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《备战2023年高考英语复习考点突破（全国通用）10 谓语动词的被动语态 (原卷版)（重难考点）》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
考点10动词的被动语态动词的语态是历年高考的重点，也是高考的必考点。高考主要以语法填空、短文改错等形式对被动语态这一考点进行考查，动词的语态在语法填空和短文改错中是必考点。预计2023年高考语态仍将是高考考查的重点和难点，考查形式仍以语法填空和短文改错题型为主，很可能会与动词的时态及其他的语法点结合起来进行考查。1.掌握被动语态的基本时态变化；2.掌握被动语态的特殊结构形式；3.掌握不能用被动语态的几种情况；4.掌握主动形式表示被动意义的情况。知识网络被动语态的构成序号常用被动语态构成序号常用被动语态构成1一般现在时am/is/areasked6过去进行时was/werebeingasked2一般过去时was/wereasked7现在完成时have/hasbeenasked3一般将来时shall/willbeasked8过去完成时hadbeenasked4过去将来时should/wouldbeasked9将来完成时will/wouldhavebeenasked5现在进行时am/is/arebeingasked10含有情态动词的can/must/maybeasked注意事项被动语态的否定式是在第一个助动词或情态动词后加not，短语动词的被动态不可漏掉其中介副词。固定结构begoingto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter变为被动态时，只需将其后的动词变为被动态。如：Treesshouldnotbeplantedinsummer.夏天不应该种树。Theboywasmadefunofbyhisclassmates.这个男孩被他的同学取笑。Newspapersusedtobesentherebythelittlegirl.报纸过去常被小女孩送到这里。汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中一般可用被动结构表示。如：Itisbelievedthat… Itisgenerallyconsideredthat… Itissaidthat…Itiswellknownthat… Itmustbepointedoutthat… Itissupposedthat…Itisreportedthat… Itmustbeadmittedthat… Itishopedthat…下面主动形式常表示被动意义：如：Thewindowwants/needs/requiresrepairing. Thebookisworthreadingtwice.Thedoorwon’tshut./Theplaywon’tact. Theclotheswasheswell./Thebooksellswell.
1Thedishtastesdelicious./Waterfeelsverycold.下面词或短语没有被动态：leave,enter,reach,become,benefit,cost,equal,contain,last,lack,fit,fail,have,appear,happen,occur,belongto,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,agreewith,keepupwith,consistof,haveon,loseheart等等考向一被动语态的基本时态变化被动语态通常为十种时态的被动形式，被动语态由be＋过去分词构成，be随时态的变化而变化。各种时态的被动语态形式为（以do为例）：时时体现在过去将来过去将来一般is/am/aredonewas/weredonewill/shallbedonewould/shouldbedone进行is/am/arebeingdonewas/werebeingdone完成have/hasbeendonehadbeendonewill/shallhavebeendonewould/shouldhavebeendone被动语态的特殊结构形式(1)含有情态动词的被动语态的结构为：情态动词＋be＋过去分词Somethingmustbedonetostopthewaterfrombeingpolluted.必须采取措施来制止水受到污染。(2)“get＋过去分词”式被动语态在口语和非正式的语体中，常用“get＋过去分词”表示被动语态，其中get相当于be动词，起助动词的作用。这种形式一般用来谈论突然发生的事，通常只表示动作，不表示状态。Someglassesgotbrokenwhenweweremoving.我们搬家时有些玻璃杯被打碎了。几种主动变被动的规则（1）有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。通常变为主语的是间接宾语。Hismothergavehimapresentforhisbirthday.可改为Hewasgivenapresentbyhismotherforhisbirthday.（间接宾语为主语）
2Apresentwasgiventohimbyhismotherforhisbirthday.（直接宾语为主语，需加介词to）（2）当＂动词+宾语+宾语补足语＂结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。Someonecaughttheboysmokingacigarette.可改为Theboywascaughtsmokingacigarette.（3）在使役动词have,make,get以及感官动词see,watch,notice,hear,feel,observe等后面不定式作宾语补语时，在主动结构中不定式to要省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。Someonesawastrangerwalkintothebuilding.可改为Astrangerwasseentowalkintothebuilding.（4）有些相当于及物动词的动词词组，如＂动词＋介词＂，＂动词＋副词＂等，也可以用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开。其中的介词或副词也不能省略。ThemeetingistobeputofftillFriday.(介词off不能遗漏)5.当句子的谓语为say,believe,expect,think,know,write,consider,report等时,被动语态有两种形式:(1)谓语动词用被动语态,动词不定式作主语补足语。Peoplesaidhewasasmartboy.可变为：Itwassaidthathewasasmartboy.Hewassaidtobeasmartboy(2)用it作形式主语,真正的主语在后面用主语从句来表示。如:类似句型有:Itissaid/known/suggested/believed/hoped/thoughtthat...用所给词的适当形式填空。1．Forcenturies,theancientlanguage________ (pass)onfromonegenerationtoanother.2．Worldwide,threecupsoftea________(consume)foreverycupofcoffee.3．Farmingproducedmorefoodperpersonthanhuntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood________(need)．4．Theactivity,which__________(schedule)onFriday,ismeanttocelebratetheir50thanniversary.5．Inourschool,allthestudents____________________(request)towearschooluniformsonweekends.6．Yourpassport____(return)toyouwhenyoucheckoutofyourhotel.7．Tenthousanddollars____________(spend)onthisprojectsothatwecanenjoyamorebeautifulcampus.(所给词的适当形式填空)考向二不能用被动语态的几种情况：
31.（1）所有的不及物动词或不及物动词词组不能用于被动语态。（2）表示状态的谓语动词，如：last、hold、benefit、contain、equal、fit等。（3）表示归属的动词，如have、own、belongto等。（4）表示＂希望、意图＂的动词，如：wish、want、hope、like、love、hate等。（5）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时谓语动词用主动语态，不能用被动语态。考向三主动形式表被动意义的情况：（1）系动词没有被动形式，但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词feel，sound，taste，book，feel等在主系表结构中常以主动形式表示被动意义。（2）当cut，sell，read，write，fill，cook，lock，wash，drive，keep等词带状语修饰语时；（3）当breakout、takeplace、shutoff、turnoff、workout等动词词组表示＂发生、关闭、制定＂等意思时；（4）want，require，need后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。（5）beworthdoing用主动形式表示被动含义。（6）在＂be+形容词+todo＂中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。另外：betoblame(受谴责)，betorent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。1．（2021·全国·高三专题练习）Hisnewnovel_________;veryfewpeoplewouldliketoreadit.A．sellswellB．iswellsoldC．sellsbadlyD．isbadlysold2．（2020·内蒙古·赤峰二中高三阶段练习）Myparentslikeclimbingthemountainbehindmyhomeinthemorning,becausethemountainousairissogood________.A．breathingB．breathedC．tobreatheD．tobebreathed3．（2019·宁夏·石嘴山市第三中学高三阶段练习）TheyrealizedthattheproblemTedputforwardwasdifficult_______.A．tosolveB．solvedC．tobesolvedD．solving4．（2019·黑龙江·铁人中学高三期中）IwanttobuythatkindofclothbecauseI_____thecloth_____well.A．havetold;washedB．havebeentold;washesC．havebeentold;washedD．wastold;washes5．（2020·全国·高三专题练习）Thecarelessdriveris____forthetrafficaccidentthat____yesterday.A．toblame;happenedB．toblame;washappenedC．tobeblamed;washappenedD．tobeblamed;happened
46．（2019·全国·高三专题练习）Alotofsmalltownsintheareaaredefinitelyworth________.A．tobevisitedB．beingvisitedC．visitingD．tovisit【巧学妙记】主动语态变被动语态记忆口诀一般现、过用bedone，be有人称、时、数变。完成时态havedone，被动将been加中间。一般将来shall(will)do，被动变do为bedone。将来进行无被动，shall(will)bedoing。现在完成进行同，have(has)beendoing。现、过进行bedoing，被动be加beingdone。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。一般情助加bedone，双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。注释：①＂be有人称、时、数变＂即be有人称、时态和单、复数的变化。②＂情助＂是指情态动词和助动词must，may，can，shall，will等一律随新主语(多是主动句中的宾语)来变化。③＂疑问一助置主前＂是说有两个助动词的话，应把主语放在第一助动词之后或把第一助动词置于主语之前。1.（2021·吉林松原市实验高级中学高三模考语法填空）These3000-year-oldsymbols,jiaguwen,(carve)onturtleshellsorbonesofanimals,andcangiveusinsightintohowancientChinesesawtheworldaroundthemandintotheirgreatcreativity.2.（2021·江西萍乡市·高三二模语法填空）Breakdancingisasportwhichcanbeplayedanytimeandanywhereinurbanandotherenvironments.IthasnopreviousappearanceattheSummerOlympicGames,but(include)attheSummerYouthOlympicGamesinBuenosAiresin2018.3.（2021·黑龙江大庆市·高三二模语法填空）Whatwillyouthinkofwhenhearingtheword“kungfu”?TheanswerformostpeoplemaybeShaolinmonks,BruceLeeorKungFuPanda.ButforLaurenceJ.Brahm,anAmericandocumentaryfilmmaker,thefirstthingthat(spring)tomindistheconceptofnon-violence.4.（2021·四川泸州市·高三三模语法填空）
5Recordedinashortvideobyalocalresident,therareappearance1．(attract)attentiononlineontherightday.……“Risingwaterlevelsduringthefloodseasontogetherwiththefishingban48．(probable)contributetothisrareanimal’sappearance,giventhatsandbanks2．(cover)bywaterandmorewaterplantsareavailableforfish.attracted2.arecovered5.（2021·西宁市教育科学研究院高三一模语法填空）China’sChang’e5missionsuccessfullydeliveredsamplesofmoonrockanddusttoEarthonDecember17.Itmarksthefirsttimein44yearsthatmoonrocks．(bring)backtoplanet.6.（2021·内蒙古赤峰市·高三二模语法填空）AwakeningofInsects,which（1）(signal)ariseintemperatureandincreasedrainfall,fallsonMarch5andendsonMarch19thisyear.AwakeningofInsectsreferstothefactthatanimalssleepinginwinter（2）(awaken)byspringthunderandthattheearthbeginstocomebacktolife.7.（2021·内蒙古包头市·高三二模短文改错）Asyouknow,China,withalonghistoryandgreatculture,haveaseaoffamouscitiesanddifferenttypesofplacesofinterestingforyoutoexplore.8.（2021·黑龙江大庆市·高三二模短文改错）Fortunately,thefencewaslastedthrough15moreminutesandthehelicopterarrivedintime.Weweresaving.9.（2021·四川遂宁市·遂宁中学高三三模语法填空）TheChineselunarcalendardividestheyearinto24solarterms.ClearandBright(1)(be)theonlyonewhosefirstdayisalsoatraditionalChinesefestival,Tomb-SweepingDay.……..ClearandBrightservesasatimewhenChinesepeoplehonornatureandtheancestorsoftheChinesenation.Theworshipofnatureandancestors(2)(date)backtoancienttimes,andstillmattersalotinmodernsociety.10.（2021·赤峰二中高三月考）“Each”and“every”arewordswhicharecloseinmeaning.Ingeneral,youuse“each”whenyouaretalkingaboutoneindividual(单独的)objectorperson."Every"（1）．(use)foragroupofobjects,orpeoplethatyougrouptogether.………11.（天津市河东区2021届高三第一次模拟考试）—Doyourememberthefirsttimewemet?—Yes.Ithappenedattheairportandwe_______toleaveforTianjin.A．hadbeenwaitingB．werewaitingC．wouldwaitD．waited12.（天津市红桥区2021届高三质量调查（一模））Mr.Smith________thesedays.Ithinkheshouldtakeaholidaybeforeheburnsout.A．hasbeenoverworkingB．overworkedC．hasoverworkedD．wasoverworking
613.13．（天津市南开中学2020-2021学年高三上学期第四次月考）—Didyougettoworkontime?—Sure.Thecitycenterwasn'tascrowdedthismorningasitusually________.A．isB．wasC．hasbeenD．hadbeen【2022年】1.（2022·新高考1卷语法填空）Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat___38___(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderoneauthority___39_toincrease__effectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.2.（2022·全国甲卷语法填空）Inthelastfiveyears.Cao___47___(walk)through34countriesinsixcontinents,andin2016,hereachedthetopofKilimanjaro,Africa’s___48highest___mountain.3.（2022·全国卷甲短文改错）MyfatheroftentookmetohishospitalwhenIwasoffschool.Heshowedmehowhismedicalinstrumentswasused.4.（2022·全国卷乙短文改错）Weallknowthatcyclingisagreatexercise.Adoctortellsmepeoplewholivesthelongestaredancersandcyclists.5.（2022·全国卷乙短文改错）Justseehowcarshavebeentakenoverourcities.【2021年】1.（2021年1月浙江卷）Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson’sweightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquaredandaBMIofbetween19and2531．(consider)healthy.2.（2021年6月浙江卷）Mary’sniecewrote,“Thelittlehome40________（paint）white.Itwassweetandfresh.Marylovedit.”3.（2021·全国卷甲）TheXi’anCityWallisthemostcompletecitywallthathassurvivedChina'slonghistory.It41_________(build)originallytoprotectthecityintheTangdynastyandhasnowbeencompletelyrestored(修复).4.（2021年1月浙江卷）Itiscalculatedbydividingaperson’sweightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquaredandaBMIofbetween19and2531．(consider)healthy.【2020年】1.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ，68)“Thisreallyexcitesscientists,”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseitmeanswehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon__________(construct).”2.（2020•新课标Ⅲ）Theartistwassurehewould63________(choose),butwhenhepresentedhismasterpiecetotheemperor’schiefminister,theoldmanlaughed.3.（2020•山东卷）Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic40_________(call)galleriesorrooms.4.（2020•浙江卷）Farmingproducedmorefoodperpersonthanhuntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood59________(need).
7【2019年】1.(2019·全国卷Ⅲ，69)Onthelastdayofourweek-longstay,we_____(invite)toattendaprivateconcertonabeautifulfarmontheNorthShoreunderthestars,listeningtomusiciansandmeetinginterestinglocals.【2017年】1.(2017·全国卷Ⅰ，6467)Whenfatandsalt____________(remove)fromfood,thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.Fastfoodisfulloffatandsalt;byeatingmorefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthantheyneedintheirdiet.2.(2017·全国卷Ⅱ，6568)Steamengines__________(use)topullthecarriagesanditmusthavebeenfairlyunpleasantforthepassengers,withallthesmokeandnoise.3.(2017·全国卷Ⅲ，4349)Sarah_________(tell)thatshecouldbeBritain’snewsupermodelearningamilliondollarsinthenewyear.
