看四级例句记单词

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看四级例句记单词英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit1一、真题文章Thefirstandsmallestunitthatcanbediscussedinrelationtolanguageistheword.Inspeaking,thechoiceofwordsisoftheutmostimportance.Properselectionwilleliminateonesourceoflikelybreakdowninthecommunicationcycle.Toooftencarelessuseofwordspreventsameetingofthemindsofthespeakerandlistener.Thewordsusedbythespeakermaystirupunfavorablereactionsinthelistenerwhichinterferewithhiscomprehension;hence,thetransmission---receptionsystembreaksdown.Moreover，inaccurateorindefinitewordsmaymakeitdifficultforthelistenertounderstandthemessagewhichisbeingtransmittedtohim.Thespeakerwhodoesnothavespecificwordsinhisworkingvocabularymaybeunabletoexplainordescribeinawaythatcanbeunderstoodbyhislisteners.二、译文与语言相关的，可以讨论的首要的和最小的单位是词。说话时，选词是最重要的。适当的选词可以消除交际过程中可能出现的障碍。用词粗心大意往往阻碍说话人和听话人的思想交流。说话人使用的词汇可能引起听话人的反感，从而干扰其理解。因此，这传输信息——接受信息系统就会中断。而且，词义不准确或不明确的词使听话人难于听懂传递给他的信息。说话人的常用词汇中如没有详细而精确的词的话，就不可能用听话人能理解的方式进行解释或描述。三、核心词汇choice/tFCis/n.选择,抉择,精选品,选择机会,选择权adj.精选的,上等的,挑三拣四的,可选的,宠爱的,爱惜的[例]Shehadtomakeachoicebetweenthetwodresses.她得在两件衣服中选择一件。[同义]alternative，cream，decision，option，pick，preference，selection[派生]choose/tFu:z/v.选择,选定[固定搭配]atone'sownchoice随意挑选,自由选择；bechoiceof好挑剔的；utmost/5QtmEust/n.极限,最大可能,极力adj.极度的,最远的[例]theutmostendsoftheearth天涯海角[同义]extreme,farthest,greatest,most[固定搭配]attheutmost至多；doone'sutmost尽全力；maketheutmostof...充分利用；totheutmost竭力;尽力；reaction/ri(:)5AkFEn/n.反应,反作用,反动(力)[例]Whatishisreactiontoyourproposal?他对你的建议有什么反应?[反义]action/5AkFEn/n.动作,作用,战斗,行动,举动,行为,(戏剧或书中)的情节,(某一地区、领域或团体中)最能产生效果、最有趣、最有刺激性的活动vt.对...起诉[派生]react/ri5Akt/vi.起反应,起作用,反抗,起反作用reactive/ri(:)5Aktiv/adj.反应的,起反作用的,反动的,电抗性的interfere/7intE5fiE/vi.干涉,干预,妨碍,打扰[例]IwasplayingwithJane,butAnneinterferedandspoiledthegame.我正在和珍妮玩，可是安妮插了进来，把游戏给打乱了。

1[同义]arbitrate,encroach,intercede,interrupt,intervene,intrude,meddle[派生]interference/7intE5fiErEns/n.冲突,干涉[固定搭配]interferein干涉,干预；interferewith妨碍;干涉,干扰；comprehension/7kCmpri5henFEn/n.理解,包含[例]Readingdependsonthecomprehensionoftheideasexpressedbythewordsused.阅读有赖于对所用词句所表达的含义的理解。[同义]apprehension[反义]incomprehension/in7kCmpri5henFEn/n.不了解,不领悟[派生]comprehensive/7kCmpri5hensiv/adj.全面的,广泛的,能充分理解的,包容的comprehend/7kCmpri5hend/vt.领会,理解,包括(包含),由...组成hence/hens/adv.因此,从此[例]TheygrewupintheSudan;hencetheirinterestinNubianart.他们在苏丹长大；由是产生了对努比亚艺术的兴趣[同义]accordingly,away,consequently,elsewhere,fromnowon,latertherefore[反义]ago/E5^Eu/adv.以前的,以往的transmission/trAnz5miFEn/n.播送,发射,传动,传送,传输,转播[例]transmissionofnews消息的传播[同义]sending,transport,transfer,broadcast[反义]reception/ri5sepFEn/n.接待,招待会,接收[派生]transmissible/trAnz5misEbl/adj.可传送的,可遗传的transmit/trAnz5mit/vt.传输,转送,传达,传导,发射,遗传,传播vi.发射信号,发报inaccurate/in5Akjurit/adj.错误的,不准确的[例]Thereisaslightinaccuracyinthisdesign.这张设计图中有一点不大准确。[同义]incorrect,inexact[反义]accurate/5Akjurit/adj.正确的,精确的[派生]inaccuracy/in5AkjurEsi/n.错误indefinite/in5definit/adj.模糊的,不确定的,[语]不定的[例]anindefiniteleaveofabsence对在场者的离席无明确限制的[同义]broad,confused,general,hazy,indistinct,obscure,unclear,vague[反义]definite/5definit/adj.明确的,一定的[派生]indefinitely/in5definitli/adv.不确定地四、强化练习1.Andpriceisthenumberonefactorinfluencingconsumers'???????__________ofvehicleinChina,with98%ofrespondentsnamingit,comparedwith82%ofUKconsumersand83%ofthoseintheU.S.A.desireB.conclusionC.choiceD.purpose2.Althoughtherainpoursdownwiththe________relentlessness,ceasingalloutdooractivities,themanofthefieldliftshisfacetotheheavensandsmiles.A.topB.utmostC.gracefulD.dissipated3.TheRomanticMovement,whichstartedasa________againsttheindustrialrevolutionofthecentury,wasbornandflourishedinGermany,buthasnotstoppedtheGermansfrombeingEurope'smostsuccessfulentrepreneursandindustrialists.A.constancyB.constructionC.conventionD.reaction4.Firstofall,don’tletyouremotions________withyourvision.Dontseesomethingbecause

2youwanttoseeit.A.interfereB.interpretC.consolidateD.comply5.Topreventlocal__________ofthedisease,mosquito-breedingplacesmustbeeliminated.A.transferenceB.transmissionC.changeD.console答案：CBDAB英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit2一、真题文章Sleepisdividedintoperiodsofso-calledREMsleep,characterizedbyrapideyemovementsanddreaming,andlongerperiodsofnon-REMsleep.Neitherkindofsleepisatallwell-understood,butREMsleepisassumedtoservesomerestorativefunctionofthebrain.Thepurposeofnon-REMsleepisevenmoremysterious.Thenewexperiments,suchasthesedescribedforthefirsttimeatarecentmeetingoftheSocietyforSleepResearchinMinneapolis,suggestfascinatingexplanationsforthepurposeofnon-REMsleep.Forexample,ithaslongbeenknownthattotalsleepdeprivationis100percentfataltorats,yet,uponexaminationofthedeadbodies,theanimalslookcompletelynormal.Aresearcherhasnowcastlightonthemysteryofwhytheanimalsdie.Theratsdevelopbacterialinfectionsoftheblood,asiftheirimmunesystems--theself-protectingmechanismagainstdisease--hadcrashed.二、译文睡眠通常被分为所谓的REM睡眠阶段（REM=rapideyemovement眼睛快速运动）和较长非REM睡眠阶段，前者特点为眼球快速转动并做梦。我们对两种形式的睡眠了解都不多，但是人们认为REM睡眠对大脑起某种康复功能的作用。非REM睡眠的作用更加神秘。最近睡眠研究协会在明尼阿波利斯举行的会议上，专家们首次描述的一些新实验，对非REM睡眠的作用的阐释令人兴奋。例如，人们早已了解到，完全剥夺其睡眠对老鼠具有100%的致命性，然而，在检查老鼠尸体时，这些动物看上去完全正常。一研究人员已阐明这些动物死亡原因的奥秘。老鼠患血液细菌感染，似乎他们的免疫系统（抵抗疾病的自我保护机制）已崩溃。三、核心词汇characterize/5kArIktEraIz/vt.表现...的特色,刻画的...性格[例]Thiskindofbehaviorcharacterizesthecriminalmind.这种举止是罪犯的心理特征。[同义]depict,describe,distinguish,picture,portray,represent[派生]characterization/7kAriktErai5zeiFEn/n.描述,人物之创造assume/E5sju:m/vt.假定,设想,采取,呈现[例]Thequeenassumedavelvetrobe.王后穿了一件天鹅绒长袍[同义]adopt,believe,presume.puton,suppose,suspect[反义]conclude/kEn5klu:d/v.结束,终止,决定,作出结论vt.推断,断定,缔结,议定[派生]assumed/E5sju:md/adj.假定的,假装的,装的restorative/ri5stC:rEtiv/adj.有助于复元的n.滋补剂[例]arestorativetonic有恢复作用的滋补品[派生]restore/ris5tC:/vt.恢复,使回复,归还,交还,修复,重建function/5fQNkFEn/n.官能,功能,作用,职责,典礼,仪式,[数]函数vi.(器官等)活动,运行,行使职责

3[例]Growthisafunctionofnutrition.长身体是由营养决定的。[同义]act,ceremony,exercise,gathering,operate,perform[派生]functional/5fQNkFEnl/adj.功能的[固定搭配]publicfunction盛大的公共集会,正式社交集会；socialfunction盛大的公共集会,正式社交集会；purpose/5pE:pEs/n.目的,意图,用途,效果,决心,意志vt.打算,企图,决心[例]Hewenttotownwiththepurposeofbuyinganewtelevision.他进城的目的是买一台新电视机。[同义]aim,design,determination,goal,intention,object[派生]purposeful/5pE:pEsful/adj.有目的的[固定搭配]onpurpose故意地；有意地；togoodpurpose有益地，有成效地tolittlepurposeortonopurpose几乎徒劳的，少有成效地deprivation/7depri5veiFEn/n.剥夺[例]deprivationofcivilrights剥夺公民权[派生]deprival/di5praivEl/n.剥夺deprive/di5praiv/vt.剥夺,使丧失fatal/5feitl/adj.致命的,重大的,命运注定的,不幸的,致命的,毁灭性的[例]“Itisfataltoenteranywarwithoutthewilltowinit”(DouglasMacArthur).“不抱赢的希望参加战争，那是必死无疑的”（道格拉斯?麦克阿瑟）。[同义]deadly,destructive,disastrous,fateful,important,killing[派生]fatally/5feItElI/adv.致命地,宿命地,不幸地bacterial/bAk`tIErIEl/adj.细菌的[例]bacterialdiseases.细菌性疾病[派生]bacteria/bAk5tiEriE/n.细菌immune/i5mju:n/adj.免疫的[例]Thecriminalwastoldhewouldbeimmunefrompunishmentifhehelpedthepolice.罪犯被告知说,如果他协助警方,就可以免受惩罚。[同义]clear,exempt,free,resistant[反义]liable/5laiEbl/adj.有责任的,有义务的,易...的,有...倾向的,负有责任的,很有可能的susceptible/sE5septEbl/adj.易受影响的,易感动的,容许...的n.(因缺乏免疫力而)易得病的人[派生]immunize/`ImjU:naIz/v.使免疫,赋予免疫性crash/krAF/n.碰撞,坠落,坠毁,撞击声,爆裂声v.碰撞,坠落,坠毁,(指商业公司,政府等)破产,垮台[例]Theelephantcrashedthroughtheforest.大象冲进森林。[同义]break,shatter,smash,strike[派生]crasher/`krAFE(r)/n.猛击,不速之客[固定搭配]onacrashbasis紧[应]急地；withacrash轰隆一声；四、强化练习1.Thescientistsmonitoredthepatients'bloodpressure,releaseofharmfulhormones(荷尔蒙)andothermeasurablesthat__________heartfailure.A.characterizeB.considerC.integrityD.intend

42.Thecompanies_________noobligationtoupdateanyforward-lookingstatements,whetherasaresultofnewinformation,futureeventsorotherwise.A.interveneB.dictateC.prolongD.assume3.Architecturalformshouldnotrigidlyfollow__________,butoughttoreflecttheneedsofthesocialbodyitrepresents.A.professionB.functionC.vacationD.vocation4.The________oftodayIcomehereistohelppeoplewhowanttolearnEnglishbutdon’tknowhowtolearn.A.neglectB.proposalC.purposeD.likely5.Survivalisusuallyuppermostinthemindsofcompanieswiththeirbackstothewall,evenifthatentailsbeingreducedtoaminoritystake.InThailand,however,mostailingcompaniesseemloathetoadmitthattheirconditionsmaybe_______.A.grossB.fatalC.flatD.extinct答案：ADBCB英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit3一、真题文章Vitaminsareorganiccompoundsnecessaryinsmallamountsinthedietforthenormalgrowthandmaintenanceoflifeofanimals,includingman.Theydonotprovideenergy,nordotheyconstructorbuildanypartofthebody.Theyareneededfortransformingfoodsintoenergyandbodymaintenance.Therearethirteenormoreofthem,andifanyismissingadeficiencydiseasebecomesapparent.Vitaminsaresimilarbecausetheyaremadeofthesameelements-usuallycarbon,hydrogen,oxygen,andsometimesnitrogen.Theyaredifferentinthattheirelementsarearrangeddifferently,andeachvitaminperformsoneormorespecificfunctionsinthebody.Gettingenoughvitaminsisessentialtolife,althoughthebodyhasnonutritionaluseforexcessvitamins.Manypeople,nevertheless,believeinbeingonthe"safeside"andthustakeextravitamins.However,awell-balanceddietwillusuallymeetallthebody'svitaminneeds.二、译文维生素是有机化合物，饮食中少量的维生素是维持动物（包括人类）生存和生长必不可少的部分。它们不提供能量，也不构成身体的任何一部分，它们的任务是把食物转变成能量和维持身体健康。至少有13种维生素，若缺少其中一种，缺乏症疾病便明显可见。各种维生素都很相似，因为它们由同样的元素构成，一般包括碳、氢、氧，有时还有氮。各种维生素的不同之处在于，各种维生素的元素排列不同，同时每种维生素在人体内都有一种或多种特别的作用。吸取足够的维生素对生命是必要的，但过量的维生素对人体并无滋养的用处。尽管如此，许多人出于保险的想法，还是摄入过量的维生素。不过均衡的饮食一般能够完全满足身体对维生素的全部需求。三、核心词汇vitamin/5vaitEmin,5vi-/n.维他命,维生素[例]primaryvitamin维生素原[派生]vitaminic/7vaitE5minik/adj.维他命的organic/C:5^Anik/adj.器官的,有机的,组织的,建制的

5[例]anorganicpart一个有机的组成部分[派生]organism/5C:^EnizEm/n.生物体,有机体compound/5kCmpaund/n.混合物,[化]化合物adj.复合的v.混合,配合[例]Ifyoutakethisaction,itwillonlycompoundyourproblems.如果你这么做，只能徒然增加你的困难。[同义]complex,mixture,blend[派生]compounding/5kCmpaundiN/n.组合,混合maintenance/5meintinEns/n.维护,保持,生活费用,扶养[例]Hetookacoursetolearnaboutcarmaintenance.他学习了汽车保养的课程。[反义]abandonment/E5bAndEnmEnt/n.放弃[派生]maintain/men5tein/vt.维持,维修,继续,供养,主张deficiency/di5fiFEnsi/n.缺乏,不足[例]anutritionaldeficiency营养缺乏[同义]shortage,insufficiency,lack,inadequacyweakness[派生]deficient/di5fiFEnt/adj.缺乏的,不足的,不完善的[固定搭配]makeupforadeficiency补足亏空apparent/E5pArEnt/adj.显然的,外观上的[例]Itwasapparentthatheknewnothingabouthowtorepaircars.很明显，他一点儿也不知道怎样修理小汽车。[同义]clear,evident,obvious,plain,seeming[反义]hidden/5hidn/v.hide的过去分词adj.隐藏的[派生]apparently/E5pArEntlI/adv.显然地arrange/E5reindV/v.安排,排列,协商[例]Inadictionarythewordsarearrangedinalphabeticalorder.词典里的词是按字母顺序编排的。[同义]adapt,catalog,classify,fit,organize,settle[反义]derange/di5reindV/vt.使错乱,扰乱,使精神错乱,使发狂disturb/dis5tE:b/vt.弄乱,打乱,打扰,扰乱v.扰乱[派生]arrangement/E5reindVmEnt/n.排列,安排[固定搭配]arrangefor安排,准备；arrangewithsb.aboutsth.与某人商定某事；essential/i5senFEl/adj.本质的,实质的,基本的,提炼的,精华的n.本质,实质,要素,要点[例]Whatistheessentialdifferencebetweenthesetwoeconomicsystems?这两种经济体制的本质区别是什么?[同义]basic,fundamental,important,necessary,needed,required[派生]essentiality/i7senFi5Aliti/n.本性,真髓,本质,重要性excess/ik5ses,5ekses/n.过度,剩于,无节制,超过,超额adj.过度的,额外的[例]Youhavetopayforexcessluggageonaplane.在飞机上你得付超重的行李费。[同义]additional,extra,surplus[反义]deficiency/di5fiFEnsi/n.缺乏,不足[派生]excessive/ik5sesiv/adj.过多的,过分的,额外

6[固定搭配]inexcessof超过四、强化练习1.Theresultsshowedthattobaccoyieldscouldincreasewiththeincreaseof_________fertilizer.A.organicB.corruptC.poisonousD.civil2.Wespeculatethatitisnotcaffeinebutperhapssomeother______containedinsoda-typesoftdrinksthatmayberesponsiblefortheincreasedriskinhypertension,"saidthestudy,whichwaspublishedintheJournaloftheAmericanMedicalAssociation.A.contemporaryB.counterpartC.compoundD.content3.TheGovernmentisplanningtoassign40percentofroad_______workstotheprivatesectorcontractorsintheshorttermandincreasethelevelto100percentin10years.A.scheduleB.maintenanceC.scrapeD.scrutiny4.Itbecame________thatourstayintheU.S.wouldbealongoneandIimmediatelybeganthinkingonhowbesttopursuemyinterestineconomics.A.secureB.shallowC.apparentD.apparatus5.Nowanyhotelortravelagencycanbookyourticketsand________transportationtothestation.A.superviseB.interfereC.resentD.arrange答案：ACBCD英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit4一、真题文章ManpowerInc.,with560,000workers,istheworld'slargesttemporaryemploymentagency.Everymorning,itspeopleswarmintotheofficesandfactoriesofAmerica,seekingaday'sworkforaday'spay.Onedayatatime.AsindustrialgiantslikeGeneralMotorsandIBMstruggletosurvivebyreducingthenumberofemployees,Manpower,basedinMilwaukee,Wisconsin,isbooming.Eventhoughitseconomycontinuestorecover,theUSisincreasinglybecominganationofpart-timersandtemporaryworkers.This"disposable"workforceisthemostimportanttrendinAmericanbusinesstoday,anditisfundamentallychangingtherelationshipbetweenpeopleandtheirjobs.Thephenomenonprovidesawayforcompaniestoremaingloballycompetitivewhileavoidingmarketcyclesandthegrowingburdensimposedbyemploymentrules,healthcarecostsandpensionplans.Forworkersitcanmeananendtothesecurity,benefitsandsenseofimportancethatcamefrombeingaloyalemployee.二、译文拥有五十六万员工的人力公司是世界上最大的临时就业代理机构。每天清晨，该公司的员工们涌入美国的工厂和办公室，寻找一份只干一天、当天付薪的工作。某日，正当通用汽车公司和IBM这样的工业巨头们正通过裁减雇员数目以求设法生存时，总部在威斯康星州密尔沃基市的“人力公司”却是门庭若市。即使美国的经济继续恢复，兼职和临时工的人数也还是不断增加。这种“一次性”的就业大军是当今美国经济的最重要的趋势，而且它从根本上改变了个人与职业的关系。这种现象为这些公司开辟了一条道路，使其既不失国际竞争力，又可以不受市场周期的冲击，避免就业法规、医疗保健和养老金法案带来的日益增加的负担。对雇员而言，这将意味着不再享有保障、福利，不再具有作为一个忠实雇员的使命感。三、核心词汇

7agency/5eidVEnsi/n.代理处,行销处,代理,中介[例]agencygeneral总代理[同义]management,office,operation,work[派生]agent/5eidVEnt/n.代理(商)swarm/swC:m/n.蜂群,一大群v.涌往,挤满,密集,成群浮游,云集[例]Thebeachisswarmingwithbathers.海滩满是海浴的人。[同义]assemble,cluster,collect,crowd,gather,meet[固定搭配]aswarmof一群,一堆；swarminto蜂拥而入；swarmwith充满着,拥挤着；giant/5dVaiEnt/n.巨人,大力士,巨大的动物或植物,伟人,天才adj.庞大的,巨大的[例]Shakespeareisagiantamongwriters.莎士比亚是一位文坛巨匠。[同义]colossal,enormous,gigantic,huge,immense,mammoth,monumental,[反义]diminutive/di5minjutiv/adj.小的,指小的,小型的n.小的人,指小辞,指小词,爱称dwarf/dwC:f/n.矮子,侏儒v.(使)变矮小,[派生]giantlike/`dVaIEntlaIk/adj.巨人般的,巨大的disposable/dis5pEuzEbl/adj.可任意使用的[例]Everydisposablepieceofequipmentwassenttothefire.每一种可用的设备都被大火烧毁了[派生]disposal/dis5pEuzEl/n.处理,处置,布置,安排,配置,支配dispose/dis5pEuz/v.处理,处置,部署vt.布置,安排,除去,使愿意fundamentally/fQndE5mentElI/adv.基础地,根本地[例]Sheisfundamentallyunsuitedtoofficework.她根本不适合做办公室工作。[同义]primarily[派生]fundament/5fQndEmEnt/n.基础,基本原理,臀部fundamental/7fQndE5mentl/adj.基础的,基本的n.基本原则,基本原理pension/5penFEn/n.养老金,退休金[例]“SomeFrenchfarmerssuggestthattheGovernmentpensionofftheolderandlessefficientfarmers”(E.J.Dionne,Jr.)“一些法国农夫向政府建议让那些年长的或工作效率低下的农夫领取退休金或补助金而退休”(小E.J.迪翁)[同义]aid,allowance,assistance,grant,help,stipend[派生]pensionable/`penFLnEbl/adj.有资格领退休金的,可领退休金的loyal/5lCiEl/adj.忠诚的,忠心的[例]Thepeoplestayedloyaltotheircountry.人民忠于他们的国家。[同义]devoted,dutiful,faithful,obedient,true,trustworthy[反义]disloyal/dis5lCiEl/adj.不忠的,背叛的,不忠诚的[派生]loyalty/5lCIEltI/n.忠诚,忠心四、强化练习1.Buyingatrainorabusticketusedtobeamajorhassle.Nowanyhotelortravel________canbookyourtickets

8A.resourceB.recollectionC.agencyD.agony2.He’sjustlikeaflyhangingaround.Sorry,notafly.It’sa________offliesflyingnearyourearsA.bunchB.swarmC.lumpD.pile3.Theywere________,sometimes8feetlong,andmanyofthemlivedintheswampypoolsinwhichourcoalseam,orlayer,orformed.A.giantB.cleverC.delightD.light4.Nowadaystheaverageageatwhichpeoplesettledownandmarryismucholderthanitwas30yearsago,sosingleswilltendtohavemore________income.”A.dependentB.redundantC.professionalD.disposable5."JohnMillswasagreatactor,atruegentlemananda________friend;someonewhomadeusproudtobeBritish,"Blairsaidinastatement.A.loyalB.liarC.gangsterD.predominant答案：CBADA英语核心词汇速成胜经Unit5一、真题文章UntilrecentlymosthistoriansspokeverycriticallyoftheIndustrialRevolution.Theyadmittedthatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatlyraisedthestandardoflivingfortheaverageman.Buttheyinsistedthatitsimmediateresultsduringtheperiodfrom1750to1850werewidespreadpovertyandmiseryforthebulkoftheEnglishpopulation.Bycontrast,theysawintheprecedinghundredyearsfrom1650to1750,whenEnglandwasstillacompletelyagriculturalcountry,aperiodofgreatabundanceandprosperity.Thisview,however,isgenerallythoughttobewrong.Specialistsinhistoryandeconomics,haveshowntwothings:thattheperiodfrom1650to1750wasmarkedbygreatpoverty,andthatindustrializationcertainlydidnotworsenandmayhaveactuallyimprovedtheconditionsforthemajorityofthepopulace.二、译文直到不久以前，绝大部分历史学家对工业革命仍持批评的态度。他们承认，从长期来看工业化大大地提高了普通人的生活水平。但是，他们坚持认为在1750至1850年间，工业革命所造成的直接后果是给大多数英国民众带来了普遍的贫穷和困苦。相比之下，他们认为在那之前的一百年，即1650至1750年，那时英国依旧还是个完全的农业国，但那是一个富裕繁荣的历史时期。然而，人们普遍认为这种观点是错误的。历史学和经济学方面的专家已经证明了两件事：从1650年到1750年期间以极度贫困为特征，而工业化显然没有使这种状况恶化；事实上却可能改善了绝大多数平民百姓的生活条件。三、核心词汇industrialization/in7dQstriElai5zeiFn/n.工业化,产业化[例]bringaboutindustrialization实现工业化[派生]industrialize/in5dQstriElaiz/vt.使工业化vi.工业化average/5AvEridV/n.平均,平均水平,平均数,海损adj.一般的,通常的,平均的vt.平均为,均分,使平衡,达到平均水平vi.买进,卖出[例]WhatistheaveragerainfallforAugustinyourcountry?你们国家八月份的平均降雨量是多少?

9[同义]fair,medium,middle,ordinary,passable,usual[反义]maximum/5mAksimEm/n.最大量,最大限度,极大adj.最高的,最多的,最大极限的,minimum/5minimEm/adj.最小的,最低的n.最小值,最小化[派生]averagely/5AvEridVli/adv.平均地,一般地[固定搭配]lawofaverages平均律；on(an)average通常；按平均；widespread/5waIdspred,-5spred/adj.分布广泛的,普遍的[例]awidespreaddisease一种流行病[派生]widespreader/5waid5spredE/撒布装置misery/5mizEri/n.痛苦,苦恼,悲惨,不幸,穷困[例]Miserylovescompany.同病相怜。[同义]distress[反义]happiness/5hApinis/n.幸福,快乐[派生]miserable/5mizErEbl/adj.痛苦的,悲惨的,可怜preceding/pri(:)5si:diN/adj.在前的,前述的[例]theprecedingnight前一晚[同义]previous,prior,former[派生]precede/pri(:)5si:d/v.领先(于),在...之前,先于abundance/E5bQndEns/n.丰富,充裕,丰富充裕[例]Thetreeyieldsanabundanceoffruit.这树结果甚多。[同义]plenty,profusion[反义]lack/lAk/n.缺乏,短缺的东西vt.缺乏,没有,需要vi.缺乏,没有[派生]abundant/E5bQndEnt/adj.丰富的,充裕的,丰富,盛产,富于specialist/5speFElIst/n.专门医师,专家[例]aspecialistinoncology一个肿瘤科医生[同义]expert[派生]special/5speFEl/n.特派员,专车,专刊adj.特别的,特殊的,专门的,populace/5pCpjulEs/n.平民[例]majorityofthepopulace绝大多数平民百姓四、强化练习1.The_______ageatfirstmarriageintheUSAhasbeeninchingupward;it'snow26forwomenand27formen.A.firstB.averageC.fundamentalD.essence2.KungFufeaturesabundantvarietiesanddelicateskillsandhasbecome__________physicalexercises.A.valuableB.pricelessC.widespreadD.worthless3.OftheJanuarysun;andnottothinkofany_________inthesoundofthewind,inthesoundofafewleaves.A.prickB.prestigeC.pressureD.misery4.RicemayreignsupremeinVietnamesecuisine(烹饪),butfishandseafoodarenotfarbehindinsignificanceor__________.A.abundanceB.pretextC.prideD.pack5._________economicconsiderationsarewhattheChinesePresidenttermed"threeevilforces"-terrorism,extremismandseparatism-whichpromptedtheideaofaregionalmechanism.

10A.LesseningB.LegalC.PrecedingD.Dizzy