医学史简论 A Brief History of Medicine

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1、医学史简论(2)ABriefHistoryofMedicineYuHaiZhejiangUniversitySchoolofMedicineyuhai@zju.edu.cn疾病改变历史，疾病改变人类Thehistoryofmankindisthehistoryofitsdiseases–FolkeHenschen(1881-1977)DiseasechangesthehumancivilizationandhumanhistoryDiseasechangeshumanitselfgenetically疾病对人类社会的影响Impactofdiseaseonthehuman

2、societyFear,anxietyandpanicresultsinsocialinstabilityPopulationdramaticallydecreased,includingtheelitegroupsofsocietyPoliticalturmoil,economicrecessionandsocialdevelopmentstagnatedorwentdownImpactontheoutcomeofwarsEnhancethedevelopmentofpublichealthandmedicalsciencesTheimpactonpopulation

3、ofdisease疾病对人类社会的影响FromZhouandQin(1046-256BC)toMingandQingDynasty(1368-1644)theChinesepopulationfluctuatedfrom10to60million,itdidnotreach100milliontillQianlongReign(1735-1795)ofQingDynastyApartfromwarandfaminethemostinfluentialfactorsforpopulationisthediseaseepidemicsEbolaVirusDisease（Eb

4、olaHemorrhagicFever）Thetotalnumberofconfirmed,probable,andsuspectedcasesofEbolahemohrragefever(EVHF）reporteduptotheendof5October2014is8033with3865deaths，（Dec20147518，Mar201510000+）.CountriesaffectedareGuinea,Liberia,SierraLeone,Nigeria,Senegal,andtheUnitedStatesofAmerica.EbolaDealsEconom

5、icBlowTheWorldBankGroupwarnsthattheWestAfricaEbolacrisiscoulddealahugeeconomicblowtoGuinea,LiberiaandSierraLeoneunlessswiftactionistaken.TrendsofWorldPopulation2011.10.317billion2011--7billion疾病对文明进程的影响ImpactofdiseaseonprogressofcivilizationThegoldenagesofGreeceendedbyplaquesin430BCSpart

6、ans（斯巴达人）ravagedthesurroundingcountrysideofAthens,anepidemic（smallpox？）struckthecrowdedurbanpopulace,killedthousands,includingGeneralPericles(伯里克利429BC).EndedtheGreekgoldenage(338BCPhilipIIofMacedonia,146BCfellinRoman)Pericles(495?-429)BC疾病对文明进程的影响ImpactofdiseaseonprogressofcivilizationT

7、hedeclineandfallofRomeEmpire–impactofplagues瘟疫导致罗马帝国的衰落166-180AD“PlaqueofGalen”(smallpox?)two Romanemperors — LuciusVerus(169BC)andMarcusAurelius(180BC)diedfromtheepidemic,totaldeathtollreachedto4-5million211-266ADsecondepidemicscontributedtofinalfallofRomanEmpirein476AD(