考研英语之历年完型

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历年真题-完形填空1998年考研英语完形填空UntilrecentlymosthistoriansspokeverycriticallyoftheIndustrialRevolution.They_41_thatinthelongrunindustrializationgreatlyraisedthestandardoflivingforthe_42_man.Buttheyinsistedthatits43resultsduringtheperiodfrom1750to1850werewidespreadpovertyandmiseryforthe_44_oftheEnglishpopulation._45_contrast,theysawintheprecedinghundredyearsfrom1650to1750,whenEnglandwasstilla_46_agriculturalcountry,aperiodofgreatabundanceandprosperity.Thisview,47,isgenerallythoughttobewrong.Specialists48historyandeconomics,have_49_twothings：thattheperiodfrom1650to1750was_50_bygreatpoverty,andthatindustrializationcertainlydidnotworsenandmayhaveactuallyimprovedtheconditionsforthemajorityofthepopulace.41.[A]admitted[B]believed[C]claimed[D]predicted42.[A]plain[B]average[C]mean[b]normal43.[A]momentary[B]prompt[C]instant[b]immediate44.[A]bulk[B]host[C]gross[b]magnitude45.[A]On[B]With[C]For[D]By46.[A]broadly[B]thoroughly[C]generally[b]completely47.[A]however[B]meanwhile[C]therefore[b]moreover48.[A]at[B]in[C]about[D]for49.[A]manifested[B]approved[。]shown[b]speculated50.[A]noted[B]impressed[C]labeled[b]marked

1Industrialsafetydoesnotjusthappen.Companies1lowaccidentratesplantheirsafetyprograms,workhardtoorganizethem,andcontinueworkingtokeepthem2andactive.Whentheworkiswelldone,a3ofaccidentfreeoperationsisestablished4timelostduetoinjuriesiskeptataminimum.Successfulsafetyprogramsmay5greatlyintheemphasisplacedoncertainaspectsoftheprogram.Someplacegreatemphasisonmechanicalguarding.Othersstresssafeworkpracticesby6rulesorregulations.7othersdependonanemotionalappealtotheworker.But,therearecertainbasicideasthatmustbeusedineveryprogramifmaximumresultsaretobeobtained.Therecanbenoquestionaboutthevalueofasafetyprogram.Fromafinancialstandpointalone,safety8.Thefewertheinjury9,thebettertheworkman'sinsurancerate.Thismaymeanthedifferencebetweenoperatingat10orataloss.1.[A]at[B]in[C]on[D]with2.[A]alive[B]vivid[C]mobile[D]diverse3.[A]regulation[B]climateEC]circumstance[D]requirement4.LA]where[B]how[C]whatED]unless5.[A]alter[B]differEC]shift[D]distinguish6.[A]constituting[B]aggravatingEC]observingCD]justifying7.[A]Some[B]ManyEC]Even[D]Still8.[A]comesoff[B]turnsup[C]paysoffED]holdsup9.[A]claims[8]reportsEC]declarations[D]proclamations10.[A]anadvantage[B]abenefit[C]aninterest[b]aprofit

2Ifafarmerwishestosucceed,hemusttrytokeepawidegapbetweenhisconsumptionandhisproduction.Hemuststorealargequantityofgrain1consumingallhisgrainimmediately.Hecancontinuetosupporthimselfandhisfamily2heproducesasurplus.Hemustusethissurplusinthreeways：asseedforsowing,asaninsurance3theunpredictableeffectsofbadweatherandasacommoditywhichhemustsellinorderto4oldagriculturalimplementsandobtainchemicalfertilizersto5thesoil.Hemayalsoneedmoneytoconstructirrigation6andimprovehisfarminotherways.Ifnosurplusisavailable,afarmercannotbe7.Hemusteithersellsomeofhispropertyor8extrafundsintheformofloans.Naturallyhewilltrytoborrowmoneyatalow9ofinterest,butloansofthiskindarenot10obtainable.1.[A]otherthan[B]aswellas[C]insteadof[Dlmorethan2.[A]onlyif[B]muchas[C]longbefore[D]eversince3.[A]for[B]against[C]of[DItowards4.[A]replace[B]purchase[C]supplement[D]dispose5.[A]enhance[B]mix[C]feed[t>]raise6.[A]vessels⑻routes[C]paths[D]channels7.[A]self-confident[B]self-sufficient[C]self-satisfied[D]self-restrained8.[A]searchLB]save[C]offerED]seek9.[A]proportion[B]percentage[C]rate[D]ratio10.[A]genuinely⑻obviously[C]presumably[b]frequently

3Thegovernmentistobanpaymentstowitnessesbynewspapersseekingtobuyuppeopleinvolvedinprominentcases]thetrialofRosemaryWest.Inasignificant2oflegalcontrolsoverthepress,LordIrvine,theLordChancellor,willintroducea3billthatwillproposemakingpaymentstowitnesses4andwillstrictlycontroltheamountof5thatcanbegiventoacase6atrialbegins.InalettertoGeraldKaufman,chairmanoftheHouseofCommonsmediaselectcommittee,LordIrvinesaidhe7withacommitteereportthisyearwhichsaidthatselfregulationdidnot_8sufficientcontrol.9ofthelettercametwodaysafterLordIrvinecauseda10ofmediaprotestwhenhesaidthe11ofprivacycontrolscontainedinEuropeanlegislationwouldbelefttojudges12toParliament.TheLordChancellorsaidintroductionoftheHumanRightsBill,which13theEuropeanConventiononHumanRightslegally14inBritain,laiddownthateverybodywas15toprivacyandthatpublicfigurescouldgotocourttoprotectthemselvesandtheirfamilies."Pressfreedomswillbeinsafehands16ourBritishjudges/hesaid.Witnesspaymentsbecamean17afterWestwassentencedto10lifesentencesin1995.Upto19witnesseswere18tohavereceivedpaymentsfortellingtheirstoriestonewspapers.Concernswereraised19witnessesmightbeencouragedexaggeratetheirstoriesincourtto20guiltyverdicts.1.[A]asto[B]forinstance[C]inparticular[b]suchas2.[A]tightening[B]intensifying[C]focusing[b]fastening3.[A]sketch[B]rough[C]preliminary[D]draft4.[A]illogicalLB]illegal[C]improbable[D]improper5.[A]publicity[B]penalty[C]popularity[D]peculiarity6.[A]sinceLB]if[C]before[b]as7.[A]sided[B]shared[C]complied[D]agreed8.[A]present[B]offer[C]manifest[D]indicate9.[A]ReleaseLB]Publication[C]Printing[D]Exposure10.[A]storm[B]rageEC]flare[D]flash

411.[A]translation[B]interpretation[C]exhibition[D]demonstration12.[A]betterthan「B]otherthan[C]ratherthanFt>]soonerthan13.[A]changesLB]makesLC]sets[D]turns14.[A]binding[B]convincingEC]restraining[D]sustaining15.[A]authorizedLB]credited[C]entitled[b]qualified16.[A]with[B]to[C]from[D]by17.[A]impactLB]incident[C]inference[b]issue18.[A]statedLB]remarked[C]said[D]told19.[A]what[B]when[C]which[D]that20.[A]assure[B]confide[C]ensureEb]guarantee

5Comparisonsweredrawnbetweenthedevelopmentoftelevisioninthe20thcenturyandthediffusionofprintinginthe15thand16thcenturies.Yetmuchhadhappened_21_.Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot_22_the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic.23—,followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe_24_oftheperiodical.Itwasduringthesametimethatthecommunicationsrevolution25up,beginningwithtransport,therailway,andleading_26_throughthetelegraph,thetelephone,radio,andmotionpictures_27_the20th-centuryworldofthemotorcarandtheairplane.Noteveryoneseesthatprocessin_28_.Itisimportanttodoso.Itisgenerallyrecognized,29thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,_30_bytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,—31—itsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediately_32_.Astimewentby,computersbecamesmallerandmorepowerful,andtheybecame"personal"to。，aswellas_33_,withdisplaybecomingsharperandstorage34increasing.Theywerethoughtof,likepeople,35generations,withthedistancebetweengenerationsmuch_36_.Itwaswithinthecomputeragethattheterm''informationsocietyMbegantobewidelyusedtodescribethe_37_withinwhichwenowlive.Thecommunicationsrevolutionhas_38_bothworkandleisureandhowwethinkandfeelbothaboutplaceandtime,buttherehavebeen39viewaboutitseconomic,political,socialandculturalimplications."Benefits"havebeenweighed_40_"harmful“outcomes.Andgeneralizationshaveproveddifficult.21.[A]between[B]before[C]since[D]later22.[A]after[B]by[C]during[D]until23.[A]means[B]method[C]medium[b]measure24.[A]process[B]company[C]light[b]form25.[A]gathered[B]speeded[。]worked[b]picked26.[A]on[B]out[C]over[b]off27.[A]of[B]for[C]beyond[D]into28.[A]concept[B]dimension[C]effect[b]perspective29.[A]indeed[B]hence[C]however[D]therefore30.[A]brought[B]followed[C]stimulated[D]characterized

621.[A]unless[B]since[C]lest[b]although22.[A]apparent[B]desirable。negative[b]plausible23.[A]institutional[B]universal[C]fundamental[b]instrumental24.[A]ability[B]capability[C]capacity[b]faculty25.[A]bymeansof[B]intermsof[C]withregardto[b]inlinewith26.[A]deeper[B]fewer[C]nearer[D]smaller27.[A]context[B]range[C]scope[b]territory28.[A]regarded[B]impressed[C]influenced[D]effected29.[A]competitive[B]controversial^]distracting。irrational30.[A]above[B]upon[C]against[D]with

7TeachersneedtobeawareoftheemotionaLintellectual,andphysicalchangesthatyoungadultsexperience.Andtheyalsoneedtogiveserious1tohowtheycanbest2suchchanges.Growingbodiesneedmovementand3,butnotjustinwaysthatemphasizecompetition.4theyareadjustingtotheirnewbodiesandawholehostofnewintellectualandemotionalchallenges,teenagersareespeciallyself-consciousandneedthe5thatcomesfromachievingsuccessandknowingthattheiraccomplishmentsare6byothers.However,thetypicalteenagelifestyleisalreadyfilledwithsomuchcompetitionthatitwouldbe7toplanactivitiesinwhichtherearemorewinnersthanlosers,8,publishingnewsletterswithmanystudent-writtenbookreviews,9studentartwork,andsponsoringbookdiscussionclubs.Avarietyofsmallclubscanprovide10opportunitiesforleadership,aswellasforpracticeinsuccessful11dynamics.Makingfriendsisextremelyimportanttoteenagers,andmanyshystudentsneedthe12ofsomekindoforganizationwithasupportiveadult13visibleinthebackground.Intheseactivities,itisimportanttorememberthattheyoungteenshave14attentionspans.Avarietyofactivitiesshouldbeorganized\5participantscanremainactiveaslongastheywantandthengoonto16elsewithoutfeelingguiltyandwithoutlettingtheotherparticipants17.Thisdoesnotmeanthatadultsmustacceptirresponsibility.18theycanhelpstudentsacquireasenseofcommitmentby19forrolesthatarewithintheir20andtheirattentionspansandbyhavingclearlystatedrules.1.[A]thought[B]idea[C]opinion[b]advice2.[A]strengthen[B]accommodate[C]stimulate[b]enhance3.[A]care[B]nutrition[C]exercise[b]leisure4.[A]If[B]Although[C]Whereas[b]Because5.[A]assistance[B]guidance[C]confidence[D]tolerance6.[A]claimed[B]admired[C]ignored[b]surpassed7.[A]improper[B]risky[C]fair[D]wise8.[A]ineffect[B]asaresult[C]forexample[b]inasense9.[A]displaying[B]describing[C]creating[b]exchanging10.[A]durable[B]excessive[C]surplus[D]multiple11.[A]group[B]individual[C]personnel[b]corporation

812.[A]consent13.[A]particularly14.[A]similar15.[A]ifonly16.[A]everything17.[A]off18.[A]Onthecontrary19.[A]making20.[A]capability[B]insurance[B]barely[B]long[B]nowthat[B]anything[B]down[B]Ontheaverage[B]standing[B]responsibility[C]admission[C]definitely[C]different[C]sothat[b]security[D]rarely[D]short[b]evenif[C]nothing[b]something[C]out[b]alone[C]Onthewhole[D]Ontheotherhand[C]planning[b]taking[C]proficiency[b]efficiency

9Manytheoriesconcerningthecausesofjuveniledelinquency(crimescommittedbyyoungpeople)focuseitherontheindividualoronsocietyasthemajorcontributinginfluence.Theories1ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior2theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough3withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin4totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus,5asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.Mosttheoriesofjuveniledelinquencyhavefocusedonchildrenfromdisadvantagedfamilies,_6thefactthatchildrenfromwealthyhomesalsocommitcrimes.Thelattermaycommitcrimes_7lackofadequateparentalcontrol.Alltheories,however,aretentativeandore8tocriticism.Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly9juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythat10tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment11makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.Theresultingdiscontentmayin12leadmoreyouthsintocriminalbehavior.Familieshavealso13changestheseyears.Morefamiliesconsistofone-parenthouseholdsortwoworkingparents;14,childrenarelikelytohavelesssupervisionathome15wascommoninthetraditionalfamily16.Thislackofparentalsupervisionisthoughttobeaninfluenceonjuvenilecrimerates.Other17—causesofoffensiveactsincludefrustrationorfailureinschool,theincreased18ofdrugsandalcohol,andthegrowing19ofchildabuseandchildneglect.Alltheseconditionstendtoincrease,theprobabilityofachildcommittingacriminalact,20adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.1.[A]acting[B]relying[C]centering[D]commenting2.[A]before[B]unless[C]until[b]because3.[A]interaction[B]assimilation[C]cooperation[b]consultation4.[A]return[B]reply[C]reference[b]response5.[A]or[B]butrather[C]but[b]orelse6.[A]considering[B]ignoring[C]highlighting[D]discarding7.[A]on[B]in[C]for[D]with8.[A]immune[B]resistant[C]sensitive[D]subject9.[A]affect[B]reduce[C]chock[D]reflect

1010.[A]point[B]lead[C]come[b]amount11.[A]ingeneral[B]onaverage[C]bycontrast[D]atlength12.[A]case[B]short[C]turn[0]essence13.[A]survived[B]noticed[C]undertaken[b]experienced14.[A]contrarily[B]consequently[C]similarly[D]simultaneously15.[A]than[B]that[C]which[D]as16.[A]system[B]structure[C]concept[b]heritage17.[A]assessable[B]identifiable[C]negligible[D]incredible18.[A]expense[B]restriction[C]allocation[b]availability19.[A]incidence[B]awareness[C]exposure[D]popularity20.[A]provided[B]since[C]although[b]supposing

11Thehumannoseisanunderratedtool.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,1thisislargelybecause,2animals,westandupright.Thismeansthatournosesare_3_toperceivingthosesmellswhichfloatthroughtheair,_4_themajorityofsmellswhichsticktosurfaces.Infact,—5—,weareextremelysensitivetosmells,—6_wedonotgenerallyrealizeit.Ournosesarecapableof7humansmellsevenwhentheseare8tofarbelowonepartinonemillion.Strangely,somepeoplefindthattheycansmellonetypeofflowerbutnotanother,_9_othersaresensitivetothesmellsofbothflowers.Thismaybebecausesomepeopledonothavethegenesnecessarytogenerate10smellreceptorsinthenose.Thesereceptorsarethecellswhichsensesmellsandsend_11_tothebrain.However,ithasbeenfoundthatevenpeopleinsensitivetoacertainsmell_12_cansuddenlybecomesensitivetoitwhen_13_toitoftenenough.Theexplanationforinsensitivitytosmellseemstobethatbrainfindsit14tokeepallsmellreceptorsworkingallthetimebutcan15newreceptorsifnecessary.Thismay16explainwhywearenotusuallysensitivetoourownsmellswesimplydonotneedtobe.Wearenot_17_oftheusualsmellofourownhousebutwe_18—newsmellswhenwevisitsomeoneelse's.Thebrainfindsitbesttokeepsmellreceptors_19_forunfamiliarandemergencysignals_20_thesmellofsmoke,whichmightindicatethedangeroffire.1.[A]although[B]as[C]but[b]while2.[A]above[B]unlike[C]excluding。besides3.[A]limited[B]committed[C]dedicated。confined4.[A]catching[B]ignoring[。]missing[b]tracking5.[A]anyway[B]though[C]instead[b]therefore6.[A]evenif[B]ifonly[C]onlyif[b]asif7.[A]distinguishing[B]discovering[。]determining。detecting8.[A]diluted[B]dissolved[C]determining[b]diffused9.[A]when[B]since[C]for[D]whereas10.[A]unusual[B]particular[C]unique[。]typical11.[A]signs[B]stimuli[C]messages[b]impulses12.[A]atatall[C]atlarge[b]attimes

121.[A]subjected[B]left[C]drawn[b]exposed2.[A]ineffective[B]incompetent[C]inefficient。insufficient3.[A]introduce[B]summon[C]trigger[b]create4.[A]still网also[C]otherwise[。]nevertheless5.[A]sure[B]sick[C]aware[b]tired6.[A]tolerate[B]repel[C]neglect[D]notice7.[A]available[B]reliable[C]identifiable[D]suitable8.[A]similarto[B]suchas[C]alongwith[D]asidefrom

13ThehomelessmakeupagrowingpercentageofAmerica'spopulation._1_homelessnesshasreachedsuchproportionsthatlocalgovernmentcan'tpossibly2.Tohelphomelesspeople3independence,thefederalgovernmentmustsupportjobtrainingprograms,—4_theminimumwage,andfundmorelow-costhousing.5everyoneagreesonthenumbersofAmericanswhoarehomeless.Estimates6anywherefrom600,000to3million._7_thefiguremayvary,analystsdoagreeonanothermatter：thatthenumberofthehomelessis_8—.Oneofthefederalgovernment'sstudies_9_thatthenumberofthehomelesswillreachnearly19millionbytheendofthisdecade.Findingwaysto_10_thisgrowinghomelesspopulationhasbecomeincreasinglydifficult._11_whenhomelessindividualsmanagetofinda12thatwillgivethemthreemealsadayandaplacetosleepatnight,agoodnumberstillspendthebulkofeachday_13_thestreet.Partoftheproblemisthatmanyhomelessadultsareaddictedtoalcoholordrugs.Andasignificantnumberofthehomelesshaveseriousmentaldisorders.Manyothers,14notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday_15_skillsneedtoturntheirlives_16_.BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare_17—programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless._18_EdwardBlotkowsk,directorofcommunityserviceatBentleyCollegeinMassachusetts,19it,"Therehastobe20ofprograms.Whatweneedisapackagedeal/*1.[A]Indeed[B]Likewise[。]Therefore[b]Furthermore2.[A]stand[B]cope[C]approve[b]retain3.[A]in[B]for[C]with[b]toward4.[A]raise[B]add[C]take[b]keep5.[A]generally[B]almost[C]hardly[b]not6.[A]cover[B]change[C]range[D]differ7.[A]Nowthat[B]Although[C]Provided[b]Exceptthat8.[A]inflating[B]expanding[C]increasing。extending9.[A]predicts[B]displays[C]proves[D]discovers10.[A]assist[B]track[C]sustain[。]dismiss11.[A]Hence[B]But[C]Even[D]Only12.[A]lodging[B]shelter[C]dwelling[b]house

141.[A]searching[B]strolling[C]crowding[。]wandering2.[A]when[B]once[C]while[b]whereas3.[A]existence[C]survival[D]maintenance4.[A]around[B]over[C]on[b]up5.[A]complex[B]comprehensive[。]complementary。compensating6.[A]So[B]Since[C]As[D]Thus7.[A]puts[B]interprets/]assumes[D]makes8.[A]supervision[B]manipulation[C]regulation。coordination

15By1830theformerSpanishandPortuguesecolonieshadbecomeindependentnations.Theroughly20million1ofthesenationslooked2_tothefuture.BorninthecrisisoftheoldregimeandIberianColonialism,manyoftheleadersofindependence^theideasofrepresentativegovernment,careers4totalent,freedomofcommerceandtrade,the旦toprivateproperty,andabeliefintheindividualasthebasisofsociety,_6therewasabeliefthatthenewnationsshouldbesovereignandindependentstates»largeenoughtobeeconomicallyviableandintegratedbya7setoflaws.Ontheissueof_8ofreligionandthepositionofthechurch,9_,therewaslessagreement10theleadership.RomanCatholicismhadbeenthestatereligionandtheonlyone11bytheSpanishcrown»12mostleaderssoughttomaintainCatholicism13theofficialreligionofthenewstates,somesoughttoendthe14ofotherfaiths.ThedefenseoftheChurchbecamearallying15fortheconservativeforces.Theidealsoftheearlyleadersofindependencewereoftenegalitarian,valuingequalityofeverything.BolivarhadreceivedaidfromHaitiandhad16inreturntoabolishslaveryintheareasheliberated.By1854slaveryhadbeenabolishedeverywhereexceptSpain's17colonies.EarlypromisestoendIndiantributeandtaxesonpeopleofmixedorigincamemuch18becausethenewnationsstillneededtherevenuesuchpolicies19Egalitariansentimentswereoftentemperedbyfearsthatthemassofthepopulationwas20self-ruleanddemocracy.1.[A]natives[B]inhabitants[C]peoples[b]individuals2.[A]confusedly[B]cheerfully[C]worriedly[b]hopefully3.[A]shared[B]forgot[C]attained[D]rejected4.[A]related[B]close[C]open[D]devoted5.[A]access[B]succession[C]right[D]return6.[A]Presumably[B]Incidentally[C]Obviously[D]Generally7.[A]unique[B]common[C]particular[b]typical8.[A]freedom[B]origin[C]impact[b]reform9.[A]therefore[B]however[C]indeed[D]moreover10.[A]with[B]about[C]among[D]by11.[A]allowed[B]preached[C]granted[b]funded12.[A]Since[B]If[C]Unless[D]While13.[A]as[B]for[C]under[D]against

161.[A]spread[B]interference[C]exclusion[D]influence2.[A]support[B]cry[C]plea[b]wish3.[A]urged[B]intended[C]expected[D]promised4.[A]controlling[B]former[C]remaining[b]original5.[A]slower[B]faster[C]easier[b]tougher6.[A]created[B]produced[C]contributed[b]preferred7.[A]puzzledby[B]hostileto[C]pessimisticabout[b]unpreparedfo

17Theideathatsomegroupsofpeoplemaybemoreintelligentthanothersisoneofthosehypothesesthatdarenotspeakitsname.ButGregoryCochranis1tosayitanyway.Heisthat2_bird,ascientistwhoworksindependently3anyinstitution.Hehelpedpopularizetheideathatsomediseasesnot4thoughttohaveabacterialcausewereactuallyinfections,whicharousedmuchcontroversywhenitwasfirstsuggested.5he,however,mighttrembleatthe6ofwhatheisabouttodo.Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly7thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplainstheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.Thegroupin8_reaparticularpeopleoriginatedfromcentralEurope.Theprocessisnaturalselection.ThisgroupgenerallydowellinIQtest,9_2-15pointsabovethe10valueof100,andhavecontributed11totheintellectualandculturallifeoftheWest,asthe12oftheirelites,includingseveralworld-renownedscientists卫heyalsosuffermoreoftenthanmostpeoplefromanumberofnastygeneticdiseases,suchasbreastcancer.Thesefacts,14avepreviouslybeenthoughtunrelated.Theformerhasbeen15socialeffects,suchasastrongtraditionof16ucation.Thelatterwasseenasa(an)17geneticisolation.br.Cochransuggeststhattheintelligenceanddiseasesareintimately坦Jsargumentisthattheunusualhistoryofthesepeoplehas19emtouniqueevolutionarypressuresthathaveresultedinthis20ateofaffairs.1.[A]selected[B]prepared[C]obliged[b]pleased2.[A]unique[B]particular[C]special[b]rare3.[A]of[B]with[C]in[D]against4.[A]subsequently[B]presently[C]previously[b]lately5.[A]Only[B]So[C]Even[D]Hence6.[A]thought[B]sight[C]cost[b]risk7.[A]advises[B]suggests[C]protests[D]objects8.[A]progress[B]fact[C]need[b]question9.[A]attaining[B]scoring[C]reaching[b]calculating10.[A]normal[B]common[C]mean[b]total11.[A]unconsciously[B]disproportionately[C]indefinitely[b]unaccountably

181.[A]missions[B]fortunes[C]interests[D]careers2.[A]affirm[B]witness[C]observe[b]approve3.[A]moreover[B]therefore[C]however[b]meanwhile4.[A]givenup[B]gotover[C]carriedon[0]putdown5.[A]assessing[B]supervising[C]administering[b]valuing6.[A]development[B]origin[C]consequence[b]instrument7.[A]linked[B]integrated[C]woven[b]combined8.[A]limited[B]subjected[C]converted[D]directed9.[A]paradoxical[B]incompatible[C]inevitable[b]continuous

19Researchonanimalintelligencealwaysmakesmewonderjusthowsmarthumansare.1_thefruit-flyexperimentsdescribedinCarlZimmerspieceintheScienceTimesonTuesday.Fruitflieswhoweretaughttobesmarterthantheaveragefruitfly2_toliveshorterlives.Thissuggeststhat3bulbsburnlonger,thatthereisan4innotbeingtooterrificallybright.Intelligence,it5out,isahigh-pricedoption.Ittakesmoreupkeep,burnsmorefuelandisslow6thestartinglinebecauseitdependsonlearning-agradual7—insteadofinstinct.Plentyofotherspeciesareabletolearn,andoneofthethingstheyveapparentlylearnediswhento8_.Isthereanadaptivevalueto9intelligence?Thafsthequestionbehindthisnewresearch.Ilikeit.Insteadofcastingawistfulglance10atallthespecieswe'veleftinthedustI.Q.-wise,itimplicitlyaskswhatthereal11ofourownintelligencemightbe.Thisis12themindofeveryanimalIveevermet.Researchonanimalintelligencealsomakesmewonderwhatexperimentsanimalswould13onhumansiftheyhadthechance.Everycatwithanowner,14,isrunningasmall-scalestudyinoperantconditioning,webelievethat15_animalsranthelabs,theywouldtestusto16thelimitsofourpatience,ourfaithfulness,ourmemoryforterrain.Theywouldtrytodecidewhatintelligenceinhumansisreally17_,notmerelyhowmuchofitthereis.18,theywouldhopetostudya19_question：Arehumansactuallyawareoftheworldtheylivein?20theresultsareinconclusive.1.[A]Suppose[B]Consider[C]Observe[D]Imagine2.[A]tended[B]feared[C]happened[b]threatened3.[A]thinner[B]stabler[C]lighter[b]dimmer4.[A]tendency[B]advantage[C]inclination[b]priority5.[A]insistson[B]sumsup[C]turnsout[b]putsforward6.[A]off[B]behind[C]over[b]along7.[A]incredible[B]spontaneous[C]inevitable[b]gradual8.[A]fight[B]doubt[C]stop[D]think9.[A]invisible[B]limited[C]indefinite[D]different10.[A]upward[B]forward[C]afterward[b]backward11.[A]features[B]influences[C]results[0]costs12.[A]outside[B]on[C]by[b]across

2013.[A]deliver[B]carry[C]perform[D]apply14.[A]bychance[B]incontrast[C]asusual[D]forinstance15.[A]if网unless[C]as[D]lest16.[A]moderate[B]overcome[C]determine[b]reach17.[A]at[B]for[C]after[D]with18.[A]Aboveall[B]Afterall[C]However[D]Otherwise19.[A]fundamental[B]comprehensive[C]equivalent[b]hostile20.[A]Byaccident[B]Intime[C]Sofar[b]Better

212010年考研英语一完形填空In1924AmericanNationalResearchCouncilsenttoengineerstosuperviseaseriesofindustrialexperimentsatalargetelephone-partsfactorycalledtheHawthorePlantnearChicago.lthopedtheywouldlearnhowstop-floonlignting1workersproductivity.Instead,thestudiesended_2givingtheirnametothe''Hawthorneeffect",theextremelyinfluentialideathatthevery3tobeingexperimenteduponchangedsubjects'behavior.Theideaarosebecauseofthe4behaviorofthewomenintheHawthornepbnt.Accordingto_5oftheexperments,theirhourlyoutputrosewhenlightingwasincreased,butalsowhenitwasdimmed.Itdidnot_6whatwasdoneintheexperiment;7_somethingwaschanged.productivityrose.A(n)8thattheywerebeingexperimenteduponseemedtobe9toalterworkers*behavior10itself.Afterseveraldecades,thesamedatawere__11_toeconometrictheanalysis.TheHawthorneexperimentshaveanothersurpriseinstore：_12_thedescriptionsonrecord,nosystematic_13-wasfoundthatlevelsofreproductivitywererelatedtochangesinlighting.Itturnsoutthatparticularwayofconductingtheexperimentsmayhaveledto_14_interpretationofwhathapped._15,lightingwasalwayschangedonaSunday.WhenworkstartedagainonMonday,output_16rosecomparedwiththepreviousSaturdayand_17_toriseforthenextcoupleofdays._18_acomparisonwithdataforweekswhentherewasnoexperimentationshowedthatoutputalwayswentuponMonday.Workers19tobediligentforthefirstfewdaysoftheweekingweekinanycase,before_20_aplateauandthenslackeningoff.Thissuggeststhatthealleged''Hawthorneeffect"ishardtopindown.1.[A]affected[B]achieved[C]extracted[b]restored2.[A]at[B]up[C]with[D]off3.[A]truth[B]sight[C]act[b]proof4.[A]controversial[B]perplexing©mischievous[b]ambiguous5.[A]requirements[B]explanations[C]accounts[b]assessments6.[A]conclude[B]matter[C]indicate[b]work7.[A]asfaras[B]forfearthat[C]incasethat[b]solongso

229.[A]suitable[B]excessive[C]enough[D]abundant10.[A]about[B]for[C]on[b]by11.[A]compared[B]shown[C]subjected[b]conveyed12.[A]contraryto[B]consistentwith[C]parallelwith[D]pealliarto13.[A]evidence[B]guidance[^implication[b]source14.[A]disputable[B]enlightening[C]reliable[b]misleading15.[A]Incontrast[B]Forexample[C]Inconsequence[D]Asusual16.[A]duly[B]accidentally[C]unpredictably[D]suddenly17.[A]failed[B]ceased[C]started[D]continued20.[A]breaking[B]climbing[C]surpassing[D]hitting

232010年考研英语二完型填空TheoutbreakofswinefluthatwasfirstdetectedinMexicowasdeclaredaglobalepidemiconJunellz2009.Itisthefirstworldwideepidemic」,bytheWorldHealthOrganizationin41years.Theheightenedalert_2_anemergencymeetingwithfluexpertsinGenevathatconvenedafterasharpriseincasesinAustralia,andrising_3_inBritain,Japan,Chileandelsewhere.Buttheepidemicis"_4_"inseverity,accordingtoMargaretChan,theorganization'sdirectorgeneral,_5_theoverwhelmingmajorityofpatientsexperiencingonlymildsymptomsandafullrecovery,ofteninthe_6_ofanymedicaltreatment.Theoutbreakcametoglobal_7_inlateApril2009,whenMexicanauthoritiesnoticedanunusuallylargenumberofhospitalizationsanddeaths_8_healthyadults.AsmuchofMexicoCityshutdownattheheightofapanic,casesbeganto_9_inNewYorkCity,thesouthwesternUnitedStatesandaroundtheworld.IntheUnitedStates,newcasesseemedtofade_10_warmerweatherarrived.ButinlateSeptember2009,officialsreportedtherewas_11_fluactivityinalmosteverystateandthatvirtuallyallthe_12__testedarethenewswineflu,alsoknownas(A)H1N1,notseasonalflu.IntheU.S.,ithas_13_morethanonemillionpeople,andcausedmorethan600deathsandmorethan6z000hospitalizations.Federalhealthofficials_14_Tamifluforchildrenfromthenationalstockpileandbegan_15_ordersfromthestatesforthenewswinefluvaccine.Thenewvaccine,whichisdifferentfromtheannualfluvaccine,is_16_aheadofexpectations.MorethanthreemilliondosesweretobemadeavailableinearlyOctober2009,thoughmostofthose_17_doseswereoftheFluMistnasalspraytype,whichisnot_18_forpregnantwomen,peopleover50orthosewithbreathingdifficulties,heartdiseaseorseveralother_L9_.Butitwasstillpossibletovaccinatepeopleinotherhigh-riskgroup：healthcareworkers,people_20_infantsandhealthyyoungpeople.1[A]criticized[B]appointed[C]commented[b]designated2[A]proceeded[B]activated[C]followed[b]prompted3[A]digits[B]numbers[C]amounts[b]sums4[A]moderate[B]normal[C]unusual[b]extreme

245[A]with[B]in[C]from[b]by

256[A]progress[B]absence[C]presence[b]favor7[A]reality[B]phenomenon[C]concept[b]notice8.[A]over[B]for[C]among[b]to9[A]stayup[B]cropup[C]fillup[D]coverup10[A]as[B]if[C]unless[D]until11[A]excessive[B]enormous[C]significant[b]magnificent12[A]categories[B]examples[C]patterns[b]samples13[A]imparted[B]immerse[C]injected[D]infected14[A]released[B]relayed[C]relieved[b]remained15[A]placing[B]delivering[C]taking[b]giving16[A]feasible[B]available[C]reliable[b]applicable17[A]prevalent[B]principal[C]innovative[b]initial18[A]presented[B]restricted[C]recommended1[D]introduced19[A]problems[B]issues[C]agonies[D]sufferings20[A]involvedin[B]caringfor[C]concernedwith[b]wardingoffSection

262011年考研英语一完形填空AncientGreekphilosopherAristotleviewedlaughteraswabodilyexerciseprecioustohealth//But-1someclaimstothecontrary,laughingprobablyhaslittleinfluenceonphysicalfitnessLaughterdoes2short-termchangesinthefunctionoftheheartanditsbloodvessels,3heartrateandoxygenconsumptionButbecausehardlaughterisdifficultto4,agoodlaughisunlikelytohave5benefitstheway,say,walkingorjoggingdoes.6insteadofstrainingmusclestobuildthem,asexercisedoes,laughterapparentlyaccomplishesthe_7_,studieselatingbacktothe1930*sindicatethatlaughter_8muscles,decreasingmuscletoneforupto45minutesafterthelaughdiesdown.Suchbodilyreactionmightconceivablyhelp_9theeffectsofpsychologicalstress.Anyway,theactoflaughingprobablydoesproduceothertypesof10feedback,thatimproveanindividual'semotionalstate._11oneclassicaltheoryofemotion,ourfeelingsarepartiallyrooted12physicalreactions.Itwasarguedattheendofthe19thcenturythathumansdonotcry13theyaresadbuttheybecomesadwhenthetearsbegintoflow.Althoughsadnessalso14tears,evidencesuggeststhatemotionscanflow_15muscularresponses.Inanexperimentpublishedin1988,socialpsychologistFritzStrackoftheUniversityofwiirzburginGermanyaskedvolunteersto_16apeneitherwiththeirteeth-therebycreatinganartificialsmile-orwiththeirlips,whichwouldproducea(n)17expression.Thoseforcedtoexercisetheirenthusiasticallytofunnycatoonsthandidthosewhosemonthswerecontractedinafrown,19thatexpressionsmayinfluenceemotionsratherthanjusttheotherwayaround_20_,thephysicalactoflaughtercouldimprovemood.1.[A]among[B]except[C]despite[D]like2.[A]reflect[B]demand[C]indicate[b]produce3.[A]stabilizing[B]boosting[C]impairing[b]determining4.[A]transmit[B]sustain[C]evaluate[b]observe5.[A]measurable[B]manageable[C]affordable[D]renewable6.[A]Inturn[B]Infact[C]Inaddition[D]Inbrief7.[A]opposite[B]impossible[C]average[b]expected8.[A]hardens[B]weakens[C]tightens[D]relaxes9.[A]aggravate[BJgenerate[C]moderate[D]enhance

2710.[A]physical[B]mental[C]subconscious[D]internal11.[A]Exceptfor[B]Accordingto[C]Dueto[D]Asfor12.[A]with[B]on[C]in[D]at13.[A]unless[B]until[C]if[b]because14.[A]exhausts[B]follows[C]precedes[D]s叩presses15.[A]into[B]from[C]towards[b]beyond16.[A]fetch[B]bite[C]pick[b]hold17.[A]disappointed[B]excited[C]joyful[D]indifferent18.[A[adapted[B]catered[C]turned[b]reacted19.[A]suggesting[B]requiring©mentioning[b]supposing20.[A]Eventually[B]Consequently[C]Similarly[b]Conversely

282011年考研英语二完型填空TheInternetaffordsanonymitytoitsusers,ablessingtoprivacyandfreedomofspeech.Butthatveryanonymityisalsobehindtheexplosionofcyber-crimethathas_1_acrosstheWeb.Canprivacybepreserved2bringingsafetyandsecuritytoaworldthatseemsincreasingly3?Lastmonth,HowardSchmidt,thenation'scyber-czar,offeredthefederalgovernmenta4tomaketheWebasaferplace-a''voluntarytrustedidentity0systemthatwouldbethehigh-tech5ofaphysicalkey,afingerprintandaphotolbcard,allrolled6one.Thesystemmightuseasmartidentitycard,oradigitalcredential7toaspecificcomputer.andwouldauthenticateusersatarangeofonlineservices.Theideaisto8qfederationofprivateonlineidentitysystems.Usercould9whichsystemtojoin,andonlyregistereduserswhoseidentitieshavebeenauthenticatedcouldnavigatethosesystems.TheapproachcontrastswithonethatwouldrequireanInternetdriverslicense10bythegovernment.GoogleandMicrosoftareamongcompaniesthatalreadyhavethesewsinglesign-on"systemsthatmakeitpossibleforusersto11justoncebutusemanydifferentservices.12theapproachwouldcreateaMwalledgarden0ncyberspace,withsafewneighborhoodsMandbrightustreetlightsMtoestablishasenseofa13community.Mr.Schmidtdescribeditasa'voluntaryecosystem“inwhich''individualsandorganizationscancompleteonlinetransactionswith14/trustingtheidentitiesofeachotherandtheidentitiesoftheinfrastructure15whichthetransactionruns".Still,theadministrationsplanhas16privacyrightsactivists.Someapplaudtheapproach;othersareconcerned.Itseemsclearthatsuchaschemeisaninitiativepushtowardwhatwould17beacompulsoryInternet"drive'slicense"mentality.Theplanhasalsobeengreetedwith18bysomecomputersecurityexperts,whoworrythatthe,voluntaryecosystem"envisionedbyMr.SchmidtwouldstillleavemuchoftheInternet19.TheyarguethatallInternetusersshouldbe20toregisterandidentifythemselves,inthesamewaythatdriversmustbelicensedtodriveonpublicroads.1.A.sweptB.skippedC.walkedb.riddenB.withinC.whileD.though2.A.for

293.A.carelessB.lawlessC.pointlessb.helpless4.A.reasonB.reminderC.compromiseb.proposal5.A.information^.interferenceC.entertainmentb.equivalent6.A.byB.intoC.fromD.over7.A.linkedB.directedC.chainedD.compared8.A.dismissB.discoverC.createb.improve9.A.recallB.suggestC.selectb.realize10.A.releasedB.issuedC.distributedb.delivered11.A.carryonB.lingeronC.setinD.login12.A.InvainB.IneffectC.Inreturnb.Incontrast13.A.trustedB.modernizedC.thrivingb.competing14.A.cautionB.delightC.confidenceD.patience15.A.onB.afterC.beyondb.across16.A.dividedB.disappointedC.protectedb.united17.A.frequentlyB.incidentallyC.occasionallyb.eventually18.A.skepticismB.toleranceC.indifferenceb.enthusiasm19.A.manageableB.defendableC.vulnerableb.invisible20.A.invitedB.appointedC.allowed0.forced

302012年考研英语一完形填空TheethicaljudgmentsoftheSupremeCourtjusticesbecameanimportantissuerecently.Thecourtcannot1itslegitimacyasguardianoftheruleoflaw2justicesbehavelikepoliticians.Yet,inseveralinstances,justicesactedinwaysthat_3thecourt'sreputationforbeingindependentandimpartial.JusticesAntoninScaliaandSamuelAlitoJr.,forexample,appearedatpoliticalevents.Thatkindofactivitymakesitlesslikelythatthecourt'sdecisionswillbe4_asimpartialjudgments.Partoftheproblemisthatthejusticesarenot5—byanethicscode.Attheveryleast,thecourtshouldmakeitself6tothecodeofconductthat_7totherestofthefederaljudiciary.Thisandothercases8thequestionofwhetherthereisstilla9_betweenthecourtandpolitics.TheframersoftheConstitutionenvisionedlaw_10_havingauthorityapartfrompolitics.Theygavejusticespermanentpositions11theywouldbefreeto12thoseinpowerandhavenoneedto_13politicalsupport.Ourlegalsystemwasdesignedtosetlawapartfrompoliticspreciselybecausetheyaresoclosely_14.Constitutionallawispoliticalbecauseitresultsfromchoicesrootedinfundamentalsocial15likelibertyandproperty.Whenthecourtdealswithsocialpolicydecisions,thelawit_16isinescapablypolitical-whichiswhydecisionssplitalongideologicallinesaresoeasily17_asunjust.Thejusticesmust_18doubtsaboutthecourt'slegitimacybymakingthemselves19tothecodeofconduct.Thatwouldmaketheirrulingsmorelikelytobeseenasseparatefrompoliticsand,_20,convincingaslaw.1.[A]emphasize[B]maintain[C]modify[b]recognize2.[A]when[B]best[C]before[b]unless3.[A]restored[B]weakened[C]established[b]eliminated4.[A]challenged[B]compromised[C]suspected[D]accepted5.[A]advanced[B]caught[C]bound[D]founded6.[A]resistant[B]subject[C]immune[D]prone

318.[A]evade[B]raise[C]deny[D]settle9.[A]line[B]barrier[C]similarity[b]conflict10.[A]by[B]as[C]through[D]towards11.[A]so[B]since[C]provided[D]though12.[A]serve[B]satisfy[C]upset[b]replace13.[A]confirm[B]express[C]cultivate[b]offer14.[A]guarded[B]followed[C]studied[D]tied15.[A]concepts[B]theories[C]divisions[b]convenience16.[A]excludes[B]questions[C]shapes[b]controls17.[A]dismissed[B]released[C]ranked[D]distorted18.[A]suppress[B]exploit[C]address[D]ignore19.[A]accessible[B]amiable[C]agreeable[b]accountable20.[A]byallmeans[B]atallcosts[C]inaword[D]asaresult

322012年考研英语二完形填空MillionsofAmericansandforeignersseeGl.Joeasamindlesswartoy,thesymbolofAmericanmilitaryadventurism,butthat'snothowitusedtobe.Tothemenandwomenwho1inWorldWarIIandthepeopletheyliberatedztheGl.wasthe2mangrownintoheroJhepoolfarmkidtornawayfromhishome,theguywho3oiltheburdensofbattlezwhosleptincoldfoxholes,whowentwithoutthe4offoodandshelterzwhostuckitoutanddrovebacktheNazireignofmurder.thiswasnotavolunteersoldier,notsomeonewellpaid,5anaverageguy，叩6thebesttrainedRestequippedfiercestzmostbrutalenemiesseenincenturies.Hisnameisnotmuch.GLisjustamilitaryabbreviation7GovernmentIssue,anditwasonallofthearticle8tosoldiers.AndJoe?Acommonnameforaguywhonever9ittothetop.JoeBlowJoeMagrac...aworkingclassname.TheUnitedStateshas10hadapresidentorvicepresidentorsecretaryofstateJoe.GI.joehada11careerfightingGermanJapanese,andKoreantroops.Heappersasacharacter,ora12ofamericanpersonalities,inthe1945movieTheStoryofGT.Joe,basedonthelastdaysofwarcorrespondentErniePyle.SomeofthesoldiersPyle13portraydethemselvesinthefilm.Pylewasfamousforcoveringthe14sideofthewarl,writingaboutthedirt-snow-and-mudsoldiers,nothowmanymileswere15orwhattownswerecapturedorliberated,Hisreports16thewwillieMcartoonsoffamedStarsandStripesartistBillMaulden.Bothmen17thedirtandexhaustionofwar,the18ofcivilizationthatthesoldierssharedwitheachotherandthecivilians：coffee,tobacco,whiskey,shelter,sleep.19Egypt,France,andadozenmorecountries,G.I.JoewasanyAmericansoldier,20themostimportantpersonintheirlives.1.[A]performed[B]served[C]rebelled[b]betrayed2.[A]actual[B]common[C]special[b]normal3.[A]bore[BJcased[C]removed[b]loaded4.[A]necessities[B]facilitice[C]commodities[D]properties5.[A]and[B]nor[C]but[b]hence6.[A]for[B]into[C]form[b]against7.网meaning[B]implying[C]symbolizing[b]claiming8.[A]handedout[B]turnover[C]broughtback[b]passeddown9.[A]pushed网got[C]made[b]managed

33[C]fromtheoutset[b]neither[bjdistinguished[b]colony[b]questioned[b]human[D]gained[b]contradicted[DJadmired[b]advance[D]Beyond[D]atthatpoint10.[A]everll.[A]disguised12.[A]company13.[A]employed14.[A]ethical15.[A]ruined16.[A[paralleled17.[A]neglected18.[A]stages19.[A]With、20.[A]onthecontrary[B]never[B]disturbed[B]collection[B]appointed[BJmilitary[B]commuted网counteracted[BJavoided[B]illusions[B]To[B]bythismeans[C]either[C]disputed[C]community[C]interviewed[C]political[C]patrolled[C]duplicated[C]emphasized©fragments[C]Among