andU.S.FoodandDrugAdministrationbottledwaterrulesallowforsomepollutionbyE.coli(大肠杆菌),___53___toEPAtapwaterrulesthatprohibitanysuchpollution.Also,NRDCfoundthatthereareno___54___forbottledwatertobedisinfectedortestedforparasites(寄生虫),unlikemorestrictEPArulesregulatingtapwater.Thisleavesthepossibility___55___,saysNRDC,thatsomebottledwatermaypresentsimilarhealththreatstothosewithweakenedimmunesystems.41.A.casesB.patternsC.modelsD.modes42.A.managingB.failingC.competingD.skipping43.A.endlessB.appealingC.alarmingD.meaningless44.A.expansiveB.expensiveC.aggressiveD.extensive45.A.motivationsB.focusesC.conditionsD.proportions46.A.turninB.giveawayC.takeupD.takein47.A.TostartwithB.AfterallC.InadditionD.Onthewhole48.A.necessarilyB.essentiallyC.accordinglyD.dramatically49.A.recommendB.cautionC.justifyD.urge50.A.supervisorB.secretaryC.authorityD.physician51.A.scenesB.brandsC.dataD.prints52.A.questionedB.producedC.testedD.advertised53.A.contraryB.similarC.relativeD.parallel54.A.requirementsB.suggestionsC.permissionsD.approvals55.A.realB.minorC.uncertainD.open【答案】41.A42.B43.C44.D45.C46.D47.C48.B49.B50.D51.A52.C53.A54.A55.D【解析】这是一篇说明文。自来水中的污染物和细菌有可能对人体产生危害，文章对这种危害的大小和瓶装水疏于管理的现象进行了说明。【41题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：多年来，人们目睹了地下水污染导致不健康自来水的重大案例。A.cases案例；B.patterns图案，模式；C.models模型；D.modes模式。根据“groundwaterpollutionleadingtounhealthytapwater”可知，此处是指地下水污染导致不健康自来水的重大案例。故选A。【42题详解】

16考查动词辨析。句意：非盈利阻止EWG测试了42个州的公共水供应，指责美国环境保护署(EPA)未能对工业、农业和城市河流中的污染物制定标准，而这些污染物最终确实进入了我们的水中。A.managing管理；B.failing失败；C.competing比赛；D.skipping跳跃。根据“doendupinourwater”可知，美国环境保护署(EPA)未能对工业、农业和城市河流中的污染物制定标准。故选B。【43题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：尽管这些数据看起来令人担忧，自然资源保护委员会(NRDC)也对市政供水和瓶装水进行了一系列广泛的测试……A.endless无尽的；B.appealing吸引人的；C.alarming令人担忧的；D.meaningless无意义的。此处thesestatistics是指前文中提到的饮用水污染严重的数据，所以是令人担忧的。故选C。【44题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：尽管这些数据看起来令人担忧，自然资源保护委员会(NRDC)也对市政供水和瓶装水进行了一系列广泛的测试……A.expansive广阔的，广泛的；B.expensive昂贵的；C.aggressive侵略性的；D.extensive广泛的。根据“onmunicipal(市政的)watersuppliesaswellasbottledwater”可知，这次测试的范围很广泛。故选D。【45题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：在短期内，如果你是没有特殊健康状况的成年人，而且你没有怀孕，那么你可以喝大多数城市的自来水而不必担心。A.motivations动机；B.focuses焦点；C.conditions状况；D.proportions比例。根据“youarenotpregnant”可知，此处是指身体状况。故选C。【46题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：这是因为公共供水中大多数污染物的浓度都很小，大多数人必须摄入大量的污染物才会出现健康问题。A.turnin交上；B.giveaway赠送；C.takeup占据；D.takein吸收。根据“forhealthproblemstooccur”可知，此处是指大多数人必须摄入大量的污染物才会出现健康问题。故选D。【47题详解】考查介词短语辨析。句意：另外，仔细检查你的水瓶。A.Tostartwith首先；B.Afterall毕竟；C.Inaddition另外；D.Onthewhole整体上。结合上文提到城市供水，根据“lookatyourwaterbottlescarefully”可知，此处是讲了另外一个要点。故选C。【48题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：他们通常会把水源标为“市政”，也就是说你买的其实是瓶装自来水。A.necessarily必要地；B.essentially本质上；C.accordingly因此，于是；D.dramatically显著地，剧烈地。根据“It’scommonforthemtolistthesourceas“municipal””和“bottledtapwater”可知，此处是指瓶装水的实质通常是自来水。故选B。

17【49题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：然而，自然资源保护委员会也发出了警告。A.recommend推荐；B.caution警告；C.justify证明……是正当的；D.urge敦促。根据“Pregnantwomen,youngchildren,theelderly,peoplewithchronicillnessesandthosewithweakenedimmunesystemscanbevulnerable(脆弱的)totherisksposedbypollutedwater”（孕妇、儿童、老年人、慢性病患者和免疫系统较弱的人可能容易受到水污染带来的风险）可知，此处是指自然资源保护委员会也发出了警告。故选B。【50题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：该组织建议，任何可能有危险的人都应该获得一份他们所在城市的年度水质报告，并与他们的医生一起审查。A.supervisor监督人，指导者；B.secretary秘书；C.authority权威；D.physician医生。根据“anyonewhomaybeatrisk”可知，此处是指身体有可能受到水污染影响的人应该和医生一起查看水质报告，保证自己的健康。故选D。【51题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：至于瓶装水，有25%到30%直接来自市政自来水系统，尽管瓶子上美丽的自然景色暗示着其他的东西。A.scenes景色，场景；B.brands商标；C.data数据；D.prints印刷业。根据“nature”可知，此处是指瓶装水包装上的自然景色。故选A。【52题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：此外，瓶装水对细菌和化学污染物的检测频率比自来水要低，美国食品和药物管理局的规定允许大肠杆菌污染瓶装水，这与EPA禁止任何此类污染的自来水规定相悖。A.questioned质疑；B.produced制造；C.tested检测；D.advertised做广告。根据“forbacteriaandchemicalpollutants”可知，此处是指检测细菌和化学污染物。故选C。【53题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：此外，瓶装水对细菌和化学污染物的检测频率比自来水要低，美国食品和药物管理局的规定允许大肠杆菌污染瓶装水，这与EPA禁止任何此类污染的自来水规定相悖。A.contrary相反的；B.similar相似的；C.relative相对的；D.parallel平行的。根据“prohibitanysuchpollution”和“allowforsomepollutionbyE.coli”可知，这两者是相悖的。故选A。【54题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：此外，NRDC还发现，瓶装水没有消毒或检测寄生虫的要求，这与EPA对自来水的严格规定不同。A.requirements要求；B.suggestions建议；C.permissions允许；D.approvals批准。根据“unlikemorestrictEPArulesregulatingtapwater”可知，此处是指瓶装水没有消毒或检测寄生虫的要求。故选A。【55题详解】

18考查形容词辨析。句意：自然资源保护委员会说，这就留下了一种可能性，即一些瓶装水可能会对那些免疫系统薄弱的人造成类似的健康威胁。A.real真实的；B.minor未成年的；C.uncertain不确定的；D.open开放的。根据“somebottledwatermaypresentsimilarhealththreatstothosewithweakenedimmunesystems”可知，此处是指这导致一些瓶装水可能会对那些免疫系统薄弱的人造成类似的健康威胁，所以是指这种可能性是开放的。故选D。SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)Eachgeneration--fromBabyBoomerstoGenerationXtoMillennials--hasitsownsetofvaluesandcharacteristics.Butonethingcommontoallgenerationsisthattheyaresufferingfromstress.InarecentpollbytheAmericanPsychologicalAssociation(APA),allagegroupsnowreporthigherlevelsofstressthaninthepast.BabyBoomers(thosebornroughlybetween1946and1964,andwhoarenowmovingintotheirretirementyears)saidthattheyarestressedaboutearningsandhealthissues.GenXers(bornroughlybetween1965and1980)areconcernedaboutwork,income,andjobstability.However,Millennials(bornroughlybetween1981and2004)areturningouttobethemoststressed-outofallthegenerations.Pollresultsindicatethatstresslevelsfortheseyoungerrespondentsaresignificantlyaboveaverage.Sowhat’sworryingtheMillennials?Millennialsarethefirstgenerationtogrowupwithcomputersinthehomeandtheclassroom.Duetotheriseofmoderntechnologyandsocialmedia,theyareconstantlyshoweredwithinformation.Overtime,thisinformationoverloadcanbecometoomuchtohandleandcanresultinstress,whichinturncancauseseriousphysical,psychological,andemotionalproblems.Anothercontributingfactor,accordingtoauthorMichaelD.Hais,isthatmanyMillennialshavelivedshelteredlivesduetooverprotectiveparents.Theseyoungadultslackproblem-solvingskillsandmaystrugglewithfearoffailureoncetheyleavehome.Makingmattersworse,the2008economicdepressionoccurredwhenmanyMillennialsweregraduatingfromhighschoolorcollege.Theresultingeconomicslowdownreducedthenumberofavailablejobsforgraduates.Sureenough,intheAPApoll,Millennialssaidthatwork,money,relationships,familyresponsibilities,andtheeconomyarethemainstressorsintheirlives.However,thepollresultsmaybeabitmisleadingastheydon’ttakeintoaccountpublicattitudestowardstressandmentalillness.RonaldKesslerofHarvardMedicalSchool,whohasstudiedtheprevalence(流行)ofmentaldisordersintheU.S.,pointsoutthatchangesinsocialattitudeshavehelpedreducethestigmaattachedtomentalillnessovertheyears.Forexample,thecreationofhealth-relatedtelevisionprogrammingandspecialtymagazinessuchasPsychologyTodayhavecontributedtogreaterpublicawarenessofmentalhealthissues.Accordingto

19psychologists,youngerpeoplenowaremorewillingtoadmittothemthattheyareunderstressthaninthepast.“Thereisnotalotofevidenceoftrueprevalencehavinggoneup,”Kesslersays.“Itlookslikeyoungerpeopleareinworseshape,butunfortunately,wejustdon’tknow.”56.ItcanbelearnedfromtheresultsoftheAPApollthat______.A.Allagegroupsareexperiencingmorestressthanbefore.B.Millennialshavemorestressthanbefore,butotheragegroupsaren’t.C.Comparedwithotheragegroups,Millennialshavemoreoverprotectiveparents.D.Stresslevelsaredownforallagegroups,butthey’redownthemostforMillennials.57.______isacauseofworryacrossallgenerations.A.Health.B.Occupation.C.Money.D.Weakeconomy.58.What’sthepossiblemeaningoftheunderlinedword“stigma”inthelastparagraph?A.Behavior.B.Shame.C.Symptom.D.Complexity.59.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanbeinferredabouttheyoungpeopletodaycomparedtothepast?A.Theyfailtokeepgoodbodyshape.B.Theyaremoreinterestedinhealth-relatedmedia.C.Theyaremorewillingandcourageoustofaceuptotheirfault.D.Theyaremorewillingtoseekprofessionalhelptodealwithstress.【答案】56.A57.C58.B59.D【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了现今各个年龄段的人都面临着比以往更大的压力，尤其是千禧一代。【56题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“Butonethingcommontoallgenerationsisthattheyaresufferingfromstress…….allagegroupsnowreporthigherlevelsofstressthaninthepast.(但有一件事是所有世代的共同之处，那就是他们都承受着压力。……所有年龄段的人现在都比过去承受了更大的压力。)”可知所有年龄段的人都承受者比以往更大的压力。故选A。【57题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段“BabyBoomers……saidthattheyarestressedaboutearningsandhealthissues.GenXers……areconcernedaboutwork,income,andjobstability.Millennials……areturningouttobethemoststressed-outofallthegenerations.(婴儿潮一代......表示，他们对收入和健康问题感到压力。x世代......关注工作、收入和工作稳定性。千禧一代......是所有世代中压力最大的一代)”及第二段“Millennialssaidthat

20work,money,relationships,familyresponsibilities,andtheeconomyarethemainstressorsintheirlives.(千禧一代表示，工作、金钱、人际关系、家庭责任和经济是他们生活中的主要压力源。)”可知几代人的压力都有来源于金钱收入方面的。故选C。【58题详解】词句猜测题。根据划线词所在句“havehelpedreducethestigmaattachedtomentalillnessovertheyears(这些年来帮助减少了人们对精神疾病的偏见)”及下一句“suchasPsychologyTodayhavecontributedtogreaterpublicawarenessofmentalhealthissues(如《今日心理学》，有助于提高公众对心理健康问题的认识。)”可推知划线词义是由于公众对精神疾病认知不高而产生的偏见或羞耻心理。A.Behavior行为；B.Shame羞耻；羞愧；C.Symptom症状；征兆；D.Complexity复杂性。故选B。【59题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Accordingtopsychologists,youngerpeoplenowaremorewillingtoadmittothemthattheyareunderstressthaninthepast.(据心理学家说，现在的年轻人比过去更愿意向医生承认他们处于压力之下。)”可推知与以往相比现在的年轻人面对压力时，会倾向于求助于专业的心理医生。故选D。(B)Bacteriaaretheoneofthemainfoodpoisoners.So,togetfoodonthetablesafely,youneedtoknowandfollowtherulesforfoodcare.KEEPFOODHOTHighfoodtemperatures(165°Fto212°F)reachedinboiling,baking,frying,androastingkillmostfood

21poisoningbacteria.Ifyouwanttodelayservingcookedfood,though,youhavetokeepitataholdingtemperature-roughly140°Fto165°F.Steamtablesandchafingdishesaredesignedtomaintainholdingtemperatures.Buttheydon’talwayskeepfoodhotenough.Soit’snotwisetoleavehotfoodoutmorethan2hours.Whencookedfoodisleftoutunheated,thepossibilityofbacterialgrowthisgreater,sincethefoodquicklydropstoroomtemperaturewherefoodpoisonersmultiply.Toservehotfoodssafely-particularlymeatandpoultry,whicharehighlyaffectedbyfoodpoisoning-followtheserules:•Cookthoroughly-Cookmeatandpoultrytothe“doneness”temperaturesgivenintheabovechart.Tomakesurethatmeatandpoultryarecookedallthewaythrough,useameatthermometer(温度计).Insertthetipintothethickestpartofthemeat,avoidingfatorbone.•Don’tinterruptcooking-Cookmeatandpoultrycompletelyatonetime.Partialcookingmayencouragebacterialgrowthbeforecookingiscomplete.•Cookingfrozenfood-Allowfrozenfoodmoretimetocook-generally1.5timestheperiodrequiredforfoodthathasbeenthawed(解冻).60.Atwhattemperaturedobacteriagrowthefastest?A.40ºC~60ºC.B.60ºF~125ºF.C.40ºC~140ºC.D.125ºF~140ºF.61.Tokeepfoodsafe,itissuggestedthat______.A.hotfoodshouldnotbeleftoutovertwohours.B.frozenfoodshouldbethawedwithamicrowaveoven.C.rawhamshouldbecookedtothe“doneness”temperatureat71ºF.D.steamtablesandchafingdishesshouldbeusedtokeepfoodhotenough.62.Whatcanbelearnedaccordingtotheguideline?A.Theonlywaytoensurefoodsafetyistokeepithotenough.B.Highfoodtemperaturesabove74ºCdestroymostpoisoningbacteria.C.Comparedwithgoose,groundbeefshouldbecookedtohighertemperatures.D.Insertthetipofathermometerintothethickestpartofthefattocontrolthetemperature.【答案】60.B61.A62.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。细菌是主要的食物毒素之一，为了让食物安全上桌，我们需要知道并遵守食物处置的一些规则。【60题详解】

22细节理解题。根据文章第一幅图中“DANGER-Rapidgrowthofbacteria:somewillproducetoxin.(危险——细菌快速生长：有些细菌会产生毒素。)”所对应的温度为60ºF~125ºF，所以在60ºF~125ºF之间细菌生长得最快。故选B。【61题详解】细节理解题。根据文章KEEPFOODHOT中的“Soit’snotwisetoleavehotfoodoutmorethan2hours.(所以把热的食物放在外面超过2小时是不明智的。)”可知，为了保证食物安全，建议热的食物不要放在外面超过两个小时。故选A。【62题详解】细节理解题。根据文章KEEPFOODHOT中的“Highfoodtemperatures(165°Fto212°F)reachedinboiling,baking,frying,androastingkillmostfoodpoisoningbacteria.(高食物温度(165°F到212°F)达到沸腾，烘烤，煎炸和烘烤杀死大多数食物中有毒细菌。)”可知，74ºC（74ºC=165.2°F）上的食物高温杀灭大多数有毒细菌。故选B。(C)“Awriter’sjobistotellthetruth,”saidHemingwayin1942.Nootherwriterofourtimehadsofiercelystated,orsoconsistently(一贯地)illustratedthewriter’sdutytospeaktruly.Hisstandardoftruth-tellingremained,moreover,sohighandsostrictthathewasordinarilyunwillingtoadmitsecondaryevidence,whetherliteraryevidenceorevidencepickedupfromothersourcesthanhisownexperience.“IonlyknowwhatIhaveseen”,wasastatementwhichcameoftentohislipsandpen.Whathehadpersonallydone,orwhatheknewunforgettablybyhavinggonethroughoneversionofit,waswhathewasinterestedintellingabout.Theprimaryintentionofhiswriting,fromfirsttolast,wastoseizeandprojectforthereaderwhatheoftencalled“thewayitwas”.Thisisacharacteristicallysimplephraseforaconceptofextraordinarycomplexity,andHemingway’sconceptofitsmeaningsubtly(微妙地)changedseveraltimesinthecourseofhiscareer-alwaysinthedirectionofgreatercomplexity.Atthecoreoftheconcept,however,onecaninvariablyrecognizetheoperationofthreeinstrumentsofbeautyappreciation:thesenseofplace,thesenseoffact,andthesenseofscene.Thefirstofthese,obviouslyastrongpassionwithHemingway,isthesenseofplace.“Unlessyouhavegeography,background,”heoncetoldGeorgeAntheil,“youhavenothing.”Youhave,thatistosay,adramaticvacuum.Fewwritershavebeenmoreplace-conscious.Fewhavesocarefullychartedoutthegeographicalgroundworkoftheirnovelswhilemanagingtokeepbackgroundsounnoticeable.Few,accordingly,havebeenabletorecordmoreeconomicallyandgraphicallythewayitiswhenyouwatchthebullsrunningthroughthestreetsofPamplona,Spaintowardsthebull-ring.“WhenIwokeitwasthesoundoftherocketexplodingthatannouncedthereleaseofthebulls.Downbelowthe

23narrowstreetwasempty.Allthebalconieswerecrowdedwithpeople.Suddenlyacrowdcamedownthestreet.Theywereallrunning,packedclosetogether.Theypassedalongandupthestreettowardthebull-ringandbehindthemcamemoremenrunningfaster,andthensomestragglers(落后者)whowerereallyrunning.Behindthemwasalittlebarespace,andthenthebullstossingtheirheadsupanddown.Itallwentoutofsightaroundthecorner.Onemanfell,rolledtothegutter(排水沟),andlayquiet.Butthebullswentrightonanddidnotnoticehim.Theywereallrunningtogether.”63.What’sthemainideaofthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Hemingway’swritingbeganfromrealityandthenhewouldlethismindwander.B.Hemingway’sprimarypurposeinwritingwastoreportfaithfullyrealityasheexperiencedit.C.Hemingway’swritingreflectshispreferenceforasimplestorythatthereaderwouldthoroughlyenjoy.D.Hemingwaywouldconstructastorythatwouldreflecttruthsthatwerenotparticulartoaspecifichistoricalperiod.64.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatHemingwaypreferred______asthesourcesforhiswork.A.Storiesthathehadexperiencedratherthanreadabout.B.Storiesthathehadreadaboutinnewspapersorothersources.C.Storiesthathehadheardfromfriendsorchanceacquaintances.D.Storiesthatcametohiminperiodsofdeepthinkingorindreams.65.Theauthorcalls“thewayitwas”a“characteristicallysimplephraseforaconceptofextraordinarycomplexity”because______.A.itshowshowHemingwayunderstatedcomplexissuesinhisbooks.B.itreflectsHemingway’stalentformakingordinaryeventsdifficulttounderstand.C.Hemingway’sobsessionforgeographicdetailsovershadowedthedramaticelementofhisstories.D.therelationshipbetweensimplicityandcomplexityreflectedtherelationshipbetweenthestyleandcontentofHemingway’swriting.66.Whydoestheauthorincludeanexcept(节选)fromTheSunAlsoRisesinthelastparagraph?ATovividlyillustratehowexcitingthebullrunis.B.Todemonstratethatallkindsofrunnerscantakepartinthebullrun.C.ToshowHemingway’sdelicatedescriptionofthebackgroundofthebullrun.D.Toplacegreateremphasisontheimportanceofgeography,economicallyspeaking.【答案】63.B64.A65.D66.C【解析】

24【分析】本文属于说明文，海明威一直坚持使用自己的经历作写作素材，坚持说真话，坚持简明的语言风格，但是能够很好地表达复杂的概念。【63题详解】主旨大意题。根据第一段“Hisstandardoftruth-tellingremained,moreover,sohighandsostrictthathewasordinarilyunwillingtoadmitsecondaryevidence,whetherliteraryevidenceorevidencepickedupfromothersourcesthanhisownexperience.”以及第二段“Theprimaryintentionofhiswriting,fromfirsttolast,wastoseizeandprojectforthereaderwhatheoftencalled“thewayitwas”.”可知，而且，他讲真话的标准仍然很高，也很严格，所以他通常不愿意承认次要证据，无论是文学证据还是从他自己的经历以外的其他来源获得的证据。他至始至终写作的目的是坚持为读者呈现原原本本的信息，故可知，前两段主要关于海明威写作的主要目的是如实地写他所经历的现实，故选B。【64题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段“Hisstandardoftruth-tellingremained,moreover,sohighandsostrictthathewasordinarilyunwillingtoadmitsecondaryevidence,whetherliteraryevidenceorevidencepickedupfromothersourcesthanhisownexperience.“IonlyknowwhatIhaveseen”,wasastatementwhichcameoftentohislipsandpen.”可知，而且，他讲真话的标准仍然很高，也很严格，所以他通常不愿意承认次要证据，无论是文学证据还是从他自己的经历以外的其他来源获得的证据，可知海明威坚持根据自己的经历来写作，故选A。【65题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thisisacharacteristicallysimplephraseforaconceptofextraordinarycomplexity,andHemingway’sconceptofitsmeaningsubtly(微妙地)changedseveraltimesinthecourseofhiscareer-alwaysinthedirectionofgreatercomplexity.”可知，“thewayitwas”是一个典型的简单的词组但是表达了非常复杂的概念，而他的这个含义的概念在他写作生涯改变了好几次，但是都是朝着更复杂的方向前进。海明威崇尚的是简明的写作风格，事实上，他的简约背后隐藏深意，反映了海明威简明写作风格和复杂内容之间的关系，故选D。【66题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Fewwritershavebeenmoreplace-conscious.Fewhavesocarefullychartedoutthegeographicalgroundworkoftheirnovelswhilemanagingtokeepbackgroundsounnoticeable.”可知，只有少数的作家能够有场所的意识，很少的作家都能在让背景信息不明显的同时，又能够仔细地标注出小说的场所基础信息，所以最后一段引用《太阳照常升起》段落是为了帮助阐明这一观念，即坚持简洁的语言，但是很生动形象地把背景描述出来，所以最后一段引用《太阳照常升起》是为了来展示海明威对奔牛节背景的精致描述。故选C。SectionC

25Directions:Readthepassagecarefully.Fillineachblankwithapropersentencegiveninthebox.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.BenefitsofCooperativeLearningIntheclassroomteachersshoulddeliberatelycreateopportunitiesforstudentstocooperatewitheachother,shareresponsibilities,solveproblems,andcontrolconflict.___67___Cooperativelearningactivitiesrequirestudentstoworktogetherinsmallgroupstocompleteaprojectoractivity,operatingasateamtohelpeachothersucceed.Youmaybewonderingwhatbenefitsstudentsgainfromcooperativelearning.Theanswerismany!Cooperativelearning,ofcourse,teachesanumberofsocialandemotionalskills,butitalsogivesstudentstheopportunitytolearnfromeachother.Thefollowingskillsthataredevelopedthroughregularandeffectivecooperativelearningarejustafewofmany.Inorderforacooperativelearninggrouptosucceed,individualswithinthegroupneedtoshowleadershipabilities.Withoutthis,thegroupcannotmoveforwardwithoutateacher.Naturalleadersbecomequicklyevidentinsmallgroups,butmoststudentsdon’tnaturallywanttolead.___68___Also,effectiveteamworkrequiresgoodcommunicationandcommitment.Allmembersofacooperativelearninggrouphavetolearntospeakproductivelywithoneanothertostayontrack.Byteachingstudentstoshareconfidently,listencarefully,andspeakclearly,theylearntovaluetheinputoftheirteammatesandthequalityoftheirworksoars.Conflictsareboundtoariseinanygroupsetting.___69___Givestudentsspacetotryandworkouttheirissuesforthemselvesbeforesteppingin.Therearemanydecisionstobemadeinacooperativeenvironment.Encouragestudentstothinkasateamtomakejointdecisionsbyfirsthavingthemcomeupwithateamname.___70___Makesurethateachstudenthastheirownresponsibilitiesincooperativelearninggroups.Muchlikeleadershipskills,decision-makingskillscannotbedevelopedifstudentsarenotregularlypracticingthem.A.Fromthere,havethemdecidewhowillcompletewhattasks.B.Assignleadershiprolesofvaryingimportancetoeverymemberofagrouptohelpallindividualspracticeleading.C.Often,leadersofthegrouparealsotheonesthatmakemostofthedecisions.D.Sometimestheseareminorandeasilyhandled,butothertimestheycanripateamapartifimproperlymanaged.E.Overall,61%ofcooperative-learningclassesachievedsignificantlyhighertestscoresthantraditionalclasses.

26F.Theseopportunitiescanbefoundincooperativelearning,whichdiffersfromtraditionallearningwherestudentsworkindependently.【答案】67.F68.B69.D70.A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章对合作学习活动的好处进行了介绍。【67题详解】根据前文“Intheclassroomteachersshoulddeliberatelycreateopportunitiesforstudentstocooperatewitheachother,shareresponsibilities,solveproblems,andcontrolconflict.”（在课堂上，教师应该有意识地为学生创造机会，让他们相互合作，分担责任，解决问题，控制冲突。）可知，选项F中的Theseopportunities是指相互合作、分担责任、解决问题、控制冲突的机会，根据后文“Cooperativelearningactivitiesrequirestudentstoworktogetherinsmallgroupstocompleteaprojectoractivity,operatingasateamtohelpeachothersucceed.”（合作学习活动要求学生以小组的形式共同完成一个项目或活动，以团队的形式帮助彼此成功。）可知，合作学习可以提供这样的机会，所以选项F（这些机会可以在合作学习中找到，这不同于学生独立工作的传统学习。）切合文意。故选F。【68题详解】根据前文“Naturalleadersbecomequicklyevidentinsmallgroups,butmoststudentsdon’tnaturallywanttolead.”（在小团队中，天生的领导者很快就会显现出来，但大多数学生并不是天生想要领导别人。）可知，因为大多数学生并不是天生想要领导别人，所以需要分配给每一位成员一个领导角色，所以选项B（分配不同重要性的领导角色给小组的每个成员，以帮助所有的个人实践领导能力。）切合文意。butmoststudentsdon’tnaturallywanttolead.呼应Assignleadership。故选B。【69题详解】根据前文“Conflictsareboundtoariseinanygroupsetting.”（在任何群体中，冲突都是必然发生的。）和后文“Givestudentsspacetotryandworkouttheirissuesforthemselvesbeforesteppingin.”（在介入之前，给学生空间，让他们自己尝试解决自己的问题。）可知，此处是讲要恰当地处理群体中的冲突，所以选项D（有时这些小问题很容易处理，但其他时候，如果管理不当，它们可能会分裂一个团队。）切合文意。故选D。【70题详解】根据后文“Makesurethateachstudenthastheirownresponsibilitiesincooperativelearninggroups.”（确保每个学生在合作学习小组中有自己的责任。）可知，此处是讲每个学生都要有自己的任务，所以选项A（然后，让他们决定谁将完成什么任务。）切合文意。theirownresponsibilities呼应completewhattasks。故选A。IV.SummaryWriting

2771.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.NewTestingMethodinEraofOnlineLearningInresearchpublishedtodayinScienceofLearning,engineersfromRensselaerPolytechnicInstitutedemonstratehowatestingstrategytheycall“distancedonlinetesting”caneffectivelyreducestudents’abilitytoreceivehelpfromoneanotherinordertoscorehigheronatesttakenatindividualhomesduringsocialdistancing.“Ofteninremoteonlineexams,studentscantalkoverthephoneorinternettodiscussanswers,”saidGeWang,achairprofessorofbiomedicalengineeringatRensselaerandthecorrespondingauthoronthispaper.“Thekeyideaofourmethodistominimizethischanceviadiscreteoptimization(离散优化)aidedbyknowledgeofastudent’scompetencies.”Whenadistancedonlinetestisperformed,studentsreceivethesamequestions,butatvaryingtimesdependingontheirskilllevel.Forinstance,studentsofhighestmasterylevelsreceiveeachquestionafterothergroupsofstudentshavealreadyansweredthosequestions.Thisapproach,Wangsaid,reducesthemotivatorforstudentstoreceivehelpfromthosewhohavemoremasteryofthematerial.Inordertodeterminetheorderofeachstudent’squestions,theircompetencelevelsareestimatedusingtheirgradepointaverages,SATscores,ormidtermscores,dependingonwhatisavailableataspecificpointinthesemester.Accordingtostatisticaltestsandpost-examsurveys,thismethodreducedthepointsgainedthroughcheatingbyordersofmagnitude(数量级)whencomparedtoconventionalexammethods.Asanaddedbenefit,Wangsaid,whenstudentsknewcollusionwouldnotbepossible,theyweremoremotivatedtostudyclassmaterial.WangandhiscolleagueshopetosharethisinnovationofteachingmethodsandtheorybeyondtheRensselaercampus.“Weplantodevelopagoodplatformsothatotherscaneasilyusethismethod,”saidWang,amemberoftheCenterforBiotechnologyandInterdisciplinaryStudiesatRensselaer.【答案】Toreducecheatinginremoteonlinetests,distancedonlinetestingisintroducedintoday’sScienceofLearning.Itminimizesonlinecheatingthroughdiscreteoptimizationbasedonstudents’abilities.Namely,studentsatvariouslevelsgetthesamepaper,butatdifferenttimes.Itreducedcheatingandencouragedlearning,soresearchersexpecttobuildaplatformtoshareit.【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“远程在线测试”的测试策略，它是基于学生能力的基础上通过离散优化的方法最小化网络作弊。不同层次的学生拿到的是相同的试卷，但时间不同，它减少了作弊，鼓励学习，研究人员希望建立一个平台来分享使用这种方法。【详解】1.要点摘录

28①InresearchpublishedtodayinScienceofLearning,engineersfromRensselaerPolytechnicInstitutedemonstratehowatestingstrategytheycall“distancedonlinetesting”caneffectivelyreducestudents’abilitytoreceivehelpfromoneanotherinordertoscorehigheronatesttakenatindividualhomesduringsocialdistancing.②Ofteninremoteonlineexams,studentscantalkoverthephoneorinternettodiscussanswers。③Thekeyideaofourmethodistominimizethischanceviadiscreteoptimization(离散优化)aidedbyknowledgeofastudent’scompetencies.④Whenadistancedonlinetestisperformed,studentsreceivethesamequestions,butatvaryingtimesdependingontheirskilllevel.⑤Accordingtostatisticaltestsandpost-examsurveys,thismethodreducedthepointsgainedthroughcheatingbyordersofmagnitude(数量级)whencomparedtoconventionalexammethods.⑥whenstudentsknewcollusionwouldnotbepossible,theyweremoremotivatedtostudyclassmaterial.⑦WangandhiscolleagueshopetosharethisinnovationofteachingmethodsandtheorybeyondtheRensselaercampus.2.缜密构思将第①、②两个要点进行重组；将第③、④两个要点进行压缩；将第⑤、⑥、⑦三个要点进行整合。3.遣词造句Toreducecheatinginremoteonlinetests,distancedonlinetestingisintroducedintoday’sScienceofLearning.Itminimizesonlinecheatingthroughdiscreteoptimizationbasedonstudents’abilities.Studentsatvariouslevelsgetthesamepaper,butatdifferenttimes.Itreducedcheatingandencouragedlearning,soresearchersexpecttobuildaplatformtoshareit.【点睛】[高分句型1]：Toreducecheatinginremoteonlinetests,distancedonlinetestingisintroducedintoday’sScienceofLearning.运用了不定式作目的状语并对原文第一段和第二段第一句进行了概括。其中不定式作目的状语表达高级。[高分句型2]：Itminimizesonlinecheatingthroughdiscreteoptimizationbasedonstudents’abilities.用过去分词短语作后置定语对第二段第二句进行了概括，表达非常高级。V.TranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish,usingthewordsgiveninthebrackets.72.他是勉强答应了，可他如果到时候食言了，又该如何？(whatif)(汉译英)【答案】Hereluctantlyagreed,butwhatifhebreaks/broke/shouldbreakhispromise/wordatthe/thattime?【解析】

29【详解】考查固定句式。食言：breakone'spromise/word。whatif用于提出假设时，意思是“假若……”“假若……怎么办”“要是……将会怎么样”，其后句子可用陈述语气（用一般现在时），也可用虚拟语气（用一般过去时或should+动词原形）。再根据汉语提示的其他词汇可知答案为：Hereluctantlyagreed,butwhatifhebreaks/broke/shouldbreakhispromise/wordatthe/thattime?73.每当想到要单枪匹马去陌生的国度为生存打拼，他就觉得有点吃不消。(it)(汉译英)【答案】Wheneverhethoughtofgoingtoastrange/foreigncountrytowork/strive/fightforsurvivalalone/byhimself/onhisown,hefeltit(was)alittle(bit)hard/difficultforhim(toendureit).【解析】【详解】考查动词时态，代词，短语，和时间状语从句。分析句子可知，主句的主语是他，译为“he”，谓语觉得，译为“feel”，有点吃不消，可以宾语从句或者不定式为宾语，用it作为形式主语来代替不定式，根据其他汉语提示，译为“itwasalittle(bit)hard/difficultforhim(toendureit)”；从句为时间状语从句，每当，译为“whenever”，从句主语是他，谓语想到，短语“thinkof”，根据语境，可知为一般过去时，再根据其他汉语提示，故翻译为Wheneverhethoughtofgoingtoastrange/foreigncountrytowork/strive/fightforsurvivalalone/byhimself/onhisown,hefeltit(was)alittle(bit)hard/difficultforhim(toendureit).74.尽管年过半百，他还是坚信自己可以轻而易举登上塔顶，欣赏祖国的大好河山。(convince)(汉译英)【答案】Although/Though/Whileheis/wasover/morethan50yearsold/ofage(Inspiteof/Despitehisbeingover/morethan50yearsold/ofage),heis/wasstillfirmlyconvincedthathecan/couldclimb/reachthetopofthetowerwithease/withoutanydifficultyand/toappreciate(…,appreciating)thegreat/beautifulriversandmountainsofhismotherland.【解析】【分析】【详解】考查连词、动词、短语和让步状语。表示“虽然”可用用连词although/though/while或者介词inspiteof/despite；表示“年过半百”可用over/morethan50yearsold/ofage；表示“坚信”用动词is/wasstillfirmlyconvinced；“登上塔顶”用动词短语climb/reachthetopofthetower表示；“祖国的大好河山”用短语hegreat/beautifulriversandmountainsofhismotherland表示。分析汉语原文，该句前部分可以处理成让步状语或让步状语从句，后部分可以处理成动词不定式表示目的或成现在分词作伴随状语。故翻译为：Although/Though/Whileheis/wasover/morethan50yearsold/ofage(Inspiteof/Despitehisbeingover/morethan50yearsold/ofage),heis/wasstillfirmlyconvincedthathecan/couldclimb/reachthetopofthetowerwithease/withoutanydifficultyand/toappreciate(…,appreciating)thegreat/beautifulriversandmountainsofhismotherland.。75.

30仅耗时短短数载，能工巧匠们就让这座曾经落寞不堪、早已被人淡忘的江南古镇重现了昔日的辉煌，令人叹为观止。(restore)(汉译英)【答案】Ithastaken/tookonlyafew/severalyearsforskilledworkers/craftsmentorestorethiseverlonelyandlongforgottenancienttowninthesouthoftheYangtze/ChangjiangRivertoitsformerglory,whichis/wasamazing.Ithastaken/tookonlyafew/severalyearsforskilledworkers/craftsmentorestorethisancienttownthathadeverbeenlonelyandhadlongbeenforgotteninthesouthoftheYangtze/ChangjiangRivertoitsformerglory,whichis/wasamazing.【解析】【详解】考查it作形式主语、动词、定语从句。“耗时数载”翻译为ittakesseveralyearstodo,“能工巧匠“可以用skilledworkers或者skilledcraftsmen，“落寞不堪”译为lonely，“早已被人淡忘”译为longforgotten，“江南古镇”译为anancienttowninthesouthoftheYangtze/ChangjiangRiver，“重现了昔日的辉煌”译为restoresthtoitsformerglory，“令人叹为观止”翻译为amazing，该部分可用非限制性定语从句来表达，“这座曾经落寞不堪、早已被人淡忘的江南古镇”可以用形容词短语everlonelyandlongforgotten修饰ancienttown，也可以用定语从句ancienttownthathadeverbeenlonelyandhadlongbeenforgotten，另外整个句子陈述现实情况，故可用一般现在时，也可以用一般过去时描述过去的事情，故翻译为Ithastaken/tookonlyafew/severalyearsforskilledworkers/craftsmentorestorethiseverlonelyandlongforgottenancienttowninthesouthoftheYangtze/ChangjiangRivertoitsformerglory,whichis/wasamazing.或者Ithastaken/tookonlyafew/severalyearsforskilledworkers/craftsmentorestorethisancienttownthathadeverbeenlonelyandhadlongbeenforgotteninthesouthoftheYangtze/ChangjiangRivertoitsformerglory,whichis/wasamazing.VI.GuidedWriting76.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120-150wordsaccordingtotheinstructionsgivenbelowinChinese.假定你是明启中学的高中学生李华。某电视台线上学习节目打算增设两个栏目。初步拟定从“ReadingforFun”、“TextbookLearning”、“HomeworkGuidance”、“OnlineListening”以及“QuestionsandAnswers”五个栏目中选取两个，特此向所有在线学习者征求意见。请你给电视台写封邮件，推荐两个栏目。邮件内容须包括:1)你推荐的两个栏目；2)你推荐这两个栏目的理由。注意:作文中不得出现你本人的姓名、班级及学校等真实信息。

31【答案】Deareditors,Iknowyou’regoingtosetupnewprogramsonline.SoI’mwritingtosuggesttwoprograms---“ReadingforFun”and“HomeworkGuidance”asanonlinelearner.Firstofall,Ithinkreadingisofgreatsignificancetothewholelifeofpeople.“ReadingforFun”cancreateagoodlanguageenvironmentforonlinelearners,broadentheirhorizons,andencouragethemtoabsorbrichlanguage,inorderthatlearnerscanbetterusethelanguage.Secondly,homeworkallowsustomasterwhatwehavelearned,whichcandeepenunderstandingandmemory.However,manyofourstudents’parentsareusuallybusyandhavenotimetoguidetheirhomework.Andstudentsdohomeworkathome,wheretherenoteachers.“HomeworkGuidance”notonlycanhelpcompletehomework,butalsocanimprovetheenthusiasmofstudents.Besides,undertheguidanceoftheprogram,studentscandevelopgoodstudyhabitsandnotworryabouttheirhomeworkanymore.That'swhyIrecommendthetwoprograms.Iamsuretheywillbewell-receivedbytheonlinelearners.Ihopeyoucantakemysuggestionintoconsideration.Sincerelyyours,LiHua【解析】【分析】本篇书面表达属于应用文，要求考生给电视台写封邮件，推荐两个栏目，并写出推荐这两个栏目的理由。【详解】词汇积累建议：suggest→propose→advise鼓励：encourage→urge有益的：helpful→significant→beofgreatsignificance培养：develop→bringup2.句式拓展简单句变复合句原句：However,manyofourstudents’parentsareusuallybusyandhavenotimetoguidetheirhomework.拓展句：However,manyofourstudents’parentsareusuallybusy,whohavenotimetoguidetheirhomework.【点睛】[高分句型1]Secondly,homeworkallowsustomasterwhatwehavelearned,whichcandeepenunderstandingandmemory.(运用了what引导的宾语从句和which引导的非限制性定语从句)[高分句型2]That'swhyIrecommendthetwoprograms.(运用了why引导的表语从句)