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考点21时间&地点&原因&条件状语从句(核心考点精讲练)历年高考对状语从句得考查集中在九大状语从句上,尤其是when,,while,as等等从属连词引导的时间状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句上。预计2023年高考仍然对状语从句的考查将集中在一以下几点。1.主要考查状语从句连接词的正确运用,其次是状语从句的省略(非谓语动词短语与状语从句之间的转换);2.高考对状语从句的考查仍将不会单纯考查其语法结构,而是将其融入一定的语境中来考查考生的实际综合运用能力。3.状语从句中的省略(非谓语动词短语与状语从句之间的转换);4.状语从句和定语从句、名词性从句的区别;作状语的句子为状语从句,修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时,常用逗号隔开;放在主句之后时,一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等。引导状语从句的连词归纳如下:从句连词时间状语从句when,while,as,whenever,till,until,before,after,bythetime,thefirsttime,assoonas,themoment,eachtime,since,nosooner...than...immediately等地点状语从句where,wherever,everywhere等条件状语从句if,unless,providing,aslongas,onconditionthat,incase,ifonly等让步状语从句though,although,evenif/eventhough,as,while,whatever,however,nomatter+疑问词等原因状语从句because,since,as,nowthat,seeingthat,consideringthat,inthat,giventhat等目的状语从句that,sothat(为了),lest,incase,forfearthat,inorderthat等结果状语从句sothat(因此),so...that..such…that..等比较状语从句方式状语从句as...as....,than等asif/asthough,(just)as等考向一时间状语从句一、when/while/as引导的时间状语从句1.when引导的时间状语从句1.when引导的时间状语从句,其动词既可以是延续性动作的动词,也可以是瞬间性动作的动词,而且可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生,或者从句的动作发生在主句的动作之前。Whenyouapplyforajob,youmustpresentyourcredentials.当你申请工作时,你必须递交你的有关证件。(同时)Whenthestudentsheardtheteacher’sfootsteps,theyallatoppedtalking.当学生们听到老师的脚步声时,他们都停止了讲话。(从句动作发生在前)学科网(北京)股份有限公司
12.when还可表示justthen(正在那时,突然)的意思,此时其所引导的从句只放在主句之后。beabouttodo...when...正要去做某事,突然……bedoing...when...正在做某事,突然……beonthepointofdoing...when...正在做某事,突然……Wewereabouttostartwhenitbegantorain.我们正要动身,突然天下起雨来。Thegamehadhardly/scarcely/barelybegunwhenitstartedraining.比赛刚刚开始就下起雨来。2.while引导的时间状语从句while表示"在某一段时间里"或"在……期间",其所引导的从句的动作是延续性的,并侧重表示和主句的动作同时发生。WhentheteacherparaphrasedthetextinEnglish,thestudentslistenedattentivelyandtooknotes.当老师用英语解释课文时,学生们聚精会神地听并做着笔记。IcanlearnwhileIwork.我可以边工作边学习。1.as引导的时间状语从句as引导的时间状语从句其动词的动作是延续性的,而且侧重表示主句和从句的动作交替或同时发生,译为"一边……,一边……"或"随着……"。Wewerehavingbreakfastasshewascombingherhair.她梳头时我们在吃早饭。ItwillwarmupalittlebitonSundayasthecoldfrontpasses.寒流一过,星期日就会有点暖意了。二、before引导的时间状语从句1、before的常见意思1).before"在……之前"。Ihavefinishedmydissertationbeforemysupervisorwentabroad.在我的导师出国之前,我已完成了我的学位论文。I’llbebackbeforeyouhaveleft.你离开之前我就会回来。2).before"……之后才"。Itmaybemanyyearsbeforewemeetagain.可能要过许多年我们才能再见了。Itwasthreedaysbeforehecameback.他三天后才回来。3).before "尚未来得及 "Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar. 她还没有来得及动弹,就听见有很响的声音,接着就成了可怕的隆隆轰鸣声。 Before they reached the house, a new great wave came, sweeping down trees, and sweeping them down too. 他们还没到屋子,又一个巨浪打来,冲倒了树,也冲倒了他们。 4).before "要……先……"You should be a pupil before you become a teacher. 要当老师,先作学生。 5). before"趁……"You should do it before it is too late. 趁现在还不算太晚,你应该赶快做它。2.掌握热点句型用法学科网(北京)股份有限公司
21).itwas(not)/haddone+一段时间+before(vt-ed)…"还要过多久才……(不多久就……了)"It was not long before he returned to Beijing. 不久他就回到北京。 It was long before he married Wei Fang. 过了很久他才娶魏芳。 2).itwill(not)be+一段时间+before(一般式)…"还要过多久才……(不多久就……了)"It will be long before he goes abroad. 要过很久他才出国。 3.thereis+一段时间+togo(=left)+before(一般式)..."在……之前"4.longbefore"不久前",用于一般过去时和完成时中;beforelong=soon/notlongafter"不久后",用于一般将来时和一般过去时中。三、assoonas/once/directly/theinstant等引导的时间状语从句assoonas是最常见的表示"一……就……"的从属连词,其他连词还有once(一旦),directly(老式英国英语),immediately(主要用于英国英语),instantly,theinstant(that),theminute(that),themoment(that)等,它们通常都可与assoonas换用。Assoonaswegothome,thetelephonerang.我们一到家,电话就响了。IrecognizedherimmediatelyIsawher.我一看见她就认出她来了。Directlytheteachercameineveryonewasquiet.老师一进来,大家就静了下来。四、hardly...when/nosooner...than引导的时间状语从句hardly/barely/scarcely...when和nosooner...than的意思是"刚……就",它们所引导的从句中的谓语动词通常为过去完成时。Hehadnosooner(nosoonerhadhe)arrivedhomethanhewasaskedtostartonanotherjourney.他刚一到家,就又要他出另一次差。★hardly/barely/scarcely和nosooner置于句首时,从句要倒装。Nosoonerhadthewordsbeenspokenthanherealizedthatheshouldhaveremainedsilent.这些话刚一出口,他就意识到自己应该保持沉默。五、since引导的时间状语从句在含有since引导的时间状语从句的复合句中,从句的谓语动词通常为一般过去时,主句的谓语动词通常为现在完成时。We’venevermetsincewegraduatedfromthecollege.大学毕业后我们就再没见过面。Greatchangeshavetakenplacesinceyouleft.你走了以后,这里发生了巨大的变化。【命题解读】Since引导时间状语从句时,表示“自……到现在”,从句一般表示动作的起点,通常使用一般过去时;主句表示动作的延续情况,一般使用现在完成时:Cathhasn'tphonedsinceshewenttoBerlin.卡思自从去了柏林还没有打来过电话。ItwasthefirsttimeI'dhadvisitorssinceI'dmovedtoLondon.那是我搬到伦敦以后第一次有人来看我。Howlongisitsincewelastwenttothetheatre?我们多久没去看戏了?Shehadbeenworryingeversincetheletterarrived.自从接到那封信后她就一直焦虑不学科网(北京)股份有限公司
3六、till/until引导的时间状语从句till和until同义,作"直到……时(为止)"解,till多用于非正式文体,until多用于句首。Donaldwillremainincollegeuntil(till)hefinisheshisPh.Dcourse.唐纳德将留在学校直到完成他的博士学位课程。Iwon’tgowithyouuntil(till)Ifinishedmyhomework.等我做完作业我才和你一起去。注意:notuntil置于句首,主句要倒装。Notuntil4:00inthemorningcanhefallasleep.直到凌晨4点他才睡着。(Hecan’tfallasleepuntil4:00inthemorning.)Notuntilhereturneddidwehavesupper.直到他回来我们才吃晚饭。(Wedidn’thavesupperuntilhereturned.)七、eachtime/everytime等引导的时间状语从句这类连词主要有everytime(每次),eachtime(每次),(the)nexttime(下次),anytime(随时),(the)lasttime(上次),thefirsttime(第一次),bythetime(当……的时候)。如:Youcancallmeanytimeyouwantto.你随时都可以给我打电话。EachtimeIwentthere,Isawhimworking.我每次去那儿都看见他在工作。EverytimeIseeherI'llthinkofit.每次我看到她,我就想起这事。Nexttimeyoucomein,pleaseclosethedoor.下次你进来,请关门。Hedidn'ttellmethelasttimeIsawhim.我上次见到他时他没告诉我。ThefirsttimeIheardaboutthefirmclosingdownwaswhenGeorgetoldme.我最初听到公司倒闭的消息是乔治告诉我的。Bythetime,hewastakentothehospitalhewasnearlydead.他被送到医院时已经几乎不行了。注意:everytime,eachtime,anytime前不用冠词,(the)nexttime,(the)lasttime中的冠词可以省略,而thefirsttime中的冠词通常不能省略。1.Ifyoudon’tgraspthischance,itmaybeyears______yougetanotherone.A.beforeB.sinceC.untilD.unless2.Wewereallconfusedwhy he leftthejob____hewassowellpaidinthatbigcompany.A.ifB.untilC.onceD.when3.Located________theBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.A.whyB.whenC.whichD.where学科网(北京)股份有限公司
4考向二地点状语从句一、where引导的地点状语从句1.从属连词where表示"在(或到)……的地方"。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。Putitwhereyoufoundit.把它放在原来的地方。2.where在地点状语从句中,除指地点外,还可指处境等。Hesaidhewashappywherehewas.他说他对自己的处境很满意。It’syourfaultthatsheiswheresheis.她今天落到这个地步都怪你。3.有时地点状语从句中的某些词可以省略。Fillintheblankswiththegivenphrases.Changetheformwherenecessary.用所给的短语填空,必要的地方可以改变其形式。Avoidstructureofthiskindwherepossible.只要可能,就要避免这种结构。Duringthereconstructionofthecity,manymoderntallbuildingswentup______oldshabbyhousesweretorndown.A.whereB.inwhatC.inwhichD.which二、wherever引导的地点状语从句从属连词wherever意为"在(或到)……的各个地方"。Youcangowherever(anywhere)youlikethesedays.这些天你可以去你想去的地方。Where(Everywhere)theywent,theexpertswerewarmlywelcomed.专家们每到一处,都受到热烈的欢迎。【巧学妙记】学科网(北京)股份有限公司
5状语从句口诀§时地原因条状补,§目比结果方让步,§连词引导各不同;§主句通常前面走,§连词引导紧随后,§从句若在主前头,主从之间有个逗。考向三、原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的,引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because,since,as,nowthat(既然)等,for表示因果关系时(它引导的不是从句)为并列连词,语气不如because强。1.because引导的原因状语从句because表示人们不知道的直接的原因或理由,着重点在从句,其所引导的从句,为全句句意的中心所在。通常用于回答why引出的疑问句,语气最强,除特别强调外,该从句一般位于主句后面。Ididn’tgoabroadwithherbecauseIcouldn’taffordit.我没有和她一起出国是因为费用太高。Don’tscampyourworkbecauseyouarepressedfortime.不要因为时间仓促而马马虎虎。Iwonderwhetherhishearingisokay_______________hehasturnedthetelevisionupveryloud.A.unlessB.althoughC.untilD.because2.as引导的原因状语从句as引导的原因状语从句所引出的理由在说话人开来已经很明显,或已为听话人所熟悉而不需要强调,从句多位于主句之前,通常可以和since换用,as语气稍弱。AsIdidn’tknowtheway,Iaskedapoliceman.我不认识路,因而问警察。Asitissnowing,weshallnotclimbthemountain.由于在下雪,我们不去爬山了。学科网(北京)股份有限公司
63.since引导的原因状语从句since表示人们已知的事实,不许强调的原因,故常译为“既然……”,通常位于主句前。since从句是次要的,重点强调主句的内容,相当于nowthat。Sincetravelingbyairismuchfaster,theydecidedtotakeaplane.既然乘飞机旅行快得多,他们就决定坐飞机。Sinceyouwon’thelpme,I’llasksomeoneelse.你既然不帮我,那我就请别人帮忙。MarkneedstolearnChinese________hiscompanyisopeningabranchinBeijing.A.unlessB.untilC.althoughD.since4.now(that)引导的原因状语从句now(that)“因为;既然”,通常可以和since换用。其中that可省去,用来表示一种新的情况,再加以推论。Now(that)you’vepassedyourtestyoucandriveonyourown.你既已考试合格,就可以独自开车了。Idoremember,now(that)youmentionit.你这一提,我倒的确想起来了。________thetermhascometoanend,Iamgoingtotakeatripforrelaxation.A.Nowthat B.EvenifC.Asthough D.Sothat5.seeing(that)引导的原因状语从句seeing(that)“鉴于;由于”,通常用于非正式文体。Seeing(that)theweatherisbad,we’llstayathome.天气不好,我们还是呆在家里吧。6.inthat引导的原因状语从句inthat“因为;基于……的理由”,可以和because换用,多用于正式文体,它所引导的原因状语从句总是位于主句之后。Advertisementisdistinguishedfromotherformsofcommunicationinthattheadvertiserpaysforthemessagetobedelivered.广告不同于其他交际形式,因为登广告的人要为其所提供的信息付费。I’minaslightlyawkwardposition,inthathe’snotarrivinguntil10th.我的处境有点难堪,因为他要十号才来。学科网(北京)股份有限公司
71.Ireallyenjoylisteningtomusic________ithelpsmerelaxandtakesmymindawayfromothercaresoftheday.A.becauseB.beforeC.unlessD.until2.Ourcoreinterestswillbebettersafeguarded________CNSShandong,China’ssecondaircraftearner,isinservice.A.asthoughB.ifonlyC.evenifD.nowthat考向四、条件状语从句1.if引导的条件状语从句if可引导非真实条件状语从句(见"虚拟语气")和真实条件状语从句。Ifhesaidthat,hecan’tbetellingthetruth.如果他说了那样的话,他不可能是说实话。2.unless引导的条件状语从句unless引导的是否定条件状语从句,在意义上相当于if...not,而且语气较强,一般不用于虚拟语气。You’llbelateunlessyouhurry.你会迟到的,如果不赶快的话。3.onlyif引导的条件状语从句onlyif在引导条件状语从句时意为"只有……(才);只有在……的时候,唯一的条件是……"。I’llletyouusethecaronlyifyoukeepitingoodcondition.只要你把车保养好,我就让你用。4.as/solongas引导的条件状语从句as/solongas意为"只要;如果"。Aslongasitdoesn’train,wecanplay.只要不下雨我们就能玩。_______youeatthecorrectfoodswillyoubeabletokeepfitandstayhealthy.A.EventhoughB.IfonlyC.OnlywhenD.Onlyif5.provided(that)/providing(that)引导的条件状语从句provided(that)/providing(that)意为"假如;如果"。Iwillagreetogoprovided/providing(that)myexpenseispaid.学科网(北京)股份有限公司
8假如为我负担费用,我就同意去。ProvidingyoupromisenottotellanyoneelseI’llexplainthesecret.假如你承诺不告诉别人,我就告诉你这个秘密。6.onconditionthat(条件是)和suppose/supposing(that)(假设;如果)也可引导条件状语从句Icantellyouthetruthonconditionthatyoupromisetokeepitasecret.我可以告诉你真相,条件是你答应保守秘密。Suppose/Supposing(that)theyrefuseus,whoelsecanweturntoforhelp?在条件状语从句中,通常要用一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态。不过,有时表示条件的if之后可能用will,但那不是将来时态,而是表示意愿或委婉的请求(will为情态动词)。Ifyouwillsitdownforafewmoments,I’lltellthemanageryou’rehere.请稍坐片刻,我这就通知经理说您来了。1.【2020·全国新课标III】Filledwithcuriosity,theartistpackedhisbagsandleft.65heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传奇的)artist,theysmiledandpointeddowntheriver.2.【2020届河北省石家庄市第二中学高三6月模拟】46.________theresourcesofoureartharelimited,weneedtorecyclemoreandavoidwaste.3.【2020届广东省深圳市实验学校高三适应性考试】Chinesewomen’svolleyballteamhasundoubtedlybeenthenationalpride41.itfirstclaimedthechampionshipin1981.4.【2016·全国新课标III】Overtime,45thepopulationgrew,peoplebegancuttingfoodintosmallpiecessoitwouldcookmorequickly.5.【2016·四川】Themotherheldthebabyinherfrontpawsmuchthewayahumandoes.46itcried,sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlecomfortingpats,6.IthinkJohnwillmakeagoodmonitor,________I'dliketovoteforhim.7.MymotherisalwayswarningmewhenIgoout,“Don'tgetoffthebus________itisrunning.”8.Ihadhardlyrungthebell________thedoorwasopenedsuddenly,andmysonrushedouttogreetme.9.Iwon'tlendyoumycar________youpromiseyouwillnotdriveafterdrinking.10.Hehadtosellhisluxurycar,________hiscompanywasindebt.11.Kate,runabitfaster,________youcancatchupwithallofyourclassmates.12.________themoviestarhasalwaysbeenthefocusofmuchmediaattention,hetriestoleadanormallife.13.Youshouldtrytogetagoodnightsleep,________muchworkyouhavetodo.14.Whenyoureadthebook,you'dbettermakeamark________youhaveanyquestion.学科网(北京)股份有限公司
915.Relaxyourselfeveryday,________you'llbetootiredtogetgoodgrades.16.________studentsdecidewhichcollegetogoto,theyshouldresearchtheadmissionprocedures.17.MrWhitehadnosoonerfinishedthespeech________thestudentsstartedcheering.18.【江苏省苏锡常镇四市2021届高三教学情况调查(一)】Likeanynaturalforce,gravitypullcanworkwithusornot.Thegravitypullofourhabitsmaycurrentlybekeepingusfromgoing64.wewanttogo.19.【江苏省镇江市八校2021届高三10月联考】41.theCha-Chingisnolongerapopularbook,teadrinkingstillpersistsinmanypartsofthecountry.20.【江苏省启东市2021届高三上学期期中】Theymademelearntoplaytheviolinandthenthepiano.AtthattimeIhatedmusic,just63.itwaswhattheywantedmetodo.【2021】1.(2021.6全国乙卷语法填空)Itwasnotwidelyacceptedasatravelconcept 4 thelate1980s.2.(2021.6全国甲卷改错)Inmyopinion,whereintrouble,weshouldseekhelpfromthosewetrustmostly.3.(2021.6全国乙卷改错)Ialsowatertheflowersintheyardandtidyingupmyownbedroomwhatevernecessary.3.(2021.3天津卷单选)Weallneedtogetinvolvedinsavingenergy it'satwork,athome,oratschool.A.unlessB.onceC.whetherD.because【2020】1.(2020.7天津卷单选)—Why do people like pop music? I hate it so much.— it is not your style, that doesn't mean it isbaD.A.OnlyifB.EventhoughC.NowthatD.Incase2.(2020.3天津卷单选)Watchoutforinjurieswhileexercising.Alwaysstop youbegintofeelanypain.A.inorderthatB.evenifC.eversinceD.assoonas3.(2020.7新高考海南卷语法填空)Eachvolumeinthesetexplores awiderangeofmaterial,explainsthebasicconceptsofmajorapplicationsofdigitalsystems, 7 discussestheinfluencestheyhaveoneverydaylife.4.(2020.7全国三卷语法填空) 5 heaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(传奇的)artist,theysmiledand pointeddowntheriver.5.(2020.7上海卷语法填空)Oneoftheearliest-knowninventionsisthebowandarrow,whichisstillusedthroughouttheworldtoday,15,000years 1 itwasfirstinvented.学科网(北京)股份有限公司
10【2019】1.【2019·江苏卷·单项填空】23.Thedoctorshareshisphonenumberwiththepatients__________theyneedmedicalassistance.A.ifonlyB.asifC.eventhoughD.incase2.【2019·天津卷·单项填空】13.Tomissoindependentthatheneveraskshisparents'opinion_________hewantstheirsupport.A.sinceB.onceC.unlessD.after3.【2019·新课标III卷·语法填空】Onourwaytothehouse,itwasraining___61___hardthatwecouldn'thelpwonderinghowlongitwouldtaketoget(get)there.ItwasinthemiddleofPearlCity.【2018】1.【2018·江苏】29._______you can sleep well, you will lose the ability to focus, plan and staymotivated afteroneor two nights.A.OnceB.UnlessC.IfD.When2.【2018·天津】4.Let'snotpickthesepeachesuntilthisweekend___________theygetsweetenoughtobeeaten.A.eversinceB.asifC.eventhoughD.sothat3.【2018·北京】2._________wedon’tstopclimatechange,manyanimalsandplantsintheworldwillbegone.A.AlthoughB.WhileC.IfD.Until【2017】1.【2017·北京】28.Ifyoudon’tunderstandsomething,youmayresearch,study,andtalktootherpeople_______youfigureitout.A.becauseB.thoughC.untilD.since2.【2017·北京】25.______birdsusetheirfeathersforflight,someoftheirfeathersareforotherpurposes.A.OnceB.IfC.AlthoughD.Because3.【2017·江苏】23.Located_______theBeltmeetstheRoad,JiangsuwillcontributemoretotheBeltandRoadconstruction.A.whyB.whenC.whichD.where学科网(北京)股份有限公司