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ICS67.080CCSB3143湖南省地方标准DB43/T2413—2022江永香姜栽培技术规程TechnicalregulationofcultivationforJiangyongfragrant-ginger2022-07-08发布2022-10-08实施湖南省市场监督管理局发布
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2DB43/T2413—2022目次前言························································································································Ⅲ1范围·····················································································································12规范性引用文件······································································································13术语和定义············································································································14产地环境···············································································································15整地施肥···············································································································26种姜的选择和处理···································································································27播种·····················································································································28田间管理···············································································································39病虫害防治············································································································310收获与留种···········································································································511运输和贮藏···········································································································512废弃物处理···········································································································513生产记录档案········································································································5附录A(规范性)江永香姜主要病虫害化学药剂防治························································7附录B(资料性)江永香姜生产记录·············································································9I
3DB43/T2413—2022II
4DB43/T2413—2022前言本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《标准化工作导则第1部分:标准化文件的结构和起草规则》的规定起草。请注意本文件的某些内容可能涉及专利。本文件的发布机构不承担识别专利的责任。本文件由湖南省农业农村厅提出。本文件由湖南省农业标准化技术委员会归口。本文件起草单位:江永县人民政府、江永县市场监督管理局、江永县农业农村局、湖南正智标准咨询有限公司。本文件主要起草人:陈小明、蒋丽君、黄红灵、黄野、刘健、蒋云祥、何增荣、何莹、欧晖、张微欢、蒋善才、何源委、蒋仁辉、李胜。III
5DB43/T2413—2022IV
6DB43/T2413—2022江永香姜栽培技术规程1范围本文件规定了江永香姜的产地环境、整地施肥、种姜的选择和处理、播种、田间管理、病虫害防治、收获与留种、运输和贮藏、废弃物处理和生产记录档案。本文件适用于江永香姜的栽培。2规范性引用文件下列文件中的内容通过文中的规范性引用而构成本文件必不可少的条款。其中,注日期的引用文件,仅该日期对应的版本适用于本文件;不注日期的引用文件,其最新版本(包括所有的修改单)适用于本文件。GB/T8321(所有部分)农药合理使用准则NY/T391绿色食品产地环境质量NY/T1056绿色食品贮藏运输准则AGI2008-09-00110中华人民共和国农产品地理标志质量控制技术规范江永香姜3术语和定义下列术语和定义适用于本文件。3.1江永香姜Jiangyongfragrant-ginger国家农业部农产品地理标志,湖南省永州市江永县特色农产品。外观晶莹如玉,形似手掌,姜上有节,嫩芽和茎节部鳞片呈紫红色,一般每株重750g~2000g,富含姜油酚、姜油酮、铁盐的香姜。4产地环境4.1产地选择应符合NY/T391的规定。4.2土壤选择应选择地势较高、排水良好、土层深厚、有机质丰富的中性或微酸性的肥沃壤土,偏碱性、粘重的土壤不宜作姜田。4.3产地范围加注农产品地理标志“江永香姜”的产地范围应符合AGI2008-09-00110的要求。1
7DB43/T2413—20225整地施肥5.1茬口安排前茬不宜为番茄、茄子、辣椒、马铃薯等茄科作物。宜水旱轮作,不宜连作,轮作方式可选择:a)香姜——油菜——水稻——空茬(或短季蔬菜)——香姜;b)香姜——蔬菜——水稻——空茬(或短季蔬菜)——香姜;c)香姜——油菜/玉米——蔬菜——香姜。5.2整地2清除前茬作物残留,深耕整地,结合整地每667m施生石灰50kg~70kg;做成垄高30cm左右,畦宽230cm左右,沟宽40cm左右;畦面按70cm左右行距横向开种植沟,沟深25cm左右,沟宽20cm左右;姜田四周开围沟,沟深35cm以上。5.3施基肥2整地后,每667m用腐熟猪牛粪2000kg~2050kg(或生物有机肥400kg~450kg)加过磷酸钙或钙镁磷肥50kg~70kg施于种植沟内。6种姜的选择和处理6.1种姜选择选用具有江永香姜品种特征特性,姜块肥大饱满、皮色光亮、无明显缺陷、未受冻、无病虫危害和无机械损伤的姜块作种姜。6.2种姜处理6.2.1晒姜催芽前7d~10d,将种姜平摊在背风向阳的平地上或草席上,晾晒1d~2d。傍晚收进室内或进行防冻遮盖;中午若日光强烈,应适当遮荫。6.2.2消毒催芽前,采用1%波尔多液浸种20分钟,或用1%石灰水浸种30分钟后,取出晾干备用。6.2.3催芽3月下旬,在大棚内或室内采取一层稻草一层种姜堆放催芽,堆宽130cm左右、高120cm以内,堆上盖膜,温度控制在22℃~28℃,湿度控制在80%~85%。当幼芽长度达0.5cm~1cm时即可播种。7播种7.1播种期3月中下旬播种,设施栽培的可适当提早播种。2
8DB43/T2413—20227.2播种密度2株距15cm~20cm,每667m种植4450株~4550株。7.3播种量2每667m用种400kg~500kg。7.4播种方法先将种植沟内的基肥与土壤混匀耙平,再将种姜水平排放于沟内,并保持芽头朝同一方向摆放;播种后随即覆土4cm~5cm,并覆盖地膜,四周压严实。8田间管理8.1中耕与除草香姜芽出土时应及时破膜,并结合除草,中耕1次~2次。8.2遮荫当香姜出苗率达50%时,搭建高2m左右的拱棚架,覆盖遮光率为30%的遮阳网,进行姜田遮荫。9月中旬后,拆除遮阳网。8.3水分管理8.3.1播种期播种时浇透底水,出苗前一般不浇水,苗出齐后视墒情,浇1次小水。待2d~3d后再浇1次水,然后中耕保墒。保持土壤见干见湿。8.3.2幼苗期幼苗期生长缓慢,生长量少,需水不多,一般不浇水。如遇干旱浇1次小水。8.3.3旺盛生长期保持在田间最大持水量的80%,视墒情一般每4d~6d浇1次水,使土壤保持湿润状态。8.4追肥2整个生育期追肥3次。第一次在姜苗3叶~4叶追催苗肥,每667m施尿素10kg~15kg。第二2次在5月下旬追促箭肥,每667m施45%(N∶P∶K=15∶15∶15)硫酸钾型复合肥30kg~40kg。第2三次在6月下旬追壮姜肥,每667m施45%硫酸钾型复合肥40kg~50kg。8.5培土植株进入旺盛生长期,结合追肥进行培土。之后每隔15d~20d培土一次,共培土2次~3次。9病虫害防治9.1防治原则坚持“预防为主,综合防治”的原则,优先采用农业、生物、物理防治措施,辅以化学防治。所用3
9DB43/T2413—2022农药应符合GB/T8321的规定。9.2江永香姜病虫害主要病害:茎腐病、叶斑病、姜斑点病、姜瘟病、叶枯病、姜炭疽病。主要虫害:姜螟(玉米螟)、线虫、姜蛆、小地老虎、甜菜夜蛾、异形眼蕈蚊、姜弄蝶。9.3农业防治9.3.1轮作倒茬按5.1要求进行轮作,可减轻茎腐病和姜炭疽病病害发生。9.3.2选用抗病品种根据当地病虫发生情况因地制宜的选用抗、耐病品种。精选无病害姜种;有条件的可选用脱毒姜种。9.3.3地面覆盖地膜或碎草地面覆盖可有效地减轻土传性病害的发生和传播。9.3.4清洁田园及时清除病株残体、病叶,并集中进行无害化处理,保证田间清洁。9.4生物防治9.4.1保护和利用自然天敌应用药剂防治时,宜使用对害虫针对性强的药剂,避免或减轻对天敌的杀伤作用。9.4.2释放天敌在姜螟或姜弄蝶产卵始盛期和盛期释放赤眼蜂。9.4.3选用生物源药剂在姜螟或姜弄蝶卵孵盛期喷洒苏云金杆菌制剂(孢子含量大于100亿/ml)2次~3次,每次间隔5d~7d。利用硫酸链霉素、新植霉素或卡那霉素500ml/L浸种防治姜瘟病。姜瘟病发病初期用3%中生菌素(克菌康)可湿性粉剂800倍药液喷淋或灌根,每隔7d~10d灌1次,连续3次~4次,每株灌药液250ml~500ml。9.5物理防治9.5.1人工捕捉害虫,摘除害虫卵块,挖除姜瘟病株,集中园外销毁。9.5.2用频振式杀虫灯方法诱杀害虫;使用防虫网阻隔害虫进入。9.6化学防治主要病害化学药剂防治见附录A的表A1。主要虫害化学药剂防治见附录A的表A2。4
10DB43/T2413—202210收获与留种10.1收获10.1.1收获时间嫩姜于8月上旬~9月下旬采收;老姜于10月下旬~11月上旬采收。10.1.2收获方法收获时将姜株拔出或刨出,轻轻抖掉泥土,清除病伤姜块,然后从地上茎基部以上2cm处切去茎秆,摘除根须后,即可沙贮或窖贮或鲜销。10.2留种10.2.1选择姜块肥大,姜指健壮,色泽纯正,无病虫害,无机械损伤的姜块作种。10.2.2抹去须根、清除泥土,并用剪刀剪去茎叶,晒ld~2d,即可入窖贮藏,作下一年栽培用种。11运输和贮藏11.1运输运输工具应清洁、干燥、有防雨设施。严禁与有毒、有害、有腐蚀性、有异味的物品混运。运输过程还应符合NY/T1056要求。11.2贮藏贮藏过程的防虫防鼠防潮措施、卫生要求、出入库、堆放等,应符合NY/T1056要求。12废弃物处理生产过程中的农药和肥料等农业投入品废弃物,及时收集并带离生产区集中进行无害化处理。13生产记录档案13.1生产操作记录如实记录生产过程中的各项农事操作时间、地块、措施及方法、效果等内容。记载方法、内容见附录B的表B1。13.2投入品使用记录详细记录农药、化肥等投入品的使用,包括施用时间、品名及剂型、用量、方法等内容。记载方法、内容见附录B的表B2。13.3物候期记录详细记录香姜全生育期,包括播种期、出苗期、生长期、始收期、终收期等内容。记载方法、内容5
11DB43/T2413—2022见附录B的表B3。13.4档案保存各项生产记录在生产周期结束后及时归档,档案保存2年以上。6
12DB43/T2413—2022附录A(规范性)江永香姜主要病虫害化学药剂防治A.1江永香姜主要病害化学药剂防治见表A.1。表A.1江永香姜主要病害化学药剂防治最多连续安全间隔期防治对象农药名称使用方法使用次数(d)22茎腐病98%棉隆50g/m~60g/m土壤处理3≥722叶斑病60%唑醚·代森联60g/667m~100g/667m喷雾3≥72270%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉剂50g/667m~60g/667m喷洒3≥7姜斑点病2.5%嘧菌酯(阿米西林)悬浮剂1500倍液,7d~10d喷1次,连续喷2次3≥720%噻森铜500倍~600倍液灌根3≥7姜瘟病46%氢氧化铜1000倍~1500倍液喷淋、灌根3≥72260%苯醚甲环唑5g/667m~10g/667m喷雾3≥722叶枯病10%苯醚甲环唑30g/667m~60g/667m喷雾3≥72270%甲基硫菌灵30g/667m~57g/667m喷雾3≥722450克/升咪鲜胺30ml/667m~45ml/667m喷雾3≥72225%吡唑醚菌酯20ml/667m~30ml/667m喷雾3≥72炭疽病70%甲基硫菌灵可湿性粉用50g兑水50kg/667m喷雾3≥7245%咪鲜胺水乳剂用40ml兑水50kg/667m喷雾3≥7225%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂30ml兑水50kg/667m喷雾3≥77
13DB43/T2413—2022A.2江永香姜主要虫害化学药剂防治见表A.2。表A.2江永香姜主要虫害化学药剂防治最多连续安全间隔期防治对象农药名称使用方法使用次数(d)223%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐10g/667m~16g/667m喷雾3≥10姜螟(玉米螟)221.8%阿维菌素30ml/667m~40ml/667m喷雾3≥102298%棉隆50g/m~60g/m土壤处理3≥1022线虫99%硫酰氟75g/m~100g/m土壤熏蒸3≥100.3%印楝素600倍~800倍液灌根3≥1020%灭蝇胺50g/1000kg~75g/1000kg姜药土法3≥10姜蛆1%吡丙醚1000g/1000kg~1500g/1000kg姜撒施3≥102214%氯虫·高氯氟10ml/667m~20ml/667m喷雾3≥1022甜菜夜蛾3%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐13.5g/667m~16g/667m喷雾3≥102210%虫螨腈36ml/667m~48ml/667m喷雾3≥10用糖、醋、白酒、水和90%敌百虫按6∶3∶1∶10∶1调匀,撒于田间诱杀成虫3≥10晶体炒香的麦麸、90%敌百虫晶体200g加水拌湿,撒于田间诱杀幼虫3≥10小地老虎豆饼5kg、90%敌百虫晶体200g加水拌湿,撒于田间诱杀幼虫3≥1050%辛硫磷乳油500倍~600倍液灌根3≥1080%敌敌畏乳油播种前,浸泡姜种5min~10min3≥10异形眼蕈蚊80%敌敌畏乳油入窖前,1000倍喷窖3≥1080%敌敌畏乳油入窖内后,在锯末上点燃熏蒸姜窖3≥102220%除虫脲悬浮剂5g/667m~12.5g/667m喷施3≥1022姜弄蝶20%敌灭灵悬浮剂5g/667m~12.5g/667m喷施3≥102220%灭幼脲悬浮剂5g/667m~12.5g/667m喷施3≥108
14DB43/T2413—2022附录B(资料性)江永香姜生产记录B.1生产操作记录见表B.1。表B.1生产操作记录2丘块名称面积(667m)品种土壤种类及操作日期序号操作内容与方法完成情况及效果记载人肥力、前作(月、日)12B.2投入品使用记录见表B.2。表B.2投入品使用记录2丘块名称面积(667m)品种使用日期序号品名剂型生产厂家用量施用方法效果记载人(月、日)12……a根据投入品顺序逐项记载。2b用量为每667m用量,化肥计量单位用kg,农药计量单位用g或ml。B.3物候期记录见表B.3。表B.3物候期记录2丘块名称面积(667m)品种>12℃芋鞭子芽膨大期(月、日)发芽至总叶播种期发芽期齐苗期成熟期的有效发生期发生期成熟片数记载人(月、日)(月、日)(月、日)(月、日)积温(月、日)(月、日)始期高峰期末期(d)(片)(℃)9