DLT893-2004电站汽轮机名词术语

《DLT893-2004电站汽轮机名词术语》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。

ICS01.040.01F20RIL中华人民共和国电力行业标准DL/T893一2004电站汽轮机名词术语Steamturbineterminologyofpowerplant2004-10-20发布2005-04-01实施中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会发布

1DL/T8932004目次前言·............................................................................................................·········一11范围···。1甲·，，··‘····，，·，··“···，·，····‘·····，··········，····‘·，·，，，·-·、·，，，，，··“、··，，，。。··，，，，·-·。···，·，·⋯汽轮机·······················································································。··，···················⋯⋯2.1汽轮机种类与型式2.2汽轮机一般术语与原理·····················，，·········，，，·········，··、········，··‘·······，···········，·.········，，二32.3汽轮机本体结构及零部件·····························································⋯⋯‘····⋯⋯“‘.‘·⋯⋯’‘5，0..2.4通流部分热力气动设计·‘······，，，·······一“······，⋯““·”·，二‘·”，’“”·‘，’“““”，”““““”’“，4.2.5汽轮机主要零部件的强度与振动162.6本体阀门及管道。····，，，········，，，，········，·，···‘···，，，一182.7调节、保安和控制系统.........···········。一212.8本体辅助设备··⋯⋯········，··」...........232.9···。···................262.10··········.............282.11性能与试验··，，·‘1···，，，一31........................31........4·。·········4二32·‘····，，，····‘····，，·一32·........········。···。二32⋯⋯，，.······。··，，一33.......................35。······..·。·。·······。二364‘·，，，，-“·，，，，，一3了.........。····。·。···，二38......................一3851······，，·········，·一38加热器种类与形式52·····....·。·。········。一39加热器结构··⋯53·。·。···，···‘······，，，·40加热器辅助设备54。····。····，‘···。·····，一40加热器性能与试验5...⋯⋯，·····。·····""41加热器运行与维护6给水除氧设备·‘·，，，，·。·，，，甲，一4261·······................4262.⋯⋯，，·········。，二4263·。。。·····，··‘。··。···，·，"43除氧设备运行64.........................43除氧设备性能附录A(资料性附录)静叶栅汽流与结构参数图·1···，，·，·41····，，，一44....⋯⋯，··。··......一45中文汉语拼音索引....⋯⋯，······.....，"54英文对应词目索引

2DL/T893一2004前言本标准是根据原国家经贸委电力司《关于确认1999年度电力行业标准制、修订计划项目的通知》(电力仁2000]22号文)的安排制定的。编写本标准时参照了GB2900.46-1983《电工名词术语汽轮机及其附属装置》和国际标准IEC45-11991(SteamturbinePart1:Specification)(汽轮机第1部分:规范)，力求符合我国的国情并与国际标准接轨。本标准的附录A是资料性附录。本标准由中国电力企业联合会提出。本标准由电力行业电站汽轮机标准化技术委员会归口并负责解释。本标准起草单位:国电热工研究院、西安交通大学。本标准丰要韶草人:干国才、俞茂铮、荒师让、徐廷相、苗迈金、孙弼、刘安、孔健。

3DL/T893一2004电站汽轮机名词术语1范围本标准规定了电站汽轮机专用名词术语及其定义。本标准适用于电力行业制定标准及编写技术文件，编写和翻译专业手册、教材及书刊时也可参照使用。2汽轮机2.1汽轮机种类与型式2.1.1汽轮机steamturbine蒸汽透平使蒸汽膨胀将热能转换为机械能的、具有叶片的旋转式动力机械。2.1.2冲动式汽轮机impulseturbine大多数级的蒸汽主要在喷嘴或静叶栅中进行膨胀的汽轮机。2.1.3反动式汽轮机reactionturbine大多数级的蒸汽在喷嘴(或静叶栅)和动叶栅中都进行膨胀的汽轮机。2.1.4轴流式汽轮机axialflowturbine蒸汽基本上沿轴向流动的汽轮机。2.1.5辐流式汽轮机radialflowturbine蒸汽基本上沿径向流动的汽轮机。2.1.6凝汽式汽轮机condensingturbine排汽直接进入凝汽器的汽轮机。2.1.7背压式汽轮机backpressureturbine将高于大气压力的排汽用于供热或其他用途的汽轮机。2.1.8抽汽式汽轮机extractionturbine从汽轮机级后抽出部分蒸汽供用户使用的汽轮机。2.1.9调节抽汽式汽轮机regulatedextractionturbine抽汽压力可以调节的抽汽式汽轮机。2.1.10热电联产汽轮机cogenerationturbine1

4DL/T893一2004能同时承担供热和发电两项任务的汽轮机。2.1.11回热式汽轮机regenerativeturbine有部分蒸汽从汽轮机级后抽出加热锅炉给水的汽轮机。2.1.12再热式汽轮机reheatturbine蒸汽在膨胀过程中从汽轮机引出，经再次加热后重新返回，继续膨胀作功的汽轮机。2.1.13低压汽轮机lowpressureturbine主蒸汽压力在1.5MPa以下的汽轮机。2.1.14中压汽轮机medium-pressureturbine主蒸汽压力在3.4MPa左右的汽轮机。2.1.15高压汽轮机highpressureturbine主蒸汽压力为9.OMPa左右的汽轮机。2.1.16超高压汽轮机super-highpressureturbine主蒸汽压力为12.OMPa-14.OMPa的汽轮机。2.1.17亚临界汽轮机subcriticalpressureturbine主蒸汽压力接近于临界压力(一般高于16.OMPa，又低于临界压力22.1MPa)的汽轮机。2.1.18超临界汽轮机supercriticalpressureturbine主蒸汽压力高于临界压力(一般高于24.OMPa，低于28.OMPa)的汽轮机。2.1.19超超临界汽轮机ultrasupercriticalturbine主蒸汽压力达到28.OMPa以上，或主蒸汽温度或/和再热蒸汽温度为593℃及以上的超临界汽轮机。2.1.20多压式汽轮机multipressureturbine;mixedpressureturbine向同一台汽轮机的不同压力级分别注入相应压力的蒸汽，从而膨胀作功的汽轮机2.1.21单轴汽轮机tandemcompoundturbine多缸汽轮机各汽缸的轴串联为一个轴系的汽轮机。2.1.22双轴汽轮机crosscompoundturbine多缸汽轮机各汽缸的转子分列为两组，分别采用串联方式连接的汽轮机。2.1.23基本负荷汽轮机base-loadturbine长期以额定负荷或接近该负荷运行的汽轮机。2.1.24空冷式汽轮机drycoolingturbine采用空气带走排汽凝结时放出热量的汽轮机。

5DL/T893一20042.1.25前盖式汽轮机superposedturbine排汽作为其他汽轮机进汽的一种背压式汽轮机。2.1.26饱和蒸汽汽轮机saturatedsteamturbine湿蒸汽汽轮机wetsteamturbine主蒸汽为饱和或接近饱和状态的汽轮机。2.1.27地热汽轮机geothermalsteamturbine利用地热能产生的蒸汽作为工质的汽轮机2.1.28核电汽轮机nuclearsteamturbine利用核能产生的蒸汽作为工质的汽轮机。2.1.29联合循环汽轮机combinedcyclesteamturbine在燃气一蒸汽联合循环中使用的汽轮机。2.1.30调峰汽轮机peakregulationturbine通过机组起停或调整负荷，以适应电网负荷变化要求的汽轮机。2.2汽轮机一般术语与原理2.2.1主蒸汽initialsteam汽轮机主汽阀进口处的蒸汽。2.2.2再热蒸汽reheatsteam从汽轮机中抽出引至锅炉再热器加热后的蒸汽2.2.3抽汽extractionsteam自汽轮机某级后抽出的蒸汽。2.2.4回热抽汽regenerativeextractionsteam用来加热锅炉(或蒸汽发生器)给水的抽汽。2.2.5调节抽汽regulatedextractionsteam调整抽汽自汽轮机某级后抽出，并控制在一定压力范围内供给用户的蒸汽2.2.6扫卜汽exhauststeam从汽轮机低压缸排出的蒸汽。2.2.7热电比ratioofheattoelectricity以同一单位表不热电联产汽轮机装置的供热量与供电量之比。

6DL/T893一20042.2.8蒸汽参数steamconditions确定蒸汽热力状态的参数，通常是(静)压力和温度或干度。2.2.9过热度degreeofsuperheat过热蒸汽的温度和与其压力所对应的饱和温度的差值。2.2.10抽汽参数extractionsteamconditions汽轮机抽汽口处的蒸汽参数。2.2.11额定蒸汽参数ratedsteamconditions合同中规定的汽轮机蒸汽参数，通常包括主蒸汽、再热蒸汽、排汽、抽汽参数等。2.2.12再热蒸汽参数reheatsteamconditions热段再热蒸汽参数再热汽阀进口处的蒸汽参数。2.2.13冷再热蒸汽参数coldreheatsteamconditions冷段再热蒸汽参数再热汽轮机高压缸排汽口处蒸汽参数。2.2.14终端参数terminalconditions合同中规定的汽轮机或汽轮发电机组终端点参数。通常包括主蒸汽和再热蒸汽参数、冷段再热蒸汽压力、最终给水温度、排汽压力、输出功率、转速、抽汽等参数。2.2.15主蒸汽流量initialsteamflowrate进入汽轮机主汽阀的蒸汽流量。2.2.16设计工况designconditions设计汽轮机通流部分尺寸所依据的工况，一般是使汽轮机获得最大内效率的工况。2.2.17变工况。tRdesignconditions不同于设计工况的其他工况。2.2.18额定功率turbineratedpowerornameplateload(TRL)铭牌功率汽轮机在规定的热力系统和补水率、额定参数(含转速、主蒸汽和再热蒸汽的压力、温度)及规定的对应于夏季高循环水温度的排汽压力等终端参数条件下，保证在寿命期内任何时间，在额定功率因数、额定氢压下，发电机出线端能安全、连续地输出的功率。2.2.19经济功率mosteconomicalcontinuousrating(ECR)在规定的终端参数下热耗率或汽耗率达到最低时的功率。

7DL/T893一20042.2.20额定转速ratedspeed设计规定的运行转速2.2.21全周进汽full-arcadmission蒸汽通过布置在整个圆周上的喷嘴或静叶进汽的方式。2.2.22部分进汽partial-arcadmission蒸汽通过布置在部分圆周上的喷嘴或静叶进汽的方式。2.2.23部分进汽度partial-arcadmissiondegree蒸汽通过的喷嘴或静叶栅在平均直径处所占的弧段长度与平均直径处圆周长度之比。2.2.24等嫡焙降isentropicenthalpydrop理想焙降idealenthalpydrop蒸汽等嫡膨胀时，从初始滞止热力状态点到终止热力状态点的比焙差值。2.2.25理想功率idealpower在单位时间内蒸汽的等嫡焙降所转换成的机械功。2.2.26实际焙降actualenthalpydrop蒸汽实际膨胀时，蒸汽从初始滞止热力状态点到终止热力状态点的比烩差值。2.2.27轮周功wheelwork在汽轮机级中，蒸汽对动叶所作的功。2.2.28轮周效率wheelefficiency级的单位质量蒸汽所做轮周功与等墒焙降之比。2.2.29轴端功率shaftpower汽轮机轴端输出的功率。2.2.30内功率internalpower单位时间内在汽轮机(或级)中蒸汽实际焙降所转换成的机械功。2.2.31内效率internalefficiency实际烩降与等嫡焙降之比。2.2.32机械效率mechanicalefficiency汽轮机轴端功率与内功率之比2.3汽轮机本体结构及零部件2.3.1蒸汽室steamchest

8DL/T893一2004蒸汽通过主汽阀后进入调节汽阀前，为均衡汽流而设置的腔室。2.3.2汽缸casing;cylinder承受压力，包容转子并供安装持环、隔板、静叶、汽封等零部件的壳体。2.3.3筒形汽缸barreltypecasing呈筒形的无水平法兰的汽缸。2.3.4喷嘴nozzle喷管通常指汽轮机第一级的静叶片(栅)2.3.5喷嘴室nozzlechamber调节(汽)阀后喷嘴组前的腔室。2.3.6叶片blade使蒸汽的热能有效地转换为动能或机械功，并对汽流起导向作用的零件。2.3.7静叶(片)statorblade隔板、汽缸等静止部件上的叶片，其功能是使蒸汽的热能有效地转换为动能并对汽流起导向作用。2.3.8导(向)叶(片)guideblade主要起改变汽流方向作用的静叶。2.3.9动叶(片)movingblade;rotorblade装在转子上的叶片，其主要功能是使蒸汽动能和热能有效地转换为机械功。2.3.10隔板diaphragm装有静叶片的两半圆环或整圆环。2.3.11旋转隔板rotatingdiaphragm通过转动安置在静叶前的旋转环改变静叶通流面积，以控制抽汽量的隔板。2.3.12静叶环statorbladering反动式汽轮机中，全级静叶片沿周向分成若干弧段的环状组合体。2.3.13导叶环guidebladering由导向叶片组成的环状部件。2.3.14静叶环套statorbladecarrierring外缘嵌装在汽缸槽内，安装多级静叶环的中间支撑体。2.3.15隔板套diaphragmcarrierring

9DL/T893一2004外缘嵌装在汽缸槽内，安装多级隔板的中间支撑体。2.3.16围带shroud位于叶片顶部，用于改善叶片振动特性和应力水平并减少叶顶漏气的覆盖体。2.3.17叶栅cascade由叶片按一定规律排列形成汽流通道的组合体。2.3.18直叶片straightblade沿叶高的叶型相同或相似、安装角不变且横截面形心连线与径向线一致的叶片。2.3.19扭叶片twistedblade叶型和安装角(或只是安装角)沿叶高按一定规律变化的叶片。2.3.20弯曲叶片bowedblade横截面形心连线按一定规律偏离径向位置的叶片。2.3.21复合弯扭叶片compoundbowedandtwistedblade兼有弯叶片和扭叶片特性的叶片。2.3.22斜置叶片sidelingplacedblade倾斜叶片出气边沿周向相对径向线倾斜一定角度的静叶片。2.3.23后加载叶片aftloadingblade工质能量转换主要在叶栅通道后半部分完成的叶片，可以减弱通道二次流强度，减少叶栅通道K总损失。2.3.24锁口叶片lockingblade末叶片finalblade叶根沿轮槽周向安装时，最后装入轮盘或转子体以某种特殊方法固定，并对整圈叶片起锁紧作用的叶片。2.3.25轮盘disc安装动叶用的圆盘体。2.3.26拉筋lacingwire拉金位于叶片中部起调频和阻尼作用的连接件。2.3.27叶轮bladedisk;bladewheel装有动叶的轮盘。

10DL/T893一20042.3.28锁口件lockingpiece最后装入叶轮，以某种特殊方法固定，并对叶片起紧固作用的构件。2.3.29自由叶片free-standingblade叶轮上不用围带、拉筋连接的叶片。2.3.30整体围带叶片integralshroudblade围带与叶片一体加工构成的总体。2.3.31转子rotor包含动叶片及传递汽轮机机械功的所有旋转部件的总体。2.3.32转子体rotorwithoutblades未装动叶片的转子。2.3.33整锻转子integralrotor;monoblockrotor转子体为整体锻造的转子口2.3.34焊接转子weldeddiscrotor转子体由几个锻件焊接而成的转子。2.3.35套装转子shrunkonrotor转子体的轮盘采用热套方式装配的转子。2.3.36鼓型转子drumrotor转鼓通常为反动式汽轮机采用的呈鼓形的转子体。2.3.37主轴mainshaft用于套装叶轮并传递机械功的旋转构件。2.3.38汽封steamseal防止蒸汽从动、静部件之间的间隙处过量泄漏，或空气从轴端处漏入汽缸的密封装置。2.3.39叶片汽封bladeseal减少转子与静叶环或动叶环与静子之间漏汽的汽封。2.3.40隔板汽封diaphragmseal减少隔板内圆面与转子之间漏汽的汽封。2.3.41轴封shaftgland;shaftendseal减少转子两端穿过汽缸部位处漏汽的汽封。

11DL/T893一20042.3.42曲径汽封labyrinthgland;labyrinthseal;labyrinthpacking迷宫汽封形成曲折密封通道的汽封。2.3.43蜂窝式汽封beehivegland;beehiveseal;beehivepacking利用蜂窝状元件减少漏汽的汽封。2.3.44自调整汽封selfadjustinggland利用蒸汽压差变化，自动调整漏汽间隙的汽封2.3.45联轴器coupling汽轮发电机组各转子相互连接的部件。2.3.46轴系shafting由多根转子串联连接而成的组合体。2.3.47支持轴承journalbearing径向轴承承受汽轮机转子径向载荷的滑动轴承。2.3.48推力轴承.rustbearing止推轴承承受汽轮机转子轴向载荷的滑动轴承。2.3.49推力径向轴承thrustjournalbearing推力一支持联合轴承同时承受汽轮机转子轴向载荷和径向载荷的滑动轴承。2.3.50轴承座bearingpedestal轴承箱bearinghousing装在汽轮机汽缸体或基础上用来支撑轴承的构件。2.3.51推力盘thrustcolar将转子轴向推力传递到推力轴承上的圆盘。2.3.52平衡活塞dummypiston反动式汽轮机中，形成反向蒸汽压差用来减少汽轮机轴向推力的装置。2.3.53去湿装置moistureremovaldevice;moisturecatcher汽轮机中处于湿蒸汽区域工作的通流部分，采用分离、抽吸和加热等方法降低蒸汽湿度的装置。2.3.54排汽缸exhausthood

12DL/T893一2004排汽室exhauststeamcasing引导末级排汽至汽轮机出口的通流壳体。2.3.55滑销系统slidingkeysystem为使汽轮机的汽缸定向自由膨胀或收缩，并保持机组各部件正确的相对位置，在汽缸与基座之间所设置的一系列滑键。2.3.56死点anchorpoint;deadpoint转子和汽缸(静子)在加热和冷却过程中产生热膨胀和冷收缩的基准点。2.3.57绝对死点absoluteanchorpoint汽缸相对于基础的膨胀和收缩基准点。2.3.58相对死点relativeanchorpoint转子相对于静子(某点)膨胀和收缩的基准点。通常被选在转子推力盘处。对于双层缸，存在内缸相对外缸的死点。2.4通流部分热力气动设计2.4.1通流部分through-flowparts;steampath蒸汽流道从主汽阀进口到汽轮机排汽口汽流通道的部件组合，主要由进汽机构、叶栅和排汽缸等部件组成。2.4.2热力过程曲线thermalprocesscurve汽轮机膨胀过程线turbineexpansionline流经通流部分膨胀作功的蒸汽，在焙嫡图或温嫡图上所表示的热力状态点的连线，2.4.3恰降分配distributionofenthalpydrop汽轮机作功蒸汽的等嫡焙降在各级之间的分配。2.4.4重热系数reheatfactor多级汽轮机各级的等嫡焙降之和与整机等嫡焙降值的差值，与整机等墒焙降值之比。2.4.5级stage汽轮机中由静叶栅和动叶栅组成的实现蒸汽能量转换的基本工作单元2.4.6速度级velocitystage在较小的速比下工作的、一个叶轮上有两列或两列以上动叶的汽轮机级。2.4.7调节级governingstage采用喷嘴调节的汽轮机第一级2.4.8单列级singlerowstage只有一排静叶栅和一排动叶栅的汽轮机级。

13DL/T893一20042.4.9复速级doublerowstage有一排喷嘴和两排动叶栅，在两排动叶栅之间还有一排转向导叶的速度级。2.4.10余速leavingvelocity蒸汽离开汽轮机级时的绝对速度2.4.11余速利用系数utilizationfactorofleavingvelocity多级汽轮机中本级的余速动能为后一级所利用的部分与本级余速动能之比2.4.12反动度reactiondegree动叶栅中的等嫡焙降与级的等嫡焙降之比。2.4.13冲动级impulsestage反动度较小带有隔板的级。2.4.14反动级reactionstage反动度为0.5左右、带导叶环的级。2.4.15理想速度idealjetvelocity与级的等嫡焙降对应的汽流速度。2.4.16速比velocityratio汽轮机级规定截面处的动叶片圆周速度与静叶栅(喷嘴)的出口汽流速度或级理想速度之比值。2.4.17最佳速比optimumvelocityratio级内效率最高时的速比。2.4.18速度系数velocitycoefficient叶栅出口的蒸汽实际速度与理想速度之比值。2.4.19流量系数flowcoefficient汽流通过叶栅时的实际流量与理论流量之比值。2.4.20型面损失profileloss,由叶片型面边界层中的摩擦、脱离、尾迹的涡流等现象引起的能量损失2.4.21端部损失bladeendloss由于叶栅端壁边界层和二次流的影响，叶栅端部的损失超过型面损失的部分。2.4.22冲波损失shockloss激波损失由于超音速流产生冲波而形成的一种能量损失。

14DL/T893一20042.4.23静叶栅损失statorcascadeloss静叶栅中静叶型面损失与端部损失之和。2.4.24动叶栅损失movingcascadeloss动叶栅中动叶型面损失与端部损失之和。2.4.25冲角”损失incidenceloss攻角损失由于汽流进汽角与叶片进口几何角不一致而引起的叶栅附加损失。2.4.26余速损失leavingvelocityloss动叶栅出口处的汽流所具有的动能。2.4.27速度三角形velocitytriangle将动叶栅进出口的汽流速度和动叶轮周速度按一定比例绘出的矢量图。2.4.28轮盘摩擦损失discfrictionloss轮盘转动时，与其周围的蒸汽产生摩擦，并带动这部分蒸汽运动所消耗的一部分有用功。2.4.29鼓风损失windageloss在部分进汽级中，由于动叶栅在不进汽部分的蒸汽中运动时发生的一种风扇作用所消耗掉的一部分有用功。2.4.30弧端损失arcendloss部分进汽级中，在动叶栅进入进汽弧段时汽流排斥和加速呆滞在汽道中的蒸汽造成的损失，以及在进汽弧段两端汽流因周向流动所消耗的能量损失之和。2.4.31漏汽损失leakageloss蒸汽通过转子与静子部分之间的间隙产生漏汽而引起的损失，分为隔板漏汽损失、轴端漏汽损失和叶顶及叶根漏汽损失等。2.4.32湿汽损失moistureloss汽轮机级在湿蒸汽区工作产生的附加损失，一般包括过饱和损失、汽流阻力损失、制动损失和疏水损失。2.4.33节流损失throttlingloss由于节流作用引起的蒸汽压力下降而造成的能量损失。2.4.34机械损失mechanicalloss汽轮机及被驱动机器的轴承为克服摩擦阻力而消耗的功。1)参见附录A12

15DL/T893一20042.4.35叶型bladeprorile静叶或动叶工作部分的横剖面形状。2.4.36叶(片)高(度)bladeheight叶片工作部分的高度。2.4.37叶宽1)bladewidth叶栅进出汽边额线之间的垂直距离。2.4.38弦长”chordlength叶型在弦线上的投影长度。2.4.39节距’)pitch叶栅中相邻两叶片上对应点之间的距离。2.4.40安装角”staggerangle叶型弦线与额线之间的夹角。2.4.41喉宽throatopening叶栅中相邻叶片间通道的最小宽度。2.4.42喉部面积throatarea叶栅喉宽处的面积。2.4.43出口面积outletarea叶栅通道出口处的环形面积。2.4.44面积比arearatio级的动叶栅喉部面积与静叶栅喉部面积之比。2.4.45相对节距relativepitch节距与弦长之比。2.4.46相对叶高relativebladeheight;aspectratio展弦比叶高与弦长之比。2.4.47进汽角’)inletflowangle进口汽流角静〔动〕叶栅进口处汽流绝对〔相对〕速度的方向与额线之间的夹角。1)参见附录Ao

16DL/T893一20042.4.48出汽角voutletflowangle出口汽流角静〔动〕叶栅出口处汽流绝对「相对」速度的方向与额线之间的夹角。2.4.49进口几何角’)inletgeometricangle叶型进日角叶型中弧线在前缘点的切线与叶栅额线之间的夹角2.4.50出口n何角voutletgeometricangle叶型出口角叶型中弧线在后缘点的切线与叶栅额线之间的夹角。2.4.51冲角vincidence;attackangle攻角叶型进口几何角与进口汽流角之差。2.4.52汽流落后角‘，flowlagangle出口汽流角与叶型出口几何角之差。2.4.53汽流折转角‘，flowturningangle叶栅的进汽与出汽速度矢量之夹角。2.4.54径高比diameter-lengthratio级平均直径与叶片高度之比。2.5汽轮机主要零部件的强度与振动2.5.1叶片2.5.1.1蒸汽(静)弯应力steam(static)bendingstress蒸汽流过叶片产生的汽流力在叶片横截面上所引起的弯应力。2.5.1.2叶片(离心)拉应力bladecentrifugaltensilestress由动叶片、围带及拉筋质量所产生的离心力在叶片中引起的拉应力。2.5.1.3叶片偏心弯应力bladecentrifugalbendingstress当动叶片工作部分的质心与径向基准面不重合时，离心力在叶片中引起的弯应力口2.5.1.4叶片调频bladetuning对叶片的基本振型固有振动频率或激振力频率进行调整，使它们不相等并错开，处于一定安全范围的工艺。t)参见附录A14

17DL/T893一20042.5.1.5叶片共振bladeresonantvibration当作用于叶片上的激振力频率与叶片固有振动频率相等或相近时，叶片产生的剧烈振动2.5.1.6长叶片颤振longbladeflutter在高背压、小容积流量的工况下运行时，叶片周围非稳定流场的气动力与振动着的叶片之间相互锅合引起的自激振动2.5.1.7不调频叶片untunedblade允许在共振条件下运行的叶片，其安全性校核主要考虑共振时的叶片动应力水平，而振动频率特性是次要的。2.5.1.8调频叶片tunedblade将固有振动频率与运行时可能发生的激振力频率调开的叶片，其安全性校核要对叶片振动频率特,It.和相应的动应力水平一并考核。2.5.1.9叶片一轮盘系统振动bladediskvibration轮系振动叶片和轮盘两种不同弹性体相祸合而产生的具有轮盘特性的振动形态。2.5.1.10叶片疲劳bladefatigue叶片材料在交变应力或交变应变作用下，某些部位的微观结构逐渐产生了不可逆变化，导致在一定的循环次数以后，形成宏观裂纹或发生断裂的过程。2.5.2转子2.5.2.1汽轮发电机组轴系turbine-generatorshaftsystem汽轮发电机组的各个转子用联轴器连接而成的组合体。2.5.2.2汽轮发电机组振动vibrationofturbine-generatorset发生在汽轮发电机组轴系上的弯曲和扭转振动。通常的机组振动或轴系振动即指弯曲振动(径向振动)2.5.2.3轴系扭振torsionalvibrationshaftsystem当汽轮发电机组轴系传递转矩时，在其各个断面上因所受转矩的不同而产生不同的角位移。当转矩受到瞬时千扰而突然卸载或加载时，轴系按固有扭振频率产生的扭转振动2.5.2.4轴系稳定性shaftingstability汽轮发电机组轴系在工作中维持稳定运行的性能。轴系中的工作参数如转速、动静间隙等变化时，会影响转子轴承系统的稳定性能，使机组发生自激振动。2.5.2.5转子共振转速rotorvibrationresonancespeed当转子不平衡力产生的激振力频率与支承系统固有频率一致时，引起共振所对应的转谏。

18刀LIT893一20042.5.2.6转子临界转速rotorcriticalspeed当激振力频率与转子弯曲振动固有频率一致时所对应的转速。2.5.2.7刚性转子rigidrotor第一阶临界转速高于工作转速的转子。2.5.2.8挠性转子flexiblerotor第一阶临界转速低于工作转速的转子。2.5.2.9油膜振荡oilwhip因汽轮发电机组转子受滑动轴承油膜反作用力而引起的自激振动。2.5.2.10汽流激振steamflowexcitedvibration汽流涡动steamwhirl由动叶顶部沿周向不均匀泄漏流或汽封的间隙流引起的不平衡蒸汽作用力激发的转子低频自激振动2.5.2.11转子轴向推力rotoraxialthrust蒸汽作用在转子上的各种轴向力的总和。2.5.2.12转子静平衡rotorstaticbalancing调整转子的质量分布，使其在静止状态下测得的质心相对几何中心的偏移量处于允许范围的工艺。2.5.2.13转子动平衡rotordynamicbalancing调整转子的质量分布，使其在旋转状态下测得的质心偏移回转中心引起的力与力矩的不平衡量处于允许范围的工艺。2.5.2.14热跑试验hotrunningtest:heatindicationtest为验证汽轮机转子受热后的变形情况，在制造过程中所进行的使主轴、转子体边旋转边加热的试验。2.6本体阀门及管道2.6.1主汽阀mainstopvalve使主蒸汽进入汽轮机并能快速关闭的阀门。2.6.2调节(汽)阀governingvalve;controlvalve位于主汽阀后，调节进汽流量以控制汽轮机功率的阀门。2.6.3再热(汽)阀reheatstopvalve使再热蒸汽进入汽轮机并能快速关闭的阀门。2.6.4再热调节(汽)阀interceptvalve

19DL/T893一2004位于再热汽阀之后，控制再热蒸汽流量的阀门。2.6.5联合汽阀combinedvalve主汽阀与调节汽阀组合成一体的阀门。2.6.6调节抽汽阀regulatingextractionsteamvalve用来控制调节抽汽汽轮机抽汽量的阀门。2.6.7再热联合汽阀combinedreheatvalve再热汽阀与再热调节汽阀组合成一体的阀门。2.6.8预启阀equalizingvalve为减轻阀门提升力设置的可预先开启的旁通阀。2.6.9抽汽逆止阀extractioncheckvalve防止蒸汽和水由抽汽管向汽轮机倒流的关闭阀。2.6.10过载阀overloadvalve超负荷运行或低参数运行时，向汽轮机送入超过额定蒸汽流量的阀门。2.6.11危急排汽阀emergencyblowdownvalve汽轮机紧急停机时，使再热器及再热蒸汽管道中的剩余蒸汽经减温减压装置排入凝汽器或排空的阀门。2.6.12疏7k阀drainvalve;draincock排除疏水的阀门。2.6.13配汽机构steamdistributinggear调节汽阀及其提升机构的总称。2.6.14主蒸汽管mainsteampipe将主蒸汽从锅炉或蒸汽发生器出口引至汽轮机主汽阀之间的连接的管道。2.6.15再热蒸汽管reheatsteampipe从汽轮机高压缸排汽口将冷再热蒸汽(高压缸排汽)输送到锅炉再热器进口的管道，及将热再热蒸汽从再热器出口引向中压汽缸的管道。若采用二级再热，则还应包括中压缸排汽送入锅炉再热并返回低压缸的管道。2.6.16联通管crossoverpipe多缸汽轮机中用于连接相邻汽缸的蒸汽管道。2.6.17疏水管drainpipe排除疏水的管道。

20DL/T893一20042.7调节、保安和捏制系统2.7.1调节系统governingsystem控制汽轮机转速和输出功率(或抽汽压力)，以维持机组正常运行的设备与仪器的组合。2.7.2机械液压调节系统mechanicalhydrauliccontrolsystem(MHC)按机械、液压原理设计的敏感元件、放大元件和液压执行机构等部件组成的汽轮机调节系统。2.7.3电液转换器electro-hydraulicservovalve将电信号转换为液压信号的机构2.7.4电气液压调节系统electro-hydrauliccontrolsystem(EHC)汽轮机的功率、转速等参数的电信号经综合与放大后，通过电子控制器、电液转换器操纵液压执行机构，以控制汽轮机运行的调节、保安系统2.7.5数字式卑液调节系统digitalelectro-hydrauliccontrolsystem(DEH)利用数字计算机实现电信号综合与放大，以控制汽轮机运行的调节、保安系统。2.7.6模拟式电液调节系统analogicalelectro-hydrauliccontrolsystem(AEH)利用模拟计算机或分立元件实现电信号综合与放大，以控制汽轮机运行的调节、保安系统。2.7.7调速器speedgovernor调速装置中感受汽轮机转速变化，并输出相应物理量变化信号使调节(汽)阀动作的转速敏感机构2.7.8机械离心式调速器mechanical-centrifugalspeedgovernor利用由主轴带动旋转的飞锤使其离心力与弹簧或钢带弹性力平衡而产生转速变化信号的调速器。2.7.9液压式调速器hydraulicspeedgovernor利用由主轴带动旋转的压力油输送装置的出口油压或进出口油压压差随转速变化的关系，产生转速变化信号的调速器。2.7.10调速泵governorimpeller脉冲泵由主轴直接带动的一种离心泵式液压式调速器。2.7.11旋转阻尼rotatingdamper旋转阻尼调速器由主轴直接带动的一种利用油柱离心力产生阻尼作用的液压式调速器。2.7.12电气式调速器electricalspeedgovernor利用电气元件产生主轴转速变化电信号的调速器。

21DL/T893一20042.7.13磁阻发生器speedpulser转速脉冲发生器利用磁阻变化产生转速变化电信号的电气式调速器。2.7.14放大器amplifier;magnifier将调节系统某一环节输出的位移、油压或电量等变化信号加以放大的装置。2.7.15油动机hydraulicservo-motor液压伺服装置调速装置中用来开、关主汽阀，控制调节〔汽)阀开度的液压执行机构，起液压功率放大器作用2.7.16错油门pilotvalve滑阀改变通往油动机油流路径的阀2.7.17同步器synchronizer转速变换器speedchanger可在一定范围内平移调节系统静特性曲线，以整定汽轮发电机组转速或改变负荷的装置。2.7.18同步电动机synchronizingmotor调速马达可以远距离控制的操作同步器的电动机。2.7.19自复位装置automaticrunbackdevice汽轮机甩负荷，转速超过某一定值时，将同步器自动调整到额定转速位置的装置。2.7.20负荷限制器loadlimiter功率限制器控制调节(汽)阀开度，使汽轮发电机组功率不超过给定值的装置。2.7.21调压器pressureregulator感受蒸汽压力变化并用来调整汽压的装置。2.7.22主蒸汽压力调节器mainsteampressureregulator当主蒸汽压力降低到一定值时，调整调节(汽)阀开度的装置。2.7.23抽汽压力调节装置extractionpressureregulator将调整抽汽压力神制在规定范围内，并维持汽轮发电机组功率不变的装置。2.7.24背压调节器backpressureregulator通过控制调节(汽)阀以维持汽轮机背压稳宁的装晋

22DL/T893一20042.7.25监视装置supervisoryequipment为保证汽轮发电机组正常运行，对其引发报警和跳闸信号的主要运行参数(转速、振动、轴向位移和胀差等)进行测量和监视的设备。2.7.26超速保护装ioverspeedtrippingdevice汽轮机转速超过额定转速一定值时，使汽轮发电机组紧急停机的各类机械或电气的保安装置。2.7.27危急遮断器emergencygovernor;overspeedgovernor危急保安器汽轮机转速超过额定转速一定值时立即动作，使汽轮发电机组紧急停机的机构。2.7.28危急遮断油门emergencygovernorpilotvalve危急保安油门危急遮断器动作后使主汽阀关闭的错油门。2.7.29电超速保护装置electricoverspeedtrippingdevice汽轮机转速超过额定转速一定值时，利用电磁力动作使汽轮机调节(汽)阀迅速关闭，维持机组在额定转速下运行的保安装置。2.7.30微分加速器diferentialaccelerator以转子加速度作为信号，使汽轮发电机组调节(汽)阀迅速关闭，维持机组在额定转速下运行的保安装置。2.7.31主脱扣器mastertrip汽轮发电机组运行中发生异常情况时，用手操作或用电信号远距离操作使汽轮机停机的保安装置。2.7.32闭锁装置lockoutdevice在汽轮机运行过程中进行危急遮断器试验时，防止汽轮机停机的装置。2.7.33低真空保护装置vacuumtripdevice凝汽器真空降低到一定值后使汽轮机减负荷运行或停机的装置。2.7.34真空破坏器vacuumbreaker汽轮机紧急停机时，为了破坏凝汽器真空而向排汽缸或凝汽器导入空气的装置。2.7.35润滑油压过低保护装ilowbearingoilpressuretrippingdevice润滑油压力低于规定值时使汽轮机停机的装置。2.7.36手动跳闸装置manualtrippingdevice汽轮机运行中发生异常情况时，直接手动停机的保安装置。2.7.37汽轮发电机组保护系统turbine-generatorprotectionsystem

23DL/T893一2004为防止汽轮发电机组本身或电网的故障危及机组安全的系统。2.7.38报警保护系统alarmandprotectionsystem汽轮发电机组在起动和运行过程中，主机或各系统主要参数超出正常值，或机组发生损伤及其他异常情况时，发出报警甚至停机等保护机组安全的系统。2.7.39自动起动控制系统automaticturbinestartupcontrol(ATC)按转子热应力和运行参数，优化设置升速率和升荷率，实现寿命管理，自动完成机组由盘车至带额定负荷的启动全过程。2.7.40低压缸喷水装置lowpressurecasingspray为防止低压排汽缸温度超过一定值而设置的向排汽缸喷水的冷却装置。2.7.41油动机行程指示器servomotorpositionindicator指示油动机行程的装置2.7.42轴向位移保护装置axialdisplacementlimitingdevice;rotorpositionlimitingdevice推力轴承巴氏合金磨损或熔化导致转子轴向位移超过极限值时，使汽轮机停机的装置。2.7.43轴向位移指示器shaftpositionindicator指示和记录转子轴向位移的仪器。2.7.44相对膨胀指示器differentialexpansionindicator胀差指示器指示和记录汽缸与转子膨胀差值的装置。2.7.45绝对膨胀指示器cylinderexpansionindicator指示和记录汽缸膨胀值的装置。2.7.46振动指示器vibrationindicator指示和记录汽轮机有关部位振动参数的仪器。2.8本体辅助设备2.8.1调节油系统controloilsystem采用液压调节或电液调节系统的汽轮机中，提供调节系统和保护系统等设备的油动机所用压力油的供油系统。2.8.2润滑油系统lubricatingoilsystem向汽轮发电机组轴承、传动装置及其辅助设备提供一定温度和压力的洁净润滑油，对设备进行润滑和冷却，以保证机组安全可靠运行的系统，包括油箱、油泵、滤油器、冷油器、阀门和管道等部件。2.8.3主油泵mainoilpump汽轮机运行时，为调节油系统及润滑油系统提供压力油的泵。

24DL/T893一20042.8.4辅助油泵auxiliaryoilpump在机组起停或主油泵发生故障时，为调节油系统及润滑油系统提供压力油的泵2.8.5事故油泵emergencyoilpump备用润滑油泵轴承油压过低时自动起动，供给润滑油的泵。2.8.6顶轴油泵jackingoilpump起动和停机时，为减轻转子的旋转摩擦力并保护轴颈和轴瓦而向轴承注入高压油的泵。2.8.7i由透平oilturbine用压力油驱动的小透平。2.8.8增压油泵boosteroilpump用油透平驱动向主油泵供给压力油的泵2.8.9液压蓄能器hydraulicaccumulator储存高压液体的容器，为液压系统提供周期性或瞬时所需的大量高压液体。2.8.10注油器oilejector射油器向主油泵进口或润滑油系统供油的注射装置。2.8.11油箱oiltank汽轮机调节油系统及润滑油系统中贮存一定油量的容器。2.8.12油箱排气装置oiltankgasexhauster排除油箱中的空气、湿气、油气等气体的装置。2.8.13油位指示器oillevelindicator油箱上表明存油量的机构。2.8.14冷油器oilcooler冷却润滑油的装置。2.8.15油净化装置oilpurificationdevice;oilconditiondevice滤油器oilstrainer对从油箱中连续不断地抽出的工作油进行过滤和净化处理，去除油中的水分和尘埃等杂质的装置。2.8.16盘车装置turninggear;bearinggear汽轮机起动前和停机后，为避免转子变形，使转子连续转动的装置

25DL/T893一20042.8.17轴封冷却器glandsteamcondenser使轴封漏汽凝结的装置。2.8.18轴封抽汽器glandsteamexhauster将轴封漏汽及吸入的空气抽入轴封冷却器使漏汽凝结，并将空气抽出的装置。2.8.19保温层lagging隔热层heatinsulatinglayer为防止与减少汽轮机的热量向环境散失，在汽轮机及管道等外表面敷设的保温材料2.8.20罩壳coverenclosure在汽轮机和辅助设备外面加设的金属罩，或装有隔音材料的金属罩，以起到隔音和装饰作用。2.9汽轮机运行及运行方式2.9.1暖机warmup送入少量蒸汽使汽轮机在一定转速或一定负荷下维持一段时间运行，使其各部件均匀受热的操作过程。2.9.2冷却停机coolingshutdown降低蒸汽的压力、温度，使汽轮机边冷却边停机的操作过程。2.9.3破坏真空停机vacuumbreakshutdown打开真空破坏门，使空气进入凝汽器，以缩短汽轮机停机时惰走时间的操作过程2.9.4起动start-up汽轮机从开始盘车、冲转、暖机、升速、定速、并网带负荷至额定值的全部运行过程2.9.5冷态起动coldstart-up汽轮机停机超过72h(某些部件如高压内缸的金属温度已下降至约为其满负荷值的40%以下)的重新起动2.9.6温态起动warmstart-up汽轮机停机在10h-72h之间(某些部件如高压内缸的金属温度约为其满负荷值的40%-80%之间)的重新起动。2.9.7热态起动hotstart-up汽轮机停机不到10h(某些部件如高压内缸的金属温度约为其满负荷值的80%以上)的重新起动。2.9.8极热态起动veryhotstart-up汽轮机在脱扣后1h以内(某些部件如高压内缸的金属温度仍维持或接近满负荷时的温度值)的重新起动。

26DL/T893一20042.9.9高、中压缸联合起动hybridstart-upofhigh-mediumpressurecylindercouplet汽轮机起动时，高、中压缸同时进汽，冲转、升速、带负荷的过程。2.9.10中压缸起动start-upofmedium-pressurecylinder汽轮机起动时，高压缸不进汽，新蒸汽经一级旁路和再热器进入中压缸，冲转、升速、带负荷，当达到某一转速或负荷后，高压缸再进汽的起动过程。2.9.11汽轮机起动特性曲线startingcharacteristiccurve表示起动时汽轮机各种参数(如汽缸金属温度、蒸汽参数、胀差和负荷变化等)与时间的关系曲线。2.9.12胀差diferentialexpansion随着温度上升，转子和汽缸以各自的死点为基准膨胀，两者产生的相对膨胀差。转子大于汽缸膨胀为正胀差，反之为负胀差。2.9.13疏水系统drainsystem汽轮机起动、停机、暖管及运行过程中，排除汽轮机本体及蒸汽管道内因冷凝产生积水的系统。2.9.14初始负荷initialload初负荷汽轮发电机组并网后在初始阶段中的规定时间内所保持的最小发电机功率。2.9.15惰走时间idletime汽轮机在额定转速下自截断向汽轮机送汽时开始，至转子完全停止转动所需的时间。2.9.16限负荷运行loadlimitoperation通过功率限制器控制调节(汽)阀的开度，使负荷不超过给定值的运行。2.9.17空负荷运行no-loadoperation在无输出功率状态下，汽轮发电机组维持规定转速时的运行。2.9.18调频运行speedgoverningoperation以控制电力系统频率在允许范围内变化的运行。通过调节系统来增减汽轮发电机组负荷，2.9.19调相运行phasingoperation用于改善电网中功率因数的汽轮发电机组带无功运行。2.9.20基本负荷运行base-loadoperation汽轮发电机组长期以额定或接近额定功率运行。2.9.21两班制运行two-shiftoperation汽轮发电机组每天24h中约有16h以额定或接近额定功率运行，其余时间停用。

27DL/T893一20042.9.22一班制运行。ne-shiftoperation汽轮发电机组每天24h中约有8h以额定或接近额定功率运行，其余时间停用。2.9.23周期性负荷运行cyclingoperation汽轮发电机组负荷按一定规律高低交替的运行。2.9.24尖峰负荷运行peak-loadoperation汽轮发电机组短期(一般lh^-3h)以较高负荷运行。每天尖峰次数不定，其余时间停用。2.9.25非正常运行abnormaloperation汽轮机在特殊条件下的运行方式，如停运凝汽器的部分冷却水管或停运部分给水加热器的运行方式。2.9.26负荷上升率loaduprate机组单位时间内的负荷增加量。2.9.27最低负荷运行minimumloadoperation保证机组能安全连续运转的最低负荷的运行。2.9.28节流调节throttlegoverning所有调节(汽)阀同步或接近同步动作，以改变汽轮机进汽量的调节方式。2.9.29喷嘴调节nozzlegoverning几个调节(汽)阀依次启闭，以改变汽轮机进汽量的调节方式。2.9.30定压运行constant-pressureoperation汽轮机运行时，主蒸汽压力保持基本恒定，用改变调节(汽)阀开度的方式来调整负荷。2.9.31滑压运行sliding-pressureoperation汽轮机运行时，各调节(汽)阀保持在全开位置，用改变主蒸汽压力来调整负荷。2.9.32改良滑压运行modifiedsliding-pressure负荷在100%至约90%额定负荷范围内运行时，主蒸汽压力维持不变，通过同步启闭所有调节(汽)阀来改变负荷:负荷低于约90%额定负荷运行时，调节(汽)阀保持在接近于90%额定负荷时的开度，由改变主蒸汽压力来改变负荷。2.9.33复合运行hybridoperation喷嘴调节进汽的机组运行时，主蒸汽压力维持不变，通过按顺序逐个关闭调节(汽)阀来降低负荷，直至余下的全开阀数达到允许的最小数目所对应的某一负荷时，维持这时的调节(汽)阀开度，通过降低主蒸汽压力来进一步降低负荷。2.9.34调节(汽)阀快控保护fastvalvingprotection在电网故障甩负荷的瞬间，利用汽轮机调节(汽)阀快速关闭来提高电力系统暂态稳定的保护措

28DL/T893一2004施。2.10寿命和可靠性2.10.1寿命life构件或设备从投运直至由于损伤失效或经济性等原因，而不能继续服役所经历的总时间。2.10.2设计寿命designlife在设计条件下能保证安全经济运行的最小预计运行时间。2.10.3安全运行寿命safeoperationlife构件或设备在安全运行条件下的实际运行时间2.10.4乘U余寿命residuallife构件或设备安全运行寿命减去迄今为止己消耗寿命的差值。2.10.5寿命预测lifeprediction采用科学方法分析构件、系统或汽轮发电机组可能的安全运行时间。2.10.6寿命诊断技术diagnosistechniqueforresiduallife预测剩余寿命的试验、分析、监测和判断技术。2.10.7寿命损耗life(-time)expenditure由于疲劳、蠕变、蠕变疲劳、腐蚀、磨蚀和材质老化等因素引起的寿命消耗2.10.8寿命管理lifemanagement以评估被管理对象的寿命损耗为基础而进行的、使电厂以最低成本安全运行的技术和管理方法。被管理的对象可以是部件、材料、设备、机组、电厂以至地区电力公司所属所有电厂和系统等口2.10.9役龄calendarage从第一次并网算起，汽轮机经历的总的日历时间，以月或年表示。2.10.10老化ageing纯粹由于运行时间推移，汽轮机运行热力性能及构件材料性能逐渐降低的过程。2.10.11可用状态availablestate一台汽轮发电机组处于能够提供运行的状态，不论其是否实际在运行。2.10.12不可用状态unavailablestate一台汽轮发电机组处于因内部限制、试验、进行某项工作，或因某种不利条件而不能运行的状态。2.10.13计划停运plannedoutage一台汽轮发电机组事先安排好进度，并有既定期限的不可用状态。

29DL7T893一20042.10.14非计kJ停运unplannedoutage处于计划停运以外的不可用状态2.10.14.1第1类非计A停运(立即停运)immediateoutage需要从可用状态立即退出，或汽轮发电机组不能按规定时间起动或起动失败的一种停运状态。2.10.14.2第2类非计划停运(可短暂延迟的停运)delayedoutage不需要从可用状态立即退出，但需在6h以内退出的一种停运状态2.10.14.3第3类非计k9停运(可延迟至6h以后的停运)postponedoutage可以延迟6h以上，但需在周末的终了前从可用状态退出的一种停运状态。2.10.14.4第4类非计划停运(可延至较长时间后的停运)deferredoutage可以延迟至72h以后，但需在下一次计划停运前从可用状态退出的一种停运状态。2.10.14.5第5类非计划停运(超过计划停运期限的延长停运)extendedoutage由于某种原因(起动失败除外)，超过既定计划停运期限的延长停运状态。2.10.15可用小时availablehours(AH)一台汽轮发电机组在规定期限内处于可用状态的小时数。2.10.16不可用小时unavailablehours(UH)一台汽轮发电机组在规定期限内处于不可用状态的小时数。2.10.17运行小时runninghours(RH)一台汽轮发电机组在规定期限内带负荷的小时数。2.10.18强迫停运小时forcedoutagehours(FOH)一台汽轮发电机组在规定期限内处于第1类、第2类或第3类非计划停运状态的小时数。2.10.19统计期间小时periodhours(PH)一台在役机组在规定期限内的日历小时数。2.10.20强迫停运率forcedoutagerate(FOR)以百分数表示的强迫停运小时数与运行小时数及强迫停运小时数之和的比值。2.10.21可用系数availabilityfactor(AF)以百分数表示的可用小时数与统计期间小时数的比值。2.10.22等效可用系数equivalentavailabilityfactor(EAF)机组计及降低出力影响后的可用系数。以百分数表示的可用小时数减去等效降低出力小时数与机组季节性降低出力小时数之和的差值，再除以统计期间的小时数

30DL/T893一20042.11性能与试验2.11.1热力性能试验thermalperformancetest确定汽轮发电机组的功率、热耗率、热效率等性能指标所进行的试验。2.11.2额定工况ratedconditions在规定条件下，汽轮发电机组发额定功率时的运行状况。2.11.3经济工况economicconditions在规定条件下，汽轮发电机组发经济功率时的运行状况。2.11.4电功率electricalpower扣除外部励磁和非同轴主油泵所耗功率后，发电机出线端所输出的功率。2.11.5辅助电功率electricalauxiliarypower非汽轮机驱动的汽轮机和发电机的辅机所耗功率。通常包括所有的控制、润滑、发电机的冷却和密封所耗功率，也可包括附加的辅机，如电动机驱动的锅炉给水泵和循环水泵的耗功。2.11.6净电功率netpower电功率与辅助电功率的差值。2.11.7!-用电率stationauxiliarypowerrate发电厂同一时期的自用电量与发电量之比。2.11.8厂用电系统stationauxiliarypowersystem为发电厂辅助设备的动力、厂房照明及设备检修的用电而设置的厂内供电系统，有监视、控制、保护和连锁等自动装置。2.11.9最大连续功率turbinemaximumcontinuousrating(TMCR)汽轮机在年平均水温对应的排汽压力和补水率为零的条件下，维持额定功率时的进汽量及额定参数，保证寿命期内，在额定功率因数、额定氢压下，发电机出线端安全、连续地输出的功率。通常作_为保证热耗率和汽耗率的功率。2.11.10最大功率maximumcapability调节(汽)阀全开功率valveswideopencapability(VWO)在规定终端参数下，所有调节(汽)阀完全开启时，发电机出线端所输出的功率。2.11.11最大过负荷功率maximumoverloadcapability在规定的过负荷终端参数下(例如:最后一个高压给水加热器旁路或提高新蒸汽压力)调节〔汽)阀全部开启时，发电机出线端能发出的最大功率。2.11.12汽轮发电机组热效率turbine-generatorthermalefficiency电功率与单位时间内外界加入热力循环的热量之比。

31DL/T893一20042.11.13汽耗量steamconsumption单位时间内的蒸汽消耗量。2.11.14汽耗率steamrate:specificsteamconsumption单位电功率的汽耗量。2.11.15热耗量heatconsumption单位时间内消耗的热量。2.11.16毛热耗率grossheatrate单位电功率的热耗量。2.11.17净热耗率netheatrate单位净电功率的热耗量。2.11.18工况图workingconditionschart反映调节抽汽式汽轮机的功率、总流量和调节抽汽量三者之间相互关系的线图。2.11.19能量利用系数energyutilizationcoefficient总热效率overallthermalefficiency单位时问内生产的电量与供热量之和与消耗的燃料总热量的比值。2.11.20真空试验vacuumtest80%额定负荷以上，抽气设备停运后，按规定的方法测量单位时间内真空变化，以确定真空系统严密性的试验。2.11.21阀点valvepointIlK序开启的调节(汽)阀中后一个阀处在将开而未开的状态。2.11.22空负荷试验noloadtest机组在不带负荷状态下的性能试验。2.11.23带负荷试验loadtest机组在规定负荷状态下的性能试验。2.11.24甩负荷试验loadrejectiontest汽轮机在不同负荷下突然卸去负荷，以考核调节系统动态特性的试验。2.11.25验收试验acceptancetest对合同中所规定的产品各项性能指标进行验证的试验。

32DL/T893一20042.11.26噪声水平noiselevel噪声级利用声级计测得的反映噪声强弱的声压级、声强级和声功率级(单位为dB)，以及反映人在心理和生理上对噪声感受程度的A声级和等效A声级，单位为dB(A),2.11.27面噪声水平surfacenoiselevel面噪声级在离机器表面一定距离的假想面上，并目离地面一定高度的位置上测得的噪声的最大A加权均方根声压级2.11.28手动脱扣停机manna)tripping用手操作使主脱扣器动作的停机方式。2.11.29电磁脱扣停机，olenoidtripping通过电磁作用引起主脱扣器动作的停机方式。2.11.30超速脱扣停机overspeedtripping汽轮机超速引起主脱扣器动作的紧急停机方式。2.11.31瞬时升速temporaryspeedrise在调速系统控制下，甩负荷后汽轮机转速的瞬时升高值。如果在额定转速下甩去额定负荷，则其值为额定瞬时升速2.11.32最高转速maadmumspeed制造厂进行转子超速试验的转速2.11.33最高升速maximumspeedrise甩负荷后在调速系统失灵和超速跳闸动作下，汽轮机转速的瞬时升高值。如果在额定转速下甩去额定负荷，则为额定最高升速2.11.34转速不等率speedgoverningdroop当机组调速系统的整定值不变，在额定参数下，负荷从零到额定值所对应的转速变化，以额定转速的百分率表示2.11.35迟缓率dead-band死区不会引起调节汽阀位置改变的稳态转速变化的总值，以额定转速的百分率表示，是调速系统灵敏度的一种尺度。2.11.36局部转速不等率incrementalspeedgoverningdroop局部不等率假定没有迟缓率，在某一给定的稳态转速和负荷下，稳态转速相对于负荷的变化率。该值即为调

33DL/T893一2004节系统静态特性转速一负荷曲线上在给定负荷处的斜率。2.11.37危急遮断器动作转速tripspeed转子升速达到危险程度时危急遮断器动作时的转速。2.11.38复位转速returnspeed危急遮断器动作后飞锤回复到原位置时的转速。汽轮机热力系统及旁路系统汽轮机热力系统3.1.1热力系统thermalpowersystem按照蒸汽热力循环完成热功转换的所有设备和系统的组合。3.1.1.1给水加热系统feedwaterheatingsystem汽轮机的热力系统中利用汽轮机抽汽加热锅炉给水的(汽水)系统。3.1.1.2给水加热器feedwaterheater用汽轮机的抽汽加热锅炉给水的热交换器。3.1.1.3给水温度feedwatertemperature给水在最后一级高压加热器出口处的温度。3.1.1.4除氧器deaerator利用汽轮机的抽汽与给水混合，加热给水，以除去水中的溶解氧和其他气体，同时提高给水温度的一种混合式加热器。3.1.1.5给水泵汽轮机steamturbineoffeedwaterpump驱动给水泵用的变转速汽轮机。3.1.1.6凝汽设备condenserequipment由凝汽器、凝结水泵、循环水泵和抽气设备等组成的使汽轮机排汽凝结成水的换热设备。3.1.1.7热平衡计算beatbalancecalculation.根据汽轮机热力系统的汽水参数进行热量、质量守恒的计算。3.1.1.8汽水分离再热器moistureseparatorreheater用于除去饱和蒸汽汽轮机高压缸排汽中所含的水分。并使其再热的装置。3.1.1.9一次冷却回路primarycoolingcircuit主回路将核能转化为蒸汽热能的反应堆主冷却剂循环的回路。

34DL/T893一20043.1.1.10二次冷却回路secondarycoolingcircuit存在于具有两个以上回路的反应堆核电厂中，用于冷却一次冷却回路的二次冷却剂的循环系统。3.1.1.11热网heatnetwork在集中供热条件下，用于输送和分配再热介质(蒸汽或热水)的管道系统3.2汽轮机旁路系统3.2.1旁路系统by-passsystem与汽轮机并联的蒸汽减温减压系统。3.2.1.1整体旁路系统integralby-passsystem一级旁路系统one-stageby-passsystem蒸汽旁通整台汽轮机，直接引至凝汽器的汽轮机旁路系统。3.2.1.2高压旁路系统highpressureby-passsystem蒸汽旁通汽轮机高压缸，直接引入高压缸排汽管道的汽轮机旁路系统3.2.1.3低压旁路系统lowpressureby-passsystem蒸汽旁通汽轮机中低压缸，直接引入凝汽器的汽轮机旁路系统。3.2.1.4二级旁路系统two-stage勿-passsystem由高压和低压旁路组成的串联旁路系统。3.2.1.5三级旁路系统three-stageby-passsystem一级与二级旁路系统并联而成的旁路系统。3.2.1.6高压旁路容量capacityofhighpressureby-passsystem整体旁路容量capacityofintegralby-passsystem蒸汽在额定参数下通过高压或整体旁路的最大流量与锅炉最大连续蒸发量或额定蒸发量的比值，以百分比表示3.2.1.7低压旁路系统容量capacityoflowpressureby-passsystem再热蒸汽在额定参数下通过低压旁路(旁路阀全开时)的最大流量与高压旁路容量为100%时的蒸汽流量的比值，以百分比表示。凝汽设备与冷却系统4.1凝汽器种类与型式4.1.1凝汽器condenser冷凝器使汽轮机排汽冷却凝结成水，并在其中形成真空的换热器。

35DL/T893一20044.1.2表面式凝汽器surfacecondenser汽轮机排汽不与水或其他冷却介质接触的凝汽器口4.1.3混合式凝汽器mixingcondenser接触式凝汽器汽轮机排汽与冷却水直接接触的凝汽器。4.1.4多压凝汽器multi-pressurecondenser由多个不同工作压力、互不相通汽室组成的凝汽器。从同一台汽轮机多个排汽口排出的不同压力的排汽，进入相对应的汽室，被同一股串行流过的冷却水冷却，凝结成不同温度的凝结水。4.2凝汽设备与冷却系统一般术语与原理4.2.1排热系统heatsink冷端系统coolendsystem由汽轮机低压排汽缸、凝汽器、冷却水系统及部分其他设备组成的系统。4.2.2凝结水condensate冷凝水condensingwater汽轮机排汽在凝汽器中凝结成的水。4.2.3冷却水coolingwater循环水circulatingwater用于吸收凝汽器中蒸汽的热量，并使蒸汽凝结成水的一种冷却介质。4.2.4凝结水流量condensateflowrate单位时间内的凝结水量。4.2.5凝结水温度condensatetemperature凝结水在凝汽器热井内的温度。4.2.6冷却水流量coolingwaterflowrate单位时间内的冷却水量4.2.7冷却水温度coolingwatertemperature冷却水在凝汽器进口处的温度。4.2.8冷却水温升coolingwatertemperaturerise冷却水在凝汽器出口处的温度与冷却水温度之差。4.2.9凝结水含氧量oxygencontentofcondensate溶解在单位质量凝结水中的氧气量。

36DL/T893一20044.2.10冷却面积coolingsurfacearea表面式凝汽器中两端管板内侧面之间冷却水管的总外表面积。4.2.11流程数numberofpass冷却水在凝汽器同一壳体中通过管子的次数。4.2.12冷却倍率coolingrate冷却水流量与进入凝汽器的蒸汽流量之比。4.2.13水阻waterresistance冷却水流经凝汽器的压力损失。4.2.14汽阻steamresistance排汽在凝汽器中流动时的压力损失。4.2.15凝汽器除氧condenserdeaeration在凝汽器中除掉溶解于凝结水中的氧气等气体。4.2.16凝汽器压力condenserpressure凝汽器第一排冷却水管前某一位置处(一般相距300mm)的蒸汽绝对压力。4.2.17真空vacuum大气压力与凝汽器压力的差值。4.2.18真空度vacuumdegree以百分数表示的真空与大气压力的比值。4.2.19蒸汽凝结温度steamcondensingtemperature对应于凝汽器压力的蒸汽饱和温度。4.2.20过冷度supercoolingdegree蒸汽凝结温度与凝结水温度之差。4.2.21初始温差initialtemperaturediference蒸汽凝结温度与冷却水温度之差。4.2.22凝汽器终端温差terminaltemperaturediferenceofcondenser凝汽器端差蒸汽凝结温度与冷却水出口温度之差。4.2.23蒸汽负荷率steamdutyrate单位时间内单位传热面积上所凝结的蒸汽量。

37DL/T893一20044.2.24凝汽器热负荷condenserduty;condenserload单位时间内凝汽器中的蒸汽和疏水等传给冷却水的热量。4.2.25对数平均温差logarithmicmeantemperaturedifference冷却水温差对于初始温差和终端温差比值的自然对数值之比。4.2.26总体传热系数。verallheattransfercoefficient用对数平均温差所确定的平均传热系数。4.2.27严密性系数airtightcoefficient衡量凝汽器空气漏入程度的系数。4.2.28清洁系数cleanlinessfactor冷凝管的总体传热系数与设计传热系数的比值。4.2.29极限真空limitingvacuum随着真空的提高，汽轮机功率开始不再增加时的真空。4.3凝汽器结构及零部件4.3.1喉部throat凝汽器接受汽轮机排汽的进口部分。4.3.2冷却水管coolingwatertube表面式凝汽器中通过冷却水并形成凝汽器冷却表面的管子。4.3.3管束tubebundle管簇一定数量的冷却水管按规定方式排列在一起的组合体。4.3.4水室waterchamber表面式凝汽器中管束两端汇集冷却水的腔室。4.3.5热井hotwell凝结水汇集箱表面式凝汽器底部汇集凝结水的容器。4.3.6凝汽区condensingzone凝结区coolingzone表面式凝汽器中使汽轮机排汽和从其他方面排来的蒸汽绝大部分凝结为水的区域。4.3.7空气冷却区aircoolingzone凝汽器中空气抽出前专门设置的冷却汽一气混合物的管束区域。

38DL/T893一20044.3.8管子有效长度efectivelengthoftube表面式凝汽器中两端管板内侧面之间冷却水管的长度。4.3.9管板tubeplate安装与固定冷却水管并将冷却水和蒸汽隔开的部件。4.3.10支撑板supportplate凝汽器内两端管板之间用于支撑冷却水管的板。4.3.11管子排列tubearrangement冷却水管在凝汽器内的安排方式。4.3.12胀管tubeexpanding用扩管器扩大冷却水管端部的直径，使管子在胀口处与管板紧密接触，并固定在管板上的方法。4.4凝汽设备与冷却系统辅助设备4.4.1凝结水泵condensatepump从凝汽器中抽出凝结水的泵4.4.2循环水泵circulatingwaterpump向凝汽器输送冷却水的泵。4.4.3抽气器airejector为保持凝汽器内的真空，将漏入空气抽出的装置。4.4.4水环式真空泵waterringvacuumpump带有叶片的叶轮偏心安装在泵壳中的一种容积式泵。叶轮在泵壳中旋转形成水环，其作用相当于一个活塞，依靠改变体积抽出空气形成真空。4.4.5起动抽气器start-upejector汽轮机起动时使用的抽气器口4.4.6射水抽气器waterjetairejector以水为工质的抽气器。4.4.7射汽抽气器steamjetairejector以蒸汽为工质的抽气器。4.4.8中间冷却器inter-cooler多级抽气器前级抽出的蒸汽和空气混合物在进入下一级抽气器前，使部分蒸汽凝结和空气冷却的装置。

39DL/T893一20044.4.9后冷却器after-cooler在多级抽气器后使抽出的蒸汽凝结，并将空气排入大气的装置。4.4.10冷却水泄漏检查装置coolingwaterleakagedetector检查冷却水是否漏入凝汽设备汽侧腔室的装置。4.4.11清洗装置condensercleaningdevice清洗凝汽器冷却水管的装置。4.4.12反冲洗系统backwashingsystem在运行中为清洗凝汽器管子中堵塞的杂质而使冷却水逆向流动的系统。4.4.13胶球清洗装置spongeballcleaningdevice实施胶球清洗凝汽器冷却水管的装置4.4.14冷却塔coolingtower以空气作为冷却介质，直接或间接地把汽轮机排汽热量排向大气的塔形建筑物。4.4.15自然通风(湿式)冷却塔naturaldraft(wet)coolingtower依靠空气的密度差产生抽力，使空气和冷却水进行热、质交换的塔形建筑物。4.4.16机械通风(湿式)冷却塔mechanicaldraft(wet)coolingtower采用风机强制抽风，使空气和冷却水进行热、质交换的塔形建筑物4.5空冷式凝汽设备4.5.1空气凝汽器aircondenser以空气作为冷却介质，使汽轮机排汽直接冷却凝结成水的表面式换热器。4.5.2空气冷却器aircooler以空气作为冷却介质，对吸收汽轮机排汽热量后的冷却水或其他冷却介质进行冷却的表面式换热器。4.5.3空气冷却塔aircoolingtower干式冷却塔装有空气凝汽器或空气冷却器的塔形建筑物4.5.4喷射式凝汽器jetcondenser由高压喷管组喷入冷却水使汽轮机排汽凝结的混合式凝汽器4.5.5干式冷却系统drycoolingsystem以空气为冷却介质，直接或间接地将汽轮机排汽热量带走的冷却系统

40DL/T893一20044.5.6直接干式冷却系统directdrycoolingsystem采用空气凝汽器的干式冷却系统。4.5.7间接干式冷却系统indirectdrycoolingsystem采用空气冷却器的干式冷却系统。4.5.8海勒系统Helersystem混合式间接干式冷却系统采用喷射式凝汽器的间接干式冷却系统。4.5.9表面式间接干式冷却系统indirectdrycoolingsystemofsurfacecondenser采用表面式凝汽器的间接干式冷却系统。4.6凝汽器运行及清洗4.6.1真空下降率vacuumdecreasingrate凝汽器真空降低的速率。4.6.2凝汽器性能试验condenserperformancetest凝汽器传热、除氧和气密性等性能的试验。4.6.3凝汽器变工况offdesignconditionsofcondenser凝汽器在非设计条件下的工况。4.6.4凝汽器特性condensercharacteristics凝汽器压力随凝结蒸汽量、冷却水进口温度及冷却水流量而变化的规律。4.6.5机械清洗mechanicalcleaning用专门工具清除冷却水管中污垢的机械擦洗方法。4.6.6化学清洗chemicalcleaning采用适当浓度的酸和缓蚀剂清除冷却水管中污垢的方法。4.6.7水力清洗hydrauliccleaning采用高压水冲刷冷却水管中的污垢，并使其清除的方法。4.6.8胶球清洗spongeballcleaning用特制的海绵橡胶球连续通过凝汽器冷却水管来擦洗管内壁上污垢的方法。5给水加热设备51加热器种类与形式511混合式加热器mbdngheater

41DL/T893一2004接触式加热器directcontactheater汽轮机抽汽与给水直接接触的给水加热器。5.1.2表面式加热器surfaceheater间壁式加热器汽轮机抽汽与给水在不同的通道流动，通过传热表面传热的给水加热器。5.1.2.1管壳式加热器shell-and-tubeheater管式加热器tubularheater抽汽在管外加热管内流动给水的表面式加热器。5.1.2.2管板式加热器tube-in-sheetheater传热管与管板连接，并有水室作为给水进口和出口腔室的表面式加热器。5.1.2.3U形管式加热器U-tubetypeheater传热管呈U形，且其两端与管板连接的管板式加热器。5.1.2.4直管式加热器straight-tubetypeheater传热管为直管，并有水室作为进口和出口腔室的管板式加热器。5.1.2.5联箱式加热器headertypeheater由给水进、出口联箱和与其相连的传热管组成的表面式加热器。5.1.2.6螺旋管联箱式加热器coiltubeheader-typeheater传热面由水平螺旋管圈组成，在垂直方向排列成若干管组，布置在立式壳体内的联箱式加热器。5.1.2.7蛇形管联箱式加热器serpentine-tubeheader-typeheater传热面由若干平行的蛇形管屏组成的联箱式加热器。5.1.3卧式加热器horizontalheater轴线水平布置的加热器。5.1.4立式加热器verticalheater轴线垂直布置的加热器。5.1.5低压加热器lowpressurefeedwaterheater在回热给水系统中位于凝汽器至除氧器之间的加热器。5.1.6高压加热器highpressurefeedwaterheater在回热给水系统中位于给水泵至锅炉之间的加热器。5.2加热器结构5.2.1加热器过热蒸汽冷却区heaterdesuperheatingzone

42DL/T893一2004在给水加热器中过热蒸汽冷却成为饱和蒸汽之前把热量传给给水的区域。5.2.2加热器凝汽区heatercondensingzone在给水加热器中饱和蒸汽凝结时把热量传给给水的区域。5.2.3加热器疏水冷却区heaterdraincoolingzone给水加热器中，使汽轮机来的抽汽凝结成的水继续将热量传给给水的区域。5.2.4过热蒸汽冷却器superheatedsteamcooler利用蒸汽较高的过热度将给水加热到等于或高于抽汽压力下的饱和温度的换热器。5.2.5疏水冷却器draincooler在疏水离开表面式加热器后，将其热量传递给进入该级给水的换热器。5.3加热器辅助设备5.3.1加热器疏水系统heaterdrainsystem将加热器疏水与相邻加热器等外部设备和系统相连的系统。5.3.2疏水泵drainpump将一级加热器疏水送入本级加热器出口给水管中的泵5.3.3危急疏水系统emergencydrainsystem当加热器水位异常升高到设定值时，紧急排出疏水的系统。5.3.4疏水调节阀regulateddrainvalve调整疏水流量以控制加热器水位的阀门。5.3.5给水自动旁路系统automaticfeedwaterbypasssystem当加热器出现事故时，自动切断给水进入事故加热器(或事故加热器组)而直接进入后一级(或组)加热器或锅炉的系统口5.3.6超压保护装置overpressureprotectiondevice防止给水加热器管侧和壳侧压力超过许可值的设备。5.3.7加热器空气排放系统heaterairventsystem排放加热器壳侧空气或其他不凝结气体的系统。5.4加热器性能与试验5.4.1加热器初温差initialtemperaturedifferenceofheater疏水端差加热器抽汽疏水出口温度与给水进口温度的差值。5.4.2加热器终温差finaltemperaturedifferenceofheater

43DL/T893一2004加热器进口处的抽汽温度与加热器出口处的给水温度的差值。5.4.3加热器端差terminaltemperaturedifferenceofheater加热器进口处的抽汽压力对应的饱和温度与加热器出口处的给水温度的差值。5.4.4给水温升feedwatertemperaturerise加热器给水出口处温度与进口处温度之差。5.4.5管侧阻力tubesidepressureloss给水压力损失feedwaterpressureloss加热器给水进口压力与出口压力之差。5.4.6壳侧阻力shellsidepressureloss加热器蒸汽进口压力与疏水出口压力之差。5.4.7给水泵feed-waterpump将给水从除氧器水箱中抽出、升压并输送到锅炉的泵。5.4.8最小流量装置minimumflowrecirculatingsystem防止给水泵因进口流量低于最小流量引起过热而设置的从给水泵出口至进口的再循环系统。5.4.9前置泵boosterpump用来提高给水泵进口压力，防止给水泵汽蚀，安置在给水泵之前的离心式泵。5.4.10汽蚀余量netpositivesuctionhead给水泵进口处具有的总压头高出进口处汽化压头的值。5.4.11液力联轴器hydrauliccoupling;fluidrivecoupling利用液力传递转矩的变速装置。5.5加热器运行与维护5.5.1加热器投运率heateroperationrate在统计时间内，加热器投运小时数与汽轮发电机组运行小时数的比值，以百分数表示。5.5.2加热器堵管率heatertube-blockingrate加热器被堵传热管数与总传热管数之比，以百分数表示。5.5.3加热器温升率heatertemperatureriserate加热器给水温度在单位时间内升高的数值5.5.4加热器温降率heatertemperaturedecreaserate加热器给水温度在单位时间内降低的数值。

44DL/T893一20046给水除氧设备6.1除氧设备种类与型式6.1.1化学除氧chemicaldeaeration根据化学原理除去水中溶解的氧气等气体的方法。6.1.2热力除氧thermaldeaeration利用加热给水除去水中溶解的氧气等气体的方法。6.1.3真空除氧vacuumdeaeration在真空状态下采用的一种热力除氧方法。6.1.4高压式除氟器highpressuredeaerator压力式除氧器工作压力(表压)大于0.098MPa的除氧器。6.1.5大气式除氧asatmosphericdeaerator工作压力(表压)为0.065MPa-0.098MPa的除氧器。6.1.6立式除氧器verticaldeaerator除氧头轴线与贮水箱中心线垂直的除氧器。6.1.7卧式除氧器horizontaltypedeaerator除氧头轴线与贮水箱中心线平行的除氧器。6.1.8喷雾淋盘式除氧器spraytraydeaerator具有喷嘴和淋水盘的除氧器。6.1.9喷雾填料式除氧器spraystuffingtypedeaerator具有喷嘴和填料的除氧器。6.1.10膜式除氧J9filmtypedeaerator具有旋膜式喷嘴的除氧器。6.2除氧设备结构及零部件6.2.1除氧头deaerationhead除氧器中完成除氧主要任务的部件。6.2.2除氧器喷嘴deaeratornozzle除氧器中将需要除氧的水雾化成水滴的装置。

45DL/T893一20046.2.3淋水装置drippingdevice使需要除氧的水在其中呈膜状或细小水流流下的装置。6.2.4填料层filerlayer使需要除氧的水在其中呈膜状迁回流动，达到深度除氧的装置。6.2.5除氧器贮水箱waterstoragetankofdeaerator贮存除氧后的给水和除氧用蒸汽凝结水的箱体。6.2.6除氧器安全门safetyvalveofdeaerator为防止除氧器内部压力超过允许值而设置的蒸汽排放装置。6.3除氧设备运行6.3.1除氧器定压运行”%“pressureoperationofdeaerator无论机组负荷高低，除氧器压力始终维持为定值的运行方式。6.3.2除氧器滑压运行slidingpressureoperationofdeaerator除氧器压力随机组负荷的变化而变化的运行方式。6.4除氧设备性能6.4.1除氧器出水温度outletwatertemperatureofdeaerator除氧器水箱出口处的水温。6.4.2除氧器出力deaeratoroutput除氧器在单位时间内输出符合规定溶解氧含量的给水量。6.4.3除氧器额定出力deaeratorratedoutput在规定条件下运行时的除氧器出力。6.4.4除氧器温升temperatureriseofdeaerator除氧器中与工作蒸汽压力相应的饱和温度和除氧器进水温度之差。6.4.5出水含氧量oxygencontentofoutletwater从除氧器中排出的单位质量水中氧的含量。6.4.6除氧器暂态运行工况transientoperationconditionofdeaerator在机组升负荷或甩负荷时，除氧器内压力突然降低，水箱内热水沸腾，使经过水泵的给水有可能汽化的工况。

46DL/T893一2004附录A(资料性附录)静叶栅汽流与结构参数图代一安装角:ob-.进口几何角;a,}-出口几何角:aa--进汽角;a,一出汽角;。汽流折转角。冲角:子一汽流落后角:口叶型折转角;co进汽速度:cl一出汽速度图A.1静叶栅汽流与结构参数图

47DL/T893一2004中文汉语拼音索引安全运行寿命2.10.3安装角2.4.40饱和蒸汽汽轮机············....................2.1.26表面式加热器·......................................5.1.2保温层·...........................................2.8.19表面式间接干式冷却系统·············..........4.5.9报警保护系统，··········，，，，········，·····......2.7.38表面式凝汽器·......................................4.1.2备用润滑油泵······。·······················⋯⋯2.8.5不可用小时·······...............................2.10.16背压式汽轮机·...................................2.1.7不可用状态··········.......................·一2.10.12背压调节器·······························。·⋯⋯2.7.24不调频叶片····························。，·。⋯⋯2.5.1.7闭锁装置·.........................................2.7.32部分进汽····································⋯⋯22.22变工况············，············‘··········⋯⋯22.17部分进汽度·······..........................，二2.2.23长叶片颤振···，······‘···················⋯⋯2.5.1.6出口几何角·······，·，···。···············。···⋯⋯2.4.50厂用电功率·......................................2.11.5出口面积·············。······················⋯⋯24.43厂用电率·........................................2.11.7出口汽流角·......................................2.448厂用电系统··················....................2.11.8出汽角···········，···········。············‘⋯⋯2.4.48超超临界汽轮机···························⋯⋯2.1.19出水含氧量..........................................6.4.5超高压汽轮机·..............................‘一2.1.16初负荷甲·····“···········，··············，·甲·......2乡14超临界汽轮机······························⋯⋯2.1.18初始负荷··········，···········，·············⋯⋯2.9.14超速保护装置....................................2.7.26初始温差..........................................4.2.21超速脱扣停机··························⋯⋯2.11.30除氧器··············。··········。·············⋯⋯3.1.1.4超速限制滑阀······························⋯⋯2.7.29除氧器安全门·......................................6.2.6超压保护装置·····························⋯⋯53.6除氧器出力·········..............................6.4.2迟缓率，··············‘···················⋯⋯2.11.35除氧器出水温度·...................................6.4.1冲波损失····································⋯⋯2.4.22除氧器定压运行·...................................6.3.1冲动级····“·····························一2.4.13除氧器额定出力，·，········，·，·‘········.........6.4.3冲动式汽轮机················-······。···，··⋯⋯2.1.2除氧器滑压运行·...................................6.3.2冲角损失·.........................................2.4.25除氧器喷嘴..........................................6.2.2重热系数··········，········，·。··············‘··⋯2.4.4除氧器温升·.........................................6.4.4抽气器······································⋯⋯4.4.3除氧器贮水箱·......................................6.2.5抽汽······........................................2.2.3除氧器暂态运行工况·········‘·······，······一6.5.6抽汽参数·································。·⋯⋯2.2.10除氧头·...............................................6.2.1抽汽逆止阀·································⋯⋯2.6.9磁阻发生器·······························⋯⋯2.7.13抽汽式汽轮机···，，·······，，，，······，，·····⋯⋯2.18错油门······················，·······，····⋯⋯2.7.16抽汽压力调节装置·.............................2.7.23D大气式除氧器······························⋯⋯6.1.5带负荷试验2.11.23

48DL/T893一2004单列级·······································⋯⋯2.4.8(可延至较长时间后的停运)···⋯⋯2.10.14.4单轴汽轮机·......................................2.1.21第5类非计划停运导(向)叶(片)························⋯⋯2.3.8(超过计划停运期限的延长停运)⋯2.10.14.5导叶环·............................................2.3.13电超速保护装置···························⋯⋯2.7.29等嫡焙降····································⋯⋯2.2.24电磁脱扣停机·...................................2.11.29等效可用系数·····················。·。·····，⋯2.10.22电功率···。···································⋯⋯2.11.4低压缸喷水装置···························⋯⋯2.7.40电气式调速器······························⋯⋯2.7.12低压加热器·································⋯⋯5.1.5电气液压调节系统·................................2.7.4低压旁路系统···························⋯⋯3.2.1.3电液转换器·.........................................2.7.3低压旁路系统容量·····················⋯⋯3.2.1.7顶轴油泵·............................................2.8.6低压汽轮机·································⋯⋯2.1.13复合运行····································⋯⋯2.9.33低真空保护装置···························⋯⋯2.7.33定压运行····································⋯⋯2.9.30地热汽轮机·......................................2.1.27动叶(片)..........................................2.3.9第1类非计划停运(立即停运).’····⋯⋯2.10.14.1动叶栅损失·································⋯⋯2.4.24第2类非计划停运端部损失····································⋯⋯2.4.21(可短暂延迟的停运).··········⋯⋯2.10.14.2对数平均温差······。·······················⋯⋯4.2.25第3类非计划停运多压凝汽器·.........................................4.1.4(可延迟至6h以后的停运).··⋯⋯2.10.14.3多压式汽轮机······························。··⋯2.1.20第4类非计划停运惰走时间····································⋯⋯2.9.巧额定工况····································⋯⋯2.11.2额定转速··⋯2.2.20额定功率···············。····················⋯⋯2.2.18二次冷却回路3.1.1.10额定蒸汽参数······························⋯⋯2.2.11二级旁路系统3.2.1.4阀点·····················。·················。··⋯2.11.21辐流式汽轮机·......................................2.1.5反冲洗系统·......................................4.4.12辅助电功率·································⋯⋯2.11.5反动度·······································⋯⋯2.4.12辅助油泵.............................................2.8.4反动级·............................................2.4.14负荷上升率··················。················一2.9.26反动式汽轮机······························⋯⋯2.1.3负荷限制器·································⋯⋯2.7.20放大器·............................................2.7.14复合弯扭叶片······························⋯⋯2.3.21非计划停运·，····························⋯⋯2.10.14复速级·...............................................2.4.9非正常运行·································⋯⋯2.9.25复位转速·.........................................2.11.39蜂窝式汽封·......................................2.3.43改良滑压运行2.9.32高压旁路系统·········。····················⋯⋯3.2.1.2干式冷却塔·4.5.3高压式除氧器·......................................6.1.4干式冷却系统4.5.5高压汽轮机·································⋯⋯2.1.15刚性转子·⋯2.5.2.7高、中压缸联合起动·.............................2.9.9高压加热器·5.1.6隔板··········································⋯⋯2.3.10高压旁路容量3.2.1.6隔板汽封····································⋯⋯2.3.40

49DL/T893一2004隔板套·······································⋯⋯2.3.15管簇·············································，...4.3.3隔热层·············，，···-........................2.8.19管壳式加热器·········，···················⋯⋯5.1.2.1工况图····································⋯⋯2.11.18管式加热器·································⋯⋯5.1.2.1功率限制器.......................................2.7.20管束·······························，····............4.3.3攻角·...............................................2.4.51管子排列····，···········，···········，·········一4.3.11攻角损失·.........................................2.4.25管子有效长度···········，···················⋯.4.3.8鼓风损失·.........................................2.4.29过冷度·········‘·················，···⋯⋯4.2.20鼓型转子·.........................................2.3.36过热度·...............................................2.2.9管板······················，··················⋯⋯4.3.9过热蒸汽冷却器·...................................5.2.4管板式加热器·····。·，·，··········，·····⋯⋯5.1.2.2过载阀·····，·，·········，····················⋯⋯2.6.10管侧阻力····································⋯⋯54.5海勒系统·.........................................4.5.8滑阀·······················，···············。··⋯⋯2.7.16焙降分配·············，，·················。··⋯⋯2.4.3滑压运行············，··········，··········。·2.9.31焊接转子·.........................................2.3.34滑销系统····································⋯⋯2.3.55核电汽轮机·......................................2.1.28化学除氧········....................................6.1.1喉部··········，····························。··⋯⋯4.3.1化学清洗·............................................4.6.6喉部面积·.........................................2.4.42回热抽汽········································一2.2.4喉宽·..............................................2.4.41回热式汽轮机·······················‘···⋯⋯2.1.11后加载叶片·············，············，········一2.3.23混合式加热器.......................................5.1.1后冷却器····································⋯⋯4.4.9混合式间接干式冷却系统·.......................4.5.8弧端损失······-·················，····‘·。·····，，二2.4.30混合式凝汽器···········........................4_1.4给水泵汽轮机···‘····。·，············，···⋯⋯3.1.1.5极限真空·········‘··························⋯⋯4.2.29给水加热器······························⋯⋯3.1.1.2机械通风(湿式)冷却塔···············⋯⋯4.4.16给水加热系统·................................3.1.1.1计划停运··········‘···········‘········..........2.10.13给水温度·················，···············⋯⋯3.1.1.3加热器初温差······························⋯⋯，二5.4.1给水温升···································⋯⋯5.4.4加热器堵管率·甲·.......................·····⋯⋯5东2给水压力损失·····，·，··········，·······⋯⋯5众5加热器过热蒸汽冷却区·..........................5.2.1给水自动旁路系统······，·················⋯⋯5.3.5加热器空气排放系统·.............................5.3.7机械离心式调速器························⋯⋯2.7.8加热器凝汽区·......................................5.2.2机械清洗·····，···‘······，·，··········，······⋯⋯4.6.5加热器疏水冷却区·................................5.2.3机械损失·.........................................2.4.34加热器疏水系统·...................................5.3.1机械效率·....................................·一2.2.32加热器投运率甲·.....................................5.5.1机械液压调节系统············⋯⋯，····⋯⋯2.7.2加热器温降率·......................................5.5.4基本负荷汽轮机·................................2.1.23加热器温升率·......................................5.5.3基本负荷运行········，·，··········，·，·······一2.9.20加热器端差··························，··········一5点3激波损失·.........................................2.4.22加热器终温差·......................................5.4.2级····，···········，·························。⋯⋯2.4.5尖峰负荷运行·························，······一2.9.24级理想速度·......................................2.4.巧监视系统····················。·········，·····⋯⋯2.7.25极热态起动······。··············⋯⋯，·····⋯⋯2.9.8间壁式加热器·......................................5.1.2

50DL/T893一2004净电功率····································⋯⋯2.11.6间接干式冷却系统························⋯⋯4.5.7胶球清洗·································⋯⋯“·4.6.8净热耗率·.........................................2.11.17径高比·······································⋯⋯2.4.54胶球清洗装置···························⋯⋯’二4.4.13接触式加热器······························⋯⋯5.1.1径向轴承····································⋯⋯2.3.47静叶(片)..........................................2.3.7接触式凝汽器······························⋯⋯4.1.3静叶环套····································⋯⋯2.3.14节距···············，··························⋯⋯2.4.39节流调节·.........................................2.9.28静叶环·······································⋯⋯2.3.12静叶栅损失······。··························⋯⋯2.4.23节流损失····································⋯⋯2.4.33进口几何角·......................................2.4.49局部不等率·......................................2.11.36进口汽流角·......................................2.4.47局部转速不等率·................................2.11.36进汽角·............................................2.4.47绝对死点····································⋯⋯2.3.57经济工况····································⋯⋯2.11.3绝对膨胀指示器···························⋯⋯2.7.45经济功率·····················⋯⋯‘··⋯⋯‘·””2.2.19壳侧阻力·································⋯⋯’·’5.4.6空冷式汽轮机··························⋯⋯“’·2.1.24可用系数···································一2.10.21空气冷却器·······················。⋯⋯‘·”·⋯‘’二4.5.2可用小时·································⋯⋯2.10.15空气冷却区·.........................................4.3.7可用状态································⋯⋯2.10.11空气冷却塔································⋯⋯‘’二4.5.3空负荷试验······························⋯⋯2.11.22空气凝汽器..........................................4.5.1空负荷运行·································⋯⋯2.9.17拉金·...............................................2.3.26理想功率····································⋯⋯2.2.25理想焙降····································⋯⋯2.2.24拉筋··········································⋯⋯2.3.26理想速度····································⋯⋯2.4.15老化·······································⋯⋯2.10.10立式除氧器·.........................................6.1.6冷端系统····································⋯⋯4.2.1立式加热器··························。⋯⋯’二”....5.1.4冷段再热蒸汽参数·.............................2.2.13冷凝器···································⋯⋯4.1.1联合汽阀.............................................2.6.5联合循环汽轮机···························⋯⋯2.1.29冷凝水·······································⋯⋯4.2.2联通管·............................................2.6.16冷却倍率·.........................................4.2.12联箱式加热器···························⋯⋯‘二5.1.2.5冷却面积·.........................................4.2.10联轴器·······································⋯⋯2.3.45冷却水·······································⋯⋯4.2.3两班制运行·························⋯⋯‘·⋯⋯2.9.21冷却水管························⋯⋯‘··⋯‘·‘”·4.3.2冷却水流量·································⋯⋯4.2.6淋水装置·............................................6.2.3冷却水温度·······················⋯⋯“二’·’‘.‘4.2.7流程数·······································⋯⋯4.2.11流量系数···································⋯⋯2.4.19冷却水温升······························⋯⋯‘·’4.2.8冷却水泄漏检查装置·..........................4.4.10漏汽损失····································⋯⋯2.4.31滤油器·······································⋯⋯2.8.巧冷却塔·............................................4.4.14轮盘······。···································⋯⋯2.3.25冷却停机····································⋯⋯2.9.2冷态起动····································⋯⋯2.9.5轮盘摩擦损失······························⋯⋯2.4.28冷油器·······································⋯⋯2.8.14轮系振动······。·····························⋯⋯2.5.1.9冷再热蒸汽参数·................................2.2.13轮周功·······································⋯⋯2.2.27

51DL/T893一2004轮周效率2.2.28螺旋管联箱式加热器·..........................5.1.2.6脉冲泵·..........................·····，····⋯⋯2.7.10面噪声水平······，·..............................2.11.27毛热耗率、······，··，··················⋯⋯‘二2.11.16铭牌功率···········。····················，·，·⋯⋯2.2.18迷宫汽封。·································.......2.3.42模拟式电液调节系统·.............................2.7.6面积比·······甲，，···‘···，、，······‘·，，·····一2.4.44膜式除氧器·····，··，·，.，，，···，，，，····、一6.1.10面噪声级··········，··········。···········，··⋯2.11.27末叶片··············，·········，··············⋯⋯2.3.24内功率···········。····················。········一2.2.30凝汽器除氧·································⋯⋯4.2.15内效率·............................................2.2.31凝汽器端差······4·········甲4······，，，·一4.2.22挠性转子·········，··········，········。·，·⋯⋯2.5.2.8凝汽器热负荷···，·，························⋯⋯4.2.24能量利用系数·················...............2.11.19凝汽器特性·········................................4.6.4凝结区····‘····，·，·······，··甲······甲···⋯⋯43.6凝汽器性能试验，，···、··，.，·······，·····‘···一4.6.2凝结水····································。·⋯⋯42.2凝汽器压力································⋯⋯4.2.16凝结水泵·········，··········....................4.4.1凝汽器终端温差·，··········-·········，4··⋯4.2.22凝结水含氧量···，···‘······，，··‘·····，·，·、⋯⋯4.2.9凝汽区，...............................................43.6凝结水汇集箱·····························⋯⋯43.5凝汽式汽轮机··································一2.1.6凝结水流量·····，，·········，，·············⋯⋯4.2.4凝汽设备·‘···，··，·‘··‘··，，，，·‘···，··，。3!!.6凝结水温度······，··········，··‘·······，·，，·⋯⋯4.2.5扭叶片··，···································⋯⋯2.3.19凝汽器·.......................................·一4.1.1暖机·..................................................2乡.1凝汽器变工况·，’·····‘··，·，··‘·，·，.，，··。⋯4.6.3排汽····，··‘·················，，··、······，·，，·⋯⋯2.2.6喷射式凝汽器·......................................4.5.4排汽缸··························..................2.3.54喷雾淋盘式除氧器·...............................6.1.8排汽室····‘····，，·······，····4，甲··‘··⋯2.3.54喷雾填料式除氧器‘1···，甲，，··，，，，·⋯6.、9排热系统···········，······················，·⋯⋯4.2.1喷嘴·..................................................2.3.4盘车装置.........................................2.8.16喷嘴调节........................·········，，⋯⋯2.9.29旁路系统‘·“··，··，·，·‘··‘·，，，，，··········，···、⋯3.2.1喷嘴室................................................2.3.5配汽机构······················，·············⋯⋯2.6.13平衡活塞···································⋯⋯2.3.52喷管····，，........................................2.3.7破坏真空停机···，，，··········，4········，，···一2一93Q起动·，···，·‘······，·，，····，·，甲······，·甲·⋯2.9.4汽流激振····‘··，·，甲······，···，，，·2.5.2.10起动抽气器········，‘·····················，·⋯⋯4.4.5汽流落后角····················，，···········⋯⋯2.4.52汽封·····，····················，···········，⋯⋯2.3.38汽流折转角········，，·········，，·········，··⋯2.4.53汽缸···，，，‘、······，，··‘······，·，·······，，，·⋯⋯2.3.2汽流涡动···、·····，·，·········，，，、········，，⋯2.5.2.10汽耗量···································⋯⋯2.11.13汽轮发电机组保护系统·················⋯⋯2.7.37汽耗率··，··········，，·······，··········，」·2.11.14汽轮发电机组热效率····，·，，·‘·····，，·-‘二2，U.性汽蚀余量···········，·‘·······，，，‘·········，⋯⋯5.4.10汽轮发电机组振动，···········，。········。·，··⋯2.5.2.2冲角······-······················，···········⋯⋯2.4.51汽轮发电机组轴系············4·········⋯⋯2.5.2.1

52DL/T893一2004汽轮机························。··············⋯⋯2.1.1强迫停运小时2.10.18汽轮机膨胀过程线························⋯⋯2.4.2倾斜叶片··⋯2.3.22汽轮机起动特性曲线·..........................2.9.11清洁系数·⋯4.2.28汽水分离再热器························⋯⋯3.1.1.8清洗装置··⋯4.4.11汽阻··········，··················.................4.2.14曲径汽封··⋯2.3.42前置泵·······································⋯⋯5.4.9去湿装置··⋯2.3.53前置式汽轮机·...................................2.1.25全周进汽··⋯22.21强迫停运率·...................................2.10.20热电比·······································⋯⋯2.2.7热力性能试验······························⋯⋯2.11.1热电联产汽轮机·................................2.1.10热跑试验·································⋯⋯2.5.2.14热段再热蒸汽参数··························一2.2.12热平衡计算·································⋯⋯3.1.1.7热耗量····································⋯⋯2.11.15热态起动·............................................2.9.7热井··········································⋯⋯4.3.5热网·······································⋯⋯3.1.1.11热力除氧····································⋯⋯6.1.2润滑油系统·.........................................2.8.2热力过程曲线······························⋯⋯2.4.2润滑油压过低保护装置··················⋯⋯2.7.35热力系统··············。······⋯⋯，’······⋯⋯3.1.1三级旁路系统·········。·················⋯⋯3.2.1.5疏水调节阀..........................................5.3.4蛇形管联箱式加热器··················⋯⋯5.1.2.7疏水端差·............................................5.4.1设计工况····································⋯⋯2.2.16疏水阀·······································⋯⋯2.6.12设计寿命····································⋯⋯2.10.2疏水管·······································⋯⋯2.6.17射汽抽气器·································⋯⋯4.4.7疏水冷却器·.........................................5.2.5射水抽气器·································⋯⋯4.4.6疏水系统····································⋯⋯2.9.13射油器·............................................2.8.10数字式电液调节系统·.............................2.7.5剩余寿命·.........................................2.10.4甩负荷试验.......................................2.11.24死点··········································⋯⋯2.3.56双轴汽轮机·································⋯⋯2.1.22湿汽损失·.........................................2.4.32水环式真空泵·......................................4.4.4湿蒸汽汽轮机······························⋯⋯2.1.26水力清洗·............................................4.6.7实际烩降····································⋯⋯2.2.26水室·..................................................4.3.4事故油泵····································⋯⋯2.8.5水阻··········································⋯⋯4.2.13手动跳闸装置....................................2.7.36瞬时升速····································⋯⋯2.11.31手动脱扣停机··············-············⋯⋯2.11.28死区·...............................................2.11.35寿命·...............................................2.10.1速比·······································⋯⋯2.4.16寿命管理·················。······，···········⋯⋯2.10.8速度级·...............................................2.4.6寿命损耗····································⋯⋯2.10.7速度三角形·································⋯⋯2.4.27寿命预测。·································⋯⋯‘·2.10.5速度系数····································⋯⋯2.4.18寿命诊断技术······························⋯⋯2.10.6锁口件。······································⋯⋯2.3.28疏水泵···，··································⋯⋯5.3.2锁口叶片····································⋯⋯2.3.24

53DL/T893一2004套装转子·.........................................2.3.35调速马达····。·······························⋯⋯2.7.18填料层·······································⋯⋯6.2.4调速器·...............................................2.7.7调峰汽轮机·································⋯⋯2.1.30调相运行····································⋯⋯2.9.19调节抽汽······································一2.2.5调压器。········································一2.7.21调节抽汽阀··································一2.6.6调整抽汽·............................................2.2.5调节抽汽式汽轮机·。······················⋯⋯2.1.9通流部分·............................................2.4.1调节级······················。················⋯⋯2.4.7同步电动机····························。····⋯⋯2.7.18调节(汽)阀············。··················。·⋯2.6.2同步器·······································⋯⋯2.7.17调节阀快控保护·····················。·····⋯⋯2.9.34统计期间小时·...................................2.10.19调节汽阀门全开功率··················⋯⋯2.11.10筒形汽缸.............................................2.3.3调节系统····································⋯⋯2.7.1推力径向轴承··················。···········⋯⋯2.3.49调节油系统·································⋯⋯2.8.1推力盘········，·········。····················⋯⋯2.3.51调频叶片·······。·························⋯⋯2.5.1.8推力一支持联合轴承·····················⋯⋯2.3.49调频运行····································⋯⋯2.9.18推力轴承····································⋯⋯2.3.48调速泵·····································⋯⋯2.7.10U形管式加热器························⋯⋯5.1.2.3弯曲叶片·.........................................2.3.20危急遮断油门······························⋯⋯2.7.28危急保安器·································⋯⋯2.7.27微分加速器·································⋯⋯2.7.30危急保安油门·...................................2.7.28围带··········································⋯⋯2.3.16危急排汽阀·································⋯⋯2.6.H温态起动·............................................2.9.6危急疏水系统························。·····⋯⋯5.3.3卧式除氧器·.........................................6.1.7危急遮断器·································⋯⋯2.7.27卧式加热器··································。·⋯⋯，13危急遮断器动作转速。·················⋯⋯2.11.37弦长·...............................................2.4.38型面损失··⋯⋯2.4.20限负荷运行·································⋯⋯2.9.16旋转隔板··⋯⋯2.3.11相对节距····································⋯⋯2.4.45旋转阻尼··⋯⋯2.7.11相对膨胀指示器·................................2.7.44旋转阻尼调速器2.7.11相对死点···················。·。··············⋯⋯2.3.58循环水····。⋯⋯·4.2.3相对叶高···························。········⋯⋯2.4.46循环水泵··⋯⋯-4.4.2斜置叶片······································一2.3.22压力式除氧器6.1.4验收试验···⋯⋯2.11.25亚临界汽轮机2.1.17叶(片)高(度)2.4.36严密性系数42.27叶宽····.....⋯⋯2.4.37

54DL/T893一2004叶轮·········，·············-，····，···········一2.3.27一班制运行·。····，·，·················。，·····⋯⋯2.9.22叶片·····················.........................2.3.6一次冷却回路····，··················，····⋯⋯3.1.1.9叶片(离心)拉应力························⋯⋯2.5.1.2一级旁路系统···························⋯⋯‘·’3.2.1.1叶片调频·································⋯⋯2.5.1.4役龄··········································⋯⋯2.10.9叶片共振·································⋯⋯2.5.1.5油动机··························。············。··⋯2.7.15叶片一轮盘系统振动·..........................2.5.1.9油动机行程指示器·，················，·····一2.7.41叶片疲劳，......................................2.5.1.10油净化装置·......................................2.8.15叶片偏心弯应力·.............................2.5.1.3油膜振荡······································一2.5.2.9叶片汽封·.........................................2.3.39油透平·...............................................2.8.7叶型·····甲·······················，······‘···二⋯2.4.35油位指示器······························，··⋯⋯2.8.13叶型出口角·......................................2.4.50油箱······。········，·.............................2.8.11叶型进口角·......................................2.4.49油箱排气装置·······················⋯⋯“’·’·‘2.8.12叶栅···········································‘一2.3.17余速······。···································⋯⋯2.4.10液力联轴器.......................................5.4.11余速利用系数·····························⋯⋯‘2.4.11液压式调速器····················⋯⋯‘⋯⋯2.7.9余速损失·.........................................2.4.26液压伺服装置····························⋯⋯2.7.15预启阀................................................2.6.8液压蓄能器································⋯⋯2.8.9运行小时·.........................................2.10.17再热调节(汽)阀························⋯⋯2.6.4蒸汽(静)弯应力·，·························⋯⋯2.5.1.1再热联合汽阀············，·················⋯⋯2.6.7蒸汽参数·............................................2.2.8再热式汽轮机···········。····················，⋯2.1.12蒸汽负荷率······················。··········⋯⋯4.2.23再热蒸汽······，······················⋯⋯“‘一‘2.2.2蒸汽流道·............................................2.4.1再热蒸汽参数······················⋯⋯‘·一2.2.12蒸汽凝结温度·...................................4.2.19再热蒸汽管··································一2.6.15蒸汽室·...............................................2.3.1再热(汽)阀······························⋯⋯2.6.3蒸汽透平·········································一2.1.1自然通风(湿式)冷却塔··············‘·一4.4.15整锻转子······························，·····⋯⋯2.3.33总热效率·................·····，·····⋯⋯‘二2.11.19整体旁路容量···甲··················⋯⋯‘二‘·3.2.1.6展弦比·.......................................·一2.4.46整体旁路系统·······················，······⋯⋯3.2.1.1胀差········································⋯⋯2.9.12整体围带叶片··············，···············⋯⋯3.3.30胀差指示器·································⋯⋯2.7.44支撑板··················。····················⋯⋯4.3.10胀管··。···，··············。·····，··········一4.3.12支持轴承······，···，····················，··⋯⋯2.3.47罩壳······，·················，·················""""2.8.20直管式加热器·...................................5.1.2.4噪声级············。·······················⋯⋯2.11.26直接干式冷却系统·................................4.5.6噪声水平··············⋯⋯，’···········⋯⋯2.11.26直叶片············。··························⋯⋯2.3.18增压油泵································‘·····一2.8.8止推轴承······。···········。····‘············⋯⋯2.3.48真空4·····，······························"0""""4.2.17中间冷却器···4·····，················⋯⋯‘·“二“-4.4.8真空除氧·······。·····························，⋯6.1.3终端参数·........................··········⋯⋯2.2.14真空度·...........................................4.2.18中压缸起动······························⋯⋯‘二2.9.10真空破坏器················，········⋯⋯‘·‘一’-2.7.34中压汽轮机·························，·······⋯⋯2.1.14真空试验，··，·······‘·‘······，········，’·⋯2.11.20周期性负荷运行······，······。·······⋯⋯2.9.23真空下降率·································⋯⋯4.6.1轴承座········...................··········⋯⋯2.3.50振动指示器·································⋯⋯2.7.46轴承箱·······································⋯⋯2.3.50

55DL/T893一2004轴端功率·········................................2.2.29转速脉冲发生器··························⋯⋯2.7.13轴封···················。·········‘······，·····一2.3.41转子··········，，，·······，·，·········，···甲·⋯⋯2331轴封抽汽器·································⋯⋯2.8.18转子动平衡······························⋯⋯2.5.2.13轴封冷却器·····，························0......2.8.17转子共振转速··，........................⋯⋯2.5.2.5轴流式汽轮机·，·，··········，···，·····，·，·。·⋯⋯2.1.4转子静平衡·····························，⋯⋯2.5.2.12轴系·...............................................23.46转子体·······································⋯⋯2.3.32轴系扭振······························⋯⋯2.5.2.3转子轴向推力···4·‘·······甲·········一2.5.2.11轴系稳定性······························⋯⋯2.5.2.4自调整汽封·······························‘·⋯⋯2.3.44轴向位移保护装置·········....................2.7.42自动起动控制系统····················，··⋯⋯2.7.39轴向位移指示器.................................2.7.43自复位装置···，··············，-·······，·，·。⋯⋯2.7.19主回路························，···········⋯⋯3.1.1.9自起动装置·································⋯⋯2.7.47主汽阀························，··············⋯⋯2.6.1自由叶片·.........................................2.3.29主脱扣器..........................................2.7.31总体传热系数······························⋯⋯4.2.26主油泵·······································⋯⋯2.8.3最大过负荷功率···························⋯⋯2.11.11主蒸汽·.....................................··一2.2.1最大功率‘······，··············‘·..............2.11.10主蒸汽管·.........................................2.6.14最大连续功率······························⋯⋯2.11.9主蒸汽流量·································⋯⋯2.2.15最低负荷运行·····························⋯⋯2.9.27主蒸汽压力调节器·······，·，············......2.7.22最高升速·.........................................2.11.33主轴····，·····································⋯⋯2.3.37最高转速·.........................................2.11.32注油器·············...............................2.8.10址们红比··································4··⋯2.4.17转速变换器···。·，·，······················，··⋯⋯2.7.17报小流'e-装置···，························，····⋯⋯5点8转速不等率······························⋯⋯2.11.34

56DL/T893一2004英文对应词目索引abnormaloperation‘二‘””······⋯⋯“二‘·“’·’·”’·’·”‘·⋯“·‘二‘·‘’二”·’二”·’·“‘’““’·‘·’‘’·’·”’·’·‘’二‘’·2.9.25absoluteanchorpoint........................................................................’二”·’二”·’·’·‘·⋯‘二“·2.3.57acceptancetest’·’‘’⋯“’“’·’·’‘’·’二‘·“’·‘·“’·’·”’·’·””’·“’·‘二‘·‘’二‘’·’二”·’二””二“·‘·“二’·”’·’·“二‘--2.11.25actualenthalpydrop.0...................·一‘.·.·················⋯⋯‘二‘’·’·············⋯⋯“‘⋯“二‘··⋯⋯2.2.26afte卜cooler...................................................................······································.···。二4泌月aftloadingblade......................................................................................................’二2.3.23ageing...’二‘二‘·”·”’·’·’‘’·‘二‘·“二’二‘·”二’·’“·’二‘.⋯“’‘’二‘’·’二’·”二“·‘二‘·‘’二‘·‘’二”·’二”................2.10.10aircondenser··································。。······················.。·。。····..........................................45.1aircooler。···················。·。·························。。······。·。·········。···········。·。·............................452aircoolingtower·‘·‘·“’‘”·’·’···⋯⋯‘二‘·“’·’二”·’·””‘’·““.“·‘’二’·‘’二’·”二’................................4.5.3aircoolingzone·································⋯⋯‘.⋯“’‘’·········⋯⋯‘·‘二‘·“二‘·‘’二’·’·········⋯⋯‘二‘·‘’二4.3.7airejector····⋯⋯‘·‘·’‘’‘’········⋯⋯‘二‘·“’·’·”’·’·”··⋯““二‘·‘’二‘·“二’·”二’·”⋯’·‘二‘二’二‘’·’·”’·’·’‘二4.4.3airventsystem·⋯‘·‘·“’‘”········，···⋯⋯“’·‘·”’·’·””·····⋯⋯‘’二‘·“’·’·”二’·”’·’二‘·“·‘’二‘’·‘·‘”·’·”二5.3.7airtightcoefficient.........................................................’二’··⋯⋯‘二‘二‘二‘·‘’二‘·‘’二”·’·”‘·“‘4.2.27alarmandprotectionsystem···········⋯⋯“‘·’二‘’·············⋯⋯‘二‘·“二‘·············⋯⋯“二“·‘·’‘’·⋯2.7.38amplifier’二’·“’·’·“‘.“·‘二‘’‘”·’·’‘’·’‘’‘’‘’⋯’二’·’‘’·’·”’·““.‘二“’·‘·‘”·’·’‘’·’·’‘二’·’‘二‘二‘·’‘’·’·’2.7.14analogicalelectro-hydrauliccontrolsystem(AFH)......................................*******,*,*****.............2.7.6anchorpoint”‘”·’·”’·‘·‘’““·’·”’·’·”’·’·”“‘二‘·‘’二‘·”’·’·”二‘二“‘⋯‘二‘·”‘·’二”·’·”’·’·”’·‘·“二‘二’二2.3.56arcendloss..................................................................................···。··················⋯⋯2.4.30arearatio...........................................................................··················..。。。·····。··。··⋯2.4.44aspectratio........................‘二‘二‘·’‘’·’·”·”’·’··⋯‘·“.⋯“’·’二”·’·””’··⋯‘二‘二‘·“‘·’·‘’‘·’·’‘二’·’二‘2.4.46atmosphericdeaerator‘二‘’“···········⋯⋯‘·“·‘’二‘·”二’·····⋯⋯‘二‘二‘·’‘’‘’二‘’·’二’······⋯⋯‘⋯“二‘........6.1.5atackangle”·’·””’二’‘’‘.“·“’‘”·’·”’·’·”‘.‘二‘二‘二‘·’‘’·’二’·”二’‘·‘·”“‘二‘.‘’二‘·‘”·”·’二”·’·”’·’二‘二2.4.51automaticfeedwaterbypasssystem⋯⋯‘·“’‘’‘·’·’‘’·’·”’·‘·””’二‘’·’二‘·‘’‘·‘’‘”·’·”二’‘·‘二“‘二“...........5.3.5automaticrunbackdevice························。·。····························。·。····。·····················.。····。二2.7.19automaticstart-updevice·······························⋯⋯“‘·“·‘’‘·’·‘’··········⋯⋯“二““二‘·‘’二‘’·’二”·2.7.47automaticturbinestartupcontrol(ATC)····························································。········⋯⋯2.7.39auxiliaryoilpump..............................................................................‘二‘·“二‘·‘’‘·‘’·’二”....2.8.4availabilityfactor(AF)................................................................................................2.10.21availablehours(AH)··································································。··················⋯⋯‘·⋯‘二2.10巧availablestate.......................................................·····················。。。························一2.10.11axialdisplacementlimitingdevice““二‘·”·‘”·’·”’·”·’‘·⋯⋯‘二‘二’二‘·‘”·‘·········⋯⋯‘⋯“二‘··⋯⋯2.7.42axialflowturbine........................................:................................................................2.1.4backpressureregulator‘·“’·‘·”””·⋯‘二‘·“’‘”·’·”’·’二””二’·”’·’‘’‘.““‘二‘·“’·‘·‘”·’·”’·’·’‘二“““‘’‘2.7.24backwashingsystem“““‘’‘’·’‘”‘’·’·“‘·‘·“””·’·”’·’二’‘’‘二’·’‘’·’·’‘二‘·‘’二‘’‘’二‘·”二’·”’·’·’‘二‘’·‘二‘’·4.4.12backpressureturbine.................................................................“二’二‘’·’二””’·’·”··⋯‘二‘.....2.1.7barrel-typecasing.........................................................................................................2.3.354

57DL/T893一2004base-loadoperation·············。···················。···························································⋯⋯2.9.20base-loadturbine······························································································⋯⋯2.1.23bearinggear···········，·································································。······················⋯⋯2.8.16bearinghousing··················。·····················································。··························⋯⋯2.3.50bearingpedestal·················································································。·················⋯⋯2.3.50beehivegland............................................................................................................2.3.43beehivepacking.........................................................................................................2.3.43beehiveseal·······。··。·。·············。。。.·。·········。·。··················。·············。··。·················。··⋯⋯23.43blade·····。。···················。········。·········································。······························..........2.3.5bladecentrifugalbendingstress.......................................................................................2.5.1.3bladecentrifugaltensilestress······································································。··········⋯⋯2.5.1.2bladedisk·······································································································⋯⋯2.3.28bladefatigue···················································。···········································⋯⋯2.5.1.10bladeprofile···········。········，·················································································⋯⋯2.4.35bladeresonantvibration.........................................................................···············⋯⋯2.5.1.5bladeseal········································································································⋯⋯2.8.38bladetuning⋯’二’·“‘·‘·‘···⋯⋯‘·“二‘·‘·····⋯⋯“············⋯⋯‘·····································⋯⋯2.5.1.4bladewheel·································。··································································⋯⋯2.3.28bladewidth............................···。····················。·········。····················。·················。。·⋯⋯2.4.37blade-diskvibration························································································。···⋯⋯2.5.1.9blade-endloss..............................................···································。···················⋯⋯2.4.21boosteroilpump.........................................................................................................2.8.8boosterpump··············，····...........................................................................................5.4.9bowedblade·························。·············································。··························⋯⋯2.3.20by-passsystem............................................................................................................3.2.1calendarage二“·················.························································。·······················⋯⋯2.10.9capacityofhighpressureby-passsystem·····································································⋯⋯3.2.1.6capacityofintegralby-passsystem·········································································⋯⋯’·3.2.1.6capacityoflowpressureby-passsystem·····································································⋯⋯3.2.1.7cascade····························。。。······················。·。···························。···················。·····。二2.3.17casing........................................................................................................................2.3.2chemicalcleaning.........................................................................................................4.6.6chemicaldeaeration···············。·······················..............................................................6.1.1chordlength⋯‘二“·················································。············································。··⋯2.4.38circulatingwater............................................................................................................4.2.3circulatingwaterpump...................................................................................................4.4.2deanlinessfactor·········。·············。········。···，···························································⋯⋯4228cogenerationturbine·····························································································⋯⋯2.1.10coiltubeheader-typeheater····················································································⋯⋯5.1.2.6coldreheatsteamconditions····················································································⋯⋯2.2.13coldstart-up‘二‘二‘.’‘’·’二’二‘·“二’二’...................................................................................2.9.555

58DL/T893一2004combinedcyclesteamturbine”·’·’‘’·’·’‘’·’二””’·‘·”’·‘·’‘’‘’·””’二””’·’·’“·’·”’·’·”’·’·’‘’·””·’‘’·‘·’2.1.29combinedreheatvalve·····，，············、·，············...................................‘···，，··........2.6.7combinedvalve····························，··································，····，····.................................2石jcompoundbowedandtwistedblade⋯⋯“·’····。⋯‘·”···一‘·‘··⋯⋯‘”·，⋯⋯“····⋯⋯‘···⋯⋯‘·⋯2.3.21condensate·····，···，···········，·，············‘·······，····················.............................................4.2.2,nndrnsateflowrate···················.····.······.·.··········.····.·。·..·.···，⋯⋯4.2.4condensatepump⋯⋯‘二‘二‘，·4····一‘..........................··⋯⋯““‘·‘·“‘一‘..............................4.4.1condensatetemperature“·‘二‘··.·····⋯⋯‘.“’···一’·’·“‘二”‘.’·’···一’‘二‘·“‘·⋯”·’·’⋯’·“二‘·‘’⋯”’二“-4.2.5condenser···，···························。········，·····.·.·.。.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.，.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·.·................................4.1.1condrn,:rrcharacteristics····，·········“·‘··，，，，·····.········，，，·.‘···‘········，······.·“.................4石4condensercleaningdevice“·‘·····⋯⋯‘⋯“‘·······⋯⋯“·‘·‘··，·，·，一““““‘·····⋯⋯‘·“·“‘··⋯⋯’⋯4.4.11condenserdeaeration....···*......···。····················。·················........................................42.15condenserduty····，·，·········，···········，，·················⋯⋯‘·········，·····················，·，⋯‘·········。⋯4.2.24condenserequipment·····，⋯⋯”····⋯⋯’·’··⋯⋯‘”·’···一””’··⋯⋯’·”’·’⋯’·‘·‘’二”·⋯“’一’二‘·’‘二3.1.1.6condenserload··，··，·····4·，，··，·············，，甲，·····‘·····，，·，，··‘·‘···，，····，···········，，··⋯4.2.24condenserperformancetest······················。·。······································。·一’······，...........4.6.2condenserpressure................................................................................................·一4.2.16condensingturbine.........‘·，·······，一”·“⋯，价·’·⋯’二’一‘··⋯’-，一’·‘二’·，，二‘·····一‘。，.⋯‘.‘一’二2.1.6condensingwater.........................................................................................................4.2.2condensingzone........................................................................一“................·一“......4.3.6constant-pressureoperation··········一‘二’······，··一‘·‘·，········一‘·“二‘···········，··⋯‘·‘······⋯⋯2.930controloilsystem.........................................................................................................2.8.1controlvalve···，，···········............................................................................................2.62coolendsystem·4........·.........................................................·‘二’.................·一’........4.2.1coolingrate‘····⋯⋯‘·“’·’···⋯⋯“‘一‘”4‘····⋯⋯‘二’·”····，⋯⋯““二‘’“··，····⋯⋯““‘·‘⋯⋯‘··⋯4.2.12coolingshutdown·，·⋯⋯’·····.······一“’·“···一‘·‘··⋯’·‘·“·.··一‘·‘’·’‘’，⋯⋯‘·‘’·’⋯’·’··，·⋯‘·...2.92coolingsurfacearea·······。一’·····⋯⋯’·’···⋯⋯’·”·⋯⋯”’·’·。··⋯’‘’·’·’·一“二‘·‘’⋯”’·’一‘·‘二‘·‘4.2.10coolingtower0.......···.··甲·，⋯’·，·····，一’·’‘·，·‘·······，，·，，二“‘··.·，甲···，，，二‘二’··‘⋯‘，，⋯⋯4.4.14coolingwater......’二’·’‘’·‘二’二‘二”·’·”，二““’二’·’‘二’........................“‘·’·.⋯‘’‘’·’““‘·‘·’·’“.’二‘--4.2-3coolingwaterflowrate...................................................................................................4.2.6coolingwaterleakagedetector‘····一，.’···⋯⋯‘二’一，·‘一’4·⋯“.’·’‘一‘·‘·‘’4’一‘4’⋯‘，‘4“·“二4.4.10coolingwatertemperature·，······················，，.....................................................................4.2.7coolingwatertemperaturerise...........‘·‘·······，···········4············一‘···4··············一‘···一4.2.8coolingwatertube·，·················⋯⋯‘二‘···，·········⋯⋯‘·········，⋯‘⋯”·········一““·‘⋯⋯‘二‘··⋯432coolingzone‘二‘·“’·’·””“·‘二‘’·”·’·’‘’·’·‘’“‘二‘·”二’·”’·’“‘·‘·”’·’·”’·’·’‘一“‘·‘’‘·‘’“二’·’··⋯““’二‘’·4.3.6coupling’⋯‘⋯⋯“’·‘·‘’“‘’··，·⋯‘二’·”’“二’···，，二“‘·‘·”’·’·‘···，··⋯’·“’二‘.·⋯‘’⋯‘·‘’“‘·‘.⋯⋯“4’二2.3.45coverenclosure...........*‘···4············-····，········-·········。‘····，，·········。。‘···甲·······卜‘2.8.20crosscompoundturbine‘一’‘⋯⋯“’·‘二‘·⋯⋯’‘’·’·“二“””⋯⋯’“⋯“·一’·”’·”·‘二“‘’二‘’“”’·’2.1.22crossoverpipe’⋯⋯’.‘·‘’··⋯‘二‘二’·，⋯‘二‘’⋯⋯”⋯’二‘一‘二’二价·“’二‘，一‘二‘一’二“二‘’4’二‘二‘二2.6.16cyclingoperation·“‘二’·’“‘一’⋯‘·‘·“”‘·‘·，一’““二‘’·’‘.’·”··一“’.“’..⋯‘·’·’‘·’“·““二”·’二’‘”’‘2.9.23cylinder·······，⋯⋯’.······，··················，⋯‘.··········。·。··⋯⋯“二‘.·。·，⋯，⋯‘⋯‘二‘..···，⋯⋯‘·‘二2.3.2cylinderexpansionindicator’‘’·“’二”““‘··，一’“““‘’‘’“’·”二”’，‘’‘.““‘·”’·‘”·””“““”，’·”’‘’·2.7.4556

59DL/T893一2004dead-band·········‘···············，·····················‘···················‘·······································一2.11.35deadpoint··⋯“·”‘·‘二“.“·‘二‘二’二‘二’·“··⋯⋯‘’·’·’‘’·’二“·⋯⋯’·”二’·”二”·’·”二‘·’‘·“’·’·“二“‘’·“二2.3.56deaerationhead····································································。··························..........6.2.1deaera加r..............................................................................................................·一3.1.1.4deaeratornozzle............................................................................................................62.2deaeratoroutput............................................................................................................6.4.2deaeratorratedoutput·············································⋯⋯‘·‘·········⋯⋯‘二’二’·’‘’·’··⋯⋯’二”....6.4.3deferredoutage······························。·················。····················。·。························⋯⋯2.10.14.4degreeofsuperheat·‘·······一‘⋯“二‘·······‘⋯‘·‘二’···..⋯⋯‘⋯’·’··⋯‘·⋯⋯’.⋯’二‘二‘二2.2.9delayedoutage·····································，·············。···························‘············。·⋯’·⋯2.10.14.2designconditions·······························································································⋯⋯2.2.16designlife’二’·”’4’二’‘·’二’·’‘’·’·’‘二’二”·’二’·’‘二“4’·”’·’·”二’·‘’·‘’·’·”’·‘·‘’二‘”‘二”·’·’‘’·’·”二’‘4‘二”·2.10.2diagnosistechniqueforresiduallife...............‘················‘················‘⋯⋯‘一’·‘’一‘··⋯2.10.6diameter-lengthratio’·········，·⋯⋯’·”二’·”··⋯‘二‘二’二‘’·’·‘”·”‘⋯‘二’二‘’·’·”’·‘.‘.””‘’二”·’·”·“‘””2.4.54diaphragm......................·一’......................................’二‘’·’·····。··⋯‘·‘’二‘’·’·’··⋯⋯“’·’·‘2.3.10diaphgramcarrierring··········，....................................................................................2.3.15diaphragmseal·‘············⋯⋯“二‘········⋯⋯‘·“·“二’·······一‘·“.·⋯‘二‘·4一“·‘二’·“二’二‘’⋯“二‘’·2.3.40diferentialaccelerator···············‘············，···················。·····‘·············‘···················⋯⋯2.7.30diferentialexpansion...................................................................................................2.9.12diferentialexpansionindicator..............................................................“二“·‘二‘二‘二’·’‘·‘’·‘2.7.44digitalelectro-hydrauliccontrolsystem(DEH).‘4.“‘·‘二‘·······················⋯⋯‘··⋯“⋯“二‘·“..........2.7.5directcontactheater·······，········，·····，.···，.‘········，··‘·‘·，.···.·.’···.··.·，.···.··.一5.1.1directdrycoolingsystem·························，·····································，·，················一’........4.5.6disc.........................................................................············。·····。··········。········⋯⋯2.3.25discfrictionloss..............·································。··············································⋯⋯2.4.28distributionofenthalpydrop····························4········⋯⋯“‘·‘········⋯⋯‘·“二‘’·’·’‘’，⋯⋯‘一‘4”二2.4.3double-rowstage‘···········⋯⋯‘二‘’·’·”’····⋯⋯‘二’二‘.⋯”’·‘··⋯‘二‘⋯‘⋯”二‘’·‘·“··⋯’二”·’·“二‘·”二2.4.9draincock·························。···。·。。·。。。。··。································································。⋯2.6.12draincooler·······························.............................................................................52石drainpipe......一‘........................................................................................·一““·‘2.6.17drainpump····，··············，·，·，·”.··············⋯⋯‘·“··········，·，··········，，·，·，·.............................5.3.2drainsystem⋯’···············一’·············一’二‘··········⋯⋯’“·’········⋯⋯’·⋯“.·······⋯⋯‘二’·’2.9.13drainvalve········································································································⋯⋯2.6.12drippingdevice............................................................................................................6.2.3drumrotor··········‘··············‘·············‘·········，··········‘·············‘·············甲··⋯⋯2.3.36drycoolingsystem.........................................................................................................4.5.5drycooingturbine’·’‘········⋯⋯’二’·”二‘·‘’··.·。⋯‘···········⋯⋯”·’·”·····⋯⋯‘·”’·’·’‘二“·‘二‘二‘·‘’二2.1.24dummypiston.......................············································，·································⋯⋯2.3.522.11.3economicconditions57

60DL/T893一2004effectivelengthoftube...................................................................................................4.3.8electricoverspeedtrippingdevice‘’·’·’‘”’··⋯‘·⋯““‘二““二’·“‘·’·‘’‘·’·‘”·’·‘”‘’·”’·’··············⋯⋯2.7.29electricalauxiliarypower·························。················································，············⋯⋯2.11.5electricalpower’·”二’·”’·‘二’·“’·‘·‘’“‘二‘·“‘·‘二‘’‘’二‘·“’·’·‘”·’·”’‘’·”’‘’·”’·’二””二””二””·’“·’·”’·2.11.4electricalspeedgovernor‘·”’‘’二’·”’·’·”‘”’·””’·’·‘’‘’‘二’‘’‘’·’·“二’·“二‘·“二‘·“’·’·“二‘二‘’·‘·‘’二’·‘”·2.7.12electro-hydrauliccontrolsystem(EHC)‘二‘..........................................................................2.7.4electro-hydraulicservovalve‘二‘·’‘’‘’二”‘’二’·””’二””’·’·”’·’·“’·’·’‘’·‘·‘’‘·’·‘’‘’‘二’“‘二‘·“二““二‘·“二“-2.7.3emergencyblowdownvalve‘二‘’“’·‘·’‘’4’二‘·‘”·’·”’·’二””’·’·”’·’·”’·’·”’·’·‘””·“’·’·””“·“’‘·‘’‘·’·’2.6.11emergencydrainsystem................................................“二‘.‘二‘·“.⋯“二‘·“’·‘·“’·‘·“’·‘·“’·’·‘’二5.3.3emergencygovernorpilotvalve’二‘”’二’·””’二””二’·‘”·’·‘’‘”二’‘’‘·‘’‘’‘二’‘’‘’·’‘’‘’·⋯⋯‘二‘二‘·“.⋯‘2.7.28emergencygovernor’·’“·’·““‘二‘·“’‘’二‘’“‘·‘·“’·’·”’‘”·’·“’·’·’‘’·’·”’·’·”’·’二””·”’·”·’·”二””’·”·2.7.27emergencyoilpump····。····························································⋯⋯‘·‘·‘二“·‘二“‘二“.“二‘二‘·‘2.8.5energyutilizationcoeficient..........................................................................................2.11.19equalizingvalve......................................................‘二“·‘·“‘·‘二“·‘·““’二‘’‘’二‘·“二‘..............2.6.8equivalentavailabilityfactor(EAF)‘·““‘二‘·“二‘.................................................................2.10.22exhausthood·········.................................................................................................23乃4exhauststeam.........................··························································。·········。·。。··。····。··。二2之石exhauststeamcasing’·”’·’二’·’‘’·’二“’‘二’·“‘·‘·“‘·‘·““‘二‘·“’·‘·‘’‘·‘·“’·‘·”’·’二”‘’二‘’‘”·‘·”二’·”’·’·’2.3.54extendedoutage·······································································⋯⋯“‘⋯‘⋯‘⋯“‘⋯‘.‘二2.10.14.5extractioncheckvalve··········........................................................................................2.6月extractionpressureregulator””二’·”’·’·“’·‘二’‘”二”’‘’·‘·“‘·‘·’““二‘’“二‘·‘’二‘·“’·‘·“二‘·’‘’·‘二‘”’二‘·‘2.7.23extractionsteam--*----...·。···。················································.··························。。一22.3extractionsteamconditions··。·。·····。···················。··················································⋯⋯2.2.10ex打actionturbine·············...........................................................................................2.1.8fastvalvingprotection························································⋯⋯‘⋯‘·⋯’‘二“’‘二’·’‘’·‘·’‘’，’·’2.9.34feedwaterheater········。·················。····················。····。··。。·。··。。。··。··················。·。··。·⋯⋯3.1.1.2feedwaterheatingsystem‘·“’‘’················································································⋯⋯3.1.1.1feedwaterpressureloss...................................................................................................5.4.5feed-waterpump⋯‘·⋯‘’·’·’·’·“’“‘·‘·“二‘·“’·‘·’‘’‘’二‘’二‘·’‘’·’·”’·’·”’·’·’·”二””二’....................5.4.7feedwatertemperature’·”‘”二’·””’·“”’二‘·“‘·‘·“二‘二‘’‘’二‘·‘’二‘·‘’二‘·”’·‘·‘”·’·”’·’·”·”二’·”二’·”二3.1.1.3feedwatertemperaturerice.............................................................................................5.4.4fillerlayer..............................................................................................................“二6.2.4filmtypedeaerator..................‘二‘·“.⋯“’·‘·’‘’·‘二’·‘”·’·’‘’·’·‘”·’·”’·’·”’·’·“’·’·“‘·‘二‘·’‘二’.’‘’·’·’6.1.10finalblade·······················································‘·······。······。································⋯⋯23.24finaltemperaturedifferenceofheater.................................................................................5.4.2fixedpressureoperationofdeaerator.........’二‘·”二“”’·’·”’·‘·”’·‘·’‘’·‘二“·’二’·’‘二’‘’‘二‘·“‘·‘·“二‘........6.3.1flexiblerotor······················。······································································。·.O.·.·.。。二2.5.2名flowcoefficient。······。··········。······················································。··。····。·················。··⋯2.4.19flowlagangle.................................................................................‘二‘二‘·“’·‘·“’·‘·“’‘’二2.4.52flowturningangle······································································⋯⋯“‘·“.“二‘二‘二‘·“’⋯‘2.4.53fluidrivecoupling’······················································································。········⋯⋯5.4.1158

61DL/T8932004forcedoutagehours(FOH)2.10.18forcedoutagerate(FOR)2.10.20free-standingblade......‘二2.3.29full-arcadmission·····。一2.2.21Ggeothermalsteamturbine·······················································································一2.1.27glandsteamcondenser·························································································⋯⋯2.8.17glandsteamexhauster·········。·······························。···········。····································⋯⋯2.8.18governingstage’·.··⋯⋯’..............................................................................................2.4.7governingsystem.........................................................................................................2.7.1governingvalve............................................................................................................2.6.2governorimpeller··································································。·····························⋯⋯2.7.10grossheatrate，·······。······················································........................................2.11.16guideblade..................................................................................................................2.3.8guidebladering···································································································⋯⋯2.3.13Hheadertypeheater························.............................................................................5.1.2.5heatbalancecalculation.............-.························。·············································⋯⋯3.1.1.7heatconsumption......................................................................................................2.11.巧heatindicationtest···························································································⋯⋯2.5.2.14heatinsulatinglayer·····························································································⋯⋯2.8.19heatnetwork···············。·。···········。·········································。··········。···············⋯⋯3.1.1.11heatsink··············.....................................................................................................4.2.1heatercondensingzone...................................................................................................5.2.2heaterdesuperheatingzone.............................................................................................5.2.1heaterdraincoolingzone................................................................................................5.2.3heaterdrainsystem......................................................................................................5.3.1heateroperationrate··············。···················································。······················..........5.5.1heatertemperaturedecreaserate.......................................................................................5.5.4heatertemperatureriserate.............................................................................................5.5.3heatertube-blockingrate................................................................................................5.5.2Hellersystem...............................................................................................................4.5.8highpressureby-passsystem....................................................................................·一3.2.1.2highpressuredeaerator...................................................................................................6.1.4highpressurefeedwaterheater..........................................................................................5.1.6highpressureturbine·····························································································⋯⋯2.1.15hybridoperation.........................................................................................................2.9.33horizontalheater........................................·····················一··········..................................5.1.3horizontaltypedeaeratorhotrunningtest···⋯⋯2.5.2.14hotstart-up............’二‘..................................................................................................2.9.759

62DL/T893一2004hotwell········。··。·····················。。·····················。··。·········...............................................4.3.5hybridstart-upofhigh-mediumpressurecylindercouplet.........................................................2.9.9hydraulicaccumulator···································⋯⋯“二‘二’二‘’····⋯⋯‘··⋯’二‘’·’·”’·’·”二“..........2.8.9hydrauliccleaning‘二‘·‘’二‘·‘’二’·····⋯⋯‘·“‘·‘·”二’二’二’·’⋯‘二‘二‘’·’·”’·’·’‘二’·“二‘’·’·“’·’·”二”·’二’·“二4.6.7hydrauliccoupling·················。···。········⋯⋯‘二‘二‘二‘二’二’·····⋯⋯‘二‘·‘’二’·”二”·’·’‘’““‘二’二‘”’·’5.4.11hydraulicservo-motor‘·“’‘’···········⋯⋯‘二“·’二‘’·’二’‘·’··⋯‘·“.⋯‘”·’·”二’·”·“.·⋯“·‘·‘’·”二’·’‘二2.7.15hydraulicspeedgovernor··············。··········⋯⋯‘·‘二‘二‘二‘········⋯⋯‘·‘’二‘二’二”·’·”’·’·’‘·“二‘·‘’二”-2.7.9idealenthalpydrop..................................................................‘二‘二‘’·······⋯⋯’“‘·“二‘·‘’二2.2.24idealpower.....‘二‘二’·············一“·‘二“·’二”···⋯⋯“‘·⋯‘’·’·”二’二’··⋯‘二‘二‘·”‘·’·‘’二””二“·‘二‘二2.2.25idealjetvelocity................................................................................”二’·”二“·““.”’‘”’2.4.15idletime··································。。。。·····················。·。·。····················。························.。二2.9.15immediateoutage··············。···································⋯⋯“·················⋯⋯‘·“.·······⋯⋯2.10.14.1impulsestage····························································································⋯⋯’‘’·‘··⋯2.4.13impulseturbine···⋯⋯‘二‘二‘·············⋯⋯“二‘·‘’二‘·”二’··⋯‘·“二‘’·’二”·’·”’·’·’‘二‘·“二‘二’·”’·’·’‘二”-2.1.2incidence···················。······。·············。··。。·。···。·········⋯⋯。..·························。·········⋯⋯2.4.51incidenceloss............................................................................................................2.4.25incrementalspeedgoverningdroop’二’二’二’·”二“·‘二‘·‘’二’二”·’二’二‘’·‘·“.⋯’‘’·’·”二’二‘’·’二‘二‘二‘·‘’二2.11.36indirectdrycoolingsystem‘.⋯’············⋯⋯“·‘·“二’二”·’二’·”⋯‘·‘二‘’⋯“’·’·”’·’·”’·““‘’‘’‘’“’‘”二4.5.7indirectdrycoolingsystemofsurfacecondenser·········⋯⋯‘············································⋯⋯’二4.5.9initialload·············⋯⋯。.········。···············。··。·························。···················。·。····⋯⋯2.9.14initialsteam...............................................................................................................22.1initialsteamflowrate...................................................................................................2.2.15initialtemperaturediference.................................’二‘’·’二’·”二”·‘二‘二’·’‘’‘’·”’·’·”’·’·’“·⋯‘二‘’‘4.2.21initialtemperaturediferenceofheater···············⋯⋯‘二‘’·‘二‘二‘二‘’·’二”·’·’“·’·’‘’·‘·“二‘·‘’‘·’·”’·’二’二5.4.1inletflowangle·⋯⋯‘·‘·“二’二‘·········⋯⋯‘·‘二‘.⋯“’‘’二‘’·’二”，⋯“·’二‘’·’·”’·’·”’·’·’“‘.‘.‘.‘”·’二’二2.4.47inletgeometricangle··············⋯⋯‘···················⋯⋯‘·‘二‘二’二‘’·’二’‘·’··⋯‘·“‘⋯’‘’·’二”·’·”’·’二2.4.49integralby-passsystem‘二‘’·‘二”·’二’·”’·’·’‘’·‘·“·⋯‘”·’·”’·’二“’‘·“二’二‘一’二’二’二”·’·’“·‘·“.·⋯’二‘·’3.2.1.1integralrotor’二’二”·’二”·’··⋯“·‘二‘二’二’·”’·’·”’·’·’“·⋯“·’二”·’二”·’二“·‘二‘’·‘·”’·’·”’·’二‘’·’·’‘.·⋯2.3.33integralshroudblade’二’‘’‘.·⋯’‘·’二’·”二’二”·’·‘’二‘二“·‘二”·’二”·’·’“·‘二“·‘·”二’·’‘’·’·”’·‘·““⋯“·‘·‘3.3.30interceptvalve·······································⋯⋯‘.⋯’“·············⋯⋯‘·“二‘·’‘’·’·”’·····⋯⋯‘·‘二‘二2.6.4inter-cooler..........................................·············································一。......................4.4.8internaleficiency·············································⋯⋯‘二‘二‘·············⋯⋯“二‘二“⋯‘”·’二’··⋯2.2.31internalpower··⋯⋯“二’·················⋯⋯“·‘二‘’·’二‘········⋯⋯‘二‘二‘二‘·‘’二’·”’·’··⋯⋯‘二‘二’二‘·‘2.2.30isentropicenthalpydrop.....................................-'‘二’·⋯‘’‘·’二’二’二”·’·“.·⋯’二‘二”·’·’‘二’二’二’一2.2.24jackingoilpump.........................................................................................................2.8.6jetcondenser。·。···························。··············⋯⋯‘·························，⋯⋯‘二‘.......................45.4journalbearing2.3.4760

63DL/T893一2004labyrinthgland···································································································⋯⋯2.3.42labyrinthpacking·································。······················。·······································⋯⋯2.3.42labyrinthseal............................................................................................................2.3.42lacingwire··············。············。·············································································⋯⋯2.3.26lagging⋯‘·····⋯⋯‘······⋯⋯‘······⋯⋯‘··································································⋯⋯2.8.19leakageloss······。·························。·····································································⋯⋯2.4.31leavingvelocityloss··························。·························································。··········。⋯2.4.26leaving-velocity····································································。······························⋯⋯2.4.10life·····················。···········。···········。·······················。··································。·····。···⋯⋯2.10.1life(-time)expenditure··························································································⋯⋯2.10.7lifemanagement.........................................................................................................2.10.8lifeprediction............................................................................................................2.10.5limitingvacuum.........................................................................................................4.2.29loadlimitoperation·············································································。·。············⋯⋯2.9.16loadlimiter.................···。··········。·······。··。·······················。···········。···········。·········。··⋯⋯2.720loadtest····。······。····。。······················。·········..............................................................2.11.23loaduprate...............................................................................................................2.9.26lockoutdevice······································································。·························，··⋯2.732loadrejectiontest......................................................................................................2.11.24lockingblade............................................................................................................2.3.24lockingpiece··。····································。··································。···························⋯⋯2.3.25logarithmicmeantemperaturediference····································。································。··⋯4.2.25longbladefluter································································································⋯⋯2.5.1.6lowbearingoilpressuretrippingdevice·····································································⋯⋯2.7.35lowpressureby-passsystem·······································································。············⋯⋯3.2.1.3lowpressurecasingspray·································。···································。·················⋯⋯2.7.40lowpressurefeedwaterheater..........................................................................................5.1.5lowpressureturbine·····························································································⋯⋯2.1.13lubricatingoilsystem......................................................................................................2.8.2Mmechanicaldraft(wet)coolingtower·································································。······⋯⋯4.4.16magnifier‘二’.......................‘二’·⋯⋯“‘’·⋯⋯‘·“····⋯⋯’·····⋯⋯’···⋯⋯‘·’····⋯⋯‘······一2.7.14mainoilpump............................................................................................................2.8.3mainshaft··············。。·············································。········································⋯⋯2.337mainsteampipe·····································································................................2.6.14mainsteampressureregulator··················。······························································⋯⋯2.7.22mainstopvalve............................................................................................................2.6.1manualtripping.........................................................................................................2.11.28manualtrippingdevice······。···················································································⋯⋯2.7.36mastertrip·········································································································⋯⋯2.7.3161

64DL/T893一2004maximumcapability..................................................................................................2.11.10maximumoverloadcapability················································································⋯⋯2.11.11maximumspeed‘二““二‘二““·“二‘二““二““二‘·“.·⋯“⋯“二‘·“‘·‘·“二‘·“‘·⋯‘.⋯“二“...................2.11.32maximumspeedrise...................................................................................................2.11.33mechanical-centrifugalspeedgovernor..........................................’二”·’·”’·‘·‘’二‘·‘’二‘..............2.7.8mechanicalcleaning......................................................................................................4.6.5mechanicaleficiency................................................................................................2.2.32mechanicalhydrauliccontrolsystem(MHC)···································································一2.7.2mechanicalloss·························································································。··。··⋯2434medium-pressureturbine’·“’·‘·“’‘’二‘·‘’二‘·“二‘·“二‘·“’·‘·“’·‘·“二‘·“’·‘·“二‘·“.⋯“.⋯“⋯‘·‘··⋯⋯2.1.14minimumflowrecirculatingsystem二“二‘·“‘·‘·“‘.···⋯⋯‘⋯‘·⋯‘········⋯⋯’·”二”.........................5.4.8minimumload2.9.27mixedpressureturbine2.1.20mixingcondenser.........................................................................................................4.1.3mixingheater二‘·‘⋯‘·‘·‘·‘⋯‘二‘二“.....................................................................................5.1.1modifiedsliding-pressure···················································。···································⋯⋯2.9.32moisturecatcher.........................................................................................................2.3.53moistureloss······································································································⋯⋯2.4.32moistureremovaldevice················································。······································⋯⋯2.3.53moistureseparatorreheater··················。·····。···························································⋯⋯3.1.1.8mono-blockrotor······································。···················································。···。。。⋯2.3.33mosteconomicalcontinuousrating(ECR)··································································⋯⋯2.2.19movingblade...............................................................................................................2.3.9movingcascadeloss...................................................................................................2.4.24multi-pressurecondenser................................................................................................4.1.4multipressureturbine·····························································。···························⋯⋯2.1.20naturaldraft(wet)coolingtower······················································。·······················⋯⋯4.4.巧netheatrate·。······。·····。·。····.....................................................................................2.11.17netpositivesuctionhead···············。·。··⋯“二‘二‘二‘二““·‘.‘····························⋯⋯’·”二”·’二’二5.4.10netpower‘’‘”·‘·’‘’“·‘·“’·‘·“’“二‘·“‘·‘·“·“’‘’‘’‘二’·’‘二‘·’‘’·’·’‘’·’·’‘·’·，····························⋯⋯2.11.6noiselevel···························································。·······································。·····。··。一2.11.26noloadtest.................................................................·········。·········....................。二2.11.22no-loadoperation······························································································⋯⋯2.9.17nozzle........................................................................................................................2.3.7nozzlechamber............................................................................................................2.3滩nozzlegoverning································································································⋯⋯2.9.29nuclearsteamturbine.......................................................···。················。···。····.··.。····一2.1.28numberofpass.........................................................................................................4.2.11Oof-designconditions2.2.1762

65DL/T893一2004offdesignconditionsofcondenser"""0..................""0..........·····················，·················一4.6.3oilconditiondevice··，·，····，，，····，，，，，····，，·······，，···，，，甲····，，。‘···，····‘⋯2.8.巧oilcooler···················，·······。·，。·····。。·。·····。············。··。·。，·······················。··············⋯⋯2.8.14oilejector..........·········.........................................................···················，·4··⋯⋯2.8.10oillevelindicator········，，·，·····，··············，··········，，，·········，，·‘·······，·、·······，·，·········，，···⋯⋯2.8.13oilpurificationdevice·········································································，················⋯⋯2.8.15oilstrainer。。···，·4·····，，····。，·····，，······，4····。，·4···，，，4·········4‘。··，·，··1‘。·一2.8.15oil妞nk···。··········。········，···········。·······，············。············‘······················。··············⋯⋯2.8.11oiltankgasexhauster..........................................................................................··⋯⋯2.8.12oilturbine·。··，，，-···。，，，·，······，····，····，·········‘。··，，，。。·，，，···卜····，，，-·。。，··，，。，···‘····一2.8.7oilwhip⋯‘····一“‘···⋯⋯‘······一“····⋯⋯‘········。·············································，····⋯⋯2.5.2.9one-shiftoperation..................·一“‘······，，二‘·······一‘······，，4·.........................................2.9.22one-stageby-passsystem，··、······，····‘·······，，············，‘··········，····················，·，·········，····⋯⋯32.1.1optimumvelocityratio···························，······························································⋯⋯2.4.17outletarea·······，········，·4····，，，·····，·······，···“···，，······，，····‘··，，·-·‘，，·，··一2.4.43outletflowangle‘”’····⋯⋯‘····一’·····················，······················，·········，··················一2.4.48outletgeometricangle···············................................................········，···············。⋯2.4.50outletwatertemperatureofdeaerator·‘····，·，······，·，，，·‘······。，，·······，··，，···、···，·，...................·一6.4.1overloadvalve··。········。·，·····································，············································⋯⋯2石.10overallheattransfercoeficient‘·····，··········，，··.............................................······，，，···⋯⋯4.2.26overallthermaleficiency·，·。·······，·，········，，·，·········，··········，···········，···········，·...................2.11.19ove印ressureprotectiondevice···················································································⋯⋯5.3.6overspeedgovernor···甲·，·‘·，·，甲。···，····，，，·‘···甲···‘，甲，··价·，甲，，·‘··，，，···‘·2.7.27overspeedtripping、·‘····一“........................................................................................2.11.30overspeedtrippingdevice"."""""""""".""""""""""."0"0........·········，····················，··········，···⋯⋯2.7.26oxygencontentofcondensate·····，········，·，，·-······，·，，········，，·，，········，，··········，··········，，·‘·····一4.2.9oxygencontentofoutletwater‘··⋯⋯’·“······，···································..................................6.4.5partial-arcadmissiondegree·······················..................................······················⋯⋯2.2.23partial-arcadmission····甲，，，····‘··，，，······，·，·，········甲·······，甲······甲·甲··甲·，·。··、·，，，，甲‘一2.2.22peakregulationturbine················，··································，·················⋯⋯‘·············⋯⋯2.1.30peak-loadoperation······一‘......................··········一‘·⋯⋯“‘·····一“’‘····一“·····一‘·‘··⋯2.9.24periodhours(PH)，·.............................................········，···········，，··········，，·········，，··""0"""2.10.19phasingoperation·······························································································⋯⋯2.9.19pilotvalve“·····，一“·····一‘······一‘4····，，4····，，，·4······，········，，，·······一“‘·“‘，，，，·““一2.7.16pitch···，。··········，·································，·········，··‘·····················，‘·········，、········一‘··⋯2.4.39plannedoutage···，··································································.......................""""0"2.10.13POs中onedoutage，······甲，，·····，，，，····‘··，，，，，··‘，，，，···‘·‘。··，，，·、··，··，·“‘···，·，，···、‘····，，二“·2.10.14.3primarycoolingcircuit··················、···········································，························⋯⋯3.1.1.9pressureregulator2.7.21profileloss2.4.2063

66DL/T893一2004radialflowturbine·········..............................................................................................2.1.5ratedconditions···············。··············。·······································································一2.11.2ratedspeed·“’⋯⋯‘·’··⋯⋯‘·”··⋯‘”’··⋯‘二’·’⋯““’·’··⋯‘·”’⋯‘’二’·’⋯‘·‘”⋯“‘·‘”‘⋯“’·”’·‘·‘”·2.2.20ratedsteamconditions·。··················。·····························。···········。···························⋯⋯2.2.11ratioofheattoelectricity................................................................................................2.2.7reactiondegree⋯⋯‘·“·⋯⋯‘’⋯⋯‘·‘··⋯⋯‘’‘⋯⋯‘二’··⋯‘二”⋯“二’·’·⋯‘·‘’·’··⋯‘’‘’··⋯‘·”’⋯“‘·2.4.12reactionstage”··⋯“’⋯⋯‘·‘·”··⋯‘”’·⋯“’·’··⋯‘·“’⋯“‘·’··⋯‘·”’·’⋯‘·‘·”·⋯“’·’⋯‘·‘·”’二““·’·’2.4.14reactionturbine····。········。·······················································。············......................2.1.3regenerativeextractionsteam‘····⋯⋯‘’··⋯“·‘·’⋯‘·“”’⋯“’二’‘⋯“二’二’二‘二’‘”·“’·’·”’·‘·”’·’·“二’--2.2.4regenerativeturbine‘·”’⋯⋯‘”··⋯‘·’二”·⋯’·”⋯“‘’·’·”二‘·’‘’·’二‘二’·’‘’⋯”’·’·’‘二’·”’·’·‘”·’‘’‘二‘”2.1.11regulateddrainvalve......................................................................................................5.3.4regulatedextractionsteam..........................................................................................⋯‘·‘2.2.5regulatedextractionturbine.............................................................................................2.1.9regulatingextractionsteamvalve···⋯⋯‘··⋯⋯‘’···⋯⋯’·⋯⋯“’··⋯⋯‘·⋯⋯“··⋯⋯‘’‘”·⋯‘·’‘·’⋯‘二2.6.6reheatfactor·········。························。·········。·······。·········。····································。·······一244reheatsteam···········。·················。······················。·······················。··················。··...........2.2.2reheatsteamconditions·························································································。··⋯2.2.12reheatsteampipe·······························⋯⋯‘····⋯⋯‘·⋯⋯“‘·⋯⋯‘·‘⋯⋯‘’·‘··⋯⋯‘”·⋯‘·‘·”二2.6.15reheatstopvalve.........................................................................................................2.6.3reheatturbine···············。·············。··············。。········。·········。···················。·······。······。·。··⋯2.1.12relativeanchorpoint.............................................................................................‘二‘’·2.3.58relativebladeheight·······························································⋯⋯‘··⋯⋯‘·‘⋯⋯‘.·.··⋯⋯2.4.46relativepitch‘’·’⋯‘·’·”’·⋯‘·’‘’·⋯‘’‘’二“·⋯‘·”’⋯“’·’·’“·’二””二‘’·‘二”“二’·’‘二‘·’‘’·’·“‘·’·”·⋯‘’二2.4.45residuallife.......················。········。···································。···。································一2.10.4returnspeed’‘·⋯‘·”’⋯“””·⋯‘’‘’··⋯‘二’.......................................................................2.11.39rigidrotor⋯‘·“⋯⋯“‘’··一“二’··⋯‘·‘”··⋯“’二’‘·⋯’·”’⋯“’‘’·‘’“‘’·’·’‘’·‘·”’·’·’“·’·“‘”·“’·‘·’“·2.5.2.7rotatingdamper··········································⋯⋯‘············⋯⋯‘·············⋯⋯‘··⋯⋯‘··⋯⋯2.7.11rotatingdiaphragm.......................................................................................‘二‘·’‘·⋯‘’二2.3.11rotor。··········································。·········。·。················。····························。·······。⋯⋯2.3.31rotoraxialthrust....................................................................................············。·⋯2.5.2.11rotorblade················。·······。··.....................................................................................2.3.9rotordynamicbalancing..........................................................................................2.5.2.13rotorcriticalspeed⋯⋯‘····⋯⋯“·⋯⋯“’⋯⋯“二’··⋯‘·”’·⋯‘·‘”·’二“·’·”‘·’二‘·”二“·‘二’·‘’··⋯‘二’·‘2.5.2.6rotorpositionlimitingdevice..........................................................................................2.7.42rotorstaticbalancing·································································⋯⋯“··⋯⋯‘·⋯⋯“二’二2.5.2.12rotorvibrationresonancespeed......‘二’·’‘·⋯“’“⋯“‘’·’·‘⋯‘二‘·’‘二‘·‘”·‘二“·”·’·’⋯’二”·’·“’·’·’‘二‘·‘2.5.2.5rotorwithoutblades.........................................................................................···⋯⋯2.3.32runninghours(RH)...................................................................................................2.10.172.10.3safeoperationlife64

67DL/T893一2004safetyvalveofdeaerator··········..................................................................................-.6.2.6saturatedsteamturbine····，···，·····‘······，.·，·，·。·········，·，.·············，·，··············，·。···-·一2.1.26secondarycoolingcircuit···························，，··················，··················，，············。···⋯⋯3.1.1.10selfadjustinggland·····························································································⋯⋯2.3.44serpentine-tubeheader-typeheater·················...................····································⋯⋯5.1.2.7servomotorpositionindicator··················，·········................‘····，.，·······‘·········，.⋯2.7.41shaftendseal··，·，···‘。············，·。··‘。··········，·，··························。····························，··⋯2.3.41shaftgland·····⋯⋯‘···········⋯⋯“···································，···················-··················⋯⋯2.8.19shaftpositionindicator........................................................................···············⋯⋯2.7.43shaftpower....................................................................·........................................2.2.29shafting··⋯”·，，，·‘··⋯⋯‘·‘····⋯⋯’·‘·“‘······，一“‘⋯‘···一”‘一“二‘··⋯’·‘’，·⋯⋯‘’·’二“·.·，·，·⋯’二2.3.46shaftingstability.........................................................................................................2.5.2.4shell-and-tubeheater································。·，························································⋯⋯5.1.2.1shellsidepressureloss············......................................................................................5.4.6shockloss··，，·······‘·4···。····。···‘·，·····，······。············‘·。······。······。··，··，··-二2.4.22shroud.................···。············，·。·。。·····。·········‘。·············，·········。··························-·⋯2.3.16sidelingplacedblade·························································································。···⋯⋯2.3.22single-rowstage............................................................................................................2.4.8slidingkeysystem，················································，······....................················⋯2.3.55slidingpressureoperationofdeaerator.................................................................................6.3.2sliding-pressureoperation······················································································⋯⋯2.9.31solenoidtripping············。··············································..........................................2.11.29specificsteamconsumption······，·····················................................··················⋯⋯2.11.14speedchanger......·····‘·········，····‘··········，，，，···············，·······················，-················⋯⋯2.7.17speedgoverningdroop................................................................................................2.11.34speedgoverningoperation.............................................................................................2.9.18speedgovernor............................................................................................................2.7.7speedpulser·，·····‘............................................................‘········，··············，···⋯⋯2.7.13spongeballcleaning......................................................................................................4.6.8spongeballcleaningdevice···················································································⋯⋯4.4.13spraystuffingtypedeaerator············································。·····················..........................6.1.9spraytraydeaerator······................................................................······.....................6.1.8stage...............................’一““”’·‘”‘”一’‘·’·‘”‘’·“一’·”’‘’·‘·’‘.⋯”’·’一’.........................2.4.5staggerangle··························。···············································。····························，·⋯2.4.40startingcharacteristiccurve····················································································⋯⋯2.9.11start-up..............········································································.......................2.9.4start-upejector······“··············“········，···，············，·，·····，··········，···，·，···‘········，·，····-⋯4.4.5start-upofmedium-pressurecylinder·············，·······················································。···，·⋯2.9.10stationauxiliarypowerrate····················································································⋯⋯2.11.7stationauxiliarypowersystem.......................................................................................2.11.8statorblade................。·······。··，··4。·。。···。·····，···。。········，···，·‘···········。······。。·······4··，，··‘一2.3.6statorbladecarrierring············，·，····‘···········，·。·。··············，·····················，·················⋯⋯2.3.14statorbladering····，···················，···············································。··························⋯⋯2.3.1265

68DL/T893一2004statorcascadeloss·················。···。·。············。。·········。·········································。·。·····。一2.4.23steam(static)bendingstress···········。········································································⋯⋯2.5.1.1steamchest"""""""""""....-········。······························。···················。········。·········。·。·······。一2.3.1steamcondensingtemperature’·”“’二’·’‘·⋯“’·’·’‘二‘·”’·’二“·’·”’·’·“’·’·”‘⋯”’·’·”·⋯‘”·”·‘·‘”·’二4.2.19steamconditions............................................................................................................2.2名steamconsumption......................................................................................................2steamdistributinggear‘·”’steamdutyrate2.5.2.10steamflowexcitedvibrationsteamjetairejector。二4.4.72.11.14steamrate4.2.14steamresistance。··········一2.3.38steamsealsteamturbine······················································································.......................2.1.1steamturbineoffeedwaterpump··························。·········。·······················⋯⋯‘’···⋯⋯“··⋯3.1.1.52.5.2.10steamwhirl一2.3.18straightbladestraight-tubetypeheater.......****"**"“二‘’⋯⋯‘’‘·’·’⋯’·”’·’二‘二‘·”’·’·“’·‘·”’·‘·“’·’·”’·‘·‘’二’·“二’二5.1.2.4sttunk-onrotor···。···························。·····························。··········。。························⋯⋯23.35subcriticalpressureturbine··⋯“”’··⋯⋯‘·”’⋯“’·’·”’·‘·“·‘’二”·‘二‘·’‘二““二‘·”二“·’二””·“二‘·”二2.1.17supercoolingdegree·“‘.⋯⋯“‘·’·⋯⋯“’·’·一‘二‘·’··⋯‘”·’⋯‘⋯”’·⋯‘’·’二’‘·‘二‘’·’·”二‘·’‘’·’·⋯⋯’4.2.20super-highpressureturbine‘·”‘·‘二‘·”二’·’“·‘·”’·’·’‘·‘’二”’‘二‘·‘’二’·’“·‘·’‘’·’·“‘·’·”’·‘·‘”·’·“·⋯“二2.1.16supercriticalpressureturbine......‘二‘’····⋯⋯”··⋯‘二‘’‘’··⋯‘二‘’·2.1.18superheatedsteamcooler’··⋯⋯‘·‘”·⋯⋯‘·”’·⋯‘’‘”·’··⋯‘·”’·’··⋯’·”’·’·“’·’·”’⋯“’·’·’“·‘·‘”·’·”二5.2.4superposedturbine·····································⋯⋯‘················⋯⋯‘···⋯⋯‘·‘··⋯⋯‘二‘··⋯“‘’二2.1.25supervisoryequipment‘·“’··⋯“”·’··⋯‘·“”·⋯‘·’二’··⋯‘·‘”·’⋯‘·‘·””二“’·’二”⋯“二’二’二‘·”二’·’‘二2.7.25supportplate’·’‘’·‘·‘”·’·’·“’二’·’“·’·’‘”’二‘·‘”·’·’“·’二”’‘二‘·‘’二’·’‘二‘·”’·’·’‘二‘·”’·’二‘’·‘·”二‘二’二’‘’4.3.10surfacecondenser·····。·················。······························································............4.1.2surfaceheater....****,*,*"**....*****······················..............................................................5.1.2surfacenoiselevel·····················。·········。·······。·····················.。··................................2.11.27synchronizer”·’⋯“‘’·’·”“‘二’·’‘’·‘二’·”’·’·“’·’二‘”‘二’·’‘’·’·“’·’·’‘’·‘二”·’·’‘’“二”·’·’“·⋯”·’·“‘·‘·’2.7.17synchronizingmotor·’‘’二‘··⋯‘二’·’⋯‘·‘”·‘’二“”·’·’‘二‘·”’·”·‘·‘’二’·”’·‘·‘”·’·’‘.⋯‘’二’·“‘·‘·”··⋯’二2.7.18tandemcompoundturbine“‘’⋯⋯‘·’·”’⋯“·‘”·‘二‘’·’二’·’‘’·‘·’‘’·’·’‘’‘’·”’·’·”’‘’二’二’·’‘’‘’·”’·““”’·’2.1.21temperatureriseofdeaerator············。··········。····················。·············⋯⋯‘····⋯⋯‘.·····一‘二‘二6.4.4temporaryspeedrise‘’·’·⋯“’·’二’二‘’·’·”‘’‘二‘·”’·’·“·‘”·’·’“·‘·””’·’二‘’二’二‘’·‘·‘’二”·⋯‘’·’·”·⋯‘’二2.11.31terminalconditions...··****...··****······。···。··········································。······。················一22.14terminaltemperaturedifferenceofcondenser·······························································⋯⋯4.2.22ternunaltemperaturedifferenceofheater···⋯⋯‘·····⋯⋯‘·····⋯⋯‘··⋯⋯‘二’·⋯⋯“二’·⋯⋯‘’二’........5.4.3thermaldeaeration·················································································。·········.............6.1.2thermalperformancetest‘··⋯⋯‘二‘·⋯⋯‘”‘’·⋯“‘·’·’⋯‘二‘·‘”一“二’·”·⋯“’·’·”二‘·“二’·’“·‘·‘”·’·‘2.11.1thermalpowersystem二‘”·⋯‘’‘”·’·’·‘·’二’·’‘’·‘·”””·‘·‘’‘·’·”’·‘·”’·‘’·’·‘’二‘·”’·’·‘’二‘·”’·’·‘’二”.......3.1.166

69DL/T893一2004thermalprocesscurve...................................................................................................2.4.2three-stagebypasssystem.............................................................................................3.2.1.5throat························································。·..........................................................43.1throatarea。····················。········。..······························。····，······························..⋯⋯。·2.4.42throatopening·································································。···。·。···························⋯⋯2.4.41throtlegoverning······································。···。·。···················································⋯⋯2.9.28throtlingloss·································································。····································⋯⋯2.4.33through-flowparts···································，··························。···························。·····⋯⋯2.4.1thrustbearing························································，·············································⋯⋯2.3.48thrustcollar···································。········。···。······························。···。.·。··············⋯⋯23乃1thrustjournalbearing...................................................................................................2.3.49torsionalvibrationshaftsystem.......................................................................................2.5.2.3tripspeed...............................................................................................................2.11.37tubearrangement···········。························。································。·····。····················⋯⋯4.3.11tubebundle.............................................................................................······⋯⋯。二。....4.3.3tubeplate..................................................................................................................4.3.9tubeexpanding·····················，·············································································⋯⋯4.3.12tubesidepressureloss...................................................................................................5.4.5tube-in-sheetheater····························································································，··⋯5.1.2.2tubularheater············。·····················································································⋯⋯5.1.2.1tunedblade...............................................................................................................2.5.1.8turbineexpansionline·······························································································一2.4.2turbine-generatorprotectionsystem··················。························································⋯⋯2.7.37turbine-generatorshaftsystem···。·············································································⋯⋯2.5.2.1turbine-generatorthermaleficiency.................................................................................2.11.12turbinemaximumcontinuousrating(TMCR)·······························································⋯⋯2.11.9turbineratedpowerornameplatelond(TRL)·······························································⋯⋯2.2.18turninggear二“““··············⋯⋯’·’·’‘二‘·································································⋯⋯2.8.16twistedblade································································································⋯⋯23.19two-shiftoperation......................................................................................................2.9.21two-stageby-passsystem····················································································⋯⋯3.2.1.4Uultrasupercriticalturbine··································································。·。··················⋯⋯2.1.19unavailablehours(UH)·····················································································........2.10.16unavailablestate.........................................................................................................2.10.12unplannedoutage·················。················································································一2.10.14untunedblade.........................·····················.··················································⋯⋯2.5.1.7utilizationfactorofleavingvelocity·············································································一2.4.11U-tubetypeheater··········································································，··················。··⋯⋯5.1.23V4.2.1767

70DL/T893一2004vacuumbreakshutdown·⋯。··············································。·。···...................................2.93vacuumbreaker···················································。···。·········································⋯⋯2刀34vacuumdeaeration.........................................................................................................6.1.3vacuumdecreasingrate...................................................................................................4.6.1vacuumdegree.........................................................................................................4.2.18vacuumtest············································。······················........................................2.11.20vacuumtripdevice.................................................................................................·一2.7.33valvepoint...............................................................................................................2.11.21valveswideopencapability(VWO).................................................................................2.11.10velocitycoefficient......................................................................................................2.4.18velocityratio···········。········。········。····························································。·。·········。··⋯2.4.16velocitystage...............................................................................................................2.4.6velocitytriangle.........................................................................................................2.4.27verticaldeaerator··································································......................................6.1.6verticalheater...............................................................................................................5.14veryhotstart-up............................................................................................................2.9.8vibrationindicator·······························································································⋯⋯27.46vibrationofturbine-generatorset··············································································⋯⋯2.5.2.2Wwarmstart-up.....................‘二‘......................................................................................2.9.6warm-叩.....................................................................................................................2.9.1waterchamber················································。。。····。。··。。·························。···········.....4.3.4waterjetairejector.................................................................“二‘·“’.’二“.........................4.4.6waterresistance。······································。····。。。。·。·····.·····.·······································。⋯4.2.13waterringvacuumpump··········································································.....................4.4.4waterstoragetankofdeaerator..........................................................................................6.2.5weldeddiscrotor··················。······································································。·。···⋯⋯2.3.34wetsteamturbine················。·································································。·············⋯⋯2.1.26wheeleficiency.........................................................................................................2.2.28wheelwork....................................·································。。···。。。·····.·····················⋯⋯2.2.27windageloss·············································。························································⋯⋯2.4.29workingconditionschart································⋯⋯”’·’·”’·‘·”’·’二‘’·’·’‘’‘’二‘’·‘二‘二‘二‘二‘二‘.....2.11.1868