电力系统故障的分析与仿真

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1、电力系统故障的分析与仿真摘要电力系统正常运行的破坏多半是由短路故障引起的，如大的短路电流使元件破损，电压的骤降造成系统解裂甚至崩溃，对周围设备的电磁干扰等。发生短路时，系统从一种状态变到另一种状态，并伴随产生复杂的电磁暂态现象。所以有必要对电力系统发生故障时的电磁暂态进行分析。本设计利用PSCAD软件建立相关的电力系统模型，包括：变压器模型、同步发电机模型、输电线模型、负荷模型等。把各个模型搭建在一起，从而得到与数学模型相对应的仿真模型。利用EMTDC进行模拟计算，并得到各个参数的曲线，说明各个参数的变化情况，并根据曲线进行比较分析得出结论。本设计建立了简单电力系统，并对其重要参数进

2、行分析比较，得出了三相短路是最严重的短路，其次依次是两相接地短路、单相短路和两相短路；系统越复杂则稳定性越好；阻抗越小则电网强度越大等结论。关键词：电力系统；暂态；短路；PSCAD/EMTDCPowersystemfaultanalysisandsimulationAbstractheelectricalpowersystemnormaloperationdestructionismostlycausedbytheshortcircuitfailure.Forexample,thegreatshort-circuitcurrentenabletheelementmangle,thev

3、oltagetoplummetcreatesthesystemsolutioncrackevencollapse,interferetoperipheryequipmentandsoon.Whentheshortcircuitoccurs,conditionofthesystemfromonechangetoanother,andconcomitancehasthecomplexelectromagnetismtransitionconditionphenomenon.Thereforeitisnecessitytocarryontheanalysistotheelectricalp

4、owersystemofelectromagnetismtransitioncondition.ThisdesignusesthePSCADsoftwareestablishingelectricalpowersystemmodel,including:Transformermodel,synchronousgeneratormodel,transmissionlinemodel,loadmodelandsoon.Eachmodelbuildsintogether,thusobtainsthesimulationmodelwhichcorrespondswiththemathemat

5、icalmodel.CarryontheanalogcomputationusingEMTDC,andobtaineachparametercurve,explainthechangesituationofeachparameter,andcarryonthecomparativeanalysisaccordingtothecurvetodrawtheconclusion.Thisdesignhasestablishedthesimpleelectricalpowersystemandcarriesontheanalysiscomparisontoitsimportantparame

6、ter,educetheconclusionsthatthethree-phaseshortcircuitisthemostseriousshortcircuit,inturnnextistwodockingshortcircuits,thesingle-phaseshortcircuitandtwoshort-circuits;Theelectricalpowersystemisintricaterthenthestabilityisbetter;Theimpedanceissmallerthentheelectricalnetworkintensityisbiggerandsoo

7、nKeywords：Electricalpowersystem；transient；Shortcircuit；PSCAD/EMTDC目录摘要IAbstractII引言1第一章电力系统分析21.1电力系统分析简介21.2电力系统稳态分析21.3电力系统故障分析31.4电力系统暂态分析3第二章电力系统故障的类型42.1基本概念42.1.1短路产生的原因42.1.2短路的后果52.2短路故障类型52.2.1三相短路52.2.2两相短路接地112.2.3两相短路1