考研完型笔记

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第一部分大红花词：however,...while,although小红花词：suchas,particular,subject,available,tendto,turnout97.48Thephenomenonprovidesawayforcompaniestoremaingloballycompetitive48avoidingmarketcyclesandthegrowingburdens49byemploymentrules,healthcarecostsandpensionplans.48.butwhileandwhereas49.imposedrestrictedillustratedconfined06.14Manyothers,14notaddictedormentallyill,simplylacktheeveryday£5skillsneededtoturntheirlives16.14.whenoncewhilewhereas15.lifeexistencesurvivalmaintenance“简单词代入，通顺就选”“抓主干看搭配”

102.23...thenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic23...meansmethodmediummeasure①对等结构06.17BostonGlobereporterChrisReidynotesthatthesituationwillimproveonlywhenthereare17programsthataddressthemanyneedsofthehomeless.complexcomprehensivecomplementarycompensating04.22-25Theories21ontheindividualsuggestthatchildrenengageincriminalbehavior22theywerenotsufficientlypenalizedforpreviousmisdeedsorthattheyhavelearnedcriminalbehaviorthrough23withothers.Theoriesfocusingontheroleofsocietysuggestthatchildrencommitcrimesin24totheirfailuretoriseabovetheirsocioeconomicstatus,25asarejectionofmiddle-classvalues.

222.beforeunlessuntilbecause23interactionsassimilationcooperationconsultation24.returnreplyreferenceresponse25.orbutratherbutorelse②总分结构Changesinthesocialstructuremayindirectly29juvenilecrimerates.Forexample,changesintheeconomythat30tofewerjobopportunitiesforyouthandrisingunemployment31makegainfulemploymentincreasinglydifficulttoobtain.

329.affectreducecheckreflect③And题02.24Aswasdiscussedbefore,itwasnot22the19thcenturythatthenewspaperbecamethedominantpre-electronic23,followinginthewakeofthepamphletandthebookandinthe24oftheperiodical.22.afterbyduringuntil23.meansmethodmediummeasurecompanylight24.processform08.7Togetherwithanothertwoscientists,heispublishingapaperwhichnotonly7thatonegroupofhumanityismoreintelligentthantheothers,butexplaintheprocessthathasbroughtthisabout.7.advisessuggestsprotestsobjects

4④Not题Alltheseconditionstendtoincreasetheprobabilityofachildcommittingacrimeact,40adirectcausalrelationshiphasnotyetbeenestablished.providedsincealthoughsupposing05.Humansareoftenthoughttobeinsensitivesmellerscomparedwithanimals,]thisislargelybecause,2animals,westandupright.althoughasbutwhile第二部分表逻辑关系的（短语）介词表举例：suchas,forinstance,forexample,like,tobeginwith,some...others...stillothers...表并列：or,and,

5notonly...butalso,either...or（或者，或者），neither...nor（既不，也不），aswellas（不但・・・而且），alongwith（连同起）表递进补充：also,similarly,besides,inadditionto,apartfrom;asidefrom（除-••之外还・・・apartfrom,asidefrom,otherthan（用于不包括的特殊人或事物之前）除-••之外（都）表强调：even,indeed,aboveall,ineffect,infact,inanycase,inparticular表让步：though,while,evenif,nomatter...,admittingthat...still,anyway,afterall（毕竟）,despite,inspiteof（尽管）表转折：insteadof,ratherthan（而不是）,infact,ineffect表比较：

61.对比while,whereas（而，然而），unlike,by/incontrast,onthecontrary,ontheotherhand,bycomparison,comparedwith,2.相彳以like,likewise,similarly,inthesameway,correspondingly表因果：because,since,nowthat,inthat,so/such....that,tosuchadegreethat,given/considering（考虑至U）,becauseof,dueto,owingto,thanksto,onaccountof,inthelightof,inviewof（考虑到，鉴于），asaresult,inconsequence（因此）,thus,hence,then（那么）表条件：if,onlyif,unless,aslongas,onconditionthat（条件是），incaseof,intheeventof（如果发生）表目的：sothat,inorderto,soasto,forfearof（以免）

7表总结：onthewhole（总的看来）,inshort（简而言之）,ingeneral,insummary（总的来说）overall,generally,toputitsimply,弓I出新对象：concerning,withregardto,asfor,asto,intermsof（就・••而论，在・••方面）短语总结:tightencontrols加强控制adraftbill法律草案laydown规定beentitledto有・・・的资格inthewakeo随着；跟着inthecompanyof和…在一起

8speedup（使）加速inperspective正确地intermsof根据；就…而言weighagainst权衡givethoughtto考虑某事accommodateto使适应于，顾忌adjustto适应ahostof大量，许多letdown使失望acquireasenseofcommitment获得责任感themajorcontributinginfluence主要因素

9engagein参加，从事，忙于commitcrimes犯罪besubjecttocriticism受到批评leadto导致inturn反过来说tendto倾向于comparedwith与…比较，与…相比becapableof有能力…exposedto...接触rangefrom...to...在・・,范围变化thebulkof大部分，主要部分

10beaddictedto沉迷于；有瘾turnaround（使）好转careersopentotalent向有才能的人开放职位，以才取人asetof一套arallyingcry战斗口号bepreparedto做好准备去做・・・workindependentlyofanyinstitution不隶属于任何机构atthethoughtof一想到…（就）inquestion考虑之中的，被谈论着的originatefrom来自…，源于…themeanvalueof100

11平均分100分contributedisproportionatelyto作出极大贡献aconsequenceof...•・・的结果resultin导致itturnsoutthat结果是・・・atthecostof以…为代价onthemindofsb某人有••想法runthelabsforwhat为了什么，用途aboveall首先beawareof意识到sofar到目前为止

12endup(with)(以…)结束aslongas只要conductexperimentsperformexperimentsonsb进行试验acomparisonwith...与•••相比hitaplateau达到稳定状态slackenoff松懈pindown确定、证实producesort-termchangesboostheartrate增强心率rootinsth根源于flowfrom从…流出；起因于…，产生于…reactto对…作出反应

13weakenthereputation损害名誉attheveryleast至少applyto适用于raisethequestion引发疑问alinebetweenthecourtandpolitics法律与政治之间的界限envisionsthassth视,,,为befreetodosth自由去做・・・cultivatepoliticalsupport（力求）获得政治支持dismisssthas...把…视作…而不予考虑addressdoubts正视质疑

1402-12年真题选项词汇总结:means方法medium媒介，手段measure措施intheprocessof在•••的过程中inthecompanyof与•••一起inthelightof考虑到intheformof以•••的形式gatherup收集speedup力口速workup逐步发展，引起pickup改善,捡起on继续out不在里面over穿过off离开of属于•••的for为了，因为beyond超出范围into进入inconcept在观念上

15indimension在尺寸上ineffect事实上inperspective正确地，恰当地indeed的确hence因此broughtby由•••带来followedby被…跟随，接着是stimulatedby被•••刺激/激发characterizedby以•••为特征apparent明显的desirable合意的，理想的negative否定的plausible（解释/借口）似乎有道理的institutional公共机构的，团体的universal全体的，普遍的fundamental基本的，根本的instrumental有帮助的，起作用的ability能力,本领capability能力capacity容量，领悟力faculty官能，天赋bymeansof凭借，依靠（某种手段）interms。£就・•・而言，从・••角度withregardto关于

16inlinewith与•••一致context（事物发生的）环境，背景range（变化的）范围scope（处理、研究事物的）范围territory领土regard看待impress给•••留下深刻印象influence对♦••起作用effect使发生，导致competitive竞争性的controversial有争议的distracting分散注意力的irrational不合逻辑的，不理性的above高于，在•••之上upon在•••之上against对比，与•••相反with与•••一起givesbanideaof使某人明白giveanopinionon/about/ofsth对某事发表意见giveadviceon/aboutsth就•••给出建议strengthen力口强

17accommodate顾及stimulate刺激,促使enhance增强，提高nutrition营养leisure空暇，休闲assistance帮助guidance弓|导，指导confidence信心tolerance忍受，容忍claim声称admire赞赏，羡慕ignore忽略surpass优于，超过improper错误的，不适当的risky有风险的fair公平的，合理的wise明智的ineffect实际上asaresult因止匕，结果inasense在某种意义上display展示

18describe描述create仓ll造exchange交换，交流durable持久的excessive过多的surplus剩余的multiple许多的，多种多样的individual个人personnel职员corporation公司consent同意insurance保险业admission获准进入security安全，安全感particularly尤其barely仅仅，几乎不definitely明确地，清楚地rarely不常，很少ifonly要是•••就好了nowthat既然sothat以便，为了evenif即使，虽然letsboff从宽处理某人letsbdown让某人失望

19letsbout使某人摆脱窘境letsbalone不打扰某人onthecontrary相反ontheaverage一般说来，平均而言onthewhole大体上，总的来说ontheotherhand另一方面makefor走向，有助于standfor代表，象征planfor策戈Utakefor把•••当做proficiency精通，熟练efficiency效力，效能acton依据•••行事relyon依靠centeron以•••为中心commenton对••一作出评论interaction互动，交往assimilation同化，融入cooperation合作consultation咨询inreturnfor作为对,•,的回报inreplyto作为对•••的反应inreferenceto关于inresponseto作为对•••的反应，由于highlight使突出discard抛弃immune免疫的，不受影响的

20resistant有抵抗力的sensitive敏感的subject易遭受的affect影响reduce减少check制止，控制reflect反映，显示pointto指向leadto通向，导致cometo达至Uamountto共计达ingeneral通常onaverage平均bycontrast对比起来atlength最后，详细地incase如果，以防万一inshort简言之inturn因而，轮流地，反过来说inessence本质上survive幸存，艰难度过notice注意到

21undertake承担，从事contrarily相反地consequently所以similarly同样地simultaneously同时地heritage遗产assessable可估价的，可评定的identifiable可确认的negligible微不足道的incredible难以置信的expense费用，代价restriction限制,约束allocation分配availability可获得性incidence发生率awareness意识exposure暴露，揭露popularity流行provided如果supposing如果，假设limite限制

22commit承诺dedicated致力于confine把•••限定在miss未察觉，错过track跟踪distinguish区分discover（出乎意料地）发现，了解determine查明，确定detect察觉（细微或不易察觉的东西）dilute使变淡dissolve使溶解disperse使分散diffuse传播，扩散particular特定的unique独一无二的typical典型的，有代表性的sign标志stimuli刺激因素message信息impulse冲动，动力atfirst起初atall根本,一点也（不）atlarge全部attimes有时subject使遭受，使经受draw

23吸引，使感兴趣expose使暴露，使接触ineffective无效果的incompetent不能胜任的inefficient效率低的insufficient不充分的introduce介绍，推行summon召唤某人trigger引发，导致still仍然otherwise除此之外，在其他方面nevertheless尽管如此besureof确信besickof厌烦的beawareof察觉到betiredof疲倦的tolerate容忍repel抵制，不愿接受neglect忽视available可利用的reliable可信赖的identifiable可辨认的suitable合适的similarto类彳以于•••alongwith与•••一起

24asidefrom除•••以外（还）stand忍受cope应付、处理approve赞成retain保持，保留for为得到toward接近，将近（完成某事）raise提高add添加take接受keep保持inflate膨胀expand扩张，扩大increase增加extend延长，延伸predict预测prove证明sustain维持，使持续dismiss不予考虑，摒除（思想）lodging寄宿处shelter收容所

25dwelling住处search搜索stroll散步，闲逛crowd挤满wander流浪，徘徊existence存在，生活方式survival生存maintenance维修，保养turnaround使好转turnover（使）翻转turnon打开（电流，煤气）turnup开大，调高（音量）complex复杂的comprehensive综合的，全面的complementary互补的compensating补偿的put说，表达interpret诠释，解释assume假定，认为makeit获得成功supervision监督，管理manipulation控制J,操控regulation管理coordination协'作，酉己合native当地人inhabitant居民peoples民族，种族individual个人confusedly迷惑地cheerfully兴高采烈地worriedly担忧地

26hopefully满怀希望地attain获得reject拒绝devoted投入的，忠诚的accesstosth使用某物的机会权利successiontosth继承righttosth•••的权力returntosth返回到•••presumably据推测，大概incidentally顺便提及地origin起源impact影响reform改革allow许可，允许preach布道grant同意,授予fund资助，拨款as作为against反对under受•••领导spread扩散，传播interference干涉，干预exclusion排斥，拒绝

27support支持plea请求urge敦促，强烈要求intend打算expect期望promise承诺controlling控制的former以前的remaining现存的，残留的original原来的，最初的tougher更强硬地contribute贡献produce产生prefer偏爱puzzledby为•••迷惑的hostileto对•••抱有敌意的pessimisticabout对•••悲观的unpreparedfor对••未准备好的beselectedtodosth被挑选做某事bepreparedto准备好做某事beobligedtodosth被迫做某事bepleasedtodosth

28乐意做某事subsequently随后presently目前previously以前lately近来atthethoughtof一想至U•••atthesightof一看至U•••atthecostof以…为代价attheriskof冒•••的风险advise建议suggest表明protest抗议object反对inprogress进行中的infact事实上inneed需要帮助的，在穷困中的inquestion讨论中的，考虑中的score得分calculate计算unconsciously无意识地disproportionately不相称地，不成比例地indefinitely不确定地unaccountably难以说明地，莫名其妙地

29mission使命fortune运气，财富interest兴趣，利益career事业，生涯affirm证明witness见证observe观察approve批;准givenupto让给,陷入getover克服，解决carryonto持续到某一程度putdownto归因于assess评估supervise指导，监督administer管理value重视consequence结果instrument工具link联系，连接integrate融合weave编织combine结合，组合limitsbto将某人限定在•一范围内subject

30sbto使某人遭受或经历convertsbto使某人改变、皈依directsbto指引某人到•••paradoxical看似荒谬的incompatible不相容的，不一致的inevitable不可避免的，必然的continuous持续的,连续的suppose假定imagine设想tendtodosth往往会（做某事）feartodosth害怕（做某事）happentodosth碰巧（做某事）threatentodosth威胁要（做某事）thinner更薄的stabler更稳定的lighter更亮的，更轻的dimmer更暗淡的，更愚笨的tendency趋势advantage优势inclination倾向，意愿priority优先权insiston坚持sumup总计turnout结果是putforward提出spontaneous自发的inevitable不可避免的gradual逐渐的

31invisible看不见的，隐形的feature特征cost代价，成本deliver递送，演讲carry传送，携带perform履行，实施apply适用bychance偶然incontrast与•••相反asusual照旧moderate缓和overcome克月艮reach达到aboveall首先，尤其是afterall毕竟otherwise否则fundamental根本的comprehensive综合的equivalent相等的hostile敌对的byaccident偶然intime最终sofar迄今为止betterstill更好affect影响achieve完成

32extract提取，获取restore恢复endat在某时刻结束endup最终处于（意料之外的境况）,以•一告终endwith以•••结束endoff结束controversial有争议的perplexing令人费解的mischievous恶作剧的ambguous模棱两可的requirement要求explanation解释account描述，叙述assessment评估conclde推断matter要紧indicate表明work起作用asfaras至于forfearthat唯恐incasethat以防solongas只要sentiment情绪illusion幻想suitable合适的excessive过度的abundant充裕的byoneself单独地convey传达consistentwith与•••相——致的parallelwith与•••对应的peculiarto特有的evidence证据

33guidance指导implication暗示，可能的影响source来源disputable有争议的enlightening给人启迪的reliable可信的misleading误导的duly适当地accidentally偶然地unpredictably变幻莫测地suddenly突然地failtodo未能做,•,ceasetodo停止做…continuetodo继续做••,attempttodo试图做choosetodo选择做break打破surpass超过hit达至！Jindicate表明，暗示stabilize稳定boost促进，增进impair削弱，feWtransmit传送，传递evaluate评估measurable明显的，重大的

34manageable能处理的affordable便宜的，承担得起的renewable可更新的theopposite相反的结果theimpossible难以实现的结果theaverage平均值theexpected预期结果harden（使）变硬weaken减弱tighten（使）变紧relax（使）放松aggravate恶化，加剧generate造成moderate缓和，减轻enhance加强，提高physical身体的mental精神的subconscious下意识的internal体内的，内心的exhaust耗尽，用光follow接着,在•••之后

35precede先于•••（发生或存在）suppress忍住,抑制flowinto流入•••flowfrom由•一引起flowtowards流向flowbeyond流过,溢出fetch取来bite咬pick用手摘hold（用身体的某个部位）支撑，托住disappointed失望的，沮丧的excited激动的joyful快乐的indifferent漠不关心的adaptto适应caterto迎合turnto求助于reactto（对•••）作出反应mention提及modify修改recognize承认,认可restore恢复

36establish建立eliminate消除,根除challenge表示异议，质疑compromise妥协suspect怀疑accept认可，接受advance推动，促进bind/bound约束，限制Jfound成乂，建乂resistant抵抗•••的sunject服从的immune不受•••影响的prone易于•••的，倾向于•••的resortto诉诸,求诸stickto坚持evade回避deny否决settle处理line边界barrier障碍，妨碍similarity相似,类似conflict冲突,抵触

37serve为•••工作，为…服务satisfy使满意，使满足upset使苦恼，，使心烦意乱replace代替，取代confirm证实cultivate（力求）获得（友谊，支持）beguarded（被）防护，（被）保护betied（被）捆绑，（被）连接concept观念theory理论division差别，分歧convention社会习俗，惯例exclude把••・排除在外question质疑，怀疑shape对•••产生重大影响,决定•••的性质release发布,发行rank把•••分等级,评级distort歪曲suppress镇压，抑制exploit开发，利用address着手处理，解决

38accessible可到达的，可进入的amiable和谐可亲的agreeable符合的，一致的accountable对•••负责的byallmeans千方百计，不惜一切办法atallcosts不惜任何代价，无论如何asaresult结果criticize批评appoint任命comment评论designate指定，认定declare宣布activate启动prompt弓I起proceed继续intheprocessof在•••过程中intheabsenceof无需，没有inthepresenceof在场，存在inthefavorof有利于reality现实phenomenon现象

39notice关注stayup熬夜cropup突然出现fillup充满coverup覆盖enormous巨大的significant显著的，重要的（重要性，严重性）magnificent（外观）宏伟的,壮丽的category种类，范畴example榜样pattern模式sample样本，试样impart告矢口immerse是•••沉浸于inject注射infect传染relay传达，转播relieve减轻，缓解remain保持order订单place放置

40deliver运送feasible可行的applicable合适的prevalent盛行的，普遍的principal主要的innovative仓ll新的initial最初的restrict限制recommend推荐，建议involvein卷入，牵涉carefor照看concernedwith关注wardoff避开sweep蔓延，横扫skip跳过ride搭乘pointless空洞的，无意义的lawless不受法律控制的reminder提醒物compromise妥协，让步proposal建议，提议equivalent对应物，等同的事物

41entertainment娱乐interference干扰rollintoone融为一体，集于一身release发布（消息，新闻），发行（影片）issue发放，颁发（证件），发表（声明）distribute分送（货物）carryon继续，进行lingeron徘徊setin到来，流行login登录（电脑系统）invain徒劳地thriving繁荣的competing竞争的trusted受到信任的withcaution谨慎地withdelight高兴地withconfidence有信心地withpatience耐心地divide分隔，使产生分歧enthusiasm热情skepticism怀疑indifference冷漠defendable可防御的vulnerable易受侵害的serve月艮务，月艮役perform表现rebel反抗betray背叛ease缓和，减轻remove拿走，消除

42load装载bear(bore)承受，忍受necessity生活必需品facility设备，设施commodity商品property贝才产imply暗指symbolize象征，标志handout分发bringback恢复,使•••想起passdown才巴•一传下去disguised伪装的disturbed烦恼不安的disputed有争议的distinguished卓著的，杰出的company（共同工作的）团体community（有共同特征的）团体collection一扑匕，一群colony（聚居的）一群employ雇佣，利用military军事的political政治的human表现人性的

43ethical道德的，伦理的ruin毁坏commute交换，改变patrol巡逻gain赢得parallel与•••相似，比得上counteract抵制，抵消duplicate复制contradict反驳，违背stage阶段，时期illusion幻觉advance进展fragment残缺的片段，碎片fromtheoutset从一开始atthatpoint当时