大学英语六级考试听力理解讲义（文章部分）

《大学英语六级考试听力理解讲义（文章部分）》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。

第一部分听力理解全真试题Test1PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.Example:Youwi11hear:Youwi11read:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheywi11startat9o'clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)115hours"isthecorrectanswer.YoushouldchooseD)ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer(A)(B)(C)4W-1.A)She,sgoingawayforawhile.B)Shedidwel1onthetest.C)SheworkedhardandearnedalotofmoneyD)Shedidn'thavetoworkhardfortheexam.2.A)Susanisafastworker.B)SusandidJack'shomework.C)Susandidn'tdothehomeworkonherown.D)Susanhasnotfinishedherhomework.

11.A)Hereadthecabinetreport.B)Hereadthenewspaper.C)Helistenedtoaradioreport.D)He'ssecretarytelephonedhim.2.A)Hurrytotheconference.B)Skiptheconference.C)Takethesubway.D)Takeabus.3.A)Heisconfident.B)Heisworried.C)Heisbored.D)Heisangry.6.A)Heusedtobeaworkmanhimself.B)Helikestodorepairsandmakethingshimself.C)HeisaprofessionalbuiIder.D)Hepaidworkmentodecoratethehouse.7.A)Thewomandoesnzt1ikejam.B)Thewomanforgotwhereshehadleftthejar.C)Themanhadanaccident.D)Themanbrokethejar.8.A)Opinionsaboutthebookarevaried.B)Themanthinksthebookisexcellent.C)Youshouldn'tbelieveeverythingyouread.D)Thewomanwonderswhichnewspaperthemanisreading.9.A)It'squitenormal.B)Itzstoohigh.C)It'scheapindeed.D)Itcouldbecheaper.10.A)Theadmissionofapatient.B)Diagnosisofani1Iness.C)Theoldman'sseriouscondition.D)Sendingforadoctor.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwi11hearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

26.A)Thecolorofthedog.B)Thepriceofthedog.C)Whetherthedogwi11fittheenvironment.D)Whetherthedogwi11getalongwiththeotherpetsinthehouse.7.A)11mustbetrainedsoitwon'tbite.B)Itneedsmoreloveandcare.C)Itdemandsmorefoodandspace.D)11mustbelookedaftercarefully.8.A)Theyarelesslikelytorunaway.B)It'seasierfortheirmasterstotrainthem.C)Theyarelesslikelytobeshywithhumanbeings.D)It'seasierforthemtoformarelationshipwiththeirmasters.PassageTwoQuestion14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Theyoftengoforwalksataleisurelypace.B)Theyusuallyhaveaspecificpurposeinmind.C)Theyliketheseasidemorethanthecountryside.D)Theyseldomplantheirleisureactivitiesinadvance.10.A)Theirhardworkingspirit.B)Theirpatienceinwaitingfortheatretickets.C)Theirdelightinleisureactivities.D)Theirenthusiasmandforthearts.11.A)ThePolishpeoplecannowspendtheirleisuretimeinvariouswaysB)ThePolishpeoplearefondofwalkingleisurelyinthecountryside.C)ThePolishpeopleenjoypickingwiIdfruitintheirleisuretime.D)ThePolishpeopleliketospendtheirholidaysabroad.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Theywi11bemuchbigger.B)Theywi11havemoreseats.C)Theywi11havethreewheels.D)Theywi11needintelligentdrivers.13.A)11doesn'tneedtoberefueled.B)Itwi11usesolarenergyasfuel.C)Itwi11bedrivenbyelectricalpower.D)11wi11bemoresuitableforlongdistancetravel.14.A)Passengersinthecarmaybeseatedfacingoneanother.B)Thefrontseatswi11faceforwardandthebackseatsbackwardC)SpecialseatswillbedesignedforchiIdren.D)Moreseatswi11beadded.

36.A)Choosetherightroute.B)Refuelthecarregularly.C)Starttheengine.D)TellthecomputerwheretogoTest2PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingleExample:Youwi11hear:1inethroughthecentre.Youwi11read:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheywi11startat9ofclockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)n5hours"isthecorrectanswer.YoushouldchooseD)ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer(A)(B)(C)4W-1.A)Themanwassorrytomissthefootbal1game.B)Themanattendedtheconcert,butdidn't1ikeit.C)Themanwassorrythathedidn,tattendtheconcert.D)Themanismoreinterestedinfootballthaninclassicalmusic.2.A)Studying.B)Singingloudly.C)Listeningtomusic.D)Talkingonthephone.3.A)Shecan'tmakeanycalls.B)Shecan'treceiveanycalls.C)Shecan'trepairthephone.D)Shecandonothingwiththephone.4.A)WhatTomsaidistrue.B)Tomisveryresponsible

4B)Tomisnothumorousata11.C)Tom'swordsarenotreliable.1.A)Howtouseacamera.B)Howtouseakeyboard.C)Howtouseawasher.D)Howtouseataperecorder.6.A)Theyshouldputthemeetingtoanend.B)Shewould1iketodiscussanotheritem.C)Shewantstodiscusstheissueagainlater.D)Theyshouldholdanothermeetingtodiscussthematter.7.A)Hedoesn'tthinktheBrowns'investmentisawisemove.B)HebelievestheBrownshavedoneasensiblething.C)HebelievesitisbetterfortheBrownstoinvestlater.D)Hedoesn'tthinktheBrownsshouldmovetoanotherplace.8.A)Hemaypul1itdownandbuildanewrestaurant.B)Hemayconvertitanduseitasarestaurant.C)Hemaysei1ittotheownerofarestaurant.D)Hemayrentitoutforuseasarestaurant.9.A)Sheisnotinterestedinthecourse.B)Shedoesn'tlikethewaytheprofessorlectures.C)She'shavingahardtimefollowingtheprofessor*slectures.D)She'shavingdifficultywiththeheavyreadingassignments10.A)Heneverkeepshispromises.B)Hehaschangedhismind.C)Heiscrazyaboutparties.D)Heisnotsociable.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshould1istencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Then1istentothepassageagain.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofillintheblanksnumberedfrom$1to$7withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom$8toSIOyouarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Youcaneitheruseexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.PresidentClintonlatertodayjoins(SI)presidentsFord,GarterandBushatnthepresident7ssummitforAmerica7sfuture**(S2)atrecruitingonemi11ionvolunteertutorstoprovideafter-school,weekendandsummerreadinghelpforuptothreemillionchiIdren.Mr.Clintonwi11askCongressthiscomingweekfornearlythree(S3)dollarstofundafive-yearprogramcallednAmericaReads**

5Theprogramwouldfundthe(S4)effortsof20thousandreading(55)anditwouldalsogive(S6)tohelpparentshelpchildrenreadbythethirdgrade,oraboutageeight.DuringhisSaturdayradio(S7),thepresidentexplainedwhytheprogramisimportant:"Weneed'AmericaReads'andweneeditnow.Studiesshowthatifthefourth-gradersfailtoreadwell.(58)But40percentofthemstillcan,treadatabasiclevel."Volunteertutors,whoprovidecommunityserviceinexchangeforcollegefunding,arebeingusedin1iteracyandtutoringprograms.(59)ThepresidentsaysmanyofthePhiladelphiasummit'scorporatesponsorswi11recruittutors(S10)Test3PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.Example:Youwi11hear:Youwi11read:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheywi11startat9ozclockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)H5hours“isthecorrectanswer.YoushouldchooseD,)ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer(A)(B)(C)4W-1.A)Tocancelhistrip.B)Togotobedearly.

6B)Tocatchalaterflight.C)Toaskforawake-upcal1.2.A)Theyhavedifferentopinionsastowhattodonext.B)TheyhavetopayforthehousebyinstalIments.C)Theywi11fixatelephoneinthebathroom.D)Theman*sattitudeismoresensiblethanthewoman*s.3.A)Shewi11savethestampsfortheman'ssister.B)Shewi11nolongergetlettersfromCanada.C)Shecan'tgivethestampstotheman'ssister.D)Shehasgiventhestampstotheman'sroommates.4.A)VisitingtheBrownings.B)Writingapostcard.C)Lookingforapostcard.D)Fil1inginaform.5.A)Themanshouldworkwithsomebodyelse.B)Themanshouldmeethispartner'sneeds.C)Theyshouldcometoacompromise.D)Theyshouldfindabetterlabfortheproject.6.A)Shecan'tfinishherassignment,either.B)Shecan'taffordacomputerrightnow.C)Themancanusehercomputer.D)Themanshouldbuyacomputerrightaway7.A)Thevisitingeconomisthasgivenseverallectures.8.Theguestlecturer,sopinionisdifferentfromDr.Johnson,sC)Dr.Johnsonandtheguestspeakerwereschoolmates.D)Dr.Johnsoninvitedtheeconomisttovisittheircollege8.A)She'sneverwatchedabettergame.B)Footba11isherfavoritepastime.C)Thegamehasbeencanceled.D)Theirteamplayedverybadly.9.A)Themanshouldsticktowhathe'sdoing.B)Themanshouldtakeupanewhobby.C)Themanshouldstopplayingtennis.D)Themanshouldfindthecauseforhisfailure.10.A)Aninventedstory.B)Area1lifeexperience.C)Animaginarysituation.D)Aterriblenightmare.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,

7youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.8.A)ThenameofaGermantown.B)AresidentofFrankfurt.C)AkindofGermansausage.D)AkindofGermanbread.9.A)Hesoldfastfood.B)Heraiseddogs.C)Hewasacook.D)Hewasacartoonist.10.A)BecausetheAmericansfoundtheywerefromGermany.B)Becausepeoplethoughttheycontaineddogmeat.C)Becausepeoplehadtogetusedtotheirtaste.D)Becauseitwastoohottoeatrightaway.PassageTwoQuestion14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Theygiveoutfaintcries.B)Theymakenoisestodriveawayinsects.C)Theyextendtheirwaterpipes.D)Theybecomeelasticlikerubberbands.12.A)Quietplants.B)Wei1-wateredplants.C)Healthyplants.D)Thirstyplants.13.A)Theycoulddrivetheinsectsaway.B)Theycouldkeeptheplantswell-watered.C)Theycouldmaketheplantsgrowfaster.D)Theycouldbuilddevicestotrapinsects.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Tolookforadifferentlifestyle.B)Toenjoythemselves.C)Foradventure.D)Foreducation.15.A)Thereare200vehiclesforeverykilometerofroadway.B)Ithasadensepopulation.

8B)Therearemanymuseumsandpalaces.C)IthasmanytoweringbuiIdings.8.A)Itisacityofcontrasts.B)Itpossessesmanyhistoricalsites.C)Itisanimportantindustrialcenter.D)Ithasmanybigandbeautifulparks.9.A)Ithelpsdevelopourpersonalities.B)Itenablesustoacquirefirst-handknowledge.C)Itmakesourlifemoreinteresting.D)Itbringsaboutchangesinourlifestyle.Test4PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.Example:Youwi11hear:Youwi11read:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheywi11startat9ozclockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)"5hours"isthecorrectanswer.YoushouldchooseD)ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer(A)(B)(C)1.A)Buysometraveller7schecks.B)Borrowsomemoneyfromafriend.C)Checkthebrakesandtires.D)Spendsometimetravelling.2.A)Heisveryforgivingandtolerant.B)Heprobablyhasapoormemory.C)Heiswel1likedbyhiscustomers.D)Hehasbeenintroducedtothestaff.3.A)Hethinksthebookshouldincludemoreinformation

9B)Hedoesn'tthinkitnecessarytoprovidetheanswers.C)Theanswerswi11beaddedinalateredition.D)Thebookdoesincludetheanswers.1.A)Announceappealsforpublicservice.B)Holdacharityconcerttoraisemoney.C)AsktheschoolradiostationforhelpD)Poolmoneytofundtheradiostation.2.A)Shetalkedwiththeconsultantaboutthenewprogramuntiltwo.B)Shecouldn'ttalktotheconsultantbeforetwo.C)Shewouldtalktotheconsultantduringlunch.D)Shecouldn,tcontacttheconsultant7ssecretary.6.A)Theyareequallycompetentforthejob.B)Theybothgraduatedfromartschools.C)Theymajoredindifferentareasofart.D)Theyarebothwi11ingtodrawtheposters.7.A)Atabookstore.B)Atanartmuseum.C)Atanewspaperoffice.D)Atagymnasium.

106.A)ThewomanreceivedaphonecallfromMarkyesterday.B)ThemaninjuredMarkinatrafficaccidentyesterday.C)Themanmetafriendbychance.D)ThewomancontactedMarkonbusiness.7.A)Themanshouldstayupandwatchtheprogram.B)Themanshouldreadsomethingexcitinginstead.C)Themanshouldgotobedateleven.D)Themanshouldgiveupwatchingthemovie.8.A)Studentswithalibrarycardcancheckanybookout.B)Onlystudentswitha1ibrarycardcancheckoutreferencebooksC)Referencebooksarenota1lowedtobecheckedout.D)Thenumberofbooksastudentcancheckoutisuniimited.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwi11hearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedon11.A)TofindoutwhethertheyB)Tofindoutwhethertheycanpassageyouhavejustheard.takemusiclessonsintheirsparetime.namefourdifferentmusica1instruments.C)TofindoutwhethertheyenjoyplayingmusicalinstrumentsinD)Tofindoutwhethertheydifferintheirpreferenceformusicalschool.instruments12.B)A)Theyfindthemtoohardtoplay.Theythinkitsillytoplaythem.C)D)TheyfinditnotTheyconsideritcha1lengingenoughtoplaythem,importanttobedifferentfromgirls.13.A)ChildrenwhoB)Childrenwhoarehaveprivatemusictutors.8orolder.D)ChiIdrenwhoarebetween5and7.Childrenwhoarewell-educated.PassageTwoQuestion14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.then.14.A)Becausethereweren'tanyprofessionalteamsintheU.S.B)BecausePelehadn'tretiredfromtheBrazilianNationalTeamyet.C)Becausethisfast-movingsportwasn'tfami1iartomanyAmericans.

11B)Becausegoodprofessionalplayersreceivedlowsalaries14.A)Whenithasalargenumberoffans.B)Whenitplaysathome.C)Whenithasmanyinternationalstarsplayingforit.D)Whenthefanscheerenthusiasticallyforit.15.A)Itwasn'tamongthetopfourteams.B)Itdidn'tplayaswellasexpected.C)ItwontheWorldCup.D)Itplacedfourth.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.A)StudentsfromAmerica.B)StudentsfromEngland.D)18.B)C)D)19.StudentsfromStudentsfromA)ThoseThosewhoThosewhoThosewhowhogetareAustralia.Japan.knowhowtospecialaidprogramcomputers.fromtheirteachers.veryhardworking.havewel1-educatedparents.A)JapanesestudentsstudymuchharderthanColumbianstudents.B)ColumbianstudentsscorehigherthanJapanesestudentsinmaths.C)Columbianstudentsaremoreoptimisticabouttheirmathsski1Is.D)Japanesestudentshavebetterconditionsforstudy.20.A)Physics.B)Mathematics.C)Environmentalscience.D)Lifescience.Test5PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.Example:Youwi11hear:Youwi11read:

12A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheywi11startat9o"clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)"5hours1*isthecorrectanswer.YoushouldchooseD)ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer(A)(B)(C)4W-1.A)Themanthinkstravel1ingbyairisquitesafe.B)Thewomannevertravelsbyplane.C)Bothspeakersfeelnervouswhenflying.D)Thespeakersfeelsadabouttheseriouslossoflife.2.A)Attheinformationdesk.B)Inanoffice.C)Inarestaurant.D)AtaraiIwaystation.3.A)Writetheletter.B)Painttheshelf.C)Fixtheshelf.D)Lookforthepen.4.A)Itgivesa30%discounttoallcustomers.B)ItisrunbyMrs.Winter,shusband.C)IthiresMrs.Winterasanadviser.D)Itencourageshusbandstoshopontheirown.5.A)Longexposuretothesun.B)Lackofsleep.C)Tootightahat.D)Longworkinghours.6.A)HisEnglishisstillpooraftertenyearsinAmerica.B)Hedoesn'tmindspeakingEnglishwithanaccent.C)Hedoesn'tlikethewayAmericansspeak.D)HespeaksEnglishasifhewereanativespeaker.7.A)Anautomechanic.B)Anelectrician.C)Acarpenter.D)Atelephonerepairman.8.A)Theybothenjoyedwatchingthegame.

13B)ThemanthoughttheresultswerebeyondtheirexpectationsC)Theybothfeltgoodabouttheresultsofthegame.D)Peopleweresurprisedattheirwinningthegame.6.A)Managerandemployee.B)Salesmanadcustomer.C)Guideandtourist.D)Professorandstudent.7.A)TomhasarrangedasurprisepartyforLucy.B)Tomwi11keepthesurprisepartyasasecret.C)TomandLucyhavenosecretsfromeachother.D)Tomdidn'tmakeanypromisetoLucy.SectionBCompoundDictationThehumanbodyisaremarkablefoodprocessor.Asanadult,youmayconsume(SI)atonoffoodperyearandstillnotgainorloseapoundofbodyweight.Youare(S2)harnessingandconsumingenergythroughtheintricate(S3)ofyourbodyinordertoremaininenergybalance.To(S4)agivenbodyweight,yourenergyinputmustbalanceyourenergyoutput.However,sometimesthe(S5)energybalanceisupset,andyour(S6)bodyweightwi11eitherfallor(S7)Thetermbodyimagereferstothementalimagewehaveofourownphysicalappearance,and(S8)Researchhasrevealedthatabout40percentofadultmenand55percentofadultwomenaredissatisfiedwiththeircurrentbodyweight.(59)Atthecollegelevel,astudyfoundthat85percentofbothmaleandfemalefirst-yearstudentsdesiredtochangetheirbodyweight.(S10)Thinnessiscurrentlyanattributethatfemalesdesirehighly.Malesgenerallydesiremuscularity.Thevastmajorityofindividualswhowanttochangetheirbodyweightdoitforthesakeofappearance;mostwanttoloseexcessbodyfatwhileasmallerpercentageofindividualsactuallywanttogainweight.Test6PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthe

14questionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.Example:Youwi11hear:Youwillread:hours.3hours.hours.hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheywi11startat9o'clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)"5hours"isthecorrectanswer.YoushouldchooseD)ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer(A)(B)(C)4K-1.A)Hewi11tel1Maryhowtooperatethedishwasher.B)Hewi11washthedisheshimselfinstead.C)Hewi11helpBi11totranslatethemanua1D)Hehimselfwi11operatethedishwasher.2.A)Loseweight.B)Quitsmoking.C)Weighhimselffrequently.D)Haveatalkwiththedoctor.3.A)Thewomanshouldhavecomplainedtoherneighbor.B)ThewomanshouldstayoutuntiltheneighborsarequietC)Thewomanshouldhavestayedatthelibrary.D)Thelabwi11beabetterplaceforreading.4.A)Checkthefigureslatertoday.

15B)Dothecalculationsagaintomorrow.C)Bringacalculatortomorrow.D)Calculatethenumberrightnow.1.A)Shedoesn'tremembermuchaboutthecity.B)She'sneverbeentothecity.C)Shewouldfindsomeoneelsetohelp.D)Shewouldtalktothemanlater.6.A)Shethinksthemanshouldhavehelpedearlier.B)Shedoesn5tneedtheman'shelp.C)Shedoesn,tknowtheboxesareheavy.D)Shewantsthemantohelpwiththeboxes.7.A)Sheletthemanuseherbooksfortheweekend.B)Shebroughtthebooksthemanaskedfor.C)Sheborrowedthebooksfromtheman.D)Sheofferedtohelptheman.8.A)She'd1iketohavethewindowsopen.B)Shelikestohavetheairconditioneron.C)Theairisheavilypolluted.D)Thewindowsarealreadyopen.9.A)He'sgoingtovisitaphotostudio.B)He'sjusthadhispicturetaken.C)He'sonthewaytothetheater.D)Hezsjustreturnedfromajobinterview.10.A)Atagasstation.B)Inapark.C)Inanemergencyroom.D)Atagarage.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwi11hearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Onesixthofthemareseriouslypolluted.B)Onethirdofthemareseriouslypolluted.C)Haftofthemareseriouslypolluted.D)Mostofthemareseriouslypolluted.12.A)Therewasnogarbagelefttocleanup.

16B)Therewasmoregarbagethanbeforeandtheyhadtoworkharder.C)Theriverhadbecomesocleanthatalotofwater-birdscameback.D)Theriverwasmuchcleanerandtheyhadtosearchforgarbage.7.A)MostofthemwouldbeindifferentandkeeponthrowinggarbageintotheriverB)Theywouldjointhestudentsinchangingthesituation.C)Theywouldbecomemoreawareofthepollutionproblem.D)Theywouldthinktwicebeforetheywentswimmingorfishingintheriver.PassageTwoQuestions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.8.A)Whypeopleholdbacktheirtears.B)Whypeoplecry.C)Howtorestrainone'stears.D)Howtearsareproduced.9.A)Whatchemicalstearsarecomposedof.B)Whethercryingreallyhelpsusfeelbetter.C)Whysomepeopletendtocrymoreoftenthanothers.D)Howtearshelppeoplecopewithemotiona1problems.10.A)Onlyoneoutoffourgiftscrieslessoftenthanboys.B)Offourboys,onlyonecriesveryoften.C)Girlscryfourtimesasoftenasboys.D)Onlyoneoutoffourbabiesdoesn'tcryoften.11.A)Onlyhumansrespondtoemotionsbysheddingtears.B)Onlyhumansshedtearstogetridofirritatingstuffintheireyes.C)Onlyhumantearscanresisttheinvadingbacteria.D)Onlyhumantearscandischargecertainchemicals.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Theymakedecisionsbytossingcoins.B)Theyarenotphysicallyseparated.C)Theythinkexactlythesameway.D)Theysharemostoftheirvitalorgans.13.A)Fewofthemcanlivelong.B)Fewofthemgetalongwel1witheachother.C)Mostofthem1iveanormallife.D)Mostofthemdifferintheir1ikesanddislikes.14.A)Theygotoaregularschool.B)Theyattendaspecialschool,

17C)TheyD)Theyaretaughtbytheirparentshaveaprivatetutor.Test7(20minutes)PartIListeningComprehensionSectionDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwi11bespokenonlyonceAftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronthethroughthecentre.D),anddecidewhichisthebestAnswerSheetwithasingle1ineExample:Youwi11hear:Youwi11read:A)hours.B)hours.hours.D)hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheywi11startat9ozclockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)n5hoursHisthecorrectanswer.YoushouldchooseD)ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer(A)(B)(C)1.B)A)Allthepassengerswereki1led.Theplanecrashedinthenight.Nomoresurvivorshavebeenfound.D)It'stoolatetosearchforsurvivors.2.B)A)Itsresultswerejustasexpected.Itwasn'tverywelldesigned.D)ItfullyreflectedtheItsresultsfel1short3.B)A)HebelievesdancingHedefinitelydoesnotstudents7abi1ity.ofherexpectationsisenjoyable.1ikedancing.B)Headmiresthosewhodance.

18B)Hewon'tdanceunti1hehasdonehiswork.4.A)Hiscomputerdoesn'tworkwell.B)Heisn'tgettingalongwithhisstaff.C)Hedidnztregisterforapropercourse.D)Hecan71applythetheorytohisprogram.5.A)Readingonthecampuslawn.B)Depositingmoneyinthebank.C)Applyingforfinancialaid.D)Reviewingastudent7sapplication.6.A)Anewshuttlebus.B)Ascheduledspaceflight.C)Anairplaneflight.D)Thefirstspaceflight.7.A)Thedeadlineisdrawingnear.B)Shecan'tmeetthedeadline.C)Sheturnedintheproposalstoday.D)Theyaretwodaysaheadoftime.8.A)Bygoingonadiet.B)Byhavingfewermeals.C)Bydoingphysicalexercise.D)Byeatingfruitandvegetables.9.A)Heenjoyeditasawhole.B)Hedidn'tthinkmuchofit.C)Hedidn'tlikeitatall.D)He1ikedsomepartsofit.10.A)Itlooksquitenew.B)Itneedstoberepaired.C)Itlooksold,butitrunswell.D)Itsengineneedstobepainted.SectionBPassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Experienceinnegotiating.B)Ahighlevelofintel1igence.C)Thetimetheyspendonpreparation.D)Theamountofpaytheyreceive.12.A)Studythecasecarefullybeforehand.B)Sticktoasettarget.C)Appearfriendlytotheotherparty.

19B)Trytobeflexibleabouttheirterms.4.A)Makesurethereisnomisunderstanding.B)Trytopersuadebygivingvariousreasons.C)Repeatthesamereasons.D)ListencarefullyandpatientlytotheotherpartyPassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.5.A)Theyeathugeamountsoffood.B)Theyusuallyeattwiceaday.C)Theyusuallyeattotheirhearts,content.D)Theyeatmuchlessthanpeopleassume.6.A)Whenitisbreeding.B)Whenitfeelsthreatenedbyhumansinitsterritory.C)Whenitsoffspringisthreatened.D)Whenitissufferingfromi1Iness.7.A)Theyarenotasdangerousaspeoplethink.B)Theycanbeasfriendlytohumansasdogs.C)Theyattackhumanbeingsbynature.D)Theyarerea1lytameseaanimals.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.8.A)Becausepeoplemighthavetomigratetheresomeday.B)Becauseitisverymuch1iketheearth.C)Becauseitiseasiertoexplorethanotherplanets.D)Becauseitsatmosphereisdifferentfromthatoftheearth.9.A)Itschemicalelementsmustbestudied.B)Itstemperaturemustbelowered.C)Bigspaceshipsmustbebuilt.D)Itsatmospheremustbechanged.10.A)ItinfluencesthesurfacetemperatureofMars.B)11protects1ivingbeingsfromharmfulrays.C)ItkeepsaplanetfromoverheatingD)Itisthemaincomponentoftheairpeoplebreathe.11.A)Manwi11probablybeabletolivetherein200years.B)Scientistsareratherpessimisticaboutit.C)Manwi11probablybeabletolivetherein100000years'time.D)Scientistsareoptimisticaboutovercomingthedifficultiessoon.

20Test8PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron1inethroughthecentre.theAnswerSheetwithasingleExample:Youwi11hear:Youwi11read:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheywi11startat9o'clockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)H5hours"isthecorrectanswer.YoushouldchooseD)ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer(A)(B)(C)4W-1.A)Registeringforcourses.B)Gettingdirections.C)Buyinganewcomputer.D)Studyingsociology.2.A)Themanwi11probablyhavetofindaroommate.B)Themanisunlikelyto1iveinthesuburbs.C)Themanwi11probablyhavetobuyacar.D)Themanisunlikelytofindexactlywhathedesires.3.A)Paintingapicture.B)Hostingaprogram.C)Designingastudio.D)Takingaphotograph.4.A)Thewomandoesn'tthinkitaproblemtogetherpassportrenewed.B)Thewomanhasdifficultyrenewingherpassport.C)Thewomanhasn,trenewedherpassportyet.D)Thewomanzspassportisstillvalid.5.A)Apredictionofthefutureofmankind.

21B)Anewdrugthatmaybenefitmankind.C)Anopportunityforagoodjob.D)Anunsuccessfulexperiment.6.A)Alessonrequiresstudents'activeinvolvement.B)Studentsusuallytakeanactivepartinalecture.C)Moreknowledgeiscoveredinalecture.D)Thereisalargergroupofpeopleinterestedinlessons.7.A)Neitheroftheirwatcheskeepsgoodtime.B)Thewoman'swatchstopped3hoursago.C)Theman'swatchgoestoofast.D)It'stoodarkforthewomantoreadherwatch.8.A)She5sproudofbeingabletodomanythingsatthesametimeB)Sheissuretofinishal1thethingsinafewhours.C)Shedreamsofbecomingami11ionairesomeday.D)She'sbeenkeptextremelybusy.9.A)Hewantshisstudentstobeontimeforclass.B)Hedoesn'tallowhisstudentstotelljokesinclass.C)HeisaIwayspunctua1forhisclass.D)Herarelynoticeswhichstudentsarelate.10.A)Heisnervousabouttheexam.B)Heislookingforajob.C)Hedoesn'tdaretotel11ies.D)Hedoesn'tknowhowtoanswerthequestion.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwi11hearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Shewasboredwithheridlelifeathome.B)Shewasofferedagoodjobbyherneighbour.C)Shewantedtohelpwiththefamily'sfinances.D)Herfamilywould1iketoseehermoreinvolvedinsociallife12.A)DoinghouseworkB)Lookingafterherneighbour,schiIdren.C)ReadingpapersandwatchingTV.D)Takinggoodcareofherhusband.13.A)JanegotangryatBillzsidlelife.

22B)Bi11failedtoadapttothenewsituation.C)BillblamedJaneforneglectingthefamily.D)Thechildrenwerenottakengoodcareof.6.A)Neighboursshouldhelpeachother.B)Womenshouldhavetheirowncareers.C)Manandwifeshouldsharehouseholdduties.D)Parentsshouldtakegoodcareoftheirchildren.PassageTwoQuestions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.15.A)Topredictnaturaldisastersthatcancausevastdestruction.B)Tolimitthedestructionthatnaturaldisastersmaycause.C)TogainfinancialsupportfromtheUnitedNations.D)Toproposemeasurestoholdbacknatura1disasters.16.A)Thereisstillalongwaytogobeforemancancontrolnatura1disasters.B)InternationalcooperationcanminimizethedestructiveforceofnaturaldisastersC)Technologycanhelpreducethedamagenatura1disastersmaycause.D)Scientistscansuccessfullypredictearthquakes.17.A)Therewerefatalmistakesinitsdesign.B)Thebuilderdidn,tobservethebuiIdingcodesofthetime.C)Thetrafficloadwentbeyonditscapacity.D)Itwasbuiltaccordingtolessstrictearthquake-resistancestandards.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.A)Byjudgingtowhatextenttheycaneliminatetherisks.B)Byestimatingthepossiblelossof1ivesandproperty.C)Byestimatingthefrequencyofvolcaniceruptions.D)Byjudgingthepossiblerisksagainstthelikelybenefits.19.A)OneofEtna'srecenteruptionsmademanypeoplemoveaway.B)Etna'sfrequenteruptionshaveruinedmostofthelocalfarmland.C)Etna'seruptionsarefrequentbutusuallymiId.D)TherearesignsthatEtnawi11eruptagaininthenearfuture.20.A)Theywi11remainwheretheyare.B)Theywi11leavethisareaforever.C)Theywi11turntoexpertsforadvice.D)Theywi11seekshelterinnearbyregionsTest9PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear10shortconversations.Attheendofeach

23conversation,aquestionwi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.Example:Youwi11hear:Youwi11read:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheywi11startat9ofclockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)H5hours“isthecorrectanswer.YoushouldchooseD)ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer(A)(B)(C)1.A)It'sfarfrombeingreadyyet.B)Itcontainssomevaluableideas.C)Sheneedsanotherweektogetitready.D)IthasnothingtodowiththeInternet.2.A)Thewomanisakind-heartedboss.B)Thewomanisstrictwithheremployees.C)Themanalwayshasexcusesforbeinglate.D)Theman,salarmclockdidn'tworkthatmorning.3.A)ThebankneartheraiIwaystationcloseslate.B)Thebankaroundthecornerisnotopentoday.C)Thewomanshouldtryherluckinthebanknearby.D)Thewomanshouldusedollarsinsteadofpounds.4.A)Waitforaboutthreeminutes.B)Trydialingthenumberagain.C)Cal1againsometimelater.D)MakeanappointmentwithDr.Chen.5.A)Hefeltupsetbecauseofherfailure.B)Hebelievesshewi11passthetestthistime.C)Heissuretheywi11succeedinthenexttest.D)Hedidnobetterthanthewomaninthetest.6.A)Themanthinksthewomancanearnthecredits.B)Thewomanisbeggingthemantoletherpasstheexam.C)Thewomanhastoattendasummercoursetograduate.D)Thewomanisgoingtograduatefromsummerschool.7.A)FredlikesthebeautifulsceneryalongthewaytoCanada.

24B)FredusuallyfliestoCanadawithJane.C)FredpersuadedJanetochangehermind.D)FredisplanningatriptoCanada.6.A)Findroomforthepaintings.B)Putmorecoatsofpaintonthewall.C)Paintthewallstomatchthefurniture.D)Hangsomepicturesfordecoration.7.A)He'drathernotgotothelecture.B)He'sgoingtoattendthelecture.C)He'llgivealectureondrawing.D)Hedoesn,tmindifthewomangoestothelecture.8.A)Tryingtopersuadethewomantovoteforhim.B)Runningforchairmanofthestudentunion.C)Choosingacampaignmanager.D)Selectingthebestcandidate.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Tofindwaystotreathumanwastes.B)Tostudytheproblemsofloca1industries.C)ToconductastudyonfishingintheBiramichiRiver.D)ToinvestigatetheannualcatchoffishintheBiramichiRiver12.A)Seriouspollutionupstream.B)Lackofoxygen.C)Overgrowthofwaterplants.D)Lowwaterlevel.13.A)They'llbecloseddown.B)They'llbemovedtootherplaces.C)They'regoingtodismisssomeoftheiremployees.D)Theyhavenomoneytobuildchemicaltreatmentplants.14.A)Thelocalfishingcooperativedecidedtoreduceitscatch.B)ThelocalChamberofCommercetriedtopreservefishes.C)Therewerefewerfishintheriver.D)Over-fishingwasprohibited.PassageTwo

25Questions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.13.A)AshortnotetotheirlawyerB)AbrieflettersealedinanenvelopeC)Oralinstructionsrecordedonatape.D)Awrittendocumentofseveralpages.14.A)VisithisgraveregularlyforfiveyearsB)Stopwearinganykindoffashionableclothes.C)RefrainfromgoingoutwithmenforfiveyearsD)Burythedentistwithhisfavoritecar.15.A)HewantedtoleavehisbodyformedicalpurposesB)Hewasangrywithhisselfishrelatives.C)Hewasjustbeinghumorous.D)Hewasnotawealthyman.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theybelievedittobealuxury.B)Theyconsidereditavoidable.C)Theytookittobeatrend.D)Theythoughtitquiteacceptable.17.A)Casual.B)Critical.C)Skeptical.D)Serious.18.A)Whenthecurrentmarriagelawismodified.B)Whenhusbandandwifeunderstandeachotherbetter.C)Whenthecostsofgettingadivorcebecomeunaffordable.D)WhenpeopleconsidermarriageanimportantpartoftheirlivesTest10PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteronthroughthecentre.theAnswerSheetwithasinglelineExample:Youwi11hear:Youwi11read:

26A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheywi11startat9ozclockinthemorningandhaveto,finishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)H5hours"isthecorrectanswer.YoushouldchooseD)ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer(A)(B)(C)-©)1.A)Ridingahorse.B)Shootingamovie.C)Playingagame.D)Takingaphoto.2.A)She,11typetheletterfortheman.B)She'11teachthemantooperatethecomputerC)Shedoesn'tthinkhissisterisagoodtypist.D)Shethinksthemanshouldbuyacomputer.3.A)Johncansharethemagazinewithher.B)ShewantstoborrowJohn'scard.C)She,11letJohnusethejournalfirst.D)Johnshouldfindanothercopyforhimself.4.A)Shepromisedtohelptheman.B)Shecamealongwaytomeettheman.C)Shetookthemantowherehewantedtogo.D)Shesuggestedawayoutofthedifficultyfortheman.5.A)Thetrainseldomarrivesontime.B)Theschedulehasbeenmisprinted.C)Thespeakersarrivedatthestationlate.D)Thecompanyhastroubleprintingaschedule.6.A)Tofindabettersciencejourna1inthe1ibrary.B)Nottomissanychancetocollectusefulinformation.C)Tobuythelatestissueofthemagazine.D)Nottosubscribetothejournal.7.A)Shewantstoborrowtheman'sstudentIDcard.B)Theticketsarelessexpensivethansheexpected.C)Shewon'tbeabletogetanydiscountfortheticket.D)Theperformanceturnedouttobedisappointing.8.A)Dotheassignmentstowardstheendofthesemester.B)Quitthehistorycourseandchooseanotheroneinstead.C)Droponecourseanddoitnextsemester.

27B)Takecourseswithalighterworkload.1.A)Theorganizationofaconference.B)Thecostofrentingaconferenceroom.C)Thedecorationoftheconferenceroom.D)Thejobofcleaningupthedining-room.2.A)Meethisclient.B)Preparethedinner.C)Workathisoffice.D)Fixhiscar.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwi11hearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.3.A)OneofthebridgesbetweenNorthandSouthLondoncollapsed.B)TheheartofLondonwasflooded.C)Anemergencyexercisewasconducted.D)100peopleinthesuburbsweredrowned.4.A)50undergroundstationsweremadewaterproof.B)Afloodwal1wasbuilt.C)Analarmsystemwassetup.D)Rescueteamswereformed.5.A)MostLondonerswerefrightened.B)MostLondonersbecameratherconfused.C)MostLondonerstookExerciseFloodCallcalmly.D)MostLondonerscomplainedaboutthetroublecausedbyExerciseFloodCal1PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.6.A)It1imitedtheirsupplyoffood.B)Itmadetheireggshellstoofragile.C)Itdestroyedmanyoftheirnests.D)11ki1ledmanybabybaldeagles.7.A)Theyfoundwaystospeedupthereproductionofbaldeagles.B)Theydevelopednewtypesoffeedforbabybaldeagles.C)Theyexplorednewwaystohatchbabybaldeagles.D)TheybroughtinbaldeaglesfromCanada.8.A)Pollutionoftheenvironment

28B)Anewgenerationofpestki1lers.C)Over-ki11ingbyhunters.D)Destructionoftheirnaturalhomes.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.1.A)Whetheritcanbedetectedandchecked.B)Whetheritwi11leadtowidespreadfoodshortage.C)Whetherglobalwarmingwi11speedupinthefuture.D)Whetheritwi11affecttheirownlives.2.A)Manyspecieshavemovedfurthernorth.B)Manynewspecieshavecomeintoexistence.C)Manyspecieshavedevelopedahabitofmigration.D)Manyspecieshavebecomelesssensitivetoclimate.

291.A)Stormsandfloods.B)Diseaseandfire.C)Lessspacefortheirgrowth.D)Rapidincreaseoftheanimalpopulation.2.A)Theywi11graduallydieout.B)Theywi11beabletosurviveinthepreserves.C)Theywi11havetomigratetofindnewhomes.D)Theywi11faceextinctionwithoutartificialreproduction.Test11PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.Thenmarkthecorrespondingletteron1inethroughthecentre.theAnswerSheetwithasingleExample:Youwi11hear:Youwi11read:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywi11startat9ofclockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)H5hours"isthecorrectanswer.YoushouldchooseD)ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer(A)(B)(C)河1.A)SheknowswhereMarthahasgone.B)Marthawi11gototheconcertbyherself.C)ItisquitepossibleforthemantofindMartha.D)ThemanisgoingtomeetMarthaattheconcert.2.A)Theairpollutioniscausedbythedevelopmentofindustry

30B)Thecitywaspoorbecausetherewasn'tmuchindustrythen.C)Thewoman,sexaggeratingtheD)Hemightmovetoanothercity3.A)ThemanshouldworkharderB)Themanwi11benefitfromtheseriousnessofthepollution.verysoon.toimprovehisgrades.efforthe'sputin.C)Itservesthemanrighttogetapoorgrade.D)ItwasunfairoftheteachertogivethemanaC.4.A)Shecanmakeareservationattherestaurant.B)Themanshoulddecidewheretoeat.C)ShealreadyhasplansforSaturdaynight.D)Themanshouldaskhisbrotherforsuggestions.5.A)Themandeservedtheaward.B)Thewomanhelpedthemansucceed.C)Themanisthankfultothewomanforherassistance.D)Thewomanworkedhardandwasgivenanaward.6.A)Voluntaryworkcanhelpthemanestablishconnectionswiththecommunity.B)Theman'svoluntaryworkhaslefthimlittleroominhisschedule.C)Voluntaryworkwiththeenvironmentcouncilrequiresatimecommitment.D)Alotofpeoplehavesignedupforvoluntaryworkwiththeenvironmentcounci17.A)Thepatientmustreceivetreatmentregularly.B)Thepatientcan'tleavethehospitalunti1thebleedingstops.C)Thepatient'shusbandcanattendtothebusinessinherplace.D)Thepatientmusttakeagoodrestandforgetaboutherbusiness.8.A)Alicedoesnotknowmuchaboutelectronics.B)Aliceisuniikelytofindajobanywhere.C)Aliceisnotinterestedinanythingbutelectronics.D)Aliceislikelytofindajobinanelectronicscompany.9.A)Jimmyisgoingtosetouttonight.B)Jimmyhasnotdecidedonhisjourney.C)Thereisnoneedtohaveafarewelldinner.D)TheymayhaveadinnerwhenJimmy'sback.10.A)Thewomanhadbeenplanningfortheconference.B)Thewomancalledthemanbutthelinewasbusy.C)Thewomandidn,tcomebackunti1midnight.D)Thewomanhadguestsa11evening.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwi11hearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle

311inethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.4.A)TheyaredelightedbecausetheycanenjoythescenerywhiledrivingB)Theyarefrightenedbecausetrafficaccidentsarefrequent.C)Theyareirritatedbecausethebridgeisjammedwithcars.D)Theyarepleasedbecauseitsavesthemmuchtime.5.A)Theydon'thavetheirowncarstodrivetowork.B)Manyofthemareromanticbytemperament.C)Mostofthemenjoythedrinksontheboat.D)Theytendtobemorefriendlytoeachother.6.A)Manywelcometheideaofhavingmorebarsonboard.B)Manyprefertheferrytomaintainitspresentspeed.C)Somesuggestimprovingthedesignofthedeck.D)Someobjecttousinglargerluxuryboats.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.7.A)CocaCola.B)Sausage.C)Milk.D)Friedchicken.8.A)Hehasthirteendecayedteeth.B)Hedoesn'thaveasingledecayedtooth.C)Hehasfewerdecayedteeththanotherpeopleofhisage.D)Heneverhadasingletoothpulledoutbeforehewasfifty.9.A)Brushyourteethrightbeforeyougotobedintheevening.B)Haveasfewofyourteethpulledoutaspossible.C)HaveyourteethX-rayedatregularintervals.D)Cleanyourteethshortlyaftereating.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.10.A)Avisittoaprison.B)Theinfluenceofhisfather.C)Atalkwithsomemiserableslaves.D)HisexperienceinthewarbetweenFranceandAustria.11.A)Hesentsurgeonstoserveinthearmy.B)Heprovidedsoldierswithmedicalsupplies.C)Herecruitedvolunteerstocareforthewounded.D)Hehelpedtofleetheprisonersofwar.12.A)Al1menarecreatedequal.

32B)Thewoundedanddyingshouldbetreatedforfree.C)Awoundedsoldiershouldsurrenderbeforehereceivesanymedicaltreatment.D)Asufferingpersonisentitiedtohelpregardlessofrace,religionorpoliticalbeliefs.4.A)TohonorSwissheroeswhodiedinthewar.B)ToshowSwitzerlandwasneutral.C)TopaytributetoSwitzerland.D)ToshowgratitudetotheSwissgovernmentforitsfinancialsupport.Test12PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.Example:Youwi11hear:Youwi11read:hours.3hours.hours.hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywi11startat9ofclockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)H5hours“isthecorrectanswer.YoushouldchooseD)ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer(A)(B)(C)4W-1.A)Dick,strousersdon,tmatchhisjacket.B)Dicklooksfunnyinthatyellowjacket.C)ThecolorofDick'sjacketistoodark.D)Dickhasbadtasteinclothes.2.A)Callthepolicestation.B)Getthewalletfortheman.C)Showthemanherfamilypictures.D)Asktoseetheman'sdriver*s1icense.3.A)Thetemperatureisnotashighasthemanclaims.B)Theroomwi11getcoolifthemanopensthewindows.C)Sheisfollowinginstructionsnottousetheair-conditioning.

33B)SheisafraidthenewepidemicSARSwi11spreada11overtown.1.A)Shelostalotofweightintwoyears.B)Shestoppedexercisingtwoyearsago.C)Shehadauniquewayofstayinghea1thy.D)Shewasneverpersistentinanythingshedid.2.A)Themanisnotsuitablefortheposition.B)Thejobhasbeengiventosomeoneelse.C)Shehadreceivedonlyoneapplicationletter.D)Theapplicationarrivedaweekearlierthanexpected.6.A)He'sunwi11ingtofetchthelaundry.B)Hehasalreadypickedupthelaundry.C)Hewi11gobeforethelaundryisclosed.D)Hethinkshismothershouldgettheclothesback.7.A)Atashoppingcenter.B)Atanelectronicscompany.C)AtanInternationa1tradefair.D)AtaDVDcounterinamusicstore.8.A)Thewomanhatedthemantalkingthroughoutthemovie.B)Thewomansawacomedyinsteadofahorrormovie.C)Thewomanpreferslightmoviesbeforesleep.D)Thewomanregretsgoingtothemovie.9.A)Heistherightmantogetthejobdone.B)Heisamanwithprofessiona1expertise.C)Heisnoteasytogetalongwith.D)Heisnot1ikelytogetthejob.10.A)Itisbeingforcedoutoftheentertainmentindustry.B)Itshouldchangeitsconceptofoperation.C)Itshouldrevolutionizeitstechnology.D)Itisaverygoodplacetorelax.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwi11hearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicemarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)HesetupthefirstuniversityinAmerica.B)HewasoneoftheearliestsettlersinAmerica.C)HecanbestrepresentthespiritofearlyAmerica.D)HewasthemostdistinguisheddiplomatinAmericanhistory.

346.A)HeprovidedWashingtonwithalotofmoney.B)HepersuadedFrancetosupportWashington.C)Heservedasagenera1inWashington,sarmy.D)HerepresentedWashingtoninnegotiationswithBritain.7.A)AsoneofthegreatestAmericanscholars.B)AsoneofAmerica'smostingeniousinventors.C)AsoneofthefoundingfathersoftheUnitedStates.D)Asoneofthemostfamousactivistsforhumanrights.PassageTwoQuestions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.8.A)Becausewemightbeofferedadishofinsects.B)BecausenothingbutfreshlycookedinsectsareservedC)Becausesomeyuppies1iketohorrifyguestswithinsectsasfood.D)Becausewemightmeetmanysuccessfulexecutivesinthemediaindustry15.A)Fromyuppieclubs.B)Intheseafoodmarket.C)Inthesupermarket.D)OntheInternet.16.A)It'seasytoprepare.B)It'stastyandhealthful.C)It'sexoticinappearance.D)It'ssafetoeat.17.A)Itwi11beconsumedbymoreandmoreyoungpeople.B)Itwi11becomethefirstcourseatdinnerparties.C)Itwi11havetobechangedtosuitlocaltastesD)Itisuniikelytobeenjoyedbymostpeople.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.A)Theirbusinesshoursarelimited.B)Theirsafetymeasuresareinadequate.C)Theirbankingproceduresarecomplicated.D)Theydon'thaveenoughservicewindows.19.A)PeoplewhoareinthehabitofswitchingfromonebanktoanotherB)Youngpeoplewhoarefondofmodemtechnology.C)Youngpeoplewhoarewea1thyandwell-educated.D)Peoplewhohavecomputersathome.20.A)Tocompeteforcustomers.B)Toreducethesizeoftheirstaff.C)Toprovideservicesfordistantclients.D)Toexpandtheiroperationsatalowercost.

35Test13PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswersheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.Example:Youwi11hear:Youwi11read:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywi11startat9ozclockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)n5hours"isthecorrectanswer.YoushouldchooseD)ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer(A)(B)(C)-(W-1.A)Furnishedapartmentswi11costmore.B)Theapartmentcanbefurnishedeasily.C)Theapartmentisjustwhatthemanislookingfor.D)Shecanprovidethemanwiththeapartmentheneeds.2.A)Mr.Johnsonzsideasarenonsense.B)HequiteagreeswithMr.Johnson'sviews.C)Mr.Johnsonisgoodatexpressinghisideas.D)Hesharesthewoman'sviewsonsocialwelfare.3.A)Studyinaquietplace.B)Improvehergradesgradua1ly.C)Changetheconditionsofherdorm.D)Avoiddistractionswhilestudyinginherdorm.4.A)Ithasbeenputoff.B)Ithasbeencancelled.C)Itwi11beheldinadifferentplace,D)Itwi11berescheduledtoattractmoreparticipants.5.A)JanetlovesthebeautifullandscapeofAustraliaverymuchB)Janetisverymuchinterestedinarchitecture.C)JanetadmirestheSydneyOperaHouseverymuch.D)Janetthinksit'sashameforanyonenottovisitAustralia.

366.A)Itisbasedonalotofresearch.B)Itcanbefinishedinafewweeksztime.C)11hasdrawncriticismfromlotsofpeople.D)Itfallsshortofhersupervisor,sexpectations.7.A)Karenisveryforgetful.B)HeknowsKarenbetternow.C)Karenissuretopasstheinterview.D)ThewomanshouldhaveremindedKarenearlier.8.A)AskJoetoapologizetotheprofessorforher.B)Skiptheclasstopreparefortheexam.C)Telltheprofessorshe,slosthervoice.D)Attendthelecturewiththeman.9.A)Themanwi11goinforbusinessfightafterhighschool.B)Thewomanisnothappywiththeman'sdecision.C)Themanwantstobeabusinessmanager.D)Thewomanisworkinginakindergarten.10.A)Theystayclosedunti1summercomes.B)Theycaterchieflytotourists.C)Theyarebusyalltheyearround.D)TheyprovidequalityservicetotheircustomersSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwi11hearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Classmates.B)Colleagues.C)Bossandsecretary.D)PRrepresentativeandclient.12.A)HefelthisassignmentwastougherthanSue's.B)Hisclientscomplainedabouthisservice.C)Hethoughtthebosswasunfairtohim.D)HisbosswasaIwaysfindingfaultwithhiswork.13.A)Sheisunwi11ingtoundertakethem.B)Shecomplainsaboutherbadluck.C)Shealwaysacceptsthemcheerfully.D)Shetakesthemon,thoughreluctantly.

376.A)Suegotpromoted.B)Johnhadtoquithisjob.C)BothJohnandSuegotaraise.D)Suefailedtocompleteherproject.PassageTwoQuestions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.7.A)Bygreetingeachotherverypolitely.B)Byexchangingtheirviewsonpublicaffairs.C)Bydisplayingtheirfeelingsandemotions.D)Byaskingeachothersomepersonalquestions.8.A)Refrainfromshowinghisfeelings.B)Expresshisopinionfrankly.C)Arguefiercely.D)Yellloudly.9.A)Gettingrichquickly.B)Distinguishingoneself.C)Respectingindividua1rights.D)Doingcredittoone'scommunityPassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.10.A)Iftheydonztinvolveanyrisks.B)Iftheyproducepredictablesideeffects.C)Whentheurgentneedforthemarises.D)Whentestsshowthattheyarerelativelysafe.11.A)Becausetheyarenotaccustomedtoit.B)Becausetheyarenotpsychologicallypreparedforit.C)Becausetheirgenesdifferfromthosewhohavebeentestedforit.D)Becausetheyarelesssensitivetoitthanthosewhohavebeentestedforit.20.A)Theywi11havetotakeeverlargerdoses.B)Theywi11becomephysicallyimpaired.C)Theywi11sufferfromminordiscomfort.D)Theywi11experienceaverypainfulprocess.Test14PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,

38youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswersheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.Example:Youwi11hearYouwi11readA)2hoursB)3hoursC)4hoursD)5hoursFromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywi11startat9ozclockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)n5hoursHisthecorrectanswer.YoushouldchooseD)ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer(A)(B)(C)1.A)Itwillreducegovernmentrevenues.B)Itwi11stimulatebusinessactivities.C)Itwillmainlybenefitthewealthy.D)Itwi11cutthestockholder'sdividends.2.A)Shewi11doherbestifthejobisworthdoing.B)Sheprefersalifeofcontinuedexploration.C)Shewi11sticktothejobifthepayisgood.D)Shedoesn'tthinkmuchofjob-hopping.3.A)Stopthinkingaboutthematter.B)Talkthedruguseroutofthehabit.C)Bemorefriendlytohisschoolmate.D)Keephisdistancefromdrugaddicts.4.A)Theson.B)Thefather.C)Themother.D)AuntLouise.5.A)Stayawayforacoupleofweeks.B)Checkthelockseverytwoweeks.C)LookaftertheJohnsons'house.D)Movetoanotherplace.6.A)Hewould1iketowarmupforthegame.B)Hedidn'twanttobeheldupintraffic.C)Hedidn'twanttomissthegame.D)Hewantedtocatchasmanygamebirdsaspossible.7.A)Itwasburneddown.B)Itwasrobbed.C)Itwasblownup.D)Itwascloseddown.

391.A)Sheisn'tgoingtochangehermajor.B)Sheplanstomajorintaxlaw.C)Shestudiesinthesameschoolasherbrother.firm.D)Sheisn'tgoingtoworkinherbrother,2.A)Themanshouldphonethehotelfordirections.

40B)Themancanaskthedepartmentstoreforhelp.C)Shedoesn'thavethehotel'sphonenumber.D)Thehotelisjustaroundthecorner.1.A)Shedoesn'texpecttofinishallherworkinthirtyminutesB)Shehastodoalotofthingswithinashorttime.C)Shehasbeenoverworkingforalongtime.D)ShedoesnztknowwhytherearesomanythingstodoSectionBCompoundDictation注意：听力理解的B节(SectionB)为复合式听写(CompoundDictation),题目在试卷二上，现在取出试卷二。Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofi11intheblanksnumberedfrom$1to$7withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom$8to$10youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.CertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanscapturetheirdevotiontoindividualism:"Doyourownthing."nIdiditmyway.""You'11havetodecidethatforyourself."MYoumadeyourbed,now(SI)init.""Ifyoudon'tlookoutforyourself,nooneelsewi11.n"Lookoutfornumberone."Closely(S2)withthevaluetheyplaceonindividualismistheimportanceAmericans(S3)toprivacy.Americansassumethatpeople"needsometimetothemselves"or"sometimealone,,tothinkaboutthingsorrecovertheir(54)psychologicalenergy.Americanshavegreat(55)understandingforeignerswhoaIwayswanttobewithanotherperson,whodislikebeingalone.Iftheparentscan(S6)it,eachchildwi11havehisorherownbedroom.Havingone'sownbedroom,evenasan(S7),fixesinapersonthenotionthat(S8)Shewi11haveherclothes,hertoys,herbooks,andsoon.Thesethingswi11behersandnooneelse*s.Americansassumethat(S9)Doctors,lawyers,psychiatrists,andothershaverulesgoverning"confidentiality"thatareintendedtopreventinformationabouttheirclients'

41personalsituationsfrom

42becomingknowntoothers.American7sattitudeaboutprivacycanbehardforforeignerstounderstand.(S10)Whenthoseboundariesarecrossed,anAmerican,sbodywi11visiblystiffenandhismannerwi11becomecoolandaloof.Test15PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswersheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.Example:Youwi11hear:Youwi11read:A)2hours.B)3hours.C)4hours.D)5hours.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoaretalkingaboutsomeworktheywi11startat9ozclockinthemorningandhavetofinishat2intheafternoon.Therefore,D)H5hours"isthecorrectanswer.YoushouldchooseD)ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer(A)(B)(C)4W-1.A)Thedeanshouldhaveconsultedherontheappointment.B)Dr.Holdenshouldhavetakenoverthepositionearlier.C)Shedoesn'tthinkDr.Holdenhasmadeawisechoice.D)Dr.Holdenisthebestpersonforthechairmanship.2.A)They'llkeepintouchduringthesummervacation.B)Theyz11holdapartybeforethesummervacation.C)They'lldooddjobstogetherattheschool1ibrary.D)They,11getbacktotheirschoolonceinawhile.3.A)Peachesareinseasonnow.B)Peachesarenotattheirbestnow.C)Thewomandidn'tknowhowtobargain.D)Thewomanhelpedthemanchoosethefruit.

431.A)Theyjointhephysicsclub.B)Theyaskforanextensionofthedeadline.C)Theyworkontheassignmenttogether.D)Theychooseaneasierassignment.2.A)SheadmiresJean'sstraightforwardness.B)ShethinksDr.Browndeservesthepraise.C)Shewi11talktoJeanaboutwhathappened.D)ShebelievesJeanwasrudetoDr.Brown.6.A)He1ikedwritingwhenhewasachiId.B)HeenjoyedreadingstoriesinReader'sDigest.C)HeusedtobeaneditorofReader'sDigest.D)Hebecamewel1knownattheageofsix.7.A)Heshowsgreatenthusiasmforhisstudies.B)Heisaveryversatileperson.C)Hehasnotalentfortennis.D)Hedoesnotstudyhardenough.8.A)JohnhaslostsomethingattheraiIwaystation.B)Therearesevera1raiIwaystationsinthecity.C)Itwi11beverydifficultforthemtofindJohn.D)ThetrainthatJohnistakingwi11arrivesoon.9.A)Itsrapidgrowthisbeneficialtotheworld.B)Itcanbeseenasamodelbytherestoftheworld.C)Itssuccesscan'tbeexplainedbyelementaryeconomics.D)Itwi11continuetosurgeforward.10.A)11takesonly5minutestoreachthecampusfromtheapartmentsB)Moststudentscan'taffordtoliveinthenewapartments.C)Thenewapartmentsarenotavailableuntilnextmonth.D)Thenewapartmentscanaccommodate500students.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwi11hearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)TheroleofimmigrantsintheconstructionofAmericansociety.B)TheimportanceofofferingdiversecoursesinEuropeanhistory.C)Theneedforgreatercultura1diversityintheschoolcurriculum.D)ThehistoriclandingofEuropeansontheVirginiashore.

446.A)HewaswonderingifthespeakerwasusedtolivinginAmerica.B)Hewastryingtoshowfriendlinesstothespeaker.C)Hewantedtokeeptheirconversationgoing.D)Hebelievedthespeakerwasaforeigner.7.A)TheUSpopulationdoesn'tconsistofwhiteEuropeandescendantsonly.B)AsiantouristscanspeakEnglishaswellasnativespeakersofthelanguageC)ColoredpeoplearenotwelcomeintheUnitedStates.D)Americansareinneedofeducationintheirhistory.PassageTwoQuestions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.8.A)Bymakinglaws.B)Byenforcingdiscipline.C)Byeducatingthepublic.D)Byholdingceremonies.9.A)Itshouldberaisedbysoldiers.B)Itshouldberaisedquicklybyhand.C)ItshouldberaisedonlybyAmericans.D)Itshouldberaisedbymechanicalmeans.10.A)Itshouldbeattachedtothestatus.B)11shouldbehungfromthetopofthemonument.C)Itshouldbespreadovertheobjecttobeunveiled.D)Itshouldbecarriedhighupintheair.11.A)Therehasbeenalotofcontroversyovertheuseofflag.B)Thebestathletescanwearuniformswiththedesignoftheflag.C)Therearepreciseregulationsandcustomstobefollowed.D)Americanscanprinttheflagontheircushionsorhandkerchiefs.PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Punishmentbyteachers.B)Pooracademicperformance.C)Truancy.

45B)11Iness.6.A)TheBoardofEducation.B)Principalsofcityschools.C)Studentswithgoodacademicrecords.D)Studentswithgoodattendancerecords.20.A)Punishingstudentswhodamageschoolproperty.B)RewardingschoolsthathavedecreasedthedestructionC)Promotingteacherswhocanpreventthedestruction.D)Cuttingthebudgetforrepairsandreplacements.Test16PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.Example:Youwi11hear:Youwi11read:A)Attheoffice.B)Inthewaitingroom.C)Attheairport.D)Inarestaurant.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheyhadtofinishintheevening.Thisconversationismostlikelytohavetakenplaceattheoffice.Therefore,A)"Attheoffice"isthebestanswer,youshouldchooseA)ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer4A)-(B)(C)(D)1.A)Sheisnotsureshecanpassonthemessage.B)ShemetwithThomasjustafewdaysago.C)Shecanhelpwiththeorientationprogram.D)Shewi11certainlytrytocontactThomas.2.A)Changethelightbulb.B)Cleanthediningroom.C)Setthedinnertable.D)Holdtheladderforhim.3.A)He'd1ikesomecoffee.B)He'dlikeapieceofpie.C)He'sjusthaddinnerwithhisfriends.

46B)He'dratherstayinthewarmroom.1.A)Hehaslosthisjob.B)Hemightgetfired.C)Heiscontentedwithhiscurrentposition.D)Hehasmanagedtosellanumberofcars.2.A)Paul'scolleague.B)Paul'sgirlfriend.C)Tony'swife.D)Tony'ssecretary.6.A)Hemadeawrongturnattheintersection.B)Hewascaughtspeedingonafastlane.C)Hehadtorunquicklytogettheticket.D)Hewasfinedforrunningaredlight.7.A)Hefindsrewardmoreeffectivethanpunishment.B)Hehaslearnedalotfromhisownmistakes.C)HeisquiteexperiencedintamingwiIddogs.D)Hethinksitimportanttomasterbasictrainingskills.8.A)Inarestaurant.B)Inthelibrary.C)Atthedentisfs.D)Atabookstore.9.A)Hebelievesmostcollegestudentsarerunningwild.B)HethinksJenny'sworkloadistooheavyatcollege.C)Hedoesn'tagreewiththewoman'sremark.D)Hedoesn'twantJennytogetintotrouble.10.A)Itwasjustterrible.B)Itwasapplaudable.C)Theplotwasfunnyenough.D)Theactorswereenthusiastic.SectionBDirections：Inthissection,youwillhear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwi11hearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonly

47once.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.6.A)Specialeducation.B)Socialwork.C)Appliedphysics.D)Medicalcare.7.A)Herdeterminationtofulfillherdream.B)Herparents'consistentmora1support.C)Thetwo-yearprofessiona1trainingshereceived.D)Thetimelyadvicefromherfriendsandrelatives.8.A)Tosetupaninstitutionforthehandicapped.B)Togetthefundingforthehospitals.C)TohelpthedisabledchiIdrenthere.D)Totraintherapistsforthechildrenthere.PassageTwoQuestions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Inasmal1vi1lageinChile.B)InamountainvalleyofSpain.C)AtacountryschoolinMexico.D)Atasmal1Americancollege.10.A)Byfinancingtheirelementaryeducation.B)Byexpandingtheirmindsandhorizons.C)Bysettingthemaninspiringexample.D)Bysettingupasmallprimaryschool.11.A)Sheprovedherselftobeanactiveandcapablestateswoman.B)Shewasatalenteddesigneroforiginalschoolcurriculums.C)Shemadeoutstandingcontributionstochildren,seducation.D)Shewrotepoetrythatbrokethroughnationa1barriers.12.A)Sheadvisedmanystatesmenoninternationalaffairs.B)Shetranslatedherbooksintomanylanguages.C)ShewasthefirstwomantowinaNobelPrize.D)Shewonthe1945NobelPrizeinLiterature.

48PassageThreeQuestions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.6.A)Howanimalssurviveharshconditionsinthewild.B)Howanimalsprotectthemselvesagainstpredators.C)Howanimalslearntodisguisethemselveseffectively.D)Howanimalsaltercolorstomatchtheirsurroundings.7.A)Itsplant-likeappearance.B)Itsinstantaneousresponse.C)Itsoffensivesmell.D)Itsenormoussize.8.A)11allowsthemtoswimfaster.B)Itallowsthemtoavoidtwistsandturns.C)Ithelpsthemfighttheirpredators.D)Ithelpsimprovetheirsafety.Test17PartIListeningComprehension(20minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear10shortconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionwi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecenter.Example:Youwi11hear:Youwi11read:A)Attheoffice.B)Inthewaitingroom.C)Attheairport.D)Inarestaurant.Fromtheconversationweknowthatthetwoweretalkingaboutsomeworktheyhadtofinishintheevening.Thisconversationismostlikelytohavetakenplaceattheoffice.Therefore,A)“Attheoffice"isthebestanswer,youshouldchooseA)ontheAnswerSheetandmarkitwithasingle1inethroughthecentre.SampleAnswer-(A)-(B)(C)(D)1.A)Marycarestoomuchaboutherlooks.B)Maryisdissatisfiedwithherpromotion.C)TheyarepuzzledaboutMary'slowspirits.D)ThefoggyweatherhasaffectedMary'smood.

491.A)Gotoanartexhibition.B)Dineoutwithanoldfriend.C)Seehispaintingsondisplay.D)Attendtheopeningnightofaplay.2.A)Shehelpedupgradetheeducationallevelofimmigrants.B)Hermotherwasquiteoutstandinginacademicwork.C)Shewasnotparticularlyinterestedingoingtoschool.D)Herparentslaidgreatemphasisonacademicexcellence.3.A)Ticketsforitsmemberswerecheaper.B)Itwasfilledwithpeopleal1thetime.C)11hadareputationforgoodservice.D)Themachinestherewerei11maintained.4.A)TomhasarrangedtomeethisbrideSarahinHawaii.B)AdoubleblessinghasdescendeduponTom.C)TomwasmoreexcitedthanSarahatthewedding.D)BothSarahandTomhavebeenawardeddoctora1degrees6.A)Thecoursepreparedhimadequatelyfortheexamination.B)Theexaminationquestionsweresomewhattoodifficult.C)Theexaminationwaswellbeyondthecoursecontent.D)Thereweretoomanyquestionsintheexamination.7.A)It'spartofhisjob.B)It'slesstime-consuming.C)Hiswifeistiredofcooking.D)Heissickofhome-cookedmeals.8.A)Heseldomtakesthingseriously.B)HeisveryproudofhispianoskiIls.C)Hehasjuststartedtoteachpianolessons.D)Heusuallyunderstateshisachievements.9.A)It'sabsurd.B)It'stedious.C)It'sunderstandable.D)It'sjustifiable.10.A)Allowhertotakeanotherflightthatnight.B)Compensateherfortheinconvenience.C)Explainthecauseofthecancellation.D)Arrangeaccommodationforher.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),

50B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasingle1inethroughthecenter.PassageOneQuestion11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.6.A)Settingupaspecialmuseum.B)Producinglegendarypaintings.C)Manufacturingqualityfurniture.D)Makingafortunefromdecorativearts.7.A)ToincreasethepopularityoftheDuPontCompany.B)TopromoteinterestinAmericandecorativearts.C)Totel1thestoryoftheAmericanRevolution.D)ToshowhisfascinationwithAsianculture.8.A)Bystyleordesign.B)Bymanufacturerororigin.C)Byfunctionorpurpose.D)Bythemeorperiod.PassageTwoQuestions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Thenumberofpeoplerelyingontheirmothertonguewilldrop.B)ThepercentageofnativespeakersofEnglishwi11increase.C)Peoplewi11chooseChineseratherthanEnglish.D)Peoplemayusetwoormorelanguages.10.A)ThenumberofSpanishspeakersisfargreaterthanthatofArabicspeakers.B)ArabicspokeninEgyptdiffersfromArabicspokeninMoroccoinorigin.C)ArabicspokeninoneArabcountrymaynotbeunderstoodinanother.D)ThenumberofArabicspeakersisdecliningbecauseoftheinvasionofEnglish.16.A)ItisuncertainwhetherEnglishwi11betheworldlanguageinthefuture.E)Spanishisverylikelytobecomethetoplanguageoftheworldby2050.F)Mostpeopleintheworldwi11learntospeakChineseinthefuture.G)11isimpossibleforArabcountriestostandardizetheirlanguage.PassageThreeQuestions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)Becauseitwouldcostlotsofmoneytobuildsuchspecialcolleges.B)Becauseitwouldconstitutediscriminationagainstblindstudents.C)BecausetheybelieveblindstudentsprefertomixwithstudentswhocanseeD)Becausetheythinkblindpeopleshouldlearnto1iveamongsightedpeople.18.A)Byprovidingthemwithfreemedicalservice.B)Byencouragingthemtobemoreself-reliant.C)Byofferingthemmorefinancialassistance.D)Byshowingthempropercareandrespect.

5119.A)Moderntechnology.B)Professionalsupport.C)FinancialaidfromtheAmericangovernment.D)HelpfromtheNationalFederationoftheBlind.20.A)AskAmericanprofessorstowriterecommendationsontheirbehalf.B)ObtainAmericancitizenshipbeforetheyreachtheageof30.C)ApplytotheNationa1FederationoftheBlindforscholarships.D)Turntospecialinstitutionsintheirowncountryforassistance.Test18PartIDListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkedthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingle1inethroughthecentre.11.A)Dr.Smith'swaitingroomisn'ttidy.B)Dr.Smithenjoysreadingmagazines.C)Dr.Smithhasleftagoodimpressiononher.D)Dr.Smithmaynotbeagoodchoice.12.A)Themanwi11renttheapartmentwhenitisavailable.B)ThemanmadeabargainwiththelandladyovertherentC)Themaninsistsonhavingalookattheapartmentfirst.D)Themanisnotfullysatisfiedwiththeapartment.13.A)Packinguptogoabroad.B)BrushinguponherEnglish.C)DrawingupaplanforherEnglishcourse.D)ApplyingforavisatotheUnitedStates.14.A)Heisanxioustofindacureforhishighbloodpressure.B)Hedoesn,tthinkhighbloodpressureisaproblemforhim.C)Hewasnotawareofhisi1Inessunti1diagnosedwithit.D)Hedidnottakethesymptomsofhisi1Inessseriously.15.A)ToinvestigatethecausesofAIDS.B)ToraisemoneyforAIDSpatients.C)TorallysupportforAIDSvictimsinAfrica.D)TodrawattentiontothespreadofAIDSinAsia.16.A)Ithasaverylonghistory.

52B)11isaprivateinstitution.C)ItwasfoundedbyThomasJefferson.D)Itstressesthecomprehensivestudyofnature.11.A)Theycanztfitintothemachine.B)Theyhavenotbeendeliveredyet.C)Theyweresenttothewrongaddress.D)Theywerefoundtobeofthewrongtype.12.A)Thefoodservedinthecafeteriausuallylacksvariety.B)ThecafeteriasometimesprovidesrarefoodforthestudentsC)Thestudentsfindtheserviceinthecafeteriasatisfactory.D)Thecafeteriatrieshardtocatertothestudents7needs.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.13.A)Hepickedupsomeapplesinhisyard.B)Hecutsomebranchesofftheappletree.C)Hequarreledwithhisneighboroverthefence.D)Hecleanedupal1thegarbageinthewoman'syard.14.A)Trimtheappletreesinheryard.B)Pickuptheapplesthatfellinheryard.C)Takethegarbagetothecurbforher.D)Removethebranchesfromheryard.15.A)Filealawsuitagainsttheman.B)Askthemanforcompensation.C)Havetheman'sappletreecutdown.D)Throwgarbageintotheman,syard.16.A)Hewasreadytomakeaconcession.B)Hewasnotpreparedtogotocourt.C)Hewasnotintimidated.D)Hewasabitconcerned.

53Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.11.A)Badweather.B)Humanerror.C)Breakdownoftheengines.D)Failureofthecommunicationssystem.12.A)Twothousandfeet.B)Twelvethousandfeet.C)Twentythousandfeet.D)Twenty-twothousandfeet.13.A)Accuratecommunicationisofutmostimportance.B)Pilotsshouldbeabletospeakseveralforeignlanguages.C)Aircontrollersshouldkeepaclosewatchontheweather.D)Cooperationbetweenpilotsandaircontrollersisessential.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingle1inethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Hisfathercaughtaseriousdisease.B)Hismotherpassedaway.C)Hismotherlefthimtomarryarichbusinessman.D)Hisfathertooktodrinking.15.A)Hedislikedbeingdisciplined.B)HewasexpelledC)Hecouldn'tpaybytheuniversity.hisgamblingdebts.D)Heenjoyedworkingforamagazine.16.A)HispoemsareheavilyinfluencedbyFrenchwriters.B)HisstoriesaremainlysetintheStateofVirginia.C)Hisworkisdifficulttoread.D)Hislanguageisnotrefined.17.A)Hegrievedtodeathoverthelossofhiswife.B)Hecommittedsuicideforunknownreasons.C)Hewasshotdeadattheageof40.D)HediedofheavydrinkingPassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.A)Women.B)Prisoners.

54B)Manualworkers.C)SchoolagechiIdren.11.A)Hetaughthisstudentshowtopronouncethelettersfirst.B)Hematchedtheletterswiththesoundsfami1iartothelearners.C)Heshowedthelearnershowtocombinethelettersintosimplewords.D)Hedividedthelettersintogroupsaccordingtothewaytheyarewritten32,A)11canhelppeopletobecome1iteratewithinashorttime.B)11wasorigina1lydesignedforteachingtheEnglishlanguage.C)Itenablesthelearnerstomasteralanguagewithinthreemonths.D)ItiseffectiveinteachinganyalphabeticallanguagetoBrazilians,PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Thecrop'sbloomingperiodisdelayed.B)Therootsofcropsarecutoff.C)Thetopsoi1isseriouslydamaged.D)Thegrowthofweedsisaccelerated.34.A)It'sanewwayofapplyingchemicalferti1izer.B)It'sanimprovedmethodofharvestingcrops.C)It'sacreativetechniqueforsavinglabor.D)It'safarmingprocess1imitingtheuseofploughs35.A)Inareaswithfewweedsandunwantedplants.B)Inareaswithasevereshortageofwater.C)Inareaslackinginchemicalferti1izer.D)Inareasdependentonimportedfood.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgenera1idea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofi11intheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Adultsaregettingsmarterabouthowsmartbabiesare.Notlongago,researcherslearnedthat4-day-oldinfantscouldunderstand(36)andsubtraction.Now,Britishresearch(37)GrahamSchaferhasdiscoveredthatinfantscanlearnwordsforuncommonthingslongbeforetheycanspeak.Hefoundthat9-month-oldinfantscouldbetaughtthroughrepeatedshowandtell,to(38)thenamesofobjectsthatwereforeigntothem,aresultthat(39)insomewaysthereceived(40)that,apartfromlearningto(41)thingscommon

55totheirdaily1ives,chiIdrendon'tbegintobuildvocabularyunti1wellintotheirsecondyear."It'sno(42)thatchildrenlearnwords,butthewordstheytendtoknowarewords1inkedto(43)situationsinthehome,"explainsSchafer."(44)withanunfamiliarvoicegivinginstructionsinanunfami1iarsetting."Figuringouthowhumansacquirelanguagemayshed1ightonwhysomechildrenlearntoreadandwritelaterthanothers,Schafersays,andcouldleadtobettertreatmentsfordevelopmenta1problems.(45)nLanguageisatestcaseforhumancognitivedevelopment,”saysSchafer.Butparentseagertoteachtheirinfantsshouldtakenote:(46)"Thisisnotaboutadvancingdevelopment;"hesays."It'sjustaboutwhatchildrencandoatanearlieragethanwhateducatorshaveoftenthought."Test19PartIDListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingle1inethroughthecentre.11.A)Surfingthenet.B)Watchingatalkshow.C)Packingabirthdaygift.D)Shoppingatajewelrystore.12.A)HeenjoysfindingfaultwithexamsB)Heissureofhissuccessintheexam.C)Hedoesn'tknowifhecandowellintheexam.D)HeusedtogetstraightA'sintheexamshetook.13.A)Themanisgenerouswithhisgoodcommentsonpeople.B)Thewomanisdoubtfulaboutnewspaperstories.C)Thewomanisunsureiftherewi11bepeaceintheworld.D)Themanisquiteoptimisticabouthumannature.14.A)Studyforsomeprofession.

56B)Attendamedicalschool.C)Stayinbusiness.D)Sellhisshop.11.A)Moremoney.B)Fairtreatment.C)Acollegeeducation.D)Shorterworkhours.12.A)Shewasexhaustedfromhertrip.B)Shemissedthecomfortsofhome.C)ShewasimpressedbyMexicanfood.D)Shewi11notgotoMexicoagain.13.A)Cheerherselfupabit.B)Findamoresuitablejob.C)Seekprofessiona1advice.D)Takeapsychologycourse.14.A)Hedressesmoreformallynow.B)Whathewearsdoesnotmatchhisposition.C)Hehasignoredhisfriendssincegraduation.D)Hefailedtodowellatcollege.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.15.A)Togosightseeing.B)Tohavemeeting.C)Topromoteanewchampagne.D)Tojoininatrainingprogram.20.A)ItcanreducethenumberofpassengercomplaintsB)11canmakeairtravelmoreentertaining.0Itcancutdowntheexpensesforairtravel.D)11canlessenthediscomfortcausedbyairtravel.21.A)Tookbalancedmealswithchampagne.B)Atevegetablesandfruitonly.C)Refrainedfromfishormeat.D)Avoidedeatingrichfood.22.A)ManyofthemfounditdifficulttoexerciseonaplaneB)Manyofthemwereconcernedwiththeirwel1-being.C)Notmanyofthemchosetodowhatshedid.D)Notmanyofthemunderstoodtheprogram.Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.23.A)Atafair.B)Atacafeteria.C)Inacomputerlab.

57B)Inashoppingmall.21.A)Thelatestcomputertechnology.B)Theorganizingofanexhibition.C)Thepurchasingofsomeequipment.D)Thedramaticchangesinthejobmarket.22.A)Datacollection.B)Trainingconsultancy.C)Corporatemanagement.D)Informationprocessing.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwi11hearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglethe1inethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.A)Improvethemselves.B)Getridofemptydreams.C)Followtheculturaltradition.D)Attemptsomethingimpossible.24.A)Byfindingsufficientsupportforimplementation.B)Bytakingintoaccounttheirownabilitytochange.C)Byconstantlykeepinginmindtheirultimategoals.D)Bymakingdetailedplansandcarryingthemout.25.A)Toshowpeoplehowtogettheirlivesbacktonormal.B)Toshowhowdifficultitisforpeopletoloseweight.C)Toremindpeopletocheckthecaloriesonfoodbags.D)Toi1lustratehoweasilypeopleabandontheirgoals.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.A)MichaeTsparentsgotdivorced.B)KarenwasadoptedbyRayAnderson.C)Karen,smotherdiedinacaraccident.D)Atruckdriverlosthis1ifeinacollision.27.A)Heranaredlightandcollidedwithatruck.B)Hesacrificedhislifetosaveababygirl.C)Hewaskilledinstantlyinaburningcar.D)HegotmarriedtoKaren'smother.28.A)Thereportedheroturnedouttobehisfather.

58B)Hedidnotunderstandhisfathertilltoolate.C)Suchmisfortuneshouldhavefallenonhim.D)Itremindedhimofhismiserablechildhood.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.21.A)Germany.B)Japan.C)TheU.S.D)TheU.K.22.A)Bydoingoddjobsatweekends.B)Byworkinglonghourseveryday.C)Byputtinginmorehourseachweek.D)Bytakingshortervacationseachyear.23.A)Tocombatcompetitionandraiseproductivity.B)Toprovidethemwithmorejobopportunities.C)Tohelpthemmaintaintheirlivingstandard.D)Topreventthemfromholdingasecondjob.24.A)Changetheirjobs.B)Earnmoremoney.C)Reducetheirworkinghours.D)Strengthenthegovernment'srole.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofi11intheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Nursing,asatypicallyfemaleprofession,mustdealconstantlywiththefalseimpressionthatnursesaretheretowaitonthephysician.Asnurses,weare(36)toprovidenursingcareonly.Wedonothaveanylega1ormora1(37)toanyphysician.Weprovidehealthteaching,(38)physica1aswellasemotionalproblems,(39)patient-relatedservices,andmakeal1ofournursingdecisionsbaseduponwhatisbestorsuitableforthepatient.Ifinany(40),wefeelthataphysician'sorderis(41)orunsafe,wehavealegal(42)toquestionthatorderorrefusetocarryitoutNursingisnotanine-to-fivejobwitheveryweekendoff.Al1nursesareawareofthatbeforetheyentertheprofession.Theemotionalandphysicalstress,however,thatoccursduetooddworkinghoursisa(43)reasonforalotofthe

59careerdissatisfaction.(44).Thatdisturbsourpersonal1ives,disruptsoursleepingandeatinghabits,andisolatesusfromeverythingexceptjob-relatedfriendsandactivities.Thequalityofnursingcareisbeingaffecteddramatica1lybythesesituations.(45)Consumersofmedicallyrelatedserviceshaveevidentlynotbeenaffectedenoughyettodemandchangesinourmedicalsystem.Butiftrendscontinueaspredicted,(46)Test20PartHIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswil1beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingle1inethroughthecentre.11.A)Proceedinhisownway.B)Sticktotheoriginalplan.C)Compromisewithhiscolleague.D)Trytochangehiscolleague,smind.12.A)Maryhasakeeneyeforstyle.B)Nancyregretsbuyingthedress.C)NancyandMarywentshoppingtogetherinRomeD)NancyandMaryliketofollowthelatestfashion.13.A)Washthedishes.B)Gotothetheatre.C)PickupGeorgeandMartha.D)Takeherdaughtertohospital.14.A)Sheenjoysmakingupstoriesaboutotherpeople.B)Shecanneverkeepanythingtoherselfforlong.C)Sheiseagertosharenewswiththewoman.D)Sheisthebestinformedwomanintown.15.A)Acardealer.B)Amechanic.C)Adrivingexaminer.D)Atechnicalconsultant.

6011.A)Theshoppingmallhasbeendesertedrecently.B)Shopperscanonlyfindgoodstoresinthemall.C)Lotsofpeoplemovedoutofthedowntownarea.D)Thereisn'tmuchbusinessdowntownnowadays.12.A)Hewi11helpthewomanwithherreading.B)Theloungeisnotaplaceforhimtostudyin.C)Hefeelssleepywheneverhetriestostudy.D)Acozyplaceisratherhardtofindoncampus.13.A)Toprotectherfromgettingscratches.B)Tohelprelieveherofthepain.C)Topreventmosquitobites.D)Toavoidgettingsunburnt.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.14.A)Inastudio.B)Inaclothingstore.C)Atabeachresort.D)Atafashionshow.15.A)Tolivetherepermanently.B)Tostaythereforhalfayear.C)Tofindabetterjobtosupportherself.D)Tosei1leathergoodsforaBritishcompany.16.A)Designingfashionitemsforseveralcompanies.B)Modelingforaworld-famousItaliancompany.C)WorkingasanemployeeforFerragamo.D)ServingasasalesagentforBurberrys.17.A)Ithasseenasteadydeciineinitsprofits.B)ithasbecomemuchmorecompetitive.C)IthaslostmanycustomerstoforeigncompaniesD)11hasattractedalotmoredesignersfromabroadQuestions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.18.A)Ithelpshertoattractmorepublicattention.B)Itimprovesherchanceofgettingpromoted.C)Itstrengthensherrelationshipwithstudents.D)Itenableshertounderstandpeoplebetter.19.A)Passively.B)Positively.C)Skeptically.D)Sensitively.20.A)Itkeepshauntingherdayandnight.B)Herteachingwassomewhataffectedbyit.

61B)Itvanishesthemomentshestepsintoherrole.C)Hermindgoesblankonceshegetsonthestage.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwi11hearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingle1inethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Towinoverthemajorityofpassengersfromairlinesintwentyyears.B)Toreformrai1roadmanagementinwesternEuropeancountries.C)Toelectrifytherailway1inesbetweenmajorEuropeancities.D)TosetupanexpresstrainnetworkthroughoutEurope.12.A)MajorEuropeanairlineswi11gobankrupt.B)Europeanswi11paymuchlessfortraveling.C)TravelingtimebytrainbetweenmajorEuropeancitieswi11becutbyhalf.D)Trainswi11becomethesafestandmostefficientmeansoftravelinEurope28.A)Traintravelwi11provemuchmorecomfortablethanairtravel.E)Passengerswi11feelmuchsaferonboardatrainthanonaplane.F)Railtransportwi11beenvironmentallyfriendlierthanairtransport.G)Travelingbytrainmaybeasquickas,orevenquickerthan,byair.29.A)In1981.B)In1989.C)In1990.D)In2000.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Therecanbenospeedyrecoveryformentalpatients.B)Approachestohealingpatientsareessentiallythesame.C)Themindandbodyshouldbetakenasanintegralwhole.D)Thereisnocleardivisionoflaborinthemedicalprofession.31.A)Adoctor'sfamestrengthensthepatients'faithinthem.B)Abuseofmedicinesiswidespreadinmanyurbanhospitals.C)Onethirdofthepatientsdependonharmlesssubstancesforcure.D)Apatient5sexpectationsofadrughaveaneffectontheirrecovery.32.A)Expensivedrugsmaynotprovethemosteffective.B)Theworkingsofthemindmayhelppatientsrecover.C)Doctorsoftenexaggeratetheeffectoftheirremedies.D)Mosti1Inessescanbecuredwithoutmedication.

62PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.29.A)Enjoyingstrongfeelingsandemotions.B)Defyingal1dangerswhentheyhaveto.C)Beingfondofmakingsensationalnews.D)Dreamingofbecomingfamousoneday.30.A)Workinginanemergencyroom.B)Watchinghorrormovies.C)Listeningtorockmusic.D)Doingdailyroutines.31.A)Arockclimber.B)Apsychologist.C)Aresidentdoctor.D)AcareerconsultantSectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofi11intheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Ifyou're1ikemostpeople,you'veindulgedinfake1isteningmanytimes.Yougotohistoryclass,sitinthethirdrow,andlook(36)attheinstructorasshespeaks.Butyourmindisfaraway,(37)inthecloudsofpleasantdaydreams(38)youcomebacktoearth:theinstructorwritesanimportanttermonthechalkboard,andyou(39)copyitinyournotebook.Everyonceinawhiletheinstructormakesa(40)remark,causingothersintheclasstolaugh.Yousmilepolitely,pretendingthatyou'veheardtheremarkandfounditmiIdly(41)Youhaveavaguesenseof(42)thatyouaren'tpayingcloseattention,butyoutel1yourselfthatany(43)youmisscanbepickedupfromafriendzsnotes.Besides,(44)Sobackyougointoyourprivatelittleworld.Onlylaterdoyourealizeyou'vemissedimportantinformationforatest.Fake1isteningmaybeeasilyexposed,sincemanyspeakersaresensitivetofacialcuesandcantellifyou'remerelypretendingto1isten.(45)Evenifyou'renotexposed,there,sanotherreasontoavoidfakery:it'seasyforthis

63behaviortobecomeahabit.Forsomepeople,thehabitissodeeplyrootedthat(46)Asaresult,theymisslotsofvaluableinformationTest21PartHIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissectionyouwi11hear8shortconversationsand2longconversations

64Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoice,markedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingle1inethroughthecentre.11.A)ThemanmightbeabletoplayintheWorldCup.B)Theman'sfootballcareerseemstobeatanend.C)Themanwasoperatedonafewweeksago.D)Themanisafanofworld-famousfootballplayers.12.A)Workoutaplantotightenhisbudget.B)Findouttheopeninghoursofthecafeteria.C)Applyforaseniorpositionontherestaurant.D)Solvehisproblembydoingapart-timejob.13.A)Afinancialburden.B)Agoodcompanion.C)Arealnuisance.D)Awell-trainedpet.14.A)Theerrorswi11becorrectedsoon.B)Thewomanwasmistakenherself.C)Thecomputingsystemistoocomplex.D)Hehascalledthewomanseveraltimes.15.A)Heneedshelptoretrievehisfiles.B)Hehastotypehispaperoncemore.C)Heneedssometimetopolishhispaper.D)Hewi11beawayforatwo-weekconference.16.A)Theymighthavetochangetheirplan.B)Hehasgoteverythingsetfortheirtrip.C)Hehasaheavierworkloadthanthewoman.D)Theycouldstayinthemountainsunti1June8.17.A)Theyhavetowaitamonthtoapplyforastudentloan.B)Theycanfindtheapplicationformsinthebrochure.C)Theyarenoteligibleforastudentloan.D)Theyarenotlateforaloanapplication.18.A)NewlawsareyettobemadetoreducepollutantreleaseB)Pollutionhasattractedlittleattentionfromthepublic.C)Thequalityofairwi11surelychangeforthebetter.D)It'lltakeyearstobringairpollutionundercontrol.Questions19to22arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Enormoussizeofitsstores.B)Numerousvarietiesoffood.

65B)Itsappealingsurroundings.C)Itsrichandcolorfulhistory.11.A)AnancientbuiIding.B)Aworldofantiques.C)AnEgyptianmuseum.D)AnEgyptianmemorial.12.A)Itspowerbillreaches£9millionayear.B)11sellsthousandsoflightbulbsaday.C)Itsuppliespowertoanearbytown.D)Itgenerates70%oftheelectricityituses13.A)11,500.B)30,000.C)250,000.D)300,000Questions23to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.14.A)Transferringtoanotherdepartment.B)Studyingaccountingatauniversity.C)Thinkingaboutdoingadifferentjob.D)Makingpreparationsforherwedding.15.A)Shehasfinallygotapromotionandapayraise.B)Shehasgotasatisfactoryjobinanothercompany.C)Shecouldatlastleavetheaccountingdepartment.D)Shemanagedtokeepherpositioninthecompany.16.A)HeandAndreahaveprovedtobeaperfectmatch.B)Hechangedhismindaboutmarriageunexpectedly.C)Hedeclaredthathewouldremainsingleal1hislife.D)HewouldmarryAndreaevenwithoutmeetingher.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingle1inethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)Theyaremotorcyclesdesignatedforwatersports.B)Theyarespeedyboatsrestrictedinnarrowwaterways.C)Theyarebecominganefficientformofwatertransportation.D)Theyaregettingmorepopularasameansofwaterrecreation27.A)Waterscooteroperators,lackofexperience.

66B)Vacationers,disregardofwatersafetyrules.C)Overloadingofsmal1boatsandothercraft.D)Carelessnessofpeopleboatingalongtheshore.28.A)Theyscarewhalestodeath.B)Theyproducetoomuchnoise.C)Theydischargetoxicemissions.D)Theyendangerlotsofwater1ife.29.A)Expandoperatingareas.B)Restrictoperatinghours.C)Limittheuseofwaterscooters.D)Enforcenecessaryregulations.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.A)Theyarestable.B)Theyareclose.C)Theyarestrained.D)Theyarechanging.31.A)Theyarefullyoccupiedwiththeirownbusiness.B)Notmanyofthemstayinthesameplaceforlong.C)Notmanyofthemcanwintrustfromtheirneighbors.D)Theyattachlessimportancetointerpersonalrelations.32.A)Countoneachotherforhelp.B)Giveeachotheracoldshoulder.C)Keepafriendlydistance.D)Buildafencebetweenthem.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.33.A)Itmayproduceanincreasingnumberofidleyoungsters.B)ItmayaffectthequalityofhighereducationinAmerica.C)Itmaycausemanyschoolstogooutofoperation.D)Itmayleadtoalackofproperlyeducatedworkers.34.A)11islessseriousincitiesthaninruralareas.B)Itaffectsbothjuniorandseniorhighschools.C)Itresultsfromaworseningeconomicclimate.D)ItisanewchallengefacingAmericaneducators35.A)AllowingthemtochoosetheirfavoriteteachersB)Creatingamorerelaxedlearningenvironment.C)Rewardingexcellentacademicperformance.D)Helpingthemtodevelopbetterstudyhabits.SectionC

67Directions:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofi11intheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.I'minterestedinthecriminaljusticesystemofourcountry.Itseemstomethatsomethinghastobedone,ifwe'reto(36)acountry.Icertainlydon'tknowwhattheanswerstoourproblemsare.Thingscertainlyget(37)inahurrywhenyougetintothem,butIwonderifsomethingcouldn,tbedonetodealwithsomeoftheseproblems.OnethingI'mconcernedaboutisourpracticeofputting(38)injailwhohaven'tharmedanyone.Whynotworkoutsomesystem(39)theycanpaybackthedebtstheyowesocietyinsteadof(40)anotherdebtbygoingtoprisonand,ofcourse,comingunderthe(41)ofhardenedcriminals,rmalsoconcernedabouttheshortprisonsentencespeopleare(42)forseriouscrimes.Ofcourseonea1ternativetothisisto(43)capitalpunishment,butI'mnotsureIwouldbeforthat.I'mnotsureit'srighttotakeaneyeforaneye.(44)Ialsothinkwemustdosomethingabouttheinsanityplea.Inmyopinion,anyonewhotakesanotherperson?slifeintentiona1lyisinsane;however,(45)It'ssad,ofcourse,thatapersonmayhavetospendtherestofhislife,or(46)Test22PartHIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissectionyouwi11hear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.11.A)Heisquiteeasytorecognize.B)Heisanoutstandingspeaker.C)Helookslikeamoviestar.D)Helooksyoungforhisage.

6811.A)Consultherdancingteacher.B)Takeamoreinterestingclass.C)Continueherdancingclass.D)Improveherdancingski1Is.12.A)Themandidnotbelievewhatthewomansaid.B)Themanaccompaniedthewomantothehospital.C)Thewomanmaybesufferingfromrepetitivestraininjury.D)Thewomanmaynothavefollowedthedoctor,sinstructions13.A)Theyarenotinstyleanymore.B)Theyhavecosthimfartoomuch.C)Theynolongersuithiseyesight.D)Theyshouldbecleanedregularly.14.A)Hespi1ledhisdrinkontothefloor.B)Hehasjustfinishedwipingthefloor.C)Hewascaughtinashoweronhiswayhome.D)Herushedoutofthebathtoanswerthephone.15.A)Fixingsomefurniture.B)Repairingthetoytrain.C)Readingtheinstructions.D)Assemblingthebookcase.16.A)UrgeJennytospendmoretimeonstudy.B)HelpJennytoprepareforthecomingexams.C)ActtowardsJennyinamoresensibleway.D)SendJennytoavolleybal1trainingcenter.17.A)ThebuiIdingofthedamneedsalargebudget.B)Theproposedsiteisneartheresidentialarea.C)Thelocalpeoplefeelinsecureaboutthedam.D)ThedamposesathreattothelocalenvironmentQuestions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.18.A)Itsawtheendofitsboomingyearsworldwide.B)Itsproductionandsalesreachedrecordlevels.C)Itbecamepopularinsomeforeigncountries.D)Itsdomesticmarketstartedtoshrinkrapidly.19.A)Theycostless.B)Theytastedbetter.C)Theywereinfashion.D)Theywerewidelyadvertised.20.A)Itissuretofluctuate.B)Itisboundtorevive.C)Itwi11remainbasicallystable.

69B)Itwillseenomoremonopoly.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.11.A)Organisingprotests.B)Recruitingmembers.C)Actingasitsspokesman.D)Savingendangeredanimals.12.A)Anti-anima1-abusedemonstrations.B)SurveyingtheAtlanticOceanfloor.C)Anti-nuclearcampaigns.D)Removingindustrialwaste.13.A)Byharassingthem.B)Byappealingtothepublic.C)Bytakinglega1action.D)Byresortingtoforce.14.A)Doubtful.B)Reserved.C)Indifferent.D)Supportive.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwi11hearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingle1inethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.15.A)Theairbecomesstill.B)Theairpressureislow.C)Thecloudsblockthesun.D)Theskyappearsbrighter.16.A)Ancientpeoplewerebetteratforetel1ingtheweather.B)Sailors'sayingsabouttheweatherareunreliable.C)Peopleknewlongagohowtopredicttheweather.D)Itwaseasiertoforecasttheweatherintheolddays.17.A)Weatherforecastisgettingmoreaccuratetoday.B)Peoplecanpredicttheweatherbytheirsenses.C)Whoaretherealexpertsinweatherforecast.D)Weatherchangesaffectpeople,sliferemarkably.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.A)Theyoftenfeelinsecureabouttheirjobs.

70B)Theyareunabletodecidewhattodofirst.C)Theyareincompetenttofulfi11theirresponsibilitiesD)Theyfeelburdenedwithnumeroustaskseveryday11.A)Analyzethemrationally.B)Drawadetailedto-dolist.C)Turntoothersforhelp.D)Handlethemonebyone.12.A)Theyhaveaccomplished1ittle.B)Theyfeelutterlyexhausted.C)Theyhaveworkedoutawaytorelax.D)Theynolongerfeelanysenseofguilt.PassageThreeQuestions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.13.A)Theirperformancemayimprove.B)Theirimmunesystemmaybereinforced.C)Theirbloodpressuremayriseallofasudden.D)Theirphysicaldevelopmentmaybeenhanced14.A)Improvedmentalfunctioning.B)Increasedsusceptibi1itytodisease.C)Speedingupofbloodcirculation.D)Reductionofstress-relatedhormones.15.A)Pretendtobeinbettershape.B)Havemorephysicalexercise.C)Turnmoreoftentofriendsforhelp.D)Paymoreattentiontobodilysensations.16.A)Differentapproachestocopingwithstress.B)Variouscausesforserioushealthproblems.C)Therelationshipbetweenstressandi1Iness.D)Newfindingofmedicalresearchonstress.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgenera1idea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofi11intheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Oneofthemostcommonimagesofanadvanced,Western-stylecultureisthatofabusy,traffic-fi1ledcity.Sincetheirfirst(36)onAmericanroadways,automobileshavebecomea(37)ofprogress,asourceof

71thousandsofjobs,andanalmostina1ienablerightforcitizens'persona1freedomofmovement.Inrecent(38),ournloveaffair11withthecarisbeing(39)directlytothedevelopingworld,anditisincreasingly(40).thatthistransferisleadingtodisaster.America'salmostcompletedependenceonautomobileshasbeenaterriblemistakeAslateasthe1950s,alarge(41)oftheAmericanpublicusedmasstransit.A(42)ofpublicpolicydecisionsandcorporateschemingsawtoitthatcountless(43)andefficienturbanstreetcarandintra-cityrailsystemsweredismantled(拆除).(44)Our1iveshavebeenplannedalongaroadgrid—homesfarfromwork,shoppingfarfromeverything,withuglystretchesofconcreteandblacktopinbetween.DevelopingcountriesarecopyingWestern-styletransportationsystemsdowntothelastdetail.(45)Pollution-controlmeasuresareeithernotstrictornonexistent,leadingtochokingcloudsofsmog.Gasolinestillcontainslead,whichisextremelypoisonoustohumans.(46)Inadditiontopollutionandtrafficjams,autosafetyisacriticalissueindevelopingnations.Test23PartHIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissectionyouwi11hear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingle1inethroughthecentre.11.A)Fredforgottocallhimlastnightaboutthecampingtrip.B)HeisnotgoingtolendhissleepingbagtoFred.C)HehasnotseenFredatthegymforsometime.D)Fredmayhaveborrowedasleepingbagfromsomeoneelse12.A)Summerhasbecomehotterinrecentyears.B)Itwillcooldownabitovertheweekend.C)Swimminginapoolhasarelaxingeffect.D)Hehopestheweatherforecastisaccurate.13.A)TakingapictureofProf.Brown.

72B)Commentingonanoil-painting.C)HostingaTVprogram.D)Stagingaperformance.11.A)Shecanhelpthemantakecareoftheplants.B)Mostplantsgrowbetterindirectsunlight.C)Theplantsneedtobewateredfrequently.D)Theplantsshouldbeplacedinashadyspot.12.A)Changetoamoreexcitingchannel.B)Seethemoviesomeothertime.C)Gotobedearly.D)Stayuptilleleven.13.A)Bothofthemarelaymenofmodemart.B)Shehaslearnedtoappreciatemodernsculptures.C)Italianartistszworksaredifficulttounderstand.D)Modernartistsaregenera1lyconsideredweird.14.A)Theyseemsatisfiedwithwhattheyhavedone.B)Theyhavecalledallclubmemberstocontribute.C)TheythinkthedaycanbecalledamemorableoneD)Theyfindithardtoraisemoneyforthehospital.15.A)Themanshouldn,thesitatetotakethecourse.B)Themanshouldtalkwiththeprofessorfirst.C)Thecourseisn,topentoundergraduates.D)Thecoursewi11requirealotofreading.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.16.A)Currenttrendsineconomicdevelopment.B)Domesticissuesofgeneralsocialconcern.C)StoriesaboutBritain'srelationswithothernations.D)Conflictsandcompromisesamongpoliticalparties.17.A)Basedonthepollsofpublicopinions.B)Byinterviewingpeoplewhofilecomplaints.C)Byanalysingthedomesticandinternaliona1situation.D)Basedonpublicexpectationsandeditors'judgment.18.A)Underlyingrulesofediting.B)Practicalexperience.C)Audience7sfeedback.D)Professionalqualifications.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)Theaveragelifespanwaslessthan50years.B)11wasverycommonforthemtohave12chiIdren.C)Theyretiredfromworkmuchearlierthantoday.

73B)Theywerequiteoptimisticabouttheirfuture.11.A)Getreadyforecologicalchanges.B)Adapttothenewenvironment.C)Learntousenewtechnology.D)Explorewaystostayyoung.12.A)Whena11womengoouttowork.B)Whenfamilyplanningisenforced.C)Whenaworldgovernmentissetup.D)Whenallpeoplebecomewealthier.13.A)Eliminatepovertyandinjustice.B)Migratetootherplanets.C)Controltheenvironment.D)FindinexhaustibleresourcesSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwi11hearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Tohelpyoungpeopleimprovetheirdrivingskills.B)Toalertteenagerstothedangersofrecklessdriving.C)Toteachyoungpeopleroadmannersthroughvideotapes.D)Toshowteensthepenaltiesimposedoncarelessdrivers.15.A)Roadaccidents.B)Streetviolence.C)Drugabuse.D)Lungcancer.16.A)Ithaschangedteens7wayoflife.B)Ithasmadeteensfeel1ikeadults.C)Ithasaccomplisheditsobjective.D)Ithasbeensupportedbyparents.PassageTwoQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.A)CustomersmaygetaddictedtothesmelIs.B)Customersmaybemisledbythesmells.C)Ithidesthedefectsofcertaingoods.D)Itgivesrisetounfaircompetition.18.A)Flexible.

74B)Critical.C)Supportive.D)Cautious.11.A)Theflowerscentstimulatedpeople7sdesiretobuy.B)StrongersmelIshadgreatereffectsonconsumers.C)Mostshoppershatedthesmel1intheshoestore.D)84%ofthecustomerswereunawareofthesmells.

75PassageThreeQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.A)Agoodstrainhitabuscarryingmanypassengers.B)Twopassengertrainscrashedintoeachother.C)Apassengertraincol1idedwithagoodstrain.D)Anexpresstrainwasderailedwhenhitbyabomb.12.A)Therescueoperationshavenotbeenveryeffective.B)Morethan300injuredpassengerswerehospitalized.C)Thecauseofthetragicaccidentremainsunknown.D)Theexactcasualtyfiguresarenotyetavailable.34.A)Therewasabombscare.B)Therewasaterroristattack.D)Afirealarmwassetoffbymistake.E)50poundsofexplosiveswerefound.35.A)Followpolicemen,sdirections.B)Keepaneyeontheweather.C)Avoidsnow-coveredroads.D)Drivewithspecialcare.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshouldlistencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofi11intheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.Englishistheleadinginternationallanguage.Indifferentcountriesaroundtheglobe,Englishisacquiredasthemother(36),inothersifsusedasasecondlanguage.SomenationsuseEnglishastheir(37)language,performingthefunctionof(38);inothersit'susedasaninternationallanguageforbusiness,(39)andindustry.Whatfactorsandforceshaveledtothe(40)ofEnglish7WhyisEnglishnowconsideredtobesoprestigiousthat,acrosstheglobe,individualsandsocietiesfeel(41)iftheydonothave(42)inthislanguage?HowhasEnglishchangedthrough1,500youstudyEnglish.Youalsoyears?Thesearesomeofthequestionsthatyou(43)whenexaminetheimmensevariabi1ityofEnglishand(44)Youdevelopin-depthknowledgeoftheintricatestructureofthelanguage.Whydosomenon-nativespeakersofEnglishclaimthatitzsadifficultlanguagetolearn,while(45)

76?AttheUniversityofSussex,youareintroducedtothenatureandgrammarofEnglishina11itsaspects.Thisinvolvesthestudyofsoundstructures,theformationofwords,thesequencingofwordsandtheconstructionofmeaning,aswellasexaminationofthetheoriesexplainingtheseaspectsofEnglishusage.(46),whichareraisedbystudyinghowspeakersandwritersemployEnglishforawidevarietyofpurposes.Test24PartHIListeningComprehension(35minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissectionyouwi11hear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswi11beaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewi11beapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD),anddecidewhichisthebestanswer.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingle1inethroughthecentre.11.A)Theywouldrathertravelaroundthanstayathome.B)Theyprefertocarrycashwhentravelingabroad.C)Theyusuallycarrymanythingsaroundwiththem.DTheydon't1iketospendmuchmoneyontraveling.12.A)Theselectionprocesswasalittleunfair.B)Hehadlongdreamedofthedean'sposition.C)Rodwaseliminatedintheselectionprocess.D)Rodwasinchargeoftheadmissionsoffice.13.A)Applauseencouragesthesinger.B)Sheregretspayingfortheconcert.C)Almosteveryonelovespopmusic.D)Theconcertisveryimpressive.14.A)TheyhaveknowneachothersincetheirschooldaysB)Theywerebothchairpersonsofthestudents,unionC)Theyhavebeeninclosetouchbyemail.D)Theyaregoingtoholdareunionparty.15.A)CooktheirdinnerB)Restforawhile.C)Gettheircarfixed.D)Stopforthenight.16.A)Newly-launchedproducts.B)Consumerpreferences.C)Surveyresults.D)Surveymethods.17.A)Hewouldratherthewomandidn'tbuytheblouse.B)ThewomanneedsblousesinthecolorsofarainbowC)TheinformationinthecatalogisnotaIwaysreliable.D)Hethinkstheblueblouseisbetterthantheredone.

7714.A)Thecourseisopentoal1nextsemester.B)Thenoticemaynotbereliable.C)Thewomanhasnottoldthetruth.D)Hewi11drophiscourseinmarketing.Questions19to21arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.15.A)Adirectorofasalesdepartment.B)Amanageratacomputerstore.C)Asalesclerkatashoppingcenter.D)Anaccountantofacomputerfirm.16.A)Handlingcustomercomplaints.B)Recruitingandtrainingnewstaff.C)Dispatchingorderedgoodsontime.D)Developingcomputerprograms.17.A)She1ikessomethingmorecha1lengingB)Shelikestobenearertoherparents.C)Shewantstohaveabetter-paidjob.D)Shewantstobewithherhusband.18.A)Rightaway.B)Intwomonths.C)Earlynextmonth.D)Inacoupleofdays.Questions22to25arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.19.A)11wi11facechallengesunprecedentedinitshistory.B)Itisaresoluteadvocateoftheanti-globalmovement.C)Itisboundtoregainitsful1gloryofahundredyearsago.D)11wi11beamajoreconomicpowerbythemid-21stcentury.20.A)Thelackofoverallurbanplanning.B)Thehugegapbetweenthehavesandhave-notsC)Theinadequatesupplyofwaterandelectricity.D)Theshortageofhi-techpersonnel.21.A)Theyattachgreatimportancetoeducation.B)Theyareabletograspgrowthopportunities.C)Theyaregoodatlearningfromothernations.D)Theyhavemadeuseofadvancedtechnologies.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hear3shortpassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwi11hearsomequestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswi11bespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasingle1inethroughthecentre.

78PassageOneQuestions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.A)Shetaughtchemistryandmicrobiologycoursesinacollege.B)Shegavelecturesonhowtobecomeapublicspeaker.C)Shehelpedfamiliesmoveawayfromindustrialpolluters.D)Sheengagedinfieldresearchonenvironmentalpollution.15.A)Thejobrestrictedherfromrevealingherfindings.B)Thejobposedapotentia1threattoherhea1th.C)Shefoundtheworkingconditionsfrustrating.D)Shewasofferedabetterjobinaminoritycommunity.16.A)Somegiantindustrialpollutershavegoneoutofbusiness.B)Moreenvironmentalorganizationshaveappeared.C)ManytoxicsitesinAmericahavebeencleanedup,D)Morebranchesofhercompanyhavebeensetup.17.A)HerwidespreadinfluenceamongmembersofCongress.B)Herabi1itytocommunicatethroughpublicspeaking.C)Herrigoroustrainingindeliveringeloquentspeeches.D)Herlifelongcommitmenttodomesticandglobalissues.PassageTwoQuestions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.A)Thefiercecompetitioninthemarket.B)Thegrowingnecessityofstafftraining.C)Theacceleratedpaceofglobalisation.D)Theurgentneedofadiverseworkforce.19.A)Gainadeepunderstandingoftheirownculture.B)Takecoursesofforeignlanguagesandcultures.C)SharetheexperiencesofpeoplefromotherculturesD)Participateininternationalexchangeprogrammes.20.A)Reflectivethinkingisbecomingcritical.B)Thelabourmarketisgettingglobalised.C)Knowingaforeignlanguageisessential.D)Globalisationwi11eliminatemanyjobs.PassageThreeQuestions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.21.A)Red-hairedwomenwereregardedasmorereliable.B)Brown-hairedwomenwereratedasmorecapable.C)Golden-hairedwomenwereconsideredattractive.D)Black-hairedwomenwerejudgedtobeintel1igent.22.A)Theyaresmartandeloquent.B)Theyareambitiousandarrogant.

79B)Theyareshrewdanddishonest.C)Theyarewealthyandindustrious.14.A)Theyforcepeopletofollowthecultura1mainstream.B)Theyexaggeratetherolesofcertaingroupsofpeople.C)Theyemphasizediversityattheexpenseofuniformity.D)Theyhinderourperceptionofindividua1differences.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwi11hearapassagethreetimes.Whenthepassageisreadforthefirsttime,youshould1istencarefullyforitsgeneralidea.Whenthepassageisreadforthesecondtime,youarerequiredtofi11intheblanksnumberedfrom36to43withtheexactwordsyouhavejustheard.Forblanksnumberedfrom44to46youarerequiredtofillinthemissinginformation.Fortheseblanks,youcaneitherusetheexactwordsyouhavejustheardorwritedownthemainpointsinyourownwords.Finally,whenthepassageisreadforthethirdtime,youshouldcheckwhatyouhavewritten.TheancientGreeksdevelopedbasicmemorysystemscalledMnemonics.Thenameis(36)fromtheirGoddessofMemory,Mnemosene.Intheancientworld,atrainedmemorywasan(37)asset,particularlyinpubliclife.Therewereno(38)devicesfortakingnotesandearlyGreekorators(演说家)deliveredlongspeecheswithgreat(39)becausetheylearnedthespeechesusingMnemonicsystems.TheGreeksdiscoveredthathumanmemoryis(40)anassociativeprocess-thatitworksbylinkingthingstogether.Forexample,thinkofanapple.The(41)yourbrainregisterstheword'apple',it(42)theshape,colour,taste,smelland(43)ofthatfruit.Allthesethingsareassociatedinyourmemorywiththeword'apple'(44)Anexamplecouldbewhenyouthinkaboutalectureyouhavehad.Thiscouldtriggeramemoryaboutwhatyouweretalkingaboutthroughthatlecture,whichcanthentriggeranothermemory.(45)AnexamplegivenonawebsiteIwaslookingatfollows:DoyouremembertheshapeofAustria,Canada,Belgium,orGermany?Probablynot.WhataboutItaly,though?(46)Youmadeanassociationwithsomethingalreadyknown,theshapeofaboot,andItaly)sshapecouldnotbeforgottenonceyouhadmadetheassociation.

80笫二部分听力部分文字材料Test1SectionA1.M:Congratulations.Youcertainlydidquitewel1andImustsayyoudeservethatgrade.W:Well,Ireallystudiedhardforthatexam.I*vebeenpreparingforitformorethanamonth.Now,Icanrelaxforawhile.Q:Whyisthewomansohappy?2.M:It'shardtobelievethatSusanhasa1readyfinishedherhomework.W:Well,shecopiedJack'shomeworkandmadeafewchanges.Q:WhatdoesthewomansayaboutSusan?3.W：Mr.Johnson,haveyouheardthemorningnewsreport?Mi11hasresignedhispostasPrimeMinister.M:Ididn'tturnontheradiothismorning,butIdidseetheheadlines.Ifyouremember,hethreatenedtoleaveofficeatthelastcabinetmeeting.Q:HowdidMr.JohnsonlearnthatthePrimeMinisterhasresigned?4.M:Ifyouareinahurry,youcantakethesubway.Ifyouwanttogosightseeing,takeabus.W：Actually,Idon,thavetobeattheconferencebeforenoon.Q:Whatwi11thewomanprobablydo?5.W:Howdidyourinterviewgo?M:Icouldn,tfeelbetteraboutit.ThequestionswereveryfairandIseemedtofindanswersforallofthem.Q:Howdoesthemanfeelabouttheinterview?6.W:Izmveryimpressedbyal1theworkyou,vedoneonyourhouse,Mr.Miller.Howlonghaveyoubeenworkingonit?M:Ifirstbecameinterestedindoingthingsmyselfseveralyearsago.I'vebeendoingsomethingoniteverynowandthenforaImostayearnow.Youknow,Icouldn'taffordtopayworkmentodoit.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutMr.Miller?7.W：IjustmadeajarofjamthismorningandnowIcan'tfinditanywhere.Doyouknowwhathappenedtoit?M:Didyouhearacrash?Thatwasit!I'mjustasclumsyaseverQ:Whatistheproblem?8.W：Ireadinthenewspaperthatthenovelyouarereadingisexcellent.M:rvealsoreadsomenegativereviews.Q:Whatcanbelearnedfromtheconversation?9.W：Johntoldmehehadgotasecond-handcar,doyouknowhowmuchhepaidforit?

81M:Well,hesaidhepaid800dollarsforit.Ithinkhegotarealbargain.Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkofthepriceofthecar?1.M:Hello,thisisdoctorMaritafromtheemergencydepartment.Ihavea70-yearoldpatientwithafracturedankle.W:OK,sendhimtoward3.Q:Whataretheytalkingaboutonthephone?SectionBPassageOneMostpeoplehavehadadogorwantedoneastheircompanionatsometimeintheir1ives.Ifyouarethinkingofbuyingadog,however,youshouldfirstdecidewhatsortofcompanionyouneedandwhetherthedogis1ikelytobehappyinthesurroundingsyoucanprovide.Specialistadviceisavailabletohelpyouchoosethemostsuitablebreedofdog.Butinpart,thedecisiondependsoncommonsense.Mostbreedswereoriginallydevelopedtoperformspecifictasks.So,ifyouwantadogtoprotectyouoryourhouse,forexample,youshouldchooseabreedthathastherightsizeandcharacteristics.Youmusta1sobereadytodevoteagooddealoftimetotrainthedogwhenitisyoungandgiveittheexerciseitneedsthroughoutitslife,unlessyouliveinthecountryandcanletitrunfreely.Dogsaredemandingpets.Whereascatsidentifywiththehouseandsoarecontentiftheirplacethereissecure,adogidentifieswithitsmasterandconsequentlywantshimtoshowproofofhisaffection.Thebesttimetobuyababy-dogiswhenitisbetween6and8weeksoldsothatitcantransferitsaffectionfromitsmothertoitsmaster.Ifbabydogshavenotestablishedarelationshipwiththehumanbeingunti1theyareoverthreemonthsold,theirstrongerrelationshipwi11aIwaysbewithdogs.Theyare1ikelytobetooshywhentheyarebroughtoutintotheworldtobecomegoodpets.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.2.Whatismentionedasaconsiderationinbuyingadog?3.Whydoesthespeakersayadogisamoredemandingpetthanacat?4.Whyisitadvisedtobuybabydogsunderthreemonthsold?PassageTwoPeopleinPolandtaketheirpleasureseriously.Theyliketohaveanaimevenwhenspendingthetimewhichisentirelytheirown.Duringthesummer,peoplestartworkveryearlyinthemorningsothattheycanfinishearlyandenjoyaleisurelyafternoon.ItisdifficulttoimaginePolishpeoplegoingaimlesslyforawalkinthecountry,thoughtheymightgotopickwiIdfruit,tovisitaplaceofhistorica1importanceortowalk20KMasatrainingexercise.Theyareoftenadmiredfortheirimmenseenjoymentofthearts.Al1theparksarebeautifullykeptandarefortheuseandenjoymentofthepeople.Quite

82ordinarypeoplewi11talkwithobviousdelightaboutconcerts.Thereisnearlyalwaysacrowdatthedoorofthetheatre,askingforreturnedtickets.PeopleinPolandnowhavefarmoreleisuretimeandmoremoneythaneverbefore.11isthereforepossibletospendtheweekendsinmanynewways.Manypeoplenowhaveover20dayshoiidayayear.Thisprovidesanopportunityforhoiidaysinthecountryorattheseaside.Questions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.1.WhatisspecialaboutthePolishwayofspendingleisuretime?2.ForwhatdoestheauthoradmirethePolishpeople?3.Whatdowelearnfromthepassage?PassageThreeWhatkindofcarwi11webedrivingbytheyear2010?Ratherdifferentfromthetypeweknowtoday.Withthenextdecadebringinggreaterchangethanthepast50years,thepeoplewhowi11bedesigningthemodelsoftomorrowbelievethatenvironmentalproblemsmaywel1acceleratethepaceofthecar'sdevelopment.Thevisionisthatofamachinewith3wheelsinsteadof4,electrica1ly-powered,environmentallycleanandabletodriveitselfalongintelligentroads,equippedwithbui1t-inpowersupplies.Futurecarswi11pickuptheirfuelduringlongjourniesfromapowersourcebuiltintotheroad,orstoredinsmal1quantitiesfortravellinginthecity.Insteadoftoday,sseatingarrangementtwoinfront,twoorthreebehind,al1facingforward,the2010carwi11haveaninteriorwithadultsandchiIdreninafamilycircle.Thisviewofthefuturecarisbasedonamuchmoresophisticatedroadsystem.Carswi11beautomaticallycontrolledbyacomputer.Al1thedriverwi11havetodoissaywheretogoandthecomputerwi11dotherest.Itwi11becomeimpossibleforcarstocrashintooneanother.Thetechnologyalreadyexistsforthecartobecomeatrueautomobile.Questions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.4.Whatisthedesigner5svisionofthecarsoftomorrow?5.Whatelsedoesthepassagetel1usaboutthefuturecars?6.Whatistheseatingarrangementforfuturecars?7.Whatistheonlythingthedriverofthefuturecarhastodo?Test2SectionA8.W：It'sapityyoumissedtheconcertyesterdayevening.11waswonderful.M:Ididn'twanttomissthefootbal1game.Well,I'mnotaclassicalmusicfananyway.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?9.W：Hey,ifyoucan'tenjoythatatasensiblevolume,pleaseuseearphones.I'mtryingtostudy.M:Oh,I'msorry.Ididn'trealizeitwasbotheringyou.Q:Whatisthemanprobablydoing?10.M:CanIhelpyou,Ms?W:Yes,Iboughtthistelephonelastweek.Anditworksallrightwithout-goingcalls,

83butitdoesn,tringforthein-comingones.Q:What'stheproblemwiththewoman'stelephone?1.W:IthoughtTomsaidhegotAsina11histests.M:Mary,youshouldknowbetterthantotakeTom'swordstooseriously.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?2.W：Canyoushowmehowtousethis,John?M:It'sfullyautomatic.Al1youhavetodoisfocusonthesceneandpressthebuttonhere.Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?3.M:Ithinkweshouldmoveontothenextitern.W：OK,butI'd1iketotakethismatterupagainattheendofthemeeting.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?4.W：Youknow,theBrownshaveinvestedal1theirmoneyinstocks.M:Theymaythinkthat'sawisemove.Butthat'sthelastthingI'ddo.Q:What'stheman'sopinionabouttheBrowns,investment?5.M:WhatisMr.PetersongoingtodowithhisoldhouseonLondonRoad,rentitorsellit?W:Iheardhe'sthinkingofturningitintoarestaurant,whichisn'tabadideabecauseit,sstillasolidbuilding.Q:Whatwi11Mr.Petersondowithhisoldhouse?6.M:Howdoyou1ikeProfessorBockman,scourseontheHistoryofPhilosophy?Heisadistinguishedscholaronthatsubject.W:Heisagreatteacher,butI'mhavingahardtimewiththereadinglist.IfeelIcan,teverfinishit.Q:Whatproblemdoesthewomanhavewiththecourse?7.W:Robertwantstoknowifhecangowithustotheparty.M:That'sodd.Thismorninghesaidhewantedtogobyhimself.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutRobert?SectionBPresidentClintonlatertodayjoins(SI)formerpresidentsFord,CarterandBushatnthepresident'ssummitforAmerica'sfuture"(S2)aimedatrecruitingonemi11ionvolunteertutorstoprovideafter-school,weekendandsummerreadinghelpforuptothreemi11ionchildren.Mr.Clintonwi11askCongressthiscomingweekfornearlythree(S3)billiondollarstofundafive-yearprogramcalled"AmericaReads".Theprogramwouldfundthe(S4)coordinationeffortsof20thousandreading(S5)specialistsanditwouldalsogive(S6)grantstohelpparentshelpchildrenreadbythethirdgrade,oraboutageeight.DuringhisSaturdayradio(S7)address,thepresidentexplainedwhytheprogramisimportant:"Weneed'AmericaReads'andweneeditnow.Studiesshowthatifthefourth-gradersfailtoreadwell.(58)They'relikelytodropoutofschoolandlesslikelytosucceedinlife.

84But40percentofthemstillcan'treadatabasiclevel."Volunteertutors,whoprovidecommunityserviceinexchangeforcollegefunding,arebeingusedin1iteracyandtutoringprograms.(58)Theprogram,initiatedbyPresidentClinton,hascomeundercriticismbyCongress.ThepresidentsaysmanyofthePhiladelphiasummit'scorporatesponsorswi11recruittutors.(510)Dozensofcollegesanduniversitiesarepreparedtosendthousandsoftheirstudentsinsupportoftheprogram.Test3SectionA1.M:IhopeIwon'toversleep.I'vesimplygottocatchthefirstflighttoNewYork.W:IfIwereyou,Vdrequestthewake-upca11fromthehotelreceptions.Q:Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodo?2.M:Next,shouldn,twegetatelephoneinstalledinthehall?W:Fixingtheshowerpipeisfarmoreimportant.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?3.M:rvenoticedyougetlettersfromCanadafromtimetotime.Wouldyoumindsavingthestampsforme?Mysistercollectsthem.W：Myroommatezsalreadyaskedforthem.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?4.M:Whatzsthematter?You'vebeensittingthereforagesjuststaringintospace.W:ItoldtheBrowningsI'dsendthemapostcard.NowIdonztknowwhattosay.Q:Whatisthewomandoing?5.M:Mychemistryprojectisintrouble.MypartnerandIhavetotallydifferentideasabouthowtoproceed.W:Youshouldtrytomeeteachotherhalfway.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggest?6.M:rmfrustrated.WearesupposedtodoourassignmentonthecomputerbutIhavedifficultygettingaccesstothecomputersinthe1ibrary.W:Iunderstandthewayyoufeel.I’mlookingforwardtothedaywhenIcanaffordtogetmyown.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?7.M:Thevisitingeconomistisspeakingtonight,butDr.Johnsondoesn'tseemtothinkmuchofhim.

85W：That*sbecauseDr.Johnsoncomesfromtheentirelydifferentschoolofthought.Q:Whatdowelearnfromthewoman,sremark?1.M:I'msorryImissedthefootbal1game,butIhadaterriblecold.W:Youdidnztmissanything.Wecouldn71haveplayedworse.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?2.M:IthinkVmgoingtogiveupplayingtennis.Ilostthegametoday.W:Justbecauseyoulost,isthatthereasontoquit?Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?3.M:Jane,whatwouldyoudoifyouwereonvacationoverseasandlostal1yourmoneyandcreditcards?W:Well,1guessIprobablysei1mywatchandcamera,orImightgetajobaswaitresssomewheretillImadeenoughmoneytobuyaplanetickettoreturnhome.Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?SectionBPassageOneMostpeopleknowwhatahotdogis.It'sasausageinaroll,butdoyouknowwhyitiscalledahotdog?Well,thelongredsausagewhichgoesintoahotdogiscalledafrankfurter.ItgotitsnamefromtheGermantownFrankfurt.Thesausageswereverypopularbuthotfrankfurtersweredifficulttosellincrowds.Oneman,HenryStevens,hadajoboffeedingthecrowdsinbaseba11games.Hehadanidea:whynotputthefrankfurtersinlonghotbreadrolIs?Thismadethemeasytosell.Thered-hotshadahotandattractivetasteandbecameverypopular.Butin1903anAmericancartoonistdrewalongGermansausagedoginplaceofthefrankfurter,soafrankfurterinarollsoonbecameknownasahotdog.11wasajoke,butsomepeoplereallythoughtthesausagescontaineddogmeat.Forawhile,salesofhotdogsfellbutnotforlong.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.4.Whatisafrankfurter?5.WhatwasHenryStevens'job?6.Whydidthesalesofhotdogsdecreaseforsometime?PassageTwoWeal1screamforwaterwhenthirsty.Butdoyouknowinveryhotdryweatherplantsalsomakefaintsoundsasiftheyarecryingoutforhelp.Yousee,inplant)sstemtherearehundredsofwaterpipesthatbringwaterandmineralsfromthesoi1al1thewayuptotheleaves.Asthegroundturnsdryitbecomesharderandharderfortheplantstodothis.Inseveredroughtsplantshavetofighttopulloutanywateravailable.ScientistRobertWinterhasfoundoutthatwhenitisreallybadtheirwaterpipessnapfromthetension1ikerobberbands.Whenthathappens,thewholeplantvibratesalittle.Thesnappingpipesmakenoisestenthousandtimesmorequietthanawhisper.Robertknowsthathealthy,well-wateredplantsarequiet.Healsoknowsthatmanyinsectspreferattackingdry

86plantsratherthanhealthyplants.Howdotheinsectsknowwhicharehealthyplantsandwhicharenot?Robertthinksthatinsectsmaylistenfortheplantsthatcry,andthentheymaybuzzintoki11.Totesthistheory,Robertisusingadevicethatcanimitateplantcries.Heattachesittoaquiet,healthyplantsothattheplantsoundsthirsty.Thenhewatchestheinsectstoseeiftheyattackitmoreoftenthanusual.Ifheisright,scientistscouldusetheinsects'abi1ityagainstthem.Theycouldbuildtrapsthatimitatecryingplantssowhentheinsectsbuzzintoeat,theywon,tbuzzout.Questions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.1.Whatdoplantsdowhentheyarethirsty?2.Whatplantsdomanyinsectstendtoattack?3.WhatcouldscientistsdoifRobert,stheoryprovestobetrue?PassageThreePeopleenjoytakingtrips,butwhatarethereasonstheyleavehome?Onereasonisforeducation.Peopletravelbecausetheywanttobroadentheirhorizonstolearnaboutotherpeopleandotherplaces.Theyarecuriousaboutothercultures.Whenpeoplearetourists,theygetaquicklookatdifferentwaysofliving.Evenashortlookatanotherkindoflifestyleisanimportantlesson.Onatrip,apersoncanlearndirectlybyvisitingmuseumsandhistoricalspots.Whatdoesatouristlearnwhoseestheartmuseums,visitsthehistorica1palacesandotherscenicspotsinParisandshopsalongtheRiverSeine?Hegetsavividpicture,areallifeoneoftheFrenchpeople.Helearnsabouttheirattitudes,howtheyfeelaboutbusiness,beautyandhistory.WhataboutthetouristwhogoestoHongKong?Doeshegetthesameinformationthathecouldgetfromabook?HemightreadthatHongKongiscrowded,thatthereislessthan200squaremetersofspaceforeachperson,butseeingandfeelingthelackofspacewi11impresshimmuchmore.Hemightreadthattherearenearly200vehiclesforeverykilometerofroadway,butthesightofsomanyvehiclesparkedalongtheroadsidewi11beamuchmorevividlesson.ThetouristtoHongKongwi11neverforgetthecontrasts.Thestraightvertical1inesofthetallmodernbuildingsandthemoving1inesofboatsthatpeoplelivein.Questions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.4.Whydopeopleleavehometotravelaccordingtothepassage?5.WhatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutParis?6.Whatimpressionwi11atouristgetofHongKong?7.Whatdoesthepassagetellusabouttraveling?Test4SectionA1.M:Haveyouhadthebrakesandtyreschecked?Anddoyouhaveenoughmoney?W:IhavetakencareofeverythingandI'msureitisgoingtobeawonderfultrip.Q:What7sthewomangoingtodo?2.M:Thenewsalesmanagersayshehasnevermetyoubefore.W：We,vebeenintroducedaboutthreetimes.Heseemsalittleforgetful.

87Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthenewsalesmanager?2.W：Idon'tunderstandwhythisbookforserf-studydoesn'thaveanswerstothequestions.M:Butitdoes.Youcanfindthematthebackofthebook.Q:Whatdoesthemansayabouttheself-studybook?3.W：Weneedtoleteveryoneknowaboutthecharityconcert,butwedon'thavemuchmoneyforadvertizing.M:Howaboutusingtheschoolradiostation?Theybroadcastfreepublicserviceannouncements.Q:Whatdoesthemansuggesttheydo?4.M:Bytheway,Jane,didyoutalktotheconsultantaboutournewhea1thprogram?W:Icontactedhisofficebuthissecretarysaidhewouldbeoutforlunchunti1two.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?5.M:Idon'tknowwhethertoaskJoeorCaroltodrawtheposters.W:Whatdifferencedoesitmake?They'rebothexcellentartists.Q:WhatdoesthewomanimplyaboutJoeandCarol?6.M:MarryisinchargeoftheartandmusicsectionandCharles,thesportspage,Whataboutyou?W:I'mresponsiblefortheeditorials.Q:Wheredoesthewomanwork?7.M:IranintoourfriendMarkyesterdayonthestreet,andhesaidhehadn'theardfromyoufortwomonths.W:Yes.Iknow,butIhavebeentoobusytophonehim.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?8.M:I'mreallyexhausted,butIdon'twanttomissthefiImthatcomesonateleven.W:IfIwereyou,Vdskipit.Webothhavetogetupearlytomorrow,andanyway,rvehearditisn'tthatexciting.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?9.M:Ithoughtthelibrariansaidwecouldcheckoutasmanybooksasweneedwithouta1ibrarycard.W：That'sright,butnotthosereferencebooks.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

88SectionBPassageOneThepianoandviolinaregirls'instruments.Drumsandtrumpetsareforboys.Accordingtopsychologists,SusanO'Nei1andMichaelBalton,ChiIdrenhaveveryclearideasaboutwhichmusicalinstrumentstheyshouldplay.Theyfoundthatdespitethebesteffortsoftheteachers,theseideashavechangedverylittleoverthepastdecade.Theyinterviewed153childrenagedbetween9and11fromschoolsinNorth-WesternEngland.Theyaskedthemtoidentifyfourmusicalinstrumentsandthentosaywhichtheywouldliketoplaymostandwhichtheywouldleastliketoplay.TheyalsoaskedthechiIdrenfortheirviewsonwhetherboysorgirlsshouldnotplayanyofthefourinstruments.Thepianoandtheviolinwerebothrankedmorefavorablybygirlsthanbyboyswhileboyspreferthedrumsandtrumpets.Therewasbroadagreementbetweenboysandgirlsonwhichinstrumentseachsexshouldplayandreasonsvariedandwhilealmosthalfofallboyssaidtheyavoidedcertaininstrumentsbecausetheyweretoodifficulttoplay.Only15%ofgirlsgavethatreason.Earlierstudiesindicatedthatveryyoungschoolchildrenagedbetweenfiveandsevenshowednobiasinchoosingmusicalinstruments,buttheirtastesbecamemoreclearbetweentheagesofeightandten.Onesurveyof78teacherssuggestedthatafterthatage,bothboysandgirlsbegintorestrictthemselvestotheso-calledmaleorfemaleinstruments.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.2.WhydidSusanandMichaelinterviewchildrenagedbetween9and11?3.Whydomanyoftheboysavoidcertaininstruments?4.WhichgroupofchiIdrenhaveabiaswhenchoosingmusicalinstruments?PassageTwoInthe1970zsthefamousBrazi1ianfootballplayer,Pele,retiredfromthenationa1teamofBrazilandbecameaprofessiona1playerforateaminNewYork.Footba11orsoccerwasnztverypopularintheUnitedStatesatthattime,fewNorthernAmericansknewanythingaboutthisfastmovingsport.Therewasnomoneytopayprofessionalplayersandtherewaslittleinterestinfootballinhighschoolsandcolleges.WhenPeleandotherinternationalstarsbeganplayinginvariousU.S.cities,peoplesawhowinterestingthegamewasandbegantogotothematches.Itisnowcommonforimportantgamestohave50,000to60,000fans.Supportsfromthefansisimportanttofootball.Thefanscheerenthusiasticallyfortheirfavoriteplayersandteamswhorespondbyplayingbetterthanbefore.InmostWorldCups,thehometeamortheteamfromthehostcountryusua1lyplaysbetterthanmostpeopleexpect.In1966,1974and1978,thehometeamsofEngland,WestGermanyandArgentinaal1wontheWorldCup.TheWorldCupiscalledthatbecauseteamsfromeverycontinenthaveplayedinit.However,sincetheCupbegan,al1ofthewinningteamshavebeenfromEuropeorSouthAmerica.TeamsfromAsiaorAfricaalwaysdowell,buttheyhaven,tyetwon.Mexicoplayedsurprisinglywellinthe1970Cupwhichithosted,butitwasnztamongthefourfina1teams.Questions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.5.Whywasn'tfootballapopularsportintheU.S.inthe1970's?

892.WhendoesafootballteamhavethebestchancetowintheWorldCup?3.HowdidMexicodointhe1970WorldCup?PassageThreeTheworld'ssmartestadolescentsinmathematicsandscienceareinSingaporeaccordingtoaglobalsurveyofeducationalachievement.IntheThirdInternationa1MathematicsandScienceStudy,13-year-oldsfromSingaporeachievethebestscoresinstandardizedtestsofmathsandsciencethatwereministeredto287,896studentsin41countriesin1994and1995.ThesurveysuggeststhatscienceandmathseducationisespeciallystrongintheFarEastwhilewellbehindthosetopscorers,studentsfromAustraliaearnedhighermarksinmathsthantheircounterpartsinEnglandwhointurndidbetterthanAmericanstudents.Thestudycollectedinformationonthestudents'teachersandhomes.Notsurprisinglythehighestscoringstudentshadwel1-educatedparentsorcamefromhomescontainingstudyingaidssuchascomputers,dictionariesorevensuchelementaryfaci1itiesasdesks.Thestudyshowsthatboysgenera1lydidbetterthangirlsinsciencebuttherewaslittledifferencebetweentheminmaths.Boysscoredbetterthangirlsinphysicsandchemistry.Therewerenosexdifferencesinthelifeandenvironmenta1sciences.Inadditiontobeingtested,studentsintheprojectwereaskedhowproficienttheythoughttheywereinmathandscience,studentsinsomecountriessuchasColumbiaandKuwaithadanoverlyoptimisticviewoftheirskills.MeanwhilesomeofthebeststudentsfromJapanandKorea,forexample,wereneedlesslypessimisticeventhoughtheydidfarbetterinmaththanalmostallotherstudents.Questions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.4.Ofthefourgroupsofstudents,whoscoredthelowestinmathaccordingtothesurvey?5.Whatkindofstudentsaremost1ikelytobecometopscorers?6.InwhatwaydoColumbianstudentsdifferfromJapanesestudents?7.Inwhichsubjectdidboysscorehigherthangirls?Test5SectionA1.W:Haveyouheardabouttheplanecrashyesterday?11caused120deaths.I'mneverateasewhentakingaflight.M:Thoughweoftenhearaboutaircrashesandseriouscasualties,flyingisstilloneofthesafestwaystotravel.Q:Whatdowelearnfromthisconversation?2.W:Ihaveacomplainttomake,sir:Iwaited10minutesatthetablebeforethewaitershowedup.WhenIfinallygotserved,IfounditwasnotwhatIordered.M:I'mterriblysorry,madam.Itwasabitunusuallybusytonight.Asacompensation,yourmealwi11beflee.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?3.M:Ican'tfindmypen.Ineedtowritealetter.W：I'lllookforitlater.RightnowIneedyourhelpfixingtheshelfbeforeIpaint

90it.Q:Whatwi11theydofirst?3.M:Mrs.Winter,Ineedyouradvice.Iwanttobuyadressformywife.Canyoutel1mewhereIcangetoneatareasonableprice?W：Sure.GotoRichard's.11hasthelateststylesandgivesa30%discounttohusbandswhoshopalone.Q:WhatdoweknowabouttheRichard'sstore?4.M:Myheadachesareterrible.MaybeIneedmoresleep.W：Actua1ly,youneedlesssunandsomeaspirin.11wouldhelpifyouwearahat.Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkisthecauseoftheman,sheadache?5.M:Didyounoticethatafteralmost10yearsintheUnitedStates,Mr.LeestillspeaksEnglishwithsuchastrongaccent?W:Yes,butheisproudofit.Hesaysitispartofhisidentity.Q:WhatdoestheconversationtellusaboutMr.Lee?6.W：ThisisMrs.Thatcher.Myheaterisnotgettinganypower,andtheweathermansaysthetemperatureisgoingtofallbelowzerotonight.Couldyougetsomeonetocomeoverandfixit?M:Thisisthebusiesttimeoftheyear.ButI'llspeaktooneofourmenaboutgoingoversometimetoday.Q:WhomdidMrs.Thatcherwanttocomeover?7.M:Thoughwedidn'twinthegame,weweresatisfiedwithourperformance.W：Youdidagreatjob,youalmostbeattheworldchampions.It'sarealsurprisetomanypeople.Q:Whatdowelearnfromthisconversation?8.W:SorryIdidn'tcomeyesterdaybecauseIhadatemperature.Couldyoutel1yourrequirementsformytermpaper?M:ThethemeofyourpapercanbeaboutbusinessmanagementortouringresourcesinChina.Andthelengthofyourpapershouldbenolessthan15pages.Q:Whatisthemostprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?10.WIdon'tthinkweshouldhavetoldTomaboutthesurprisepartyforLucy.M:It'sallright.Hepromisednottotell,andhedoesn'tmakepromiseslightlyQ:Whatdoesthemanmean?SectionBCompoundDictationThehumanbodyisaremarkablefoodprocessor.Asanadult,youmayconsume(SI)overatonoffoodperyearandstillnotgainorloseapoundofbodyweight.Youare(S2)constantlyharnessingandconsumingenergythroughtheintricate(S3)mechanismofyourbodyinordertoremaininenergybalance.To(S4)maintainagivenbodyweight,yourenergyinputmustbalanceyourenergyoutput.However,sometimesthe(S5)overallenergybalanceisupset,andyour(S6)normalbodyweightwi11eitherfallor(S7)increase.

91Thetermbodyimagereferstothementalimagewehaveofourownphysica1appearance,(S8)anditcnnbeinfluencedbyavarietyoffactors,includinghowmuchweweighorhowthatweightisdistributed.Researchershaverevealedthatabout40percentofadultmenand55percentofadultwomenaredissatisfiedwiththeircurrentbodyweight.(S9)Similarfindingshavealsobeenreportedatthehighschoollevel,mainlywithfemalestudents.Atthecollegelevel,astudyfoundthat85percentofbothmaleandfemalefirst-yearstudentsdesiredtochangetheirbodyweight.(S10)TheprimarycauseofthisconcernisthevaluethatAmericansociety,ingeneral,assignstophysicalappearance.Thinnessiscurrentlyanattributethatfemalesdesirehighly.Malesgenerallydesiremuscularity.Thevastmajorityofindividua1swhowanttochangetheirbodyweightdoitforthesakeofappearance;mostwanttoloseexcessbodyfatwhileasmaHerpercentageofindividualsactuallywanttogainweight.Test6SectionA1.W:Vmtryingtofindouthowthisdish-washerworks.ThemenuisinFrench.IcanztwaitforBi11totranslateitforme.M:Donztworry,Marry.Icandothedishesbeforethemachinestartstowork.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?2.M:ThedoctorsaidifIkeepsmoking,Iwouldincreasemychancesofhavingaheartattack.W：Didhesuggestreducingweighttoo?Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkthemanshouldalsodo?3.W:Thepeoplenextdooraremakingsomuchnoise.Ijustcan'tconcentrate,Tom.M:Whydidn'tyoustayatthe1ibrary.It'smuchquieterthere.Q:WhatdoesTommean?4.M:Thisishopeless.Thesefiguresstilldon'taddupright.Let'sdothecalculationsoveragain

92W：Yes.Butwhynotdothemtomorrow?It'sverylatenow.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggesttheydo?1.M:Tocollectdataformyreport,Ineedtotalktosomeonewhoknowsthatsma11cityverywell.Iwastoldthatyou1ivedtherewithquitealongtime.W:Oh,IwishIcouldhelp.ButIwasonlyachildthen.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?2.M:Areyoumovingintoanewhouse?Needahandwiththoseboxes?W:That'sOK.Icanmanage.Theylookbig,butaren'tveryheavyactua1ly.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?3.M:It'sgoodyoubroughtthebooksback.W:Ithoughtyoumightneedthemovertheweekend.Thanksforlettingmeusethem.Q:Whatdoweknowaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?4.M:Doyouwanttoturnontheair-conditioneroropenthewindows?W:Ilovefreshairifyoudon'tmind.Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromthewomanzsanswer?5.W:Hi,Michael.Icanhardlyrecognizeyou.Whyareyoudresseduptoday?Areyougoingtothetheatre?M:No.ActuallyIjusthadaninterviewataphoto-studiothismorning.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutMichaelfromthisconversation?6.M:Goodmorning.WhatcanIdoforyou?W:rd1iketohavemyemergency-brakefixed.ThecarrollswhenIparkitonthehill.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?SectionBPassageOneLastAugustSusanand42otherstudentsgotwetanddirtywhileremoving6tonsofgarbagefromthefiverrunningacrosstheircity.Theycleanedupthefiveraspartofaweeklongenvironmenta1camp.LikeoneinthreeAmericanrivers,thisfiverissopollutedthatit'sunsafeforswimmingandfishing.Still,Susan,whohasjustcompletedherthirdsummeronthefiverclean-up,seesachangeinthisriver."Sincewestarted3yearsago,thefiverisgettingalotcleaner,"shesays.Environmenta1ScientistspraisetheteenagersforremovinggarbagethatcanharmwiId1ife.Waterbirds,forexample,canchokeonplasticbottleringsandgetcutbyscrapmetal.Threeyearsago,whentheclean-upstarted,garbagewaseverywhere.Butthisyear,theteenagershadtohuntforgarbage.Theyturnedtheclean-upintoacompetitiontoseewhocanfindthemostgarbageandrol1theirboatsfastest.Bytheendofthesix-hourshift,theyhadremovedenoughgarbagetofillmorethantwolargetrucks."Seeinga11thatgarbageinthefivermakespeoplebegintocareaboutenvironmentalissues."Susansays.Shehopesthatwhenothersreadthatsheandherpeerscareenoughtocleanitup,maybetheywi11thinktwicebeforetheythrowgarbageintheriver.

93Questions11to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard:11.Whatdoesthepassagetel1usaboutAmericanrivers?12.Whatdidthestudentsfindwhentheycametotheriverthisyear?13.Whatwastheexpectedreactionofthelocalpeopletothestudents'efforts?PassageTwoWhydowecry?Canyouimaginea1ifewithouttears?Notonlydotearskeepyoureyeslubricated,theyalsocontainasubstancethatkillsbacteriasotheycan'tinfectyoureyes.Giveupyourtears,andyoulosethisonthespotdefense.Norwouldyouwanttogiveupthefloodofextratearsyouproducewhenyougetsomethingphysicalorchemicalinyoureyes.Tearsareverygoodatwashingthisirritatingstuffout.Anotherthingyouprobablycouldn'tdowithoutyourtearsiscryfromjoy,anger,orsadness.Humansaretheonlyanimalsthatproducetearsinresponsetoemotions.Andmostpeoplesayagoodcrymakethemfeelbetter.Manyscientists,therefore,believecryingsomehowhelpuscopewiththeemotionalsituations.Tearresearcher,Wi11iamFrey,istryingtofigureouthowithappens."Onepossibility",hesays,"isthattearsdischargecertainchemicalsfromyourbody**.Chemicalsthatbuildupduringstress.Whenpeopletalkabout"cryingitout”,Ithinkthatmayactuallybe"whattheyaredoing",hesays.IfFreyistight,whatdoyouthinkwouldhappentopeoplewhorestraintheirtears?Boys,forexample,cryonlyaboutaquarterasoftenasgirlsoncetheyreachtheirteenageyears.Andweallcryalotlessnowthanwedidasbabies.Coulditbethatwefeellessstressed?Maybewefoundotherwaystodea1withit,ormaybewejustfeelembarrassed.Questions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard:14.What'sthetopicdiscussedinthispassage?15.WhatisWil1iamFreytryingtofindout?16.Whatdoesthepassagesayaboutteenageboysandgirls?17.Whatisthedifferencebetweenhumanbeingsandotheranimalswhensheddingtears?PassageThreeImaginethis:youwakeupeachmorningtofindyoursisterlyingbesideyou.Togetdressedandtieyourshoes,youuseonehandandsheusesanother,youdoeverythingelsetogethertoo,evensittingonthesamechairatlunchandtidingonthesamebicycle.That,swhat1ifeis1ikeforthesix-year-oldBettyandAbey.Likemosttwins,thetwogirlslookverymuchalike.Butuniikemosttwins,BettyandAbeysharepartsofthesamebody.Twins1ikeBettyandAbeyarerare,onlyabout40setsarebornintheUnitedStateseachyear.FewsurviveaslongasBettyandAbey.That'sbecausetwinsoftensharevitalorgans1ikeaheartorbrain.Thesesharedorgansareoftenbadlyshaped,andmaynotbestrongenoughtosupportbothtwins.ButbettyandAbeyeachhasherownhead,heartandstomachwhichfunctionnormally.Thegirlsshare3or4lungswhichprovide

94plentyofoxygenforbothtwins.Mostoftheircompletelysharedorgansfiebelowthewaist.BettyandAbey1iverelativelynormalfives,theyattendaregularschoolandeachdoesherownschoolwork.Theyprefertodosomeprojectstogether,though.Forexample,tocutoutpaperdolls.Onetwinholdsthepaperwhiletheotherusesthescissors.Butsometimesthegirlsdon'twanttodothesamething.Forexample,sometimestheywanttoplaywithdifferenttoys.Whatdotheydothen?”Wecastacoin."SaysAbey.Questions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.InwhataspectdoBettyandAbeydifferfrommosttwins?12.Whatdoesthepassagetel1usabouttwinswhosharepartsofthesamebody?20.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouttheeducationofthetwingirls?Test7SectionA1.W：Istherescuecrewstilllookingforsurvivorsoftheplanecrash?M:Yes.Theyhavebeensearchingtheareaforhours,buttheyhaven,tfoundanybodyelse.They,11keepsearchingunti1nightfalls.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?2.M:Howmanystudentspassedthefinalphysicsexaminyourclass?W：Forty.Butstillasmanyas20percentoftheclassfailed.Quitedisappointing,isn'tit?Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinktheexam?3.W：Lotsofpeopleenjoydancing,doyou?M:Believeitornot,that'sthelastthingI'deverwanttodo.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?4.W：Jim,rmhavingdifficultywithallthetheoreticalstuffwearegettinginourcomputercourse.M:Oh,thatpartIunderstand.WhatIcan*tfigureoutishowtomakeitworkinmyprogram.Q:Whatistheman'sproblem?5.W：DidyouseeMarysomewherearound?M:Yes.She,sinthecampusbankapplyingforastudentloan.Q:WhatwasMarydoing?6.W：Thespaceshuttleistakingofftomorrow.M:Iknow.Thisisanotherroutinemission.Itsfirstflightwas4yearsago.Q:Whataretheytalkingabout?7.M:Whenarewesupposedtosubmitourprojectproposals,Jane?W：Theyareduebytheendoftheweek.We'veonly2daysleft.Wez11justhavetohurry,Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?8.W：WhenIgoonadiet,Ieatonlyfruitandthattakesoffweightquickly.M:IprefertoeatwhateverIwant,andthenrunregularlytoloseweight.

95Q:Howdoesthemancontrolhisweight?1.W：John,Cal1youtellmewhatinthebookinterestedyoumost?M:Well,nothingspecific.ButIlikeditoverall.Q:Whatdidthemanthinkofthebook?2.W：HowdoyoulikethecarIjustbought?M:Well,itseemstorunwell,butIthinkitneedsanewpaintjobQ:Whatdoesthemanthinkaboutthecar?SectionBPassageOneMi11RackmanandothersoftheHardwayresearchgrouphavedonesomeresearchintothedifferencesbetweenaverageandgoodnegotiators.Theyfoundnegotiatorswithagoodtraderecordandstudiedtheminaction.Theycomparedthemwithanothergroupofaveragenegotiatorsandfoundtherewasnodifferenceinthetimethetwogroupsspentonplanningtheirstrategy.However,thereweresomesignificantdifferencesonotherpoints.Theaveragenegotiatorsthoughtintermsofthepresent,butthegoodnegotiatorstookalongtermview.Theymadelotsofsuggestionsandconsideredtwicethenumberofalternatives.Theaveragenegotiatorssettheirobjectivesasinglepoint.Wehopetoget$2,forexample,thegoodnegotiatorssettheirobjectivesintermsofarange,whichtheymightformulateaswehopetoget$2,butifweget$1.50,it'11beal1right.Theaveragenegotiatorstrytopersuadebygivinglotsofreasons.Theyusedalotofdifferentarguments.Thegoodnegotiatorsdidn'tgivemanyreasons.Theyjustrepeatedthesameones.Theyalsodidmoresummarisingandreviewing,checkingtheywereunderstoodcorrectly.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyou'vejustheard.3.Whatdogoodnegotiatorsandaveragenegotiatorshaveincommon?4.Accordongtothespeaker,whatwouldgoodnegotiatorsdo?5.Accordingtothespeaker,whatdoestheaveragenegotiatorusua1lydo?PassageTwoTomostofus,sharksarethemostdangerousfishintheseaandtheyattackhumans.However,accordingtoDr.Clark,whohasstudiedthebehaviorofsharksfor12years,humansarenotnorma1lyonashark*smenu.Whatdosharksfeedon?Mainlyfishandothersmallseaanimals.Dr.Clarkalsofoundthatsharksdon'teatasmuchfoodaspeoplethink.Forinstance,a9-footsharkonlyneedstwopoundsoffoodadaytokeephea1thy.Butshesayssometimessharksstarveandatothertimestheyfilledthemselveswithwhattheyhaveki1led.Aroundtheworldthere,reonlyabout100sharkattacksonhumanseachyear,tenofwhichprovefatal.Butconsiderthis,intheU.S.alone,about3000000peoplearebittenbydogseachyear.Ofthese13peopledie."Ifasharkbitesyou,"saysDrClark,nthereasonisusuallybecauseitmistakesyouforitsnaturalfood."Forexample,say,youwentunderwaterfishingandsawashark,youcouldbeintrouble.Thesharkmightgofortheinjuredfishyouhadattackedandtakeabigbiteofyouatthesametime.Ifyougointoashark,sterritoryandthreatenit,itmighttrytobiteyou.That'sbecausesharksareterritorialandtendtoguardtheirterritory.Likedogs,theyprotecttheareathattheythinkistheirown.

96Questions14to16arebasedonthepassageyou'vejustheard.1.Whatdoesthepassagesayabouttheeatingbehaviorofsharks?2.Whenmightasharkattackhumans?t6.Whatdowelearnfromthepassageaboutsharks?PassageThreeSciencefictionwritershaveoftenimaginedhumanbeingsgoingto1iveonMars.Butthesedaysscientistsaretakingtheideaseriously.Ithasagreatdealtorecommenditsinceitmightsolvetheproblemofovercrowdingontheearth.Butobviouslyitwouldnotbeworthmakingtheeffortunlesspeoplecould1ivetherenaturally.Iftheatmospherewere1ikethatoftheearth,thismightbepossible.Butinfactitismostlycarbondioxide.Apartfromthat,thereareotherproblemstobeovercome.Forexample,thetemperaturewouldhavetoberaisedfrom60degreesbelowzeroto15degreesaboveit.ScientistswhostudyMarshavelaiddownaprogramthattheycanfollow.Tobeginwith,they'11havetofindoutwhetherlifehaseverexistedontheplanetMarsinthepast.Secondly,they’11havetomakeareliablemapofitssurfaceandfinallythey,11havetomakealistofthegases.Aboveall,theywi11havetodiscoverhowmuchnitrogenitpossessessincenitrogenis4/5oftheairwebreathe.They'resurprisinglyoptimisticaboutraisingthetemperatureonMarsandbelieveitcouldbedonein200years.Itwi11takeabitlonger,though,totransformtheatmospheresothathumanbeingscouldlivethere.Scientistsestimatethatthiswi11take100,000years.Questions17to20arebasedonthepassageyou'vejustheard.17.WhyarescientistsinterestedinMars?18.WhatisoneofthethingsthatmustbedonebeforemancanliveonMars?19.WhydoscientistswanttofindoutwhetherthereissufficientnitrogenonMars?20.WhatistheprospectofpeoplelivingonMars?Test8SectionA1.W：Thedeadlineforthesociologyandcomputercoursesisthedayaftertomorrow.M:ButIhaven,tdecidedwhichcoursestotakeyet.Q:Whatarethemanandwomantalkingabout?2.M:I'mlookingfortheapartmentwithamonthlyrentaround$200inthisneighborhood.Canyougivemesomeadviceonthat?W：Well,it'sratherhardtofindanythingforlessthan$300aroundhere.Rentsarelowerinthesuburbs,butyou*11needtransportationifyouchooseto1ivethere.

97Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?1.W：Wow.Tonight,wehaveProfessorBarnardinstudiototalkabouthisrecentbook,FashionImages.GoodEvening!Professor.M:GoodEvening!AndthankyouforinvitingmeherethiseveningQ:Whatisthewomandoing?2.M:Haveyourunupagainstanyproblemsingettingyourpassportrenewed?W:Ihaven'tstartedtheplanyet.Q:Whatdoweknowfromtheconversation?3.M:Imustpointoutthattrialsofnewmedicineareexpensive,andyoucanneverguaranteesuccess.W:Butthereisaverygoodchanceinthiscase.Idohopeyouwi11goaheadinviewofthepotentia1benefittomankind.Q:Whatarethetwospeakerstalkingabout?4.W：What'sthedifferencebetweenalessonandalecture?M:Well,theyarebothwaysofimpartingknowledge,butthemaindifferenceisthatyouparticipateinalesson,whereasyoujustlistentoalecture.Alectureisgenerallygiventoamuchlargergroup.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?5.W:It'sawfullydarkforfourofclock.Doyouthinkit'sgoingtorain?M:You'dbetterdosomethingaboutthatwatchofyours.Itmusthavestoppedhoursago.Minesaysseven.Q:Whatconclusioncanwedrawfromthisconversation?6.M:Youarelookingalittleoverwhelmed.W:Exactly.Youknow,I'vegotmi11ionsofthingstodo,andallofthemhavetobefinishedwithin3hours.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?7.M:Erh-erh...LookslikeI'mgoingtobealittlelateforclass.IhopePro.Clarkdoesn'tstartontimetoday.W:Areyoukidding?Youcansetyourwatchbythetimehestartshisclass.Q:WhatcanbeinferredaboutPro.Clark?8.M:I'mbothexcitedandnervousaboutthejobinterviewthisafternoon.W:Takeiteasy.Justweartidyandcleanclothesandrespondtruthfullytoinquiries.Remember:honestyisthebestpolicy.Q:Whatdowelearnabouttheman?SectionBPassageOneJaneBrownhasbeenmarriedfor12years.Shehasthreechildrenand1ivesinthesuburboutsideColumbus,Ohio.WhenheryoungestchiIdreachedschoolage,Janedecidedtogobacktowork.Shethoughtthatsheshouldcontributetothehouseholdfinances.Hersalarycouldmakeadifferencebetweenafinancialstruggleandasecurefinancialsituationforherfamily.

98Janealsofeltboredandfrustratedinherroleasahomemakerandwantedtobemoreinvolvedinlifeoutsideherhome.Janewasworriedaboutherchildren'sadjustmenttothisnewsituation,butshearrangedforthemtogostaywithawomannearbyafterschooleachafternoon.Theyseemedtobehappywiththearrangement.TheproblemseemedtobebetweenJaneandherhusbandBi11.WhenJanewasathomeallday,shewasabletocleanthehouse,gogroceryshopping,washtheclothes,takecareofthechiIdrenandcooktwoorthreemealseachday.Shewasverybusy,ofcourse,butshesucceededingettingeverythingdone.Nowthesesamethingsneedtobedone,butJanehasonlyeveningsandearlymorningstodothem.BothJaneandBi11arefiredwhentheyarrivehomeat6p.m..Bi11isaccustomedtosittingdownandreadingapaperorwatchingTVunti1dinnersareready.ThisisexactlywhatJanefeelslikedoing,butsomeonehastofixdinnerandBi11expectsittobeJane.Jane,sbecomingveryangryatBi1Vsattitude.Shefeelsthattheyshouldsharethehouseholdjobs.ButBi11feelsthateverythingshouldbethesameasitwasbeforeJanewentbacktowork.Questions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.WhydidJanewanttogobacktowork?12.HowdidJanespendherdaysbeforeshewentbacktowork?13.WhatproblemarosewhenJanewentbacktowork?14.Whatdoesthestorytrytotel1us?PassageTwoTheDecadeforNaturalDisasterReductionisaprogramdesignedtoreducetheimpactofnaturaldisastersthroughouttheworld.WithsupportfromtheUnitedNations,countrieswi11beencouragedtoshareinformationaboutdisasterreduction,forinstance,informationabouthowtoplanforandcopewithhurricanes,earthquakes,andothernatura1disasters.Oneofthemostimportantthingstheprogramplanstodoistoremindusofwhatwecandotoprotectourselves.Forexample,wecanpackasuitcasewithflashlights,aradio,food,drinkingwaterandsometools.Thissafetykitmayhelpussurviveadisasterunti1helparrives.Besides,theprogramwi11encouragegovernmentstoestablishbuildingstandards,emergencyresponseplans,andtrainingprograms.Thesemeasurescanhelpto1imitthedestructionbynaturaldisasters.ThecomparativelymiIdeffectsofthenorthernCaliforniaearthquakein1989aregoodevidencethatwedohavethetechnologytopreventvastdestruction.Therecentdisasters,ontheotherhand,provethatpeoplewi11sufferifwedon'tusethattechnology.WhenahighwaycollapsedinnorthernCalifornia,peoplewereki1ledintheircars.Thehighwaywasnotbui11accordingtotoday'sstrictstandardstoresistearthquakes.Individualsandgovernmentshavetobefar-sighted.Weshouldtakeextratimeandspendextramoneytobuilddisastersafetyintoour1ives.Althoughsuchaprogramcan'tholdbackthewindsorstopearthquakes,theycansavepeople*s1ivesandhomes.Questions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.15.Whatisthepurposeoftheprogrammentionedinthispassage?16.WhatcanwelearnfromthenorthernCaliforniaearthquakein1989?

9911.WhydidthehighwayinnorthernCaliforniacollapse?PassageThreeLivingatthefootofoneoftheworld'smostactivevolcanoesmightnotappealtoyouatall.Butbelieveitornot,theareasurroundingMountEtnainItalyispackedwithpeople.Infact,itisthemostdensely-populatedregiononthewholeIslandofSicily.Thereasonisthatrichvolcanicsoilmakesthelandfantasticforfarming.Bygrowingandsei1ingavarietyofcrops,loca1peopleearnagoodliving.Forthem,theeconomicbenefittheyreapsurpassestheriskofdyingorlosingpropertyinoneofthevolcano,sfrequenteruptions.Peopleeverywheremakedecisionsaboutriskysituationsthisway,thatis,bycomparingtherisksandbenefits.Accordingtotheexperts,thesizeoftheriskdependsonbothitsprobabi1ityandseriousness.Let,stakeMountEthaforexample.Itdoeseruptfrequently,butthoseeruptionsareusuallyminor.Sotheoveral1riskforpeople1ivingnearbyisrelativelysmal1.ButsupposeMountEtnaeruptedeveryday,orimaginethateacheruptiontherekilledthousandsofpeople.Ifthatwerethecase,theriskwouldbemuchlarger.Indeed,theriskwouldbetoolargeformanypeopleto1ivewithandtheywi11havetomoveaway.Questions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.Howdopeoplemakedecisionsaboutriskysituations?13.WhatdoweknowaboutMountEtnafromthepassage?14.WhatwouldpeoplelivingnearMountEtnadointhefaceofitseruptions?Test9SectionA1.M:Howwellareyoupreparedforyourpresentation?YourturncomesnextWednesday.W:Ispentawholeweeksearchingonthenet,butcameupwithnothingvaluable.Q:Whatdidthewomansayaboutherpresentation?2.W:MorningJack.Lateagain?What'stheexcusethistime?M:I'mawfullysorry.Imusthaveturnedthealarmoffandgonebacktosleepagain.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?3.W：Excuseme,butcouldyoutellmewhereIcanchangeAmericandollarsintoBritishpounds?M:Thereisabankaroundthecomer,butIzmafraidit'salreadypastitsclosingtime.

100Whydon'tyoutrytheoneneartheraiIwaystation?Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?1.M:Could1speaktoDr.Chen?Shetoldmetocallhertoday.W:She'snotavailablerightnow.Wouldyou1iketotryaroundthree.Q:Whatdoesthewomantellthemantodo?2.W：Ohdear!I'mafraidV11failagaininthenationaltest.It'sthethirdtimeItookit.M:Don,tbetooupset.Ihavethesamefate.Let'stryafourthtime.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?3.W：ProfessorSmith,Ireallyneedthecreditstograduatethissummer.M:Hereatthisschoolthecreditsareearned,notgiven.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?4.M:HowdidyougotoCanada,Jane?Didyoufly?W:Iwasplanningtobecauseit'ssuchalongtripbybusorbytrain,butFreddecidedtodriveandinvitedmetojoinhim.Ittookustwodaysandanight.Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?5.M:HowdoyoulikethewayVvearrangedthefurnitureinmylivingroom?W:Fine,butIthinkthewallscoulddowithafewpaintings.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?6.W:Idon*timagineyouhaveanyinterestinattendingthatlectureondrawing,doyou?M:Ohyes,Idonowthatyouremindmeofit.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?7.M:Youaremycampaignmanager.Whatdoyouthinkweshoulddotowintheelection?I'mconvincedI'mthebestcandidateforthechairmanoftheStudentUnion.W:Wewon'tbeabletowinunlesswegetthemajorityvotesfromthewomenstudents.Q:Whatisthemandoing?SectionBPassageOneTherearesomeseriousproblemsintheBiramichiRiver.ThelocalChamberofCommerce,whichrepresentstheindustriesinthearea,hiredmeasaconsultanttodoaone-yearstudyonfishingintheBiramichiRiverandwriteareportforthem.Thisismyreport.OneofthemajorproblemsintheBiramichiRiveristhatthelevelofoxygeninthewateristoolow.Severalchemicalshavedisplacedtheoxygen.Thischemicalpollutionhastwosources-thefactorieswhichdumppollutedwaterdirectlyintotheriverandthelocalcommunitywhichdumpsuntreatedhumanwastesintotheriver.Theloca1towngovernmenthasalreadyspent2milliondollarsonwastewatertreatmentprojectsbutitwi11costanother27mi11iontocompletet.heprojects.11wi11takeatleast15yearsforthetowntocollectenoughrevenuefromtaxestocompletetheseprojects.Thefactorieshereemploy17,000peopleinanareawherethereisverylittlealternativeemployment.

101Itisnoteconomicallypracticaltocloseorrelocatethefactories.Also,thefactoriescannotaffordtofinancechemicaltreatmentplantsbythemselves.AnotherproblemisthatthemembersoftheBiramichifishingcooperativeareover-fishing.Fishesarecaughtwhentheyareontheirwayupstreamtolayeggs.Consequently,notenoughfisharelefttoreproduceinlargenumbers.Themembersofthecooperativesaythattheyhavealreadyreducedtheirannualcatchby50percent.However,mystudiesindicatethattheytookfewerfishbecausetherewerefewerfishtocatchnotbecausetheyweretryingtopreservefishes.Questions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.1.Whatwasthespeakerassignedtodointhepastyear?2.WhatisoneoftheproblemsintheBiramichiRiver?3.Whatdoesthepassagetel1usaboutthefactoriesalongtheriver?4.WhywastheannualcatchoffishintheBiramichiRiverreducedaccordingtothespeaker?PassageTwoEverybodyhastodiesomedaybutnobody1ikestothinkaboutit.Evenso,atsometimeintheir1ivesmostpeoplemanagetothinkaboutthequestionofhowtomakeawi11.Ifyouhavealreadymadeyours,ifsprobablyjustafewpagesofwriting,statingthatyouwishtoleaveeverythingtoyourfamily.That'sthekindofwi11thatthemajorityofpeoplemake.However,thereareplentyofwaystomakeyourwi11moreinterestingifyouwantto.Tobeginwith,youdon'thavetowriteitonpaper.Onemanwrotehiswi11onanenvelope,anotheronadoor,andathirdonanegg.Forsomepeoplethemostimportantpartoftheirwi11isthepartthatsayshowtheywanttobeburied.Mrs.SandraWest,arichwidowfromTexas,decidedthatshewantedtobeburiedwithherfavoritecar.In1973,Mr.Green,adentistfromEngland,leftmostofhismoneytothenursewhoworkedforhimifinfiveyearsshewouldn'twearanykindofmake-uporjewelryorgooutwithaman.Finally,let'shopethatyourwi11isnot1ikethatofDoctorWagner,who1ivedinAmericaonehundredyearsago.Hisfamily,whohadnotbeentoseehimforyears,suddenlybegantovisithimwhenhebecamei11.Whatwasworse,eachpersonsuggestedtoDoctorWagnerthattheywouldlikesomethingtorememberhimbywhenhedied.GreatlyannoyedwiththemDoctorWagnerwroteawi11thatwoulddothis.TOeachofhisfourbrothersheleftoneofhislegsorarms.Hisnephewgothisnose,andhistwonieceseachgotanear.Histeethwenttohiscousins.Thenhesetaside1,000dollarstopayforcuttinguphisbodyandtherestofhismoneyhelefttothepoor.Questions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.5.Whatkindofwi11domostpeopleleavebehindaccordingtothepassage?6.WhatdidthenursehavetodobeforegettingthemoneyleftbytheEnglishdentist?7.WhydidDoctorWagnermakeanunusualwill?

102PassageThreeInrecentyearstherehasbeenanunusuallylargenumberofdivorcesintheUnitedStates.Inthepast,whentwopeoplemarriedeachothertheyintendedtostaytogetherforlifewhiletodaymanypeoplemarrybelievingthattheycanalwaysgetthedivorceifthemarriagedoesnotworkout.Inthepast,alargemajorityofAmericansfrownedattheideaofdivorce.Furthermore,manypeoplebelievedthatgettingadivorcewasaluxurythatonlytherichcouldafford.Indeedgettingadivorcewasveryexpensive.However,sincesomanypeoplehavebeguntotakeamorecasualviewofmarriageitisinterestingtoknowthatthecostsofgettingadivorcearelower.Infact,whereveryougointheUnitedStatestodayitisnotunusualtoseenewspaperadsthatprovideinformationonhowandwheretogetacheapdivorce..HollywoodhasaIwaysbeenknownasthedivorcecapita1oftheworld.Thedivorcerateamongthemoviestarsissohighthatitisdifficulttoknowwhoismarriedtowhom.Todaymanymoviestarschangehusbandsandwivesasthoughtheywerechangingclothes.Unti1marriageagainbecomesaseriousandimportantpartofpeople*s1ives,wewi11probablycontinuetoseeahighrateofdivorce.Questions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.1.WhatdidmanyAmericansthinkofdivorceinthepast?2.WhatistheattitudeofmanyAmericanstomarriagetoday?3.Inthespeaker,sviewwhenwi11thehighrateofdivorcebebroughtdown?Test10SectionA4.W：Raiseyourheadalittlebitandholdthesaddleandsmilealittle.Youlookwonderfulposing1ikethat.ShallIcracktheshutter?Shal1Ipresstheshutter?M:Waitaminute.Letmeputonacowboyhat.Q:Whatarethespeakersdoing?5.M:Vmstillwaitingformysistertocomebackandtypetheapplicationletterforme.W:Whybotherher.V11showyouhowtousethecomputer.It'squiteeasy.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?6.M:Hey,wheredidyoufindthejournal?Ineedit,too.W:Righthereontheshelf.Don5tworry,John.I'11takeitoutonmycardforbothofus.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?7.M:Thankyouforyourhelpfulassistance.Otherwise,I'dsurelyhavemissedit.Theplaceissooutoftheway.W:Itwasapleasuremeetingyou.Goodbye!Q:Whydidthemanthankthewoman?8.W:Weareinformedthattheeleventhirtytrainislateagain.M:Whydidn'ttherailwaycompanyevenbothertoprintaschedule?

103Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

1041.M:MaybeIoughttosubscribetotheEngineeringQuarterly.Itcontainsalotofusefulinformation.W:Whynotreaditinthe1ibraryandsavesomemoney?Q:Whatisthewoman'sadvicetotheman?2.M:rvebeenwaitingallweekforthisconcert.Theperformanceissaidtobeexcellentandwithastudent,sdiscount,theticketswi11bereallycheap.W:Ah-huh.VmafraidIleftmyStudentIDcardinthedorm.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?3.M:Mr.Smith,ourhistoryprofessor,announcedwewouldbedoingtwopapersandthreeexamsthissemester.IwonderhowI'mgoingtopul1throughwhentwoothercourseshavesimilarrequirements.W:Well,can'tyoudroponecourseandpickitupnextsemester?Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?4.W：RentingaConferenceRoomatthehotelwi11costustoomuch.Wearealreadyrunninginthered.M:Howaboutusingourdiningroomforthemeeting?Q:What'sworryingthewoman?5.W:Jerry,canyoupickmeupafterworktoday?I'veleftmycaratthegarage.M:I'mafraidIcan't.Ihavescheduledanappointmentwithaclientatdinnertime.Q:Whatisthemangoingtodo?SectionBPassageOneAfewmonthsago,mi11ionsofpeopleinLondonheardalarmsalloverthetown.TheEmergencyservices,theFireDepartments,thePolice,hospitals,andambulancesstoodby,readytogointoaction.InraiIwayundergroundstations,peoplereadnoticesandmapswhichtoldthemwheretogoandwhattodointheemergency.ThiswasExerciseFloodCall,topreparepeopleforafloodemergency.Londonwasn'tfloodedyet,butitispossiblethatitwouldbe.In1236andin1663,Londonwasbadlyflooded.In1928,people1ivinginWestminster,theheartofLondon,drownedinfloods.Andin1953,onehundredpeople,1ivingontheeasternedgeoftheLondonsuburbswereki1led,again,inthefloods.Atlast,GreaterLondonCounciltookactionstopreventthisdisasterfromhappeningagain.Thoughafloodwallwasbui11inthe1980s,Londonersstillmustbepreparedforthepossibledisaster.Ifithappens,50undergroundstationswi11beunderwater.Electricity,gasandphoneserviceswi11beoutofaction.Roadswillbedrowned.Itwi11beimpossibletocrossanyofthebridgesbetweennorthandsouthLondon.Imagine:Londonwi11look1ikethefamousIta1iancity,Venice.ButthisExerciseFloodCalldidn,tcausepanicamongLondoners.Mostpeopleknewitwasjustawarning.Oneladysaid,"It'safloodwarning,isn'tit?Thewaterdoesn'tlookhightome."Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.6.WhathappenedinLondonafewmonthsago?

1051.WhatmeasurewastakenagainstfloodsinLondoninthe1980s?2.Whatcanwelearnfromthelady'scomment?PassageTwoAmerica'snationalsymbol,thebaldeagle,almostwentextincttwentyyearsago,butithasmadeacomeback.Infact,theU.S.FishandWildLifeServiceisconsideringthepossibi1ityoftakingitofftheEndangeredSpeciesList.Once,morethanfiftythousandpairsofbaldeaglesnestedacrossthecountry,butby1960thatnumberhadfallenbelowfourhundred.ThechiefkillerwasthewidelyusedDDT.FishsoakedupDDT,died,andwerewasheduponshores,wherebaldeaglesfeastedonthem.DDTpreventedeagleeggshel1fromthickening.Theshel1becamesothinthattheyshatteredbeforethebabieshatched.Fortunately,in1972,alawwaspassedtobanDDT,whichsavedthebaldeaglefromtotalwipeout.AndsincethenwiId1ifebiologistshavereintroducedbaldeaglesfromCanadatoAmerica.TheresultwasthatlastyearU.S.birdwatcherscountedeleventhousandsixhundredandtenbaldeaglesinthecountry.IfitweredroppedfromtheEndangeredSpeciesList,thebaldeaglewouldstillbeathreatenedspecies.Thatmeansthebirdwouldcontinuetogetthesameprotection.Nohuntingallowed,andnodisturbingofnests.Butbaldeaglesstillfacetoughtimes.ThedestructionoftheirnaturalhomescouldbethenextDDTcausingeaglenumberstodropquickly.Questions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.3.Whatwasthemainharmfuleffectofthepestki1lerDDTonbaldeagles?4.WhatmeasuredidthewiIdlifebiologiststaketoincreasethenumberofbaldeagles?5.Accordingtothespeaker,whatisthepossibledangerfacingbaldeagles?PassageThreeIftheearthgetshotterinthenewcentury,whatwi11happentoanimalsandtheplantswhichanimalsdependonforsurvival?Thequestionoffersanotherwayoflookingatthe"GreenhouseEffectn.Peoplehavetalkedaboutthegenera1problemofnGloba1Warming11forsometime.Buttheywereusuallyworriedaboutthingslikewhethertobuyahomeonthecoast.BiologistsandotherscientiststurnedtheirattentiontoplantsandanimalsatanimportantmeetingthattookplacelastOctober.Theyreviewedevidencethatplantsandanimalsaresensitivetoclimate.SincetheIceAgeendedtenthousandyearsagoandwarmertemperaturesreturnedtothenorthernlatitudes,manyspecieshavemigratednorth.IfthepredictionsabouttheGreenhousearecorrect,temperatureswi11risebythesameamountinthenextonehundredyearsastheydidinthepasttenthousand.Wi11animalsandplantsbeabletoadaptquicklytochangeintheenvironment?Manywon*t.Certainspecieswi11probablybecomefairlyrare.Expertssayplantsunderclimatestressmaybeveryopentodiseaseandfire.Forestfiresmaybecomemorecommon.That,inturn,mayharmanimalsthatdependonthetreesforfoodorshelter.Anypreserveswesetuptoprotectendangeredspeciesmaybecomeuselessasthespeciesareforcedtomigratealongwiththeirnatura1homes.Changeisapartoflife,butrapidchange,saysscientistGeorgeWoodwell,istheenemyoflife.Questions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

1061.Whatistheconcernofordinarypeopleaboutthe"GreenhouseEffectn?2.WhathashappenedsincetheendoftheICEAGE?3.Whatwi11beapossiblethreattoplantsinthefuture?4.Accordingtothepassage,whatwi11probablyhappentotheendangeredspecies?Test11SectionA1.M:DidyouseeMarthajustnow?Iwanttoaskhertogowithustotheconcerttonight.W：Shemustbearoundsomewhere.Youmightstillbeabletocatchher.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?2.W:Ican'tbeartheairpollutioninthiscityanymore.Itisgettingworseandworse.M:Yousaidit.We'veneverhadsomanyfactoriesbefore.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?3.M:JustthinkIwentthroughsomuchworkonmypaperonlytogetaC.W:Well,Idon'tthinkgradesareeverything.Whatyouhavelearnedintheprocesswi11proveusefulinyourfuturework.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?4.M:Mybrotheriscomingthisweekend,andIwasthinkingthethreeofuscouldgoouttodinnerSaturdaynight.Anysuggestions?W：It'suptoyou.Idon'tknowtherestaurantherethatwell.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?5.W:Icouldn71havewontheawardwithoutyourassistance.Thankyouverymuch.M:Youhavebeenworkingsohard.Youdeservethehonor.Q:Whatdowelearnedfromtheconversation?6.M:rdliketosignupforsomevoluntaryworkwiththeenvironmentcounci1Ihearitisagreatwaytoconnectwiththecommunity.W:Itsureis.Butyou'11havetoputinalotofhours.Soyoumustleavesomeroominschedulingyourtime.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?7.W：CanyoutellmewhenIcanleaveheredoctor?Ihavesomeimportantbusinesstoattendto.M:Thatdependsonhowyourconditionreactstoourtreatment.Youmayleave

107as

108soonasthebleedingstops.Ithinkthatwi11takeacoupleofdays.Q:Whatdoesthedoctormean?1.M:I'mtoldthatAliceistryingtofindajobinanelectronicscompany.W:AsfarasIknow,sheisgoodatanythingbutelectronics.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?2.M:Jimmyisgoingonajourneytomorrow.Shallwehaveafarewel1dinnertonight?W:Doyouthinkit'snecessary?Youknowhewi11beawayjustafewdays.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?3.M:Ithoughtyouweregoingtocal1melastnightabouttheplansfortheconferenceonlanguageteaching.W:Sorry,Ishouldhave,butTomandJanestoppedbyandstayedunti1midnight.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?SectionAPassageOneTheGoldenGateBridgejoinsthebeautifulcityofSanFranciscowiththesuburbstothenorth.Eachdayaboutonehundredthousandautomobilescrossthebridgetakingpeopletoandfromthecity.Morethanhalfofthemcrossthebridgeduringthemorningandeveningrushhourswhentrafficissoheavythetripisnotpleasant.Nowhoweverthereisatleastonegroupofhappycommuters.Thesearethepeoplewhotravelunderthebridgeinsteadofonit.Theygotoworkbyboatandenjoyitsomuchthatmostofthemsaytheywi11nevergobycaragain.Theferrytheytakeisspacious,quietandcomfortable.Commuterscanenjoythesunondeck.Inthemorningtheycanhavebreakfastinthecoffeeshop.Andintheeveningtheycanorderadrinkinthebarwhilelookingatthebeautifulscenery.Thetriptakesonly30minutesandisnotverycostly.Bestofall,beingonaboatseemstomakepeoplemorefriendlytowardeachother.Therehasalreadybeenamarriageoftwocommuterswhometontheferry.Becausetheferryhasbeensosuccessful,thereareplanstouseotherstilllargerboats.Thereisalsoaproposalforahighspeedboatthatwi11makethetripinonly15minutes.Butnoteveryoneishappyaboutthat.Alotofpeoplefeelthathalfanhourisjustenoughtimetorelax.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.AccordingtothespeakerhowdocommutersfeelaboutcrossingtheGoldenGateBridgebycar?12.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutferrycommuters?13.Howdocommutersrespondtoplansforthefutureoftheferry?PassageTwoHowmanyteethhaveyouhadfilledinthepasttwoyears?IfyoufollowtheadviceofDr.Faustickyoumaybeabletoreducethenumberofyourvisitstoadentist.Dr.Faustickconductedatwo-yearstudytofindouthowtopreventorreducedentaldecay.946studentstookpartinanexperiment.523studentscleanedtheirteethwithintenminutesofeatingwhenpossibletheyusedatoothbrush,whenthiswasimpossibletheywashedtheirmouth

109thoroughlywithwater.Theremaining423studentsmerelycleanedtheirteethwhentheywenttobedandwhentheygotupinthemorning.Al1thestudentshadtheirteethX-rayedattheendofthefirstandsecondyears.Attheendofthefirstyear,thenightandmorninggrouphadthreetimesasmanydecayedteethasthecleanafter-each-mea1group.Attheendofthesecondyearthelattergrouphad53percentfewerdecayedteeththantheformergroup.Dr.Faustickhascleanedhisteethaftermealsforthirteenyearsandhasnothadasingledecayedtooth.Hepointedoutthatsugarisamajoragentindentaldecay.Particularlythesugarinsweets,cakes,andsoftdrinks.Idea1lyyoushouldkeepatoothbrushinyourpocketanduseitimmediatelyafteryouhavefinishedeating.Whenthisisimpracticalyoucanatleastmakesurethatyouhaveadrinkofwaterandletthewaterthroughyourteethtoforceoutanyparticlesoffood.7outof10peopleloseatleasthalfoftheirteethbythetimetheyarefifty.Manyhaveacompletesetoffalseteethbythattime.Inanycaseneithertoothachenoravisittoadentistisaverypleasantexperience.Soit'sworthwhilemakinganefforttokeepyouownteethaslongaspossible.Themainpreventativeagentissimplywater.Questions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.Accordingtothepassagewhatkindoffoodismostlikelytocausedentaldecay?12.WhatdoesthepassagetellusabouttheconditionofDr.Faustick9steeth?16.WhatdoesDr.Fausticksuggesttopreventdentaldecay?PassageThreeTheworldwideOrganizationoftheRedCrossstemsfromtheidealofHenriDunant,aSwissBanker.In1838attheageoften,Dunantwastakenbyhisfathertovisitaprison,therehesawprisonerschainedtogetherexercisingintheyardandbreakingstonesalongtheroad.Thisexperienceleftadeepimpressiononhim.Andmadehimdeterminedtodosomethingforconvictsandslavesandfora11whowereoppressedanddeprivedoftheirliberty.On24thofJune1859whileonhiswayfromGenevatoFrance,DunantwitnessedthebattlebetweentheFrenchandAustrianarmies.Itwasoneofthefiercestbattlesofthe19thcentury.Shockedbythelackofmedicalsuppliesandattentiongiventothewounded,Dunantdecidedthatvolunteerserviceshadtobeorganized.Hegatheredtogetheranumberofwomenwhoattendedthehundredsofwoundedsoldiersofallnationalitiesandhelpedthesurgeonsasbestastheycould.FromthatbattleDunantwasdeterminedtoformabodyofpeoplewhowouldrallytogetherintimesofwarandattendtotheneedsofwoundedanddying.Dunantheldthatasufferinghumanbeingshouldbehelpedforhisownsakeonlyandwithoutregardtorace,religion,orpoliticalbeliefs.ManyEuropeansstatessupportedhimandonthe22ndofAugust1864thefirstGenevaConventionwassigned.Thislaysdownthatonceasoldieriswounded

110heandeveryoneelsewhocomestohishelpceasestobeanenemy.Asymbolbywhichthereliefworkerscouldberecognizedwasdevised.AsatributetoSwitzerland,thesymboltheSwissflagreversed.Thatisaredcrossonawhiteground.SotheRedCrosswasborn.Questions17to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.17.WhatfirstledHenriDunanttothinkofhelpingtheoppressed?18.WhatdidHenriDunantdoduringthebattlebetweentheFrenchandAustrianarmies?19.WhatwasHenriDunant7sbeliefwhenhefoundtheRedCross?20.WhywasthesymboloftheRedCrossdesignedwitharedcrossonawhitebackground?Test121.W:Oh,Dick.Youarewearingablackjacketbutyellowtrousers.It'sthestrangestcombinationI'veeverseen.M:Iknow.Igotuplateanddressedinahurry.Ididn'trealizemymistakeuntilIenteredtheoffice.Q:WhatdoesthewomanthinkofthewayDickisdressed?2.M:Excuseme,buthasanyoneturnedinabrownleatherwallet?I'velostmywallet.Itcontainsmydriver'slicense,andalsosomefamilypicturesthatareprettyimportanttome.W:Ohyes,wehadawalletbroughtinthismorning.Waitherejustaminuteplease.Q:Whatwi11thewomanprobablydo?3.M:Excuseme,madam.Istheair-conditioningon?Thisroomisgettingashotasafurnace.W：Sorry,Sir.AnewepidemiccalledSARSisthreateningusrightnow.Asapreventativemeasure,we'retoldtoletinthefreshairbyopeningthewindowsandnottouseairconditioners.Q:Whatdoesthewomanfmean?4.M:Youlookquitedifferentfromwhatyouusedto.W：Sure.Istartedexercisingregularlytwoyearsago,andwentfrom253poundstoahea1thy160pounds.Andnowthat'stheonlythingIdidnotgiveuphalf-way.Q:whatdoweknowaboutthewoman?5.M:Iwonderifyoufindmyexperiencerelevanttothejob.W：Yes,certainly,butifonlyyouhadsentyourapplicationletteraweekearlier.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?6.W:Shouldn,tsomeonegopickuptheclothesfromthelaundry?Theywerereadythreehoursago.M:Don*tlookatme,Morn!Q:Whatdoestheboymean?7.M:Ehhi,couldyoutel1mewhereelectronicproductsaredisplayed?IwanttoseesomeTVs,digitalvideocameras,DVDplayers,thatsortofthing.W：Well,severalcountriesaredisplayingelectronicproducts.Chinazsselectionisvery

111largethisyear.YoumightaswellgototheEastWingfirsttotakealookattheChinesebooth.Q:Whereisthisconversationmostprobablytakingplace?2.M:Wei1,whatdidyouthinkofthemovie?W:Idon'tknowwhyIletyoutalkedmeintogoing.Ijustdon't1ikeviolence.Nexttime,youzdbetterchooseacomedy.Q:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?3.W:Whodoyouthinkshouldgetthejob?HowaboutMr.Becket?M:Mr.Becket?I'mnotsure.He'sanicefellow,ofcourse,andeasytogetalongwith.ButIdoubthisprofessionalexpertise.Iwantsomeonewhocangetthejobdone.QWhatdowelearnfromtheconversationaboutMr.Becket?4.MDoyouthinkhomevideoplayerswi11replacemovietheatresandforcethemoutoftheentertainmentbusiness?WWe'recertainlyfacedwiththegreatchailengefromtheDVDindustry.That,swhyIthinkwehavetorevolutionizeourconceptofmovieshowing.AsIseeit,themovietheatreshouldnotjustbeaplacetowatchafilm,butaplacetomeetpeople.Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkofthemovietheatre?SectionBPassageOneFewpeoplecanstandforthespiritofearlyAmericaasmuchasBenjaminFranklin.He1ivedthroughalmostthewholeofthe18thScentury.Hewasborn6yearsafterthecenturybegan,anddied10yearsbeforeitended.Duringthistime,hesawtheAmericancoloniesgrowfromtinysettlementsintoanation.Andhealsocontributedmuchtothenewstate.Hewasdeeplyinterestedinscienceandnaturalhistory,andhisexperimentswithelectricityand1ighteningleddirectlytotheinventionofthe1ighteningrod.Hewasalsointerestedinimprovingtheconditionsofhisfellowmen.HewasinvolvedinanumberofprojectsinhisnativePhiladelphia,includingthesetting-upofalibrary,auniversity,aphilosophicalsociety,andafire-preventionservice.HeworkedhardtoenabletheAmericancoloniestogainindependencefromBritain.AsanambassadortoFrance,heencouragedtheFrenchtohelpGeorgeWashington.Afterthewar,heattendedtheAmericanconstitutionalCongress.Thiswashislastcontribution,forhediedlaterthatyear.HeisstillfirmlyrememberedbytheAmericansasoneofthecreatorsoftheUnitedStates.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.5.WhatdidthespeakersayaboutBenjaminFranklin?6.HowdidFranklinhelpGeorgeWashington?7.Accordingtothepassage,whatisFranklinstillwel1rememberedas?PassageTwoYuppiesareyoungpeoplewhoearnalotofmoneyand1iveinastylethatistooexpensiveformostpeople.Ifyouareinvitedtoayuppiedinnerparty,don'tbesurprisedifyouareofferedfreshlycookedinsectsasthefirstcourse.Whiletheideaofeatingfriedinsects

112fillsmostofuswithhorror.Insect-eatingisbecominghighlyfashionable.Forexample,inthemediaindustry,successfulexecutivesareoftenseeneatingfriedorboiledinsectsfromtimetotimewhileworkingattheirdesks.Thesesafetoeatinsectscanbefouledandorderedontheinternet,andyoungpeopleareloggingontoexoticfoodwebsitesandorderingsamplesofpreparedinsectstoserveattheirdinnerparties.Althoughtheideaofeatinginsectsisprobablydisgustingtomostofus,fewpeoplewouldclaimthatpigs,chickensandsomekindsofseafoodweofteneatareexamplesofgreatbeauty.Oneday,insectscouldbemarketedandsoldasafooditeminsupermarkets.Accordingtotheirfans,theyarenotonlyhighinproteinandlowinfat,butalsoverytasty.Butunti1ourattitudestofoodchangefundamentally,itseemsthatinsect-eaterswi11remainaselectfew.Questions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.2.Whydidthespeakersaywemightbesurprisedatayuppiedinnerparty?3.Wherecanpeopleordertheunusualfoodmentionedbythespeaker?4.Whyaresomeyuppiesattractedbytheunusualfood?5.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthefutureofthistypeofunusua1food?PassageThreeManypeopledislikewalkingintothebank,standinginlong1ines,andrunningoutofchecks.Theyaredissatisfiedwiththeirbanks'1imitedhours,too.Theywanttodosomebankingatnight,andonweekends.Forsuchpeople,theirproblemsmaysoonbeover.Beforelong,theymaybeabletodotheirbankingfromthecomfortoftheirownhome,anyhouroftheday,anydayoftheweek.Manybanksarepreparingonlinebranches,orinternetoffices,whichmeansthatpeoplewi11beabletotakecareofmuchoftheirbankingbusinessthroughtheirhomecomputers.Thisprocessiscalledinteractivebanking.Attheseonlinebranches,customerswi11beabletoviewalltheiraccounts,movemoneybetweentheiraccounts,applyforaloan,andgetcurrentinformationonproductssuchascreditcards.Customerswi11alsobeabletopaytheirbillselectronica1ly,andevene-ma11theirquestionstothebank.Banksarecreatingonlineservicesforseveralreasons.Onereasonisthatbanksmustcompeteforcustomerswhowi11switchtoanotherbankiftheyaredissatisfiedwiththeservicetheyreceive.Theconvenienceoftheonlinebankingappealstothekindofcustomerbanksmostwanttokeep,thatis,peoplewhoareyoung,wel1-educatedandhavegoodincomes.Banksalsowanttotakeadvantageofmodemtechnologysincetheyhavemovedintothe21stcentury.Questions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.6.Whatisoneofthemasonsforpeople7sdissatisfactionwithtraditionalbanks?7.Whatkindofcustomerdoesonlinebankingappealto?8.Whydobankscreatonlineservicesaccordingtothepassage?Test139.M:I'mlookingforanunfurnishedtwo-bedroomapartment,buta11yourapartments

113arefurnished.W:Wecantakecareofthat.Wecansimplyremovethefurniture.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?2.W：Idon'tagreewithMr.Johnsononhisviewsaboutsocialwelfare.Heseemstosuggestthatthepoorarerobbingtherich.M:Hemighthaveusedbetterwordstoexpresshisideas.ButVvefoundwhathesaidmakesalotofsense.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?3.W:I'vebeenstudyinga11thetime,butIstillcan'tseeanyimprovementinmygrades.M:Maybeinsteadofstudyinginyourdorm,you'dbettergosomeplacewheretherearefewerdistractions.Q:Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantodo?4.W：Theseminaroriginallyscheduledfortodayhasbeencancelled.Thehoursrvespentpreparingforitaretotallywasted.M:Notrea1ly.AsfarasIknowit'sbeenpostponedtillnextweek.Q:Whatdoesthemansayabouttheseminar?5.M:Hi,Janet,Ihearyou'vejustreturnedfromatourofAustralia.DidyougetachancetovisittheSydneyOperaHouse?W:OfcourseIdid.11wouldbeashameforanyonevisitingAustralianottoseethisuniquecreationinarchitecture.Itsmagnificentbeautyissimplybeyonddescription.Q:Whatdowelearnfromthisconversation?6.M:Sherry,howareyoudoingwithyourthesis?W：Ohmythesis.That'ssomethingIdefinitelydon'twanttotalkaboutrightnow.Ifinishedmyfirstdraftsometimeago.ButmysupervisorsaidIshoulddomoreresearchifIwanttoachievethequalitythatheexpectsofme.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversationaboutthewoman'sthesis?7.WIcan'tbelieveKarenislateforsuchanimportantoccasionasajobinterview.Iremindedhertimeandagainyesterday.M:Youshouldhaveknownherbetterbynow.Everythingyoutel1hergoesinoneearandouttheother.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?8.W：Hi,Joe,Iwonderifyoucoulddomeafavorandtel1theprofessorVvelostmyvoice.SoIcan'tattendthismorning'sclass.Ineedtimetostudyfortomorrow'sexam.M:Idon'tthinkitzswisetosayso.Sinceyou'renotgoingtogivethelecture,youmightaswel1simplyskiptheclassandapologizetotheprofessorlater.Q:Whatwi11thewomanprobablydo?9.M:Afterhighschool,I'd1iketogotocollegeandmajorinbusinessadministration.Ireallylikepowerandenjoytel1ingpeoplewhattodo.W:You'reveryambitious.ButI'dratherspendmycollegedaysfindingoutwhatchiIdrenareinterestedin.Child'spsychologyisforme.

114Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?2.M:Itseemstherestaurantsherehavelittlebusinessthesedays.W:That'strue.Butoursisascenicresort.Andthisisnotthebusyseason.Whensummercomes,you'llseearmiesoftouristswaitinginlineinordertogetaseat.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversationabouttherestaurantsinthetown?SectionBPassageOneBothJohnandSuejoinedthestaffofasuccessfulpublicrelationsfirminNewYorkduringthesameyear.TheyhadjustcompletedtheirPRdegreesatanearbyuniversityandwerethrilledtobehiredbyoneofthefinestPRfirmsinthecity.John,sfirstassignmentwastocreateapromotioncampaignforaclientwhowasputtinganewgameonthemarket.InitiallySuewasassignedtoworkwithasportswearcompanyonamarketingconceptforitsnewest1ineofclothing.Astimepassedandworkwiththeirrespectivefirstclientsbecamemoreandmoredifficult,JohnandSuerealizedthattheyhadbeenassignedtwoofthetoughestclientsintown.AlthoughJohncompletedhisassignmentsquicklyandsuccessfully,hewasfuriouswhenhelearnedthatthebosshaddeliberatelyassignedhimadifficultclient.Inresponsehenotonlycomplainedtohiscolleaguesbutalsototheboss,ssecretary.Sue,ontheotherhand,hadamoredifficulttimesatisfyingherfirstclientandshetookseveraladditionalmonthstoactuallycompletetheassignment.However,shejustlaughedwhensheheardthatthebosshadmadetheassignmentpurposely.Overthenexttwoyears,Johnworkedreluctantlywitheachassignmentandproblemthatheencountered.Sueacceptedeachassignmentcheerfully.Andwhenproblemsarose,sherespondedwithhercharacteristic"Noproblem,Icanhandleit."AlthoughSuetooklongertocompleteherprojectsthanJohnandbothwereequallysuccessfulontheassignmentstheycompleted,Suewasgiventhefirstpromotionwhentherecameavacancy.Questions11to14arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.3.What'stherelationshipbetweenJohnandSuenow?

1152.WhywasJohnfuriousafterhefinishedhisfirstassignment?3.What'sSue'sattitudetodifficulttasks?4.Howdoesthestoryend?Passage2AmericanvisitorstoEasternAsiaareoftensurprisedandpuzzledbyhowAsianculturesandcustomsdifferfromthoseintheUnitedStates.What'sconsideredtypicalorpropersocialconductinonecountrymayberegardasodd,improperorevenrudeintheother.Forexample,peoplefromsomeEasternAsiancountriesmaybeginaconversationwithastrangerbyaskingpersona1questionsaboutfamily,homeorwork.Suchquestionsarethoughttobefriendly,whereastheymightbeconsideredoffensiveintheUnitedStates.Ontheotherhand,peopleinmostAsianculturesarefarmoreguardedaboutexpressingtheirfeelingspubliclythanmostAmericansare.Openlydisplayingannoyanceoranger,yel1ing,arguingloudlyandsoforthisconsideredi11-manneredincountriessuchasJapan.ManyEasternAsiansprefertoholdtheiremotionsincheckandinsteadexpressthemselveswithgreatpoliteness.Theytrynottobebluntandavoidmakingdirectcriticisms.Infact,theyoftenkeeptheirdifferencesofopiniontothemselvesandmerelysmileandremainsilentratherthanengageinaconfrontation.Bycomparison,Americansareoftenfrankaboutdisplayingbothpositiveandnegativeemotionsonthestreetandinotherpublicplaces.AmericansvisitingAsiashouldkeepinmindthatsuchbehaviormaycauseoffense.AmajordifferencebetweenAmerican'scultureandmostEasternAsianculturesisthatinEasternAsia,thecommunityismoreimportantthantheindividual.MostAmericansareconsideredasuccesswhentheymakeanameforthemselves.Questions15to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.5.HowwouldsomeAsiansstarttheirconversationwhentheymeetforthefirsttime?6.WhatwouldaJapanesedowhenhefeelsannoyed?7.WhatisencouragedinAmericancultureaccordingtothepassage?Passage3Inorderforachemicaltobeconsideredadrug,itmusthavethecapacitytoaffecthowthebodyworks.Nosubstancethathasthepowertodothisiscompletelysafe.Drugsareapprovedonlyaftertestshavedemonstratedthattheyarerelativelysafewhenusedasdirectedandwhentheirbenefitsoutweightheirrisks.Thussomeverydangerousdrugsareapprovedbecausetheyarenecessarytotreatseriousi1Inesses.Manypeoplesufferi11effectsfromdrugscalledsideeffects,eventhoughtheytakethedrugexactlyasdirected.Thehumanpopulationcontainsagreatvarietyofgeneticvariation,butdrugsaretestedonjustafewthousandpeople.Whenaparticulardrugistakenbymi11ions,somepeoplemaynotrespondinapredictableway,eventhoughthedrughasbeentested.Apatientmayalsoacquireatoleranceforacertaindrug,whichmeansthepatienthastotakeeverlargerdosestoproducethedesiredeffect.Tolerancemayleadtohabit,inwhichthepersonbecomessodependentonthedrugthatheorshebecomesaddictedtoit.Additioncausesseverepsychologica1andphysicaldisturbanceswhenthedrugistakenaway.Finally,drugsoften

116haveunwantedsideeffects.Thisusuallycausesonlyminordiscomfort,suchasaskinrash,headacheorsleepiness.Certaindrugs,however,canproduceseriousadversereactions.Questions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.2.Underwhatcircumstancesaredrugsapproved?3.Whydomanypeoplesuffersideeffectsfromadrugeventhoughtheytakeitasdirected?4.Whatwi11happenwhenpatientsacquireatoleranceforacertaindrug?Test14SectionA1.M:Whatdoyouthinkofthegovernment'snewtaxcutproposal?W：Thoughitmaygivesomebenefittothepoor,itskeycomponentistheeliminationoftaxondividends.Thatmeanstherichwi11getricher.Q:Whatdoesthewomanthinkaboutthegovernment'staxcutproposal?2.M:Jenny,rememberthis:ajobworthdoingatallisworthdoingwell.W:Oh,yes!Icertainlywon71forgetit.Butdon'texpectmetosticktothejobjustbecauseitpaysafewmorebucks.Alifeofcontinuousexplorationisa1ifeworth1iving.Q:Whatcanbeinferredaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?3.M:Ifoundthatoneofmyschoolmatesusesdrugs.HowcanIhelphim,Morn?W:Stayawayfromhim,son.Neverthinkthatyoucantalkhimoutofthehabitifheisaddicted.Butperhapsyoucantalktoyourteacheraboutthematter.Q:What'sthewoman'sadvicetoherson?4.W:Idon'tknowhowyoucaneatsomuchyetneverputonanyweight,son.Yourfather'sgotthesameluck.Ican'ttakeabitewithoutcalculatinghowmanycaloriesIamtaking.M:ButrememberAuntLouis,Morn?sheatealotandnevergainedapound.Q:Whoisworriedaboutgainingweight?5.W：Didyouturnoffthelightsandcheckthelocksonallthedoors?M:Yes,ItoldtheJohnsonsthatwe'dbegonefortwoweeks.Theypromisetokeepaneyeonthehouseforus.Q:Whatarethetwospeakersgoingtodo?6.M:Hurryup,Linda!Ihearthattherearen7tmanyticketsleftforthefootballmatch.W:Iamreadynow.Let'sgo.Itistheearlybirdthatcatchestheworm.Q:Whydidthemanaskthewomantohurryup?7.W：Didyouhearthattheconveniencestorenexttothegasstationwashelduplastnight’?M:Yes,IhearditontheradiothismorningQ:Whathappenedtotheconveniencestore?8.M:Congratulations!1justheardaboutyouracceptanceinthelawschool.Doyouthinkyouwouldjoinyourbrother,sfirmaftergraduation?WNotlikely.Heisataxlawyer,andIamgoingtomajorincriminallaw.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

1171.M:Excuseme,butcouldyoutel1mehowtogettotheFriendshipHotel?Ithoughtitwasonthiscomer,buyIseemtohavemadeamistake.W:Iamsorry,butIamastrangerheremyself.Maybeyoucantryca11ingthem.Thereisaphoneoverthereoutsidethedepartmentstore.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?2.M:Howisitgoing,Mary?Youlookalittleoverwhelmed.W:Exactly.Youknow,I'vegotami11ionthingstodoandal1ofthemhavetobefinishedinthenext30minutes.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?SectionACompoundDictationCertainphrasesonecommonlyhearsamongAmericanscapturetheirdevotiontoindividualism:"Doyouownthing.""Ididitmyway.""You'11havetodecidethatforyourself.""Youmadeyourbed,now(SI)1ieinit.""Ifyoudon'tlookoutforyourself,nooneelsewi11."MLookoutfornumberone.”Closely(S2)associatedwiththevaluetheyplaceonindividualismistheimportanceAmericans(S3)assigntoprivacy.Americansassumethatpeople"needsometimetothemselves**or"sometimealoneHtothinkaboutthingsorrecovertheir(S4)spentpsychologicalenergy.Americanshavegreat(S5)difficultyunderstandingforeignerswhoalwayswanttobewithanotherperson,whodis1ikebeingalone.fftheparentscan(S6)affordit,eachchiIdwi11havehisorherownbedroom.Havingone'sownbedroom,evenasan(S7)infant,fixesinapersonthenotionthat(S8)sheisentitledtoaplaceofherownwhereshecanbebyherselfandkeepherpossessions.Shewi11haveherclothes,hertoy,herbooks,andsoon.Thesethingswi11behersandnooneelse's.Americansassumethat(S9)peoplewillhavetheirprivatethoughtsthatmightneverbesharedwithanyone.Doctors,lawyers,psychiatrists,andothershaverulesgoverning"confidentiality"thatareintendedtopreventinformationabouttheirclients'personalsituationsformbecomingknowntoothers.American'sattitudeaboutprivacycanbehardforforeignerstounderstand.(S10)Americans'houses,yards,andeventheirofficescanseemopenandinviting,yet,inIhcmindsofAmericans,IhcrcarcboundariesIhalolherpeoplearcsimplynolsupposedtocross.Whenthoseboundariesarecrossed,anAmerican,sbodywi11visiblystiffenandhismannerwi11becomecoolandaloof.Test15SectionA1.M:TheDeanjustannouncedthatDr.Holden'sgoingtotakeoveraschairmanofthehistorydepartment.W:Iknewit"allalong!He'stheobviouschoice.Alltheothercandidatesarenomatch

118forhim!Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?1.W:Hey,letmeknowhowyoursummer*sgoing!I'llmissyouguyswhileI'mworkinghereinthe1ibrary.M:V11beworking,too!ButV11sendyouanemailorcallyouonceinawhile.Whenweallgetbacktoschool,wecanhaveapartyorsomething.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthetwospeakers?2.W:Iknowit'stheendoftheseason,butthosepeachesweresuchabargainthatIcouldn'thelpbuyingthem!Haveoneplease!M:Thankyou!Actually,theyseempasstheirprime.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?3.M:Theassignmentonphysicsisarealchallenge.Idon'tthinkIcanfinishitontimeorbymyself.W:Whydon'twejoinourfeettogether?Itmaybeeasierthen.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggest?4.M:JeanreallylosthertemperinDr.Brown'sclassthismorning.W:Oh?Didshe?ButIthinkherfranknessisreallysomethingtobeappreciated.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?5.W:Weheardthatwhenyouareakid,yousubmittedastorytoReader'sDigest.M:Well,Idon'trememberthisstoryexactly,butmyideaofagreattimethenwasapadoflinedpaperandanewbluepen.IthoughtmyselfasaReader'sDigestmemberattheageofsix.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthemanfromtheconversation?6.M:Yoursoncertainlyshowsalotofenthusiasmonthetenniscourt.W:Ionlywishhe'dshowasmuchforhisstudies.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimplyaboutherson?7.W:WearesupposedtomeetJohnhereattherailwaystation.M:That's1ikelookingforaneedleinahaystack.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?8.M:ProfessorStevenson,asaneconomist,howdoyoulookuponthesurgingChineseeconomy?Doesitconstituteathreattotherestoftheworld?W：IbelieveChina*seconomicsuccessshouldbeseenmoreasanopportunitythanathreat.ThosewholookeduponitasathreatoverlookedthebenefitofChina'sgrowthtotheworld'seconomy.Theyalsolacktheunderstandingofelementaryeconomics.Q:WhatdoesProfessorStevensonthinkofChina'seconomy?9.W:Ourschoolhasjustbuiltsomenewapartmentsnearcampus,butonebedroomrunsfor500dollarsamonth.M:That,sabitbeyondthereachofmoststudents!Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?SectionB

119PassageOneIhadflownfromSanFranciscotoVirginiatoattendaconferenceonmulticulturalism.Hundredsofeducatorsfromacrossthecountryweremeetingtodiscusstheneedforgreatercultura1diversityintheschoolcurriculum.Itookataxitomyhotel.Ontheway,mydriverandIchattedaboutthewheatherandthetourists.Thedriverwasawhitemaninhisforties.fHowlonghaveyoubeeninthiscountry?'heasked.'Allmylife!’Ireplied,'IwasbornintheUnitedStates.'Withstrongsouthernaccent,heremarked,zIwaswonderingbecauseyourEnglishisexcellent.'ThenIexplainedasIhaddonemanytimesbefore,'MygrandfathercameherefromChinainthe1880s.MyfamilyhasbeenhereinAmericaforoverahundredyears.'Heglancedatmeinthemirror.Somehow,Ididn'tlookAmericantohim.Myappearancelookedforeign.Questions1ikedtheonemytaxidriveraskedmakemefeeluncomfortable.ButIcanunderstandwhyhecouldnotseemeasanAmerican.Hehadanarrowbutwidelysharedsenseofthepast:ahistorythathasviewedAmericansasdescendantsofEuropeans.RacehasfunctionedassomethingnecessarytotheconstructionofAmericancharacterandqualityinthecreationofournationalidentity—Americanhasbeendefinedas'white'.ButAmericanhasbeenraciallydiversesinceourverybeginningontheVirginiashorewherethefirstgroupofEnglishmenandAfricansarrivedinthe17thcentury.Andthisrea1ityisincreasinglybecomingvisibleeveryday.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.1.Whatwasthethemeoftheconferencethespeakerwastoattend?2.WhydidthetaxidriveraskthespeakerhowlonghehasbeenintheUS?13.Whatmessagedidthespeakerwishtoconvey?PassageTwoLawshavebeenwrittentogoverntheuseoftheAmericanNationa1Flag,andtoensureproperrespectfortheflag.Customhasalsogovernedthecommonpracticeinregardtoitsuse.Al1thearmedserviceshavepreciseregulationsonhowtodisplaythenationa1flag.Thismayvarysomewhatfromthegenera1rules.Thenationalflagshouldberaisedandloweredbyhand.Donotraisetheflagwhileit'sfolded.Unfoldtheflagfirst,andthenhoistitquicklytothetopoftheflagpole.Loweritslowlyandwithdignity.Placenoobjectsonorovertheflag.Donotusetheflagaspartofacostumeorathleticuniform.Donotprintituponcushions,handkerchiefs,papernapkinsorboxes.Afederallawprovidesthatthetrademarkcannotberegisteredifitcomprisestheflag,orbadgersoftheUS.Whentheflagisusedtounveilastatueormonument,itshouldn,tserveasacoveringoftheobjecttobeunveiled.Ifitisdisplayedonsuchoccasions,donotallowtheflagtofalltotheground,butletitbecardedhighupintheairtoformafeatureoftheceremony.Takeeveryprecautiontopreventtheflagfromgettingsoiled.Itshouldnotbeallowedtotouchthegroundorfloor,nortobrushagainstobjects.Questions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.HowdoAmericansensureproperrespectforthenationalflag?15.WhatistheregulationregardingtheraisingoftheAmericanNationalFlag?16.How

120shouldtheAmericanNationalFlagbedisplayedatanunvei1ingceremony?17.WhatdowelearnabouttheuseoftheAmericanNationa1Flag?PassageThreeInsomelargeAmericancityschools,asmanyas20-40%ofthestudentsareabsenteachday.Therearetwomajorreasonsforsuchabsences:oneissickness,andtheotheristruancy.Thatisstayingawayfromschoolwithoutpermission.Sinceschoolofficialscan'tdomuchaboutthei1Iness,theyareconcentratingonreducingthenumberoftruancy.OneofthemostpromisingschemeshasbeentriedinFlorida.Thepupilstherewithgoodattendancehavebeengivenfreehamburgers,toysandT-shirts.Classesaretoldiftheyshowimprovedratesofattendance,theycanwinadditiona1gifts.Atthesametime,teachersareencouragedtoinspiretheirstudentstocometoschoolregularly.Whenthoseteachersaresuccessful,theyarealsorewarded."We'vebeenpunishingtruancyforyears,butthathasn'tbroughtthembacktoschool,"oneschoolprincipalsaid.Nowwearetryingthepositiveapproach.Notonlydoyoulearnbyshowingupeveryday,butyouearn.InSanFrancisco,theboardofeducationhashadasomewhatsimilaridea.Schoolsthatshowadecreaseindeliberatedestructionofpropertycanreceivetheamountofmoneythatwouldbespentonrepairsandreplacements.Forexample,12,000dollarshadbeensetasideforaschool,spropertydamageseveryyear.Sincerepairexpensesofdamagedpropertyrequiredonly4,000dollars,theremaining8,000dollarswasturnedovertothestudentactivityfund."Ourdemocracyoperatesonhopeandencouragement,"saidtheschoolboardmember."Whynotprovidesomepositivegoa1sforstudentsandteacherstoenact?11Questions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.18.Whichreasonforstudents'absencesisdiscussedingreatdetail?19.Whowi11benefitfromtheschemebeingtriedinFlorida?20.WhatmeasurehasbeentakeninSanFranciscotoreducethedestructionofschoolproperty?Test16SectionA1.M:Mary,couldyoupleasetel1Thomastocontactme?Iwashopinghewouldbeabletohelpoutwiththefreshmanorientationprogramnextweek.W:Iwouldcertainlytel1himifIsawhim.ButIhaven'tseenhimaroundforquiteafewdays.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?2.M:Susan,I'mgoingtochangethe1ightbulbabovethedinningroomtable,wi11youholdtheladderforme?W：Noproblem!Butbecarefulwhileyou'reupthere!Q:Whatdoesthemanwantthewomantodo?3.W:It'sfreezingcold!Letmemakesomecoffeetowarmusup.Doyouwantapieceofpieaswell?

121M:Coffeesoundsgreat!ButPmgoingtohavedinnerwithsomefriendsinawhile,soI'dbetterskipthepie.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?2.W：HowcomeJimlosthisjob?M:Ididn'tsayhehadlostit.AllIsaidwasifhedidn'tgetoutandstartseilingafewcarsinsteadofidlingarounda11day,hemightfindhimselflookingforanewjob.Q:WhatdoesthemansayaboutJim?3.M:Hello,Mary!ThisisPaulatthebank.IsTonyhome?W:Notyet,Paul.Idon'tthinkyoucanreachhimattheofficenow,either.Hephonedmefiveminutesagotosayhewasstoppingforahaircutonhiswayhome.Q:Whodoyouthinkthewomanprobablyis?4.W:Oh,boy!Idon'tunderstandhowyougotatickettoday!1aIwaysthoughtyouwereslowevendrivingonalesscrowdedfastlane.M:I'musuallycareful.Butthistime,IthoughtIcouldgetthroughtheintersectionbeforethe1ightturned.Q:Whatdowelearnabouttheman?5.W:Yourdogcertainlyseemstoknowyouarehismaster.Didyouhavetopunishhimveryoftenwhenyoutrainedhim?M:Ifounditmuchbettertopraisehimwhenheobeysandnottobesofussywhenhemakesmistakes.Q:Whatdoesthemansayabouttrainingdogs?6.M:I'mafraidtherewon'tbetimetodoanothertoothtoday.Makesureyoudon'teatanything1ikesteaksforthenextfewhours.Andwewi11filltheothercavitytomorrow.W:Al1right!Actually,Imusthurrytothelibrarytoreturnsomebooks.Q:Wheredoestheconversationmostprobablytakeplace?7.W：I'mworriedaboutJennygoingtocollege.CollegestudentsaresowiIdnowadays.M:Actually,onlyafewarelikethat.Moststudentsaretoobusystudyingtohavetimetocausetrouble.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?8.W：Youdidn'tseemterriblyenthusiasticabouttheperformance.M:Youmustbekidding!Icouldn'thaveclappedanyharder!Myhandsarestillhurting!Q:Whatdoesthemanthinkoftheperformance?SectionBPassageOneBornandraisedincentralOhio,Iamacountrygirlthroughandthrough.I'mcurrentlystudyingtobecomeaphysicaltherapist,acareerpaththatmarksagreatachievementforme.AtOhioStateUniversity,admissionintothephysicaltherapyprogramisintenselycompetitive.ImadeitpassthefirstcoursethefirstyearIapplied,butwasturneddownforadmission.Iwascrushed,becauseforyearsIhadbeendeterminedtobecomeaphysicaltherapist.Ireceived

122advicefromfriendsandrelativesaboutchangingmymajorandfindinganothercourseformy1ife.Ijustcouldn'tdoit.IknewIcouldnotbeashappyatanotherprofession.SoIstilledmyself,begantoworkseriouslyforanotheryear,andreapplied.Happily,Ireceivednoticeofmyadmission.LaterIfoundoutthatlessthan15%oftheapplicantshadbeenofferedpositionsthatyear.Now,inthefirsttwoyearsofprofessionaltraining,Icouldn'tbehappierwithmydecisionnottogiveupallmydream.MyfathertoldmethatifIwantitbadlyenough,Iwillgetin.Welldaddy,Iwantit,sothere.Aftergraduation,Iwouldliketotraveltoanothercountry,possiblyaLatin-Americancountryandworkinachildren,shospitalforayearortwo.Somanyofthechildrentherearephysicallyhandicapped,butmosthospitalsdon'thavethefundingtohireandtrainstafftocareforthemproperly.Iwouldliketochangethatsomehow.Questions11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.2.Whatisthespeaker*sfieldofstudy?3.Accordingtothespeaker,whatcontributedtoheradmissiontoOhioStateUniversity?4.WhydoesthespeakerwanttogotoaLatin-Americancountry?PassageTwoGabrielaMistralwasonceanordinaryteacherinasma11viHageschoolinnorthernChile.Toweringmountainsseparatedhervi1lagefromtheworldoutside.GabrielaMistralwasonly15whenshebeganteaching,butshewasagoodteacher.Shehelpedthemindsofherstudentsscalethemountainwallsandreachedouttotheworldbeyond.For18years,GabrieladevotedherlifetothepoorfarmchiIdrenofChile'snorthernva1leys.Duringpartofthistime,shewasdirectorofschoolsinal1ofChile.Beforelong,manycountriesrecognizedherasagreatfriendofchildrenandaleaderineducation.In1922,shewasinvitedtoMexicotohelporganizetheWorldSchoolSystem.Twoyearslater,GabrielaMistralcametotheUnitedStateswheresheservedasavisitingprofessorinsevera1colleges.InNewYorkcity,agroupofteachershelptofinancethepublicationofherfirstbookofpoetry.Someofherbookshavebeentranslatedinto6differentlanguages.ShegavetheincomefromsomeofherbookstohelppoorandneglectedchiIdren.Beginninginthe1920s,herinterestsreacheddowntobroaderfields.StatesmenaskedheradviceonInternationa1problems.ShetriedtobreakthroughthenationalbarriersthathinderedtheexchangeofideasamongtheSpanish-speakingpeopleofSouthAmerica.ShetriedtodevelopabetterunderstandingbetweentheUnitedStatesandcountriesofLatinAmerica.In1945,shegainedworld-widerecognitionbywinningtheNobelPrizeinliterature,thefirstSouthAmericantowintheprize.Questions14to17arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.5.WheredidGabrielaMistralstartherteachingcareer?6.HowdidGabrielaMistralhelpthepoorchildrenofherhometown?7.WhydidmanycountriesthinkhighlyofGabrielaMistral?

1232.HowdidGabrielaMistralbecomefamousa11overtheworld?PassageThreeOvertimeanimalshavedevelopedmanywaystostayawayfrompredators.Apredatorisananimalthathuntsandeatsotheranimals.Hidingisoneofthebestwaystostayalive.Someanimalshidebylookingliketheplaceswherethey1ive.Toseehowthisworks,let'slookattheSeaDragon.Itisamasterofdisguise.TheSeaDragoniscoveredwithskinthatlookslikeleaves.TheskinhelpstheDragonlooklikeapieceofseaweed.Ahungrymeat-eaterwouldstayawayfromanythingthatlookslikeseaweed.Otheranimalsstaysafebyshowingtheircolors.Theywantotheranimalstoseethem.Scientistscal1thesebrightcolorswarningcolors.Youhaveprobablyseenanimalsthathavewarningcolors.Somegrasshoppersshowofftheirownbrightcolors.Thosecolorsdon'tjustlookattractive.Theytelltheirenemiestostayaway.Ofcourse,hungrypredatorssometimesignoredthewarning.Theystillgouptothegrasshopper.Ifthathappens,thegrasshopperhasabackupdefense.Itmakeslotsoffoam.Thefoamtastessobadthatthepredatorwon,tdoitagain.Colordoesn'tofferenoughprotectionforsomeotheranima1s.TheyhavedifferentdefensesthathelpthemsurviveinthewiId.Manyfish1iveingroupsorschoolsthat,sbecausetheyaresafetyinnumbers.Atthefirstsignoftrouble,schoolingfishswimasclosetogetherastheycanget.Thentheschooloffishmakeslotsoftwistsandturns.Allthatmovementmakesithardforpredatorstoseeindividualsinalargegroup.Questions18to20arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.3.Whatisthespeakermainlytalkingabout?4.WhatprotectstheSeaDragonfromthemeat-eater'sattack?5.Accordingtothepassage,whydomanyfishstayingroups?Test17SectionA6.W:DoyouknowwhyMaryhassuchalongfacetoday?M:Idon'thavethefoggiestidea!Sheshouldbehappyespeciallysinceshegotapromotionyesterday.Q:Whatdidthespeakersmean?7.M:Hi,Johanna!AreyouinterestedingoingtoanartexhibitiononSunday?Afriendofmineisshowingsomeofherpaintingsthere.It'stheopeningnight.Freedrinksandfood!W:Well,actually,Idon'thaveanythingplanned.Itsoundskindoffun!Q:WhatdidthemaninvitethewomantodoonSunday?8.M:Youdidanexcellentjobinschool!Youwereindeedagreatstudent!Wheredidyourdrivecomefrom?W:Academicachievementswereimportanttomyparentsasimmigrants.Educationiswhereital1begins.Mymotherinparticulartriestogetmeinterestedinschool.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthewomanfromtheconversation?

1242.M:IheartheSunflowerHea1thClubonThirdStreetisgood.W:Notrightnow!Iusedtogothere.Ithoughtitwasgreatbecauseitwasrealcheap.Buttheproblemwasitwasalwayscrowded.Sometimes,Ihadtowaittousethemachines.Q:WhatdoesthewomansayabouttheSunflowerHealthClub?3.W：Tomisveryexcited.Justyesterdayhereceivedhisdoctoraldegreeandinafewminuteshe'11beputtingtheringonSarah'sfinger.M:He'srea1lysuchaluckydog!SarahisalovelybrideandtonighttheyaregoingtoHawaiiontheirhoneymoon.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?4.W:Yourchemistryexaminationisover,isn'tit?Whydoyoustilllooksoworried?M:Idon'tknow.11wasn'tthatthequestionsweretoohard,orthereweretoomanyofthem.ButVmstillfeelinguneasybecausetheexamdidn,tseemtohavemuchtodowiththecoursematerial.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?5.W：Yourwifetoldmethatyoueatoutfourorfivetimesaweek.Irea1lyenvyyou.M:Don*tenvyme.It'sforbusiness.Infact,Vmsickandtiredofrestaurantfood.Sometimes,Ijustpreferahome-cookedmeal.Q:Whydoesthemansayheofteneatsout?6.W:IwasamazedwhenIheardTonyplayedthepianosoexpertly.Fromthewayhetalked,Ithoughthewasjuststartinghislessons.M:Oh,no!That'sthewayhealwaystalks!Q:WhatcanweinferaboutTonyfromtheconversation?7.M:WhatdoyouthinkofpeoplesuingMcDonaldsformakingthemfat?W:Well.Itsfooddoesnztmakeyoufat.Buteatingtoomuchofitdoes.Howaboutchocolateandicecream?Aretheyal1responsible?It'ssilly.Q:WhatdoesthewomanthinkofthelawsuitagainstMcDonaIds?8.M:I'mterriblysorryma'am,butyourflighthasbeencancelled.Iwon'tbeabletoputyouonanotheroneunti1tomorrowmorning.W:Well,Icertainlyhopetheairline'sgoingtoputmeupsomewheretonight.Q:Whatdidthewomanrequesttheairlinedo?SectionBPassageOneYouhaveprobablyheardoftheDuPontcompany,whichwasfoundedbyafamilyofthesamename.Butdoyouknowaboutthemuseumthatoneofthefamilymembersbegan?HenryFrancisduPontwasanheirtoDelaware'sDuPontCompanyfortune.HewasoneofthefirstseriouscollectorsofAmericandecorativeartobjects:furniture,textiles,paintingsandotherobjectsmadeinUnitedStatesbetween1640and1840.AmericanfurnitureandhouseholdobjectshadbeenconsideredinferiortothosefromEurope.ButduPonthelpeddevelopanewappreciationforAmericandecorativearts.HecreatedalegendaryshowplaysfortheseobjectsonhisfamilyestatejustoutsideWiImington,Delaware.In1951,itwasopentothepublicastheHenry

125FrancisduPontWinterthurMuseum.ThemuseumassembledobjectsfromduPont'scollectioninto175periodrooms,eachwithexamplesofAmericanantiquesanddecorativeartsthatfollowedacertainthemeofperiodinearlyAmericanhistory.Forexample,theduPontdiningroomhasfurnituredatingfromthelate18thandearly19thcenturies.AndbecausethiswasthetimewhentheUnitedStatesbecameanewnation,there5sapatrioticthemeintheroom.AnotherexampleistheChineseparlor,whichhasfurnishingsthatwouldreflectAmerican'sfascinationwithAsiancultureduringthe18thcentury.In

126theseperiodrooms,duPontbelievedhecouldtellthestoryoftheearlyUnitedStatesthroughfurnitureandotherdecorativearts.Question11to13arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.2.WhatisHenryFrancisduPontnotedfor?3.WhatwasthepurposeofduPont'sefforts?4.Howweretheobjectsondisplayarranged?PassageTwoAccordingtoDavidGra11le,aBritishlanguageexpert,theideathatEnglishwi11becometheworldlanguageisoutdated.Andpeoplearemore1ikelytoswitchbetweentwoormorelanguagesforroutinecommunicationinthefuture.Theshareoftheworld,spopulationthatspeaksEnglishasanativelanguageisfalling.Instead,Englishwi11playagrowingroleasasecondlanguage.ApopulationspeakingmorethanonelanguageisalreadythecaseinmuchoftheworldandisbecomingmorecommonintheUnitedStates.Indeed,thecensusbureaureportedlastyearthatnearlyoneAmericaninfivespeaksalanguageotherthanEnglishathome,withSpanishtakingthelead,followedbyChinese.GrattleworksforBritishconsultingandpublishingbusiness.HeanticipatesaworldwiththeshareofpeoplewhoarenativeEnglishspeakersslipsfrom9%inthemid1990sto5%in2050.Grattlesays,"Upuntil1995,Englishwasthesecondmostcommonnativetongueintheworld,trai1ingonlyChinese.By2050,Chinesewi11continueitspredominancewithHindiWoodooofIndiaandArabicclimbingpastEnglishandSpanishnearlyequaltoit."Incontrast,anAmericanlanguageexpert,DavidHarrisonnotedthatthegloba1shareofEnglishismuchlargerifyoucountsecondlanguagespeakers,andwi11continuetoriseevenastheproportionofnativespeakersdeclines.HarrisondisputedlistingArabicinthetopthreelanguagesbecausevarietiesofArabicspokeninsuchcountriesasEgyptandMoroccoaremutuallyincomprehensible.Questions14to16arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.5.WhatdoesDavidGrattlesayabouttheuseoflanguagesfordallycommunicationinthefuture?6.Whydoesn'tDavidHarrisonincludeArabicasoneofthetopthreelanguages?7.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?PassageThreeThereareabout1mi11ionblindpeopleintheUnitedStates.ThelargestandmostinfluentialorganizationofblindpeopleinthiscountryistheNationalFederationoftheBlind.Itsofficialssaythenationdoesn,thaveanycollegesoruniversitiesthatserveonlyblindstudents.Theysaythereasonforthisisthatblindpeoplemustlearnto1iveamongpeoplewhocansee.Americancollegesanduniversitiesdoacceptblindandvisua1lyimpairedstudents,andtheyprovideservicestohelpthesestudentssucceed.Forexample,collegesfindpeoplewhowritedownwhattheprofessorsayinclassandtheyprovidetechnologythatcanhelpblindstudentswiththeirwork.However,expertssaycollegescanbesthelpblindstudentsbymakingitclearthatthestudentsshouldlearntohelpthemselves.OneblindAmericanstudentnamedTimCordesrecentlymadenewsbecausehegraduated

127frommedicalschoolattheUniversityofWisconsin.Hesaidtechnologywasoneofthereasonshesucceeded.Heusedacomputerthatreadintohisearphonewhathewastyping.Healsousedasma11printerthatpermittedhimtowritenotesabouthispatientsinthehospital.HedidhisundergraduateworkattheUniversityofNotreDameinSouthBend,Indiana.NationalFederationoftheBlindofficialssayblindstudentsfromothernationsdocometotheUnitedStatestoattendcollege.Somecanevengetfinancialaid.TheFederationawardsabout30scholarshipseachyearthathavenocitizenshiprequirement.Questions17to20arebasedontheepassageyouhavejustheard.2.AccordingtoofficialsoftheNationalFederationoftheBlind,whyaretherenospecialcollegesforblindstudentsonly?3.Accordingtoexperts,howcancollegesbesthelpblindstudents?4.WhatisoneofthereasonsgivenbyTimCordesasablindstudentforhissuccess?5.WhatcanblindstudentsfromoverseasdotostudyinAmericaaccordingtotheNationalFederationoftheBlind?Test18SectionA6.M:Ineedtofindadentist;yousaidyouknowDr.Smithwel1,doyourecommendher?W:Well,Ihadtoseeherafewtimes,butwhatimpressedmemostwerethemagazinesinherwaitingroom.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?7.W：I'mafraidIcan'tshowyoutheapartmentatthemoment,becausethetenantisstilllivinginit.It'sreallyalovelyplace,withabigkitchenandasunnywindow,foronlytwohundreddollarsamonth.M:Soundsgood,butwereallycan'trentanapartmentwithoutseeingitfirst.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?8.M:So,thatzswhat'sbeenkeepingyousobusyrecently!WYes,Vvebeentiedupwithmystudies.YouknowI'mplanningtogototheUnitedStatesthiscomingsummer,but1'mabitnervousaboutmyEnglish.Q:Whatisthewomanbusydoing?9.W:Howdidyoufeelwhenyoufoundoutyouhadhighbloodpressure?M:Shocked!Theproblemformewasthattherewerenosymptoms;itseemedtohavesneakeduponme.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?10.W:So,you7rejustbackfromatriptoIndia.Whatwereyoudoingthere?M:Thetripwasintendedtobringtotheworld'sattentionthefactthatAIDSisnotjustanAfricandisease;it's-alsoendangeringothercountries,notably,IndiaandThailand.Q:Whatwasthepurposeoftheman'striptoIndia?11.M:It,squiteclearformyvisit,thisisafullsize,comprehensiveuniversity.

128Sowhyisitstillcalledacollege?W：TheCollegeofWilliamandMaryisthesecondoldestinstitutionofhigherlearninginthiscountry.WehavenurturedgreatmindslikeThomasJeffersonandweareproudofourname.Q:WhatdowelearnfromthisconversationabouttheCollegeofWi11iamandMary?2.M:Havethepartsweneedforthephotocopyingmachinearrivedyet?W:Iorderedthemlastweek,butsomethingisholdingthemup.Q:Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthepartsneededforthephotocopyingmachine?3.W：Thecafeteriaprovidedmanykindsofdishesforustoday.Didyounoticethat?M:Yes,kindofrare,isn'tit?Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?ConversationOneW:Heilo,Patrick,isthatyou?M:YeahJane,whatcanIdoforyou?W:Iwascal1ingabouttheappletreethatyouweretrimmingyesterday.M:Thatwashardwork!W:I'msureitwas.11surelookeddifficult.M:Yeah,I’mgladit'sfinished.Haulingthebranchestothefrontforgarbagepickupwasnofuneither.W:Well,Idon'tthinkyou'requitefinishedyet,someofthelargerbranchesfelloverintomyyard,andIthinkyoushouldcomeandgetthem.M:ListenJane,Idon'tseewhyIshoulddothat.Youeatalltheapplesthatfallinyouryardandyou'venevercomplainedaboutthatbefore.W:Well,it'seasiertopickupapplesthantodragtreebranchesallthewaytothecurb.Mykidspickuptheapples,andthebranchesarejusttoobigforthemtodrag.M:Well,Iguessyou'11justhavetodoityourselfJane.W：Patrick,Iwishyouwouldreconsider.We'vealwaysgottenalongfairlywell,butIthinkyou'reoutoflinehere.Thebranchesareyourresponsibi1ity.M:SorryJane,Idisagree!Youtakethebenefitsoftheappletree,butrefusetodealwiththebadsideofit.Besides,itwon'ttakeyouanytimetogetthebranchesoutfront.

129W：GetthebranchesoffmypropertyorI'llhavetosueyou.M:Yeah?Forwhat?You'retakingthoselawclassestooseriously.I'vegottago,Ihavetopickupmyson.W:You'11behearingfromme.M:Yeah,yeah.SeeyouincourtJane.2.Whatdidthemandoyesterday?3.Whatdidthewomanaskthemantodo?Whatdidthewomanthreatentodo?22.Whatwastheman'sreactiontothewoman*sthreat?ConversationTwoM:DidyouhearabouttheaircrashthatoccurredinSouthAmericarecently?11wasquiteatragicaccident!W：No,Ididn'tseeanythinginthenewsaboutit.Whathappened?M:AforeignairlinerwasattemptingtolandatnightinamountainousareainArgentinaandflewintoahi11.W:Thatsoundsreallyterrible!Didanyonesurvive?M:No,everyoneaboard,includingthecrew,waskilledinstantly.W：Whatwerethecircumstances?Weretherebadweather,afire,orenginefailure?M:Apparently,therewassomelowcloudsinthearea,butmostlyitwasjustmiscommunicationbetweenthepilotsandtheairtrafficcontrollers.W:Weren'ttheybothspeakinginEnglish,theofficialinternationalaviationlanguage?M:Yestheywere,butthetransmissionfrompoorqualityradioswasslightlydistortedandtheaccentsoftheSpanishspeakingcontrollerswassostrongthatthepilotsmisunderstoodavitalinstruction.W：Howcouldamisunderstandinglikethatcausesuchaseriousaccident?M:Thepilotsweretoldtodescendto2-2,000feet.Theinstructionactuallymeant22,000feet,buttheythoughttheyhearddescendto2,000feet.That'sahugedifference,anditshouldhavebeenconfirmed,butitwasnot.Unfortunately,theterrainofthemountainsinNorweijaextendsupto20,000feet.W:Sothepilotsdiddescendtothewrongaltitudethen,thinkingtheywerefollowingtheaircontroller'sinstructions.M:Sadlyenough,yestheydid.11wasareallybadmistake.Manypeoplediedasaresultofthesimplymisunderstanding.W:Wow,that,sapowerfullessononhowimportantitcanbetoaccuratelycommunicatewitheachother.23.Whatwasthecauseofthetragedy?24.Howhigharethemountainsintheregion?25.Whatlessoncouldbedrawnfromtheaccident?SectionBPassageOne

130EdgarPoe,anAmericanwriter,wasbornin1809.Hisparentswereactors.Edgarwasababywhenhisfatherleftthefamily.Hewastwoyearsoldwhenhismotherdied.HewastakenintothehomeofawealthybusinessmannamedJohnAllen.Hethenreceivedhisnewname,EdgarAllenPoe.Asayoungman,PoeattendedtheUniversityofVirginia.Hewasagoodstudent,buthe1ikedtodrinkalcoholandplaycardgamesformoney.Asanunskiliedgameplayer,heoftenlostmoney.Sincehecouldn,tpayhisgamblinglosses,heleftuniversityandbeganworkingformagazines.Heworkedhard,yethewasnotwellpaid,orwell-known.Attheageof27,hegotmarried.ForatimeitseemedthatPoewouldfindhappiness,buthiswifewassickformostoftheirmarriage,anddiedin1847.Througha11hiscrises,Poeproducedmanystoriesandpoemswhichappearedindifferentpublications,yethedidn'tbecomefamousunti11845,whenhispoem,TheRaven,waspublished.Thereisaquestion,however,aboutPoe,simportanceinAmericanLiterature.SomecriticssaythatPoewasoneofAmerica'sbestwriters,andevenhadagreatinfluenceonFrenchwriters,butothersdisagree.TheysaythatPoe'sworkisdifficulttounderstandandmostofhiswritingdescribesveryunpleasantsituationsandevents.EdgarAllenPoediedin1849whenhewas40yearsold.11issaidthathewasfounddeadafterdaysofheavydrinking.Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.WhathappenedtoEdgarAllenPoe'sfamily,whenhewasonlytwoyearsold?24.WhydidEdgarAllenPoeleavetheUniversityofVirginia?25.WhatdosomecriticssayaboutEdgarAllenPoe?26.HowdidEdgarAllenPoe'slifecometoanend?PassageTwoMorethanfiftyyearsago,theUnitedNationsdeclaredthat1iteracyisabasichumanright.It'sveryimportantforimprovingthe1ivesofindividuals.However,itisestimatedthat880mi11ionadultsaroundtheworldarei11iterate,thatis,theyareunabletoreadorwrite.Amajorityofthemarewomen.Morethan110mi11ionschoolagechiIdrenintheworlddonotattendschool.Manyotherscompleteschoolorfailtofinishtheirstudieswithoutlearningtoreadorwrite.Manycountriesdependontheeffortsofpeoplewhooffertheirtimetohelpilliterateindividuals.Forexample,JohnMoggerbecameconcernedabouttheproblemofilliteracythreeyearsago,sohestartedteachingfiveprisonersinBrazi1.Inhisteaching,hedevelopedasystemwiththisgroupofprisoners.Hesayshiswayofteachingcanhelpanyonelearnhowtoreadandwritewithaboutthirtyhoursofstudy.Tolearnhissystem,peoplemustfirstknowhowtowritelettersofthealphabetandlearnwhichsoundstheyrepresent.Thesystemdivideslettersintothreegroups.Thefirstgroupofletterscanbewrittenbetweentwo1ines.Thesecondcanbewrittenbetweentwo1inesbutpartoftheletterisabovethetop1ine.Thethirdgrouphaslettersthatarepartlywrittenbelowthelower1ine.JohnMoggertaughthisstudentstowritesimplewordsfromtheletters;inthisway,hisstudentslearnedmorethansevenhundredwords.Manyofthemcannowwritetofamilymembers.Theyalsocanreadnewspapersandmagazines.Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

13123.Accordingtothespeaker,whichgroupofpeoplemakeupthemajorityofthei11iteratepopulation?24.WhatisthemostimportantfeatureofJohnMogger'smethodofteachingthealphabet?25.WhatdoesJohnMoggersayabouthisteachingmethod?PassageThreeFarmersusuallyuseplowstopreparetheirfieldsforplantingcrops.Plowscutintotheground,and1iftupweeds,andotherunwantedplants.However,plowingisblamedforcausingseveredamagetotopsoi1byremovingtheplantsthatprotectthesoilfrombeingblownorwashedaway.ManyfarmersinSouthAsiaarenowtryingaprocesscalledLowTi11Farming.LowTil1Farming1imitstheuseofplows.Inthismethodoffarming,seedsandfertilizerareputintothesoi1throughsmallcutsmadeinthesurfaceoftheground.LowTil1Agricultureleavesmuchora11thesoilandremainsofplantsontheground.Theyserveasanatura1ferti1izerandhelpsupporttherootsoffuturecrops.Theytakeinrainandallowittoflowintothesoilinsteadofrunningoff.IthasbeenprovedthatLowTillFarmingincreasesharvestsandreduceswateruse,andthismethodreducestheneedforchemicalproductsbecausetherearefewerunwantedplants.ScientistssayLowTi11FarmingisbecomingpopularinSouthAsia,whichisfacingaseverewatershortage.Theysaytheareawi11becomedependedonimportedfoodunlesswaterissavedthroughmethodslikeLowTi11Farming.Currently,morethan150millionpeopleinSouthAsiadependonlocalriceandwheatcrops.Farmersgrowriceduringwetweather.Duringthedryseasontheygrowwheatinthesamefields.FarmersareusingtheLowTil1methodtoplantwheatafterharvestingrice.ScientistssayLowTi11Agricultureisoneofthebestexamplesintheworldoftechnologiesworkingforbothpeopleandtheenvironment.Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.26.Whatisthemainproblemcausedbytheusualwayofplowing?27.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutLowTi11Farming?28.WhereisLowTillFarmingbecomingpopular?SectionCAdultsaregettingsmarterabouthowsmartbabiesare.Notlongago,researcherslearnedthat4-day-oldscouldunderstand(36)additionandsubtraction.Now,Britishresearch(37)psychologistGrahamSchaferhasdiscoveredthatinfantscanlearnwordsforuncommonthingslongbeforetheycanspeak.Hefoundthat9-month-oldinfantscouldbetaughtthroughrepeatedshow-and-tel1,to(38)recognizethenamesofobjectsthatwereforeigntothem,aresultthat(39)cha1lengesinsomewaysthereceived(40)wisdomthat,apartfromlearningto(41)identifythingscommontotheirdailylives,chiIdrendon*tbegintobuildvocabularyunti1wellintotheirsecondyear."It'sno(42)secretthatchiIdrenlearnwords,butthewordstheytendtoknowarewords1inkedto(43)specificsituationsinthehome,"explainsSchafer.n(44)Thisisthefirstdemonstrationthatwecanchoosewhatwordsthechildrenwilllearnandthattheycanrespondtothemwithanunfami1iarvoicegivinginstructionsinanunfami1iarsetting."

132Figuringouthowhumanacquirelanguagemayshed1ightonwhysomechiIdrenlearntoreadandwritelaterthanothers,Schafersays,andcouldleadtobettertreatmentsfordevelopedmentalproblems.(45)What'smore,thestudyoflanguageacquisitionoffersdirectinsightintohowhumanslearn."Languageisatestcaseforhumancognitivedevelopment,“saysSchafer."Butparentseagertoteachtheirinfantsshouldtakenote:(46)Evenwithoutbeingtaughtnewwords,acontrolgroupcaughtupwiththeotherinfantswithinafewmonths."Thisisnotaboutadvancingdeve1opment,*'hesays,"it'sjustaboutwhatchildrencandoatanearlieragethanwhateducatorshaveoftenthought.”Test19SectionA11.W：Jim,youareonthenetagain!Whenareyougoingtogetoff?It'stimeforthetalkshow!M:Justaminutedear!I'mlookingatanewjewelrysite.IwanttomakesureIgettherightgiftformom,sbirthday.Q:Whatisthemandoingrightnow?12.W：I,veneverseenyouhavesuchconfidencebeforeintheexam!M:It'smorethanconfidence!RightnowIfeltthatifIgotlessthananA,itwi11bethefaultoftheexamitself.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?13.W：Justlookatthisnewspaper!Nothingbutmurder,deathandwar!Doyoustillbelievepeoplearebasicallygood?M:Ofcourse,Ido!Butnewspapershardlyeverreportstoriesaboutpeaceandgenerosity.Theyarenotnews!Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?14.M:Tommustbejokingwhenhesaidheplanstosei1hisshopandgotomedica1school.W:Youarequiteright!He'sjustkidding!He'salsotoldmetimeandtimeagainhewishedtostudyforsomeprofessioninsteadofgoingintobusiness.Q:Whatwi11Tomprobablydoaccordingtotheconversation?15.W:Ihearyourbosshasarealgoodimpressionofyou,andheisthinkingaboutgivingyoutwomoredaysoffeachmonth.M:Ihopenot.VdrathergetmoreworkhourssoIcangetenoughbuckstohelpoutmytwokidsatcollege.Q:Whatdoesthemantrulywant?16.M:IheardyoutookatriptoMexicolastmonth.Howdidyoulikeit?W:Oh,Igotsickandtiredofhotelsandhotelfood!SonowIunderstandthething:East,west,home'sbest!Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?17.W：VmworriedaboutAnna.She'sreallybeendepressedlately.Al1shedoesisstayinginherroomallday.

133M:Thatsoundsserious!She'dbetterseeapsychiatristatthecounselingcentre.Q:WhatdoesthemansuggestAnnado?11.M:IcouldhardlyrecognizeSamafterwegotthatnewjob!He'salwaysinasuitandtienow.W:Yeah.Hewasnever1ikethatincollege.Backthen,hewentaroundinoldTshirtsandjeans.Q:WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutSam?ConversationOneM:Hi,Ann!Welcomeback!How'syourtriptotheStates?W：Verybusy.Ihadalotofmeetings,so,ofcourse,Ididn'thavemuchtimetoseeNewYoreM:Whatapity!Actually,Ihaveatriptheremyselfnextweek.W:Doyou?Thentakemyadvice.Dothewell-beingintheairprogram.Itreallyworks.M:Oh,Ireadaboutthatinamagazine.Yousayitworks?W:Yes,IdidtheprogramontheflighttotheStates,andwhenIarrivedinNewYork,Ididn'thaveanyproblem,nojetlagatall.Onthewayback,Ididn*tdoit,andIfeltterrible.M:You,rejoking!W：Notatal1.11reallymadealotofdifference.M:En.Sowhatdidyoudo?W：Well,Ididn'tdrinkanyalcoholorcoffee,andIdidn,teatanymeatorrichfood.I

134drinkalotofwater,andfruitjuice,andIatethemealsonthewell-beingmenu.They're1ighter.Theyhavefish,vegetables,andnoodles,forexample,andIdidsomeoftheexercisesintheprogram.M:Exercises?Onaplane?W:Yes.Ididn'tdomany,ofcourse.Thereisnztmuchspaceonaplane.M:Howmanypassengersdotheexercises?W:Notmany.M:Thenhowmuchchampagnedidtheydrink?W:Alot!Itwasmorepopularthanmineralwater.M:So,basically,it'sachoice.Mineralwaterandexercises,orchampagneandjetlag.W:That'sright!It'sadifficultchoice.11.WhydidthewomangotoNewYork?12.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutthewel1-beingintheairprogram?13.Whatdidthewomandotofollowthewel1-beingmenu?14.Whatdidthewomansayaboutotherpassengers?ConversationTwoW:Morning.CanIhelpyou?M:Well,Ifmnotreallysure.Izmjustlooking.W:Isee.Well,there5splentytolookatitagainthisyear.I'msureyouhavetowalkmilestoseeeachstand.M:That'strue.W:Err.•,,wouldyoulikeacoffee?Comeandsitdownforaminute,noobligation.M:Well,that'sverykindofyou,but...W：Now,please.Isthisthefirstyearyou'vebeentothefair,Mr....M:Yes,Johnson,JamesJohnson.W:Myname*sSusanCarter.Areyoulookingforanythinginparticular,orareyoujustinterestedincomputersingeneral?M:Well,actually,Ihavesomespecificjobsinmind.Ioweasmal1company,andwe'vegrownquitedramatica1lyoverthepast12months,andwereallyneedsometechnologicalhelptoenableustokeepontopofeverything.W：What'syour1ineofbusiness,Mr.Johnson?M:We'reatrainingconsultancy.W:Isee.AndwhatdoyoumeanHtokeepontopM?M:Thefirstthingiscorrespondence.Wehavealotofstandardlettersandforms.SoIsupposeweneedsomekindofwordprocessor.W：Right.Well,that,snoproblem.Butitmaybepossibleoryoutogetasystemthatdoesalotofotherthingsinadditiontowordprocessing.WhatmightsuityouistheMR5000.That5sitoverthere!It'sIBMcompatible.M:Whatabouttheprice?W：Well,theMR5000costs1,050pounds.SoftwarecomesfreewiththehardwareM:

135Well,V11thinkaboutit.Thankyou.W：Here,smycard.Pleasefeelfreetocontactme.11.Wheredidtheconversationtakeplace?12.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?13.Whatistheman's1ineofbusiness?SectionBPassagesOneThenewyearaIwaysbringswiththeculturaltraditionofnewpossibi1ities.Weseeitasachanceforrenewal.Webegintodreamofnewpossibleselves.Wedesignouridea1selforanimagethatisquitedifferentfromwhatwearenow.Forsomeofus,werollatdreamyfilminourheadsjustbecauseit'sthebeginningofanewyear.Butwearen'tseriousaboutmakingchanges.Wejustmakesomehalf-heartedresolutionanditevaporatesafteraweekortwo.Theexperiencemakesusfeellesssuccessfulandleadsustodiscountourabi1itytochangeinthefuture.It'snotthechangeisimpossiblebutthatitwon'tlastunlessourresolutionsaresupportedwithplansforimplementation.Wehavetomakeourintentionsmanageablebydetailingthespecificstepsthatwi11carryustoourgoal.Sayyourgoalistoloseweightbydietingandcuttingoffsweets.Butonenightyoujusthavetohaveacookie.Andyouknowthere,sabagofyourfavoritesinthecupboard.Youwantone,youeattwo,youcheckthebagandfindoutyou'vejustshot132calories.Yousaytoyourself,"Whatthehe11!nandpolishoffthewholebag.Thenyoubegintodrawal1kindsofunpleasantconclusionsaboutyourself.Toprotectyoursenseofself,youbegintodiscountthegoal.Youmaythink,“Well,dietingwasn'tthatimportanttomeandIwon'tmakeitanyhow."Soyouabandonthegoalandreturntoyourbadhabits.Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.Whatdopeopleusua1lywishtodoatthebeginningofanewyear?15.Howcanpeopleturntheirnewyear,sresolutionsintoreality?16.Whydoesthespeakermentiontheexampleofsweetsandcookies?PassageTwo25yearsago,RayAnderson,asingleparentwithaone-year-oldsonwitnessedaterribleaccidentwhichtookplacewhenthedriverofatruckranaredlightandcol1idedwiththecarofSandraJenkens.Theimpactofthecol1isionkilledSandrainstantly.Butherthree-month-olddaughterwaslefttrappedintheburningcar.Whileotherslookedoninhorror,Andersonjumpedoutofhisvehicleandcrawledintothecarthroughtheshatteredrearwindowtotrytofreetheinfant.Secondslater,thecarwasenclosedinflames.Buttoeveryone,samazement,Andersonwasabletopul1thebabytosafety.Whilethebabywasallright,Andersonwasseriouslyinjured.Twodayslaterhedied.Buthisheroicactwaspublishedwidelyinthemedia.Hissonwassoonadoptedbyrelatives.Themostremarkablepartofthestoryunfoldedonlylastweek.KarenandherboyfriendMichaelwerelookingthroughsomeoldboxeswhentheycameacrosssomeoldnewspaperclippings."ThisismewhenIwasanewbornbaby.Iwasrescuedfromaburningcar.Butmymotherdiedinthe

136accident,nexplainedKaren.AlthoughMichaelknewKaren'smotherhaddiedyearsearlier,heneverfullyunderstoodthecircumstancesunti1heskimmedoverthenewspaperarticle.ToKaren*ssurprise,Michaelwasabsorbedinthedetailsoftheaccident.Andhebegantocryuncontrollably.ThenherevealedthatthemanthatpulledKarenfromtheflameswasthefatherheneverknew.Thetwoembracedandshedmanytears,recountingstoriestoldtothemabouttheirparents.Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.11.Whathappenedtwenty-fiveyearsago?12.WhatdoesthespeakersayaboutMichaeTsfather?13.WhydidMichaelcryuncontrollablywhenheskimmedoverthenewspaperarticle?PassageThreeAmericanssufferfromanoverdoseofwork.Regardlessofwhotheyareorwhattheydo,AmericansspendmoretimeatworkthanatanytimesinceWorldWarII.In1950,theUShadfewerworkinghoursthananyotherindustria1izedcountry.Today,itexceedseverycountrybutJapanwhereindustrializedemployeeslog2155hoursayearcomparedwith1951intheUSand1603intheformerWestGermany.Between1969and1989,employedAmericansaddedanaverageof138hourstotheiryearlyworkschedules.Theworkweekhasremainedatabove40hours.Butpeopleareworkingmoreweekseachyear.Specifically,paytimeoff,hoiidays,vacations,sickleave,shrinkby50%inthe1980s.Ascorporationshaveexperiencedstiffcompetitionsandslowergrowthinproductivity,theyhavepressedemployeestoworklonger.Cost-cuttinglay-offsinthe1980sreducetheprofessionalandmanagerialranks,leavingfewerpeopletogetthejobdone.Inlowerpaidoccupationswherewageshavebeenreduced,workershaveaddedhoursinovertimeorextrajobstopreservetheirlivingstandard.Thegovernmentestimatesthatmorethan7millionpeopleholdasecondjob.Forthefirsttime,largenumbersofpeoplesaytheywanttocutbackonworkinghoursevenifitmeansearninglessmoney.Butmostemployersareunwi1lingtoletthemdoso.Thegovernmentwhichhassteppedbackfromitstraditiona1roleasaregulatorofworktimeshouldtakestepstomakeshorterhourspossible.Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.14.Inwhichcountrydoindustrialemployeesworkthelongesthours?15.HowdoemployedAmericansmanagetoworkmorehours?16.Whydocorporationspresstheiremployeestoworklongerhoursaccordingtothespeaker?17.WhatdoesthespeakersaymanyAmericansprefertodo?SectionCNursing,asatypicallyfemaleprofession,mustdealconstantlywiththefalseimpressionthatnursesaretheretowaitonthephysician.Asnurses,weare(36)licensedtoprovidenursingcareonly.Wedonothaveanylega1ormoral(37)obligationtoanyphysician.Weprovidehealthteaching,(38)assessphysicalaswel1asemotionalproblems,(39)coordinatepatientrelatedservices,andmakea11ournursingdecisionbaseduponwhatisbestorsuitableforthepatient.Ifinany(40)circumstance,wefeelthataphysician/sorderis(41)inappropriate

137orunsafe,wehavealegal(42)respovsibi1itytoquestionthatorderorrefusetocarryitoutNursingisnotanine-to-fivejobwitheveryweekendoff.Allnursesareawareofthatbeforetheyentertheprofession.Theemotiona1andphysicalstress,however,thatoccursduetooddworkinghoursisa(43)primereasonforalotofthecareerdissatisfaction.(44)Itissometimesrequiredthatweworkovertime,andthatwechangeshiftsfourorfivelimesamonth.Thatdisturbsourpersonallives,destructoursleepingandeatinghabits,andisolatesusfromeverythingexceptjobrelatedfriendsandactivities.Thequalityofnursingcareisbeingaffecteddramaticallybythesesituations.(45)Moslhospitalsarenowstaffedbynewgraduates,asexperiencednursesfinallygiveuptryingtochangethesystem.Consumersofmedicallyrelatedserviceshaveevidentlynotbeenaffectedenoughyettodemandchangesinourmedica1system.Butiftrendscontinueaspredicted,(46)theywillfindthatmostcriticalhospitalcarewillbeprovidedbynew,inexperienced,andsometimesinadequatelytrainednurses.Test20SectionA11.M:Thebiologica1projectisnowintrouble.Youknow,mycolleagueandIhavecompletelydifferentideasabouthowtoproceed.W：Whydon'tyoucompromise?Trytomakeitawin-winsituationforyouboth.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?12.M:HowdoesNancylikethenewdresssheboughtinRome?W：ShesaidshewouldneverhaveboughtanItaiianstyledressifshehadknownMaryhadalreadygotsuchadress.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?13.M:Youarenotgoingtodoallthosedishesbeforeweleave,areyou?Ifwedon'tpickupGeorgeandMarthain25minutes,weTlnevergettothetheaterontime.W:Oh,didnztItel1you,Marthacalledtosayherdaughterwasi11andtheycouldnotgotonight.Q:Whatisthewomanprobablygoingtodofirst?14.M:vebeenhangingontothephoneforquiteawhile.Whowereyoutalkingwith?W：Oh,itwasSally.Youknow,sheaIwayshasthelatestnewsintownandcan'twaittotalkitoverwithme.Q:WhatdowelearnaboutSallyfromtheconversation?15.W：It'salwaysbeenhardtogetthiscarintofirstgear,andnowtheclutchseemstobeslipping.M:Ifyouleavethecarwithme,Iwi11fixitforyouthisafternoon.Q:Whoisthewomanprobablyspeakingto?16.M:Kate,whydoesthedowntownarealookdesertednow?

138W：Wei1,thereusedtobesomerea1lygoodstores,butlotsofthemmovedouttothemall.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?11.W:Ifoundtheloungesuchacozyplacetostudyin.Ireally1ikethefeelinginsittingonthesofaanddoingthereading.M:Well,formethehardestpartaboutstudyinghereisstayingawake.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?12.W:Thesemosquitobitesareki11ingme.Ican'thelpscratching.M:Nexttimeyougocamping,takesomeprecaution,say,wearinglongsleeves.Q:Whydoesthemansuggestthewomanwearlongsleeves?ConversationOneM:Heilo,andwelcometoourprogramnWorkingAbroad".OurguestthiseveningisaLondoner,who1ivesandworksinItaly.Hername'sSusanHi11.Susan,welcometotheprogram.You1iveinFlorence.Howlonghaveyoubeen1ivingthere?W：Since1982.ButwhenIwenttherein1982,Iplannedtostayforonly6months.M:Whydidyouchangeyourmind?W:Well,Umadesigner.Idesignleathergoods,mainlyshoes,andhandbags.SoonafterIarrivedinFlorence,IgotajobwithoneofItaly'stopfashionhouses,Ferregamo.So,Idecidedtostay.M:Howlucky!DoyoustillworkforFerregamo?W:No,I'vebeenafreelancedesignerforquitealongtimenow.Since1988,infact.M:So,doesthatmeanyoudesignforseveraldifferentcompaniesnow?W:Yes,that*sright.VvedesignedmanyfashioniternsforanumberofIta1iancompanies,andinthelastfouryears,I'vealsobeendesigningfortheBritishcompany,Burberry's.M:Whathaveyoubeendesigningforthem?W：Mostlyhandbags,andsmal1leathergoods.M:How'sthefashionindustryinItalychangedsince1982?W:Oh,yes.It'sbecomealotmorecompetitive,becausethequa1ityofproductsfromothercountrieshasimprovedalot.ButItaiianqualityanddesignisstillworldfamous.M:Anddoyoueverthinkofreturningto1iveinEngland?W:No,notrea1ly.WorkinginItalyismoreinteresting.IalsolovetheMediterraneansunandtheItalianlifestyle.M:Well,thankyoufortalkingtous,Susan.W:Itwasapleasure.19.Wheredoesthistalkmostprobablytakeplace?20.Whatwasthewoman5soriginalplanwhenshewenttoFlorence?21.Whathasthewomanbeendoingfora1ivingsince1988?22.WhatdowelearnaboutthechangeinItaly'sfashionindustry?ConversationTwoM:So,Claire,you'reintodrama!

139W:Yes,Ihaveamaster,sdegreeindramaandtheatre.Atthemoment,rmhopingtogetontoaPh.Dprogram.M:Whatexciteyouaboutdrama?W:Well,Ifindit'sacommunicativewaytostudypeopleandyoulearnhowtoreadpeopleindrama.Sousua1lyIcanunderstandwhatpeoplearesayingeventhoughtheymightbelying.M:Thatwouldbeuseful.W：Yeah,it'sveryusefulformeaswell.I'manEnglishlecturer,soIusealotofdramainmyclasses,suchasroleplays.AndIaskmystudentstocreatemini-dramas.Theyreallyrespondwell.Atthemoment,I'mhopingtogetontoaPh.Dcourse.I'd1iketoconcentrateonAsiandramaandtrytobringAsiantheatretotheworld'sattention.Idon'tknowhowsuccessfulIwouldbe,but,here'shoping.M:Oh,Pmsureyou711besuccessful.Now,Claire,whatdoyoudoforstagefright?W:Ah,stagefright!Well,manyactorshavethatproblem.IgetstagefrighteverytimeI'mgoingtoteachanewclass.Thenightbefore,Iusuallycan'tsleep.M:What?Forteaching?W：Yes.1getreallybadstagefright.ButtheminuteIstepintotheclassroomorgetontothestage,itjustallfallsintoplace.ThenIjustfeel1ike"Yeah,thisiswhatImeantodo."AndVmfine.M:Well,that'scool!19.Whydoesthewomanfindstudyindramaandtheatreuseful?20.Howdidthewoman'sstudentsrespondtoherwayofteachingEnglish?21.Whatdoesthewomansayaboutherstageflight?SectionBPassageOneInJanuary1989,theCommunityofEuropeanRaiIwayspresentedtheirproposalforahighspeedPan-EuropeantrainnetworkextendingfromSwedentoSicily,andfromPortugaltoPolandbytheyear2020.Iftheirproposalbecomesareality,itwi11revolutionizetraintravelinEurope.Journeysbetweenmajorcitieswi11takehalfthetimetheytaketoday.Brusselswi11beonlyoneandahalfhoursfromParis.ThequickestwaytogetfromParistoFrankfurt,fromBarcelonatoMadridwi11bebytrain,notplane.Whenthenetworkiscomplete,itwi11integratethreetypesofraiIway1ine:totallynewhighspeedlineswithtrainsoperatingatspeedsof300kilometersperhour,upgradedlineswhichallowforspeedsupto200to225kilometersperhour,andexisting1inesforlocalconnectionsanddistributionoffreight.Ifbusinesspeoplecanchoosebetweena3-hourtrainjourneyfromcity-centertocity-centeranda1-hourflight,they,11choosethetrain,saysanexecutivetravelconsultant.Theywon'tgobyplaneanymore.Ifyoucalculateflighttime,check-inandtravelto-and-fromtheairport,you'11findalmostnodifference.Andifyourplanearriveslateduetobadweatherorairtrafficjamsorstrikes,thenthetrainpassengerswi11arriveattheirdestinationfirst.SinceFranceintroducedthefirst260kilometerperhourhighspeedtrainservicebetweenParisandLyonsin1981,thetrainshaveachievedhigher

140andhigherspeeds.Onmanyroutes,airlineshavelostupto90%oftheirpassengerstohighspeedtrains.IfpeopleaccepttheCommunityofEuropeanRailways7plan,the21stcenturywi11bethenewageofthetrain.Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.Whatistheproposa1presentedbytheCommunityofEuropeanRaiIways?20.Whatwi11happenwhentheproposalbecomesarea1ity?21.Whywi11businesspeopleprefera3-hourtrainjourneytoa1-hourflight?22.WhendidFranceintroducethefirsthighspeedtrainservice?PassageTwoWesterndoctorsarebeginningtounderstandwhattraditiona1healershavealwaysknownthatthebodyandthemindareinseparable.Unti1recently,modernurbanphysicianshealthebody,psychiatriststhemind,andprieststhesoul.However,themedica1worldisnowpayingmoreattentiontohoiisticmedicine,whichisanapproachbasedonthebeliefthatpeople,sstateofmindcanmakethemsickorspeedtheirrecoveryfromsickness.Severalstudiesshowthattheeffectivenessofacertaindrugoftendependsonthepatient,sexpectationsofit.Forexample,inonerecentstudy,psychiatristsatamajorhospitaltriedtoseehowpatientscouldbemadecalm.Theydividedthemintotwogroups.Onegroupwasgivenadrugwhiletheothergroupreceivedaharmlesssubstanceinsteadofmedicinewithouttheirknowledge.Surprisingly,morepatientsinthesecondgroupshowedthedesiredeffectthanthoseinthefirstgroup.Instudyafterstudy,there'sapositivereactioninalmostone-thirdofthepatientstakingharmlesssubstances.Howwasthispossible?Howcansuchasubstancehaveaneffectonthebody?Evidencefroma1997studyattheUniversityofCaliforniashowsthatseveralpatientswhoreceivedsuchsubstanceswereabletoproducetheirownnatura1drug,thatis,astheytookthesubstancetheirbrainsreleasednatura1chemicalsthatact1ikeadrug.Scientiststheorizedthattheamountofthesechemicalsreleasedbyaperson5sbrainquitepossiblyindicateshowmuchfaiththepersonhasinhisorherdoctor.Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.Accordingtothespeaker,whatarewesterndoctorsbeginningtounderstand?31.Whatdoestherecentstudyatamajorhospitalseemtoprove?32.Whatevidencedoesthe1997studyattheUniversityofCaliforniaproduce?PassageThreeSowe'vealreadytalkedabitaboutthegrowthofextremesportslikerock-climbing.Aspsychologists,weneedtoaskourselves:Whyisthispersondoingthis?Whydopeopletaketheserisksandputthemselvesindangerwhentheydon'thaveto?Onecommontraitamongrisk-takersisthattheyenjoystrongfeelingsorsensations.Wecallthistraitsensation-seeking.Asensation-seekerissomeonewho)salwayslookingfornewsensations.Whatelsedoweknowaboutsensation-seekers?Wei1,asIsaid,sensation-seekerslikestrongemotions.Youcanseethistraitinmanypartsofaperson*slife,notjustinextremesports.Forexample,manysensation-seekersenjoyhardrockmusic.Theyliketheloudsoundandstrong

141emotionofthesongs.Similarly,sensation-seekersenjoyfrighteninghorrormovies.They1ikethefeelingofbeingscaredandhorrifiedwhilewatchingthemovie.Thisfeelingisevenstrongerforextremesportswherethepersonfacesrealdanger.Sensation-seekersfeelthedangerisveryexciting.Inaddition,sensation-seekers1ikenewexperiencesthatforcethemtopushtheirpersona11imits.Forthem,repeatingthesamethingseverydayisboring.Manysensation-seekerschoosejobsthatinvolverisk,suchasstartinganewbusinessorbeinganemergencyroomdoctor.Thesejobsaredifferenteveryday,sotheyneverknowwhatwi11happen.That'swhymanysensation-seekersa1so1ikeextremesports.Whenyoudorock-climbing,youneverknowwhatwi11happen.Theactivityisalwaysnewanddifferent.Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.32.Accordingtothespeaker,whatisacommontraitamongrisk-takers?33.Whatdosensation-seekersfindboring?34.Whatisthespeaker'sprofession?SectionCIfyou'relikemostpeople,you'veindulgedinfakelisteningmanytimes.Yougotohistoryclass,sitinthethirdrow,andlook(36)squarelyattheinstructorasshespeaks.Butyourmindisfaraway,(37)floatinginthecloudsofpleasantdaydreams(38)Occasionallyyoucomebacktoearth:theinstructorwritesanimportanttermonthechalkboard,andyou(39)dutifullycopyitinyournotebook.Everyonceinawhiletheinstructormakesa(40)wittyremark,causingothersintheclasstolaugh.Yousmilepolitely,pretendingthatyou'veheardtheremarkandfounditmiIdly(41)humorous.Youhaveavaguesenseof(42)guiltthatyouaren'tpayingcloseattention,butyoutellyourselfthatany(43)materialyoumisscanbepickedupfromafriend'snotes.Besides,(44)theinstructor'stalkingaboutroadconstructioninancientRome,andnothingcouldbemoreboring.Sobackyougointoyourprivatelittleworld.Onlylaterdoyourealizeyou'vemissedimportantinformationforatest.Fake1isteningmaybeeasilyexposed,sincemanyspeakersaresensitivetofacialcuesandcantellifyou'remerelypretendingtolisten.(45)Yourblankexpression,andthefarawaylookinyoureyesareihecuesthalbelrayyourinattentiveness.Evenifyou'renotexposed,there,sanotherreasontoavoidfakery:it'seasyforthisbehaviortobecomeahabit.Forsomepeople,thehabitissodeeplyrootedthat(46)theyautomaticallystartdaydreamingwhenaspeakerbeginstalkingonsomethingcomplexoruninieresling.Asaresult,theymisslotsofvaluableinformation.Test21SectionA35.M:Goodnews,I'mnotgoingtohavesurgeryafterall.ThedoctorsaysIcanstartworkingoutagainsoonandmaybeplayfootbal11ikebeforeinafewweeks.W:That*sterrific.ItwouldbegreatifyoucouldgetbackinshapeintimefortheWorldCup.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?

14232.M:Ireallyneedtomakesomeextramoney.YouknowI'vepracticallyspentmyentirebudgetforthissemester.W：WhynotcheckoutthenewcafeteriaatMarketStreet?Ithinktherearestillafewopeningssuitableforseniorslikeyou.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?33.M:IhearJohnlefthiscatinyourcarewhilehe'sonvacationabroad.Howareyougettingalongwithit?W：Well,itnevercomeswhenIcallit.Itspi1Isitsfoodandshedsallovertheplace.Ican'twaittillJohngetsback.Q:Howdoesthewomanfindthecat?34.W：Heilo,ProfessorWhite,Igotmygradeinthemailthismorning,butIthinktheremightbeamistakeinmymark.M:Yeah,Vvegotseveralcallsjust1ikeyours.Theremustbeaproblemwiththecomputingsystem.Itshouldbestraightenedoutinacoupleofhours.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?35.M:ProfessorJohnson,lastnightwhenIwasputtingthefinishingtouchesonmypaper,acomputerfailurecompletelywipedoutmyfiles,doyouthinkIcanhaveanotherdaytoretypeit?W：Vmsorry,Rod.I'mleavingforaconferencetomorrowandV11beawaytwoweeks.IsupposeyoucouldsendmeanE-copy.Q:Whydoesthemansayhecanztsubmithisassignmentontime?36.W：Ijustcalledthetravelagency,it'sallset.OnJune1st,weareheadingforthemountainsandwi11becampingthereforawholeweek.M:Haveyoucheckedtheacademiccalendar?Myclassesaren'toverunti1the8th.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?37.W：Ithoughttherewasstilltimeformetoapplyforastudentloan.ButsomeonejusttoldmethattheclosingdatewaslastTuesday.M:Areyousure?Ithoughtwestillhadanothermonth.Wait,I'vegotabrochurerighthere.LastTuesdaywastheopeningdate.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?38.WLookata11thepollutantsgoingintotheairfromthosefactories.Doyouthinkthey*11evergetthatundercontrol?M:Nowwiththenewlawsineffectandsocialawarenessincreasing,wearesuretoturnthingsaround.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?ConversationOneW：Tellme,Peter,whatmakesHarrodssofamous?M:Well,it'sthebiggestdepartmentstoreintheUK.AnditsfoodhallandtheEgyptianhallareveryfamous.PeoplecometoHarrodsjusttoseethem.W:Whatisspecialaboutthefoodhall?

143M:Itsellsmanydifferentkindsoffood.Forexample,ithas250kindsofcheesefromal1overtheworldandmorethan180kindsofbread.Customersalsoloveal1thedifferentkindsofchocolate.Theybuyahundredtonseveryyear.W:That'samazing!AndwhyistheEgyptianha11sofamous?M:Well,whenpeopleseeit,theyfeeltheyareinanotherworld.Itlooks1ikeinEgyptianbuiIdingfrom4,000yearsago.Anditsellsbeautifulobjects.Theyarenot4,000yearsold,ofcourse.

144W：IsittruethatHarrodsproducesitsownelectricity?M:Yes,itdoes.70%,enoughforasmalltown.Tolighttheoutsideofthebuilding,weuse11,5001ightbulbs.W:Really?Tellme,howmanycustomersdoyouhaveonanaverageday?Andhowmuchdotheyspend?M:About30,000peoplecomeonanaverageday.Butduringthesales,thenumberincreasesto300,000customersaday.Howmuchdotheyspent?Well,onaverage,customersspendabout1.5millionpoundsaday.Therecordforonedayisninemi11ionpounds,W：Ninemillionpoundsinoneday?M:Yes,onthefirstdayoftheJanuarysales.W:Harrodssaysitsellseverythingtoeverybody,everywhere.Isthatrea1lytrue?M:Oh,yes,ofcourse!Absolutelyeverything!19.WhatisthefoodhallofHarrodsnotedfor?20.WhatdoestheEgyptianha11seem1iketothecustomers?21.WhatmaycustomersfindsurprisingaboutHarrods?22.AbouthowmanycustomerscometoHarrodsonanaverageday?ConversationTwoW：HiKevin!HiLaura,longtimenosee!Whathaveyoubeenuptolately?Notmuch.Icanassureyou.Andyou?MuchthesameexceptIdohavesomebignews.Comeon.Thissuspenseiski1lingme.M:No,really,whathaveyoubeendoingthesepastfewweeks?ThelasttimeIsawyou,youwereW:Well,that*theyofferedmealookingforanewjob.snotexactlytrue.Iwasthinkingaboutchangingjobs.Luckily,newpositionintheaccountingdepartment.M:Astepupinthebigbusinessworld.W:Iwouldn'texaggerate,butIampleased.Ihadbeenhopingtogetapromotionforawhile.Sowhenitfinallycamethrough,Iwasrelieved.Actua1ly,that'swhyIwaslookingforanewjob.Ijustdidn'twanttoworkthereanymoreiftheyweren71goingtorecognizemyefforts.M:Right,sometimesyoucandoyourbestanditseemsliketheothersdon'tknowyouexist.Ihopethemoney,sbetter.W:Igotareasonableraise,nowenoughaboutme.I'mdyingtohearyournews.M:Iamgettingmarried.W：No,yousaidyou'dnevergetmarried.M:Thatwasthenandthisisnow.You'vegottomeetAndrea,she'sgreat!W：Thisisallnewstome.Ididn'tevenknowyouweredatingM:Weweren't，We'vejustbeendatingfortwoweeksnow.W:Andyougettingmarried?M:Iknow.Ican'thelpit.Ijustknowshe'stheone.

145W:Well,congratulations!That'sfantastic!M:Thanks,rmgladtohearyoufeelthatway.19.Whatwasthewomandoingwhenthemanlastsawher?20.Whydoesthewomansayshewasrelieved?21.Whyisthewomansurprisedattheman'snews?SectionBPassageOneWaterscootersarewatervehiclesthatlookverymuchlikemotorcycles.Nowadays,speedy,colorfulwaterscootersaregaininginpopularity.Theycantravelanywhereasmallboatcanandaretypicallypopularwithyoungpeople.Therisingpopularityofthecrafthasraisedthequestionofwaterscooterregulation.Inthiscase,theargumentforstrictregulationiscompel1ing.Waterscootersareaparticularlydeadlyformofwaterrecreation.Forexample,twowomenwerevacationinginLongboatKey.Whiletheywerefloatingontherubberboatalongtheshore,awaterscootercrashedintothemandki1ledthem.Also,waterscooteroperatorshavebeenki1ledorseriouslyinjuredincol1isionswithotherwatercraft.Othershavebeenstrandedattheseawhentheirscooterseitherfailedorsankfarfromshore.Manywaterscooteroperatorsareinexperiencedandignorantofnavigationa1rules,whichincreasesthepotentialforaccidents.Theincreasingpopularityofthescooterhasaggravatedtheproblem,providingmorewatervehiclestocompeteforthesamespace.Crowdedwaterwaysaresimplyanopeninvitationtodisaster.Inadditiontotheinherentoperationa1hazardsofwaterscooters,theyareproventobeanenvironmenta1nuisance.Beachresidentscomplainofthenoiseofthescooters.ThePacificWhaleFoundationonthewestcoastexpressedconcernthatthescootersarefrighteningawayanendangeredspeciesofwhalethatmigratestoHawaiiforbreeding.Regulations,suchasminimumoperatingage,restrictedoperatingareasandcompulsoryclassesinwatersafetyareessential.Withoutsuchregulations,tragediesinvolvingwaterscootersaresuretomultiply,whichmakesmanybeachesunsafeforrecreation.Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutwaterscooters?23.Whatismentionedasoneofthecausesofwateraccidents?24.Inwhatwayarewaterscooterssaidtobeanenvironmentalnuisance?25.Whatdoesthespeakerproposetoensurethesafetyofbeachesforrecreation?PassageTwo11seemstomethatneighborsaregoingoutofstyleinAmerica.Thefriendnextdoorfromwhomyouborrowedfoureggsoraladderhasmovedandthepeopleintherenowarestrangers.Someofthetraditiona1storiesofneighbor1inessareimpractica1orsillyandmaybejustaswel1thatourrelationswithourneighborsarechanging.ThesayingintheBible"Lovethyneighbor"wasprobablyapoortranslationofwhatmusthaveoriginallybeen"respectthyneighbor".Lovecan'tbecalleduponorder.FewerthanhalfthepeopleintheUnitedStates1iveinthesamehousetheylivedinfiveyearsago.Sothereisnoreasontolovethepeoplewholivenextdoortoyou,justbecausetheyhappenedtowanderintoarealestateofficethat

1461istedtheplacenextdoortoyours.Theonlythingneighborshaveincommon,tobeginwith,isproximityandunlesssomethingmoredevelopsthatisn'treasonenoughtobebestfriends.11sometimeshappensnaturally,butthechancesareverysmal1thatyourneighborswi11beyourchoiceasfriendsorthatyouwi11betheirs,either.Thebestrelationshipwithneighborsisoneoffriendlydistance,Yousay"hello",usesma11talkifyouseethemintheyard,youdiscussproblemsastheyariseandyouhelpeachotherinanemergency.Thedrivewayorthefencebetweenyouisnotreallyacoldshoulderbutaclearboundary.Weall1ikeclearly-definedboundariesforourselves.Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.Whatdoesthespeakersayabouttherelationsamongneighborsnowadays?20.Whydoesthespeakersayitmaybedifficultforpeopletolovetheirneighbors?21.Whatshouldneighborsdointhespeaker'sopinion?PassageThreeArticlesinmagazinesandnewspapersandspecialreportsonradioandtelevisionreflecttheconcernofmanyAmericansabouttheincreasingdrop-outrateinourjuniorandseniorhighschools.Coupledwiththisfactisthewarningthatsoonwewillnolongerhaveaworkforcetofi11themanyjobsthatrequireproperlyeducatedpersonnel.Thehighstudentdrop-outrateisnotarecentdevelopment.Tenyearsago,manyurbanschoolswerereportingdrop-outratesbetween35and50percent.Someadministratorsmaintainthatdrop-outsremainthesinglegreatestproblemintheirschools.Consequently,muchefforthasbeenspentonidentifyingstudentswithproblemsinordertogivethemmoreattentionbeforetheybecomefailures.Sincethedrop-outproblemdoesn71startinseniorhighschool,specialprogramsinjuniorhighschoolfocusonstudentswhoshowpromisebuthavearecordoftruancy-thatisstayingawayfromschoolwithoutpermission.Undertheguidanceofcounselors,thesestudentsareplacedinclasseswithteacherswhohavehadsuccessinworkingwithsimilaryoungpeople.Strategiestomotivatestudentsinahighschoolincluderewardingacademicexcellencebydesignatingscholarsofthemonth,orbyissuingarticlesofclothing,such

147asschoolletterjacketsformerlygivenonlytoathletes.Nooneworkingwiththesestudentsclaimstoknowhowtokeepal1studentsinschool.Counselors,teachersandadministratorsareinthefront1inesofwhatseemsattimestobealosingbattle.Actua1ly,thisproblemshouldbeeveryone'sconcernsinceuneducated,unemployedcitizensaffectusa11.Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.WhyaremanyAmericansconcernedwiththeincreasingdrop-outrateinschool?34.Whatdowelearnaboutthestudentdrop-outprobleminAmerica?35.Whatismentionedasoneofthestrategiesusedtomotivatestudents?SectionCI'minterestedinthecriminaljusticesystemofourcountry.11seemstomethatsomethinghastobedone,ifwe'reto(36)surviveasacountry.Icertainlydon'tknowwhattheanswerstoourproblemsare.Thingscertainlyget(37)complicatedinahurrywhenyougetintothem,butIwonderifsomethingcouldn'tbedonetodealwithsomeoftheseproblems.OnethingI'mconcernedaboutisourpracticeofputting(38)offendersinjai1whohaven'tharmedanyone.Whynotworkoutsomesystem(39)wherebytheycanpaybackthedebtstheyowesocietyinsteadof(40)incurringanotherdebtbygoingtoprisonand,ofcourse,comingunderthe(41)influenceofhardenedcriminals.Vmalsoconcernedabouttheshortprisonsentencespeopleare(42)servingforseriouscrimes.Ofcourseonealternativetothisisto(43)restorecapitalpunishment,butVmnotsureIwouldbeforthat.Izmnotsureit'sfighttotakeaneyeforaneye.(44)Theallernalivelocapitalpunishmenlislongersentencesbuttheywouldcertainlycostthetax-payersmuchmoney.Ialsothinkwemustdosomethingabouttheinsanityplea.Inmyopinion,anyonewhotakesanotherperson,slifeintentionallyisinsane;however,(45)thatdoesnotmeanthatthepersonisn'tguiltyofIhecrimeorthatheshouldn'tpaysocietythedebtheowes.It*ssad,ofcourse,thatapersonmayhavetospendtherestofhis1ife,or(46)alargepartofitinprisonforactsthathecommittedwhilenotinfullcontrolofhismind.Test22SectionA11.M:IamaskedtopickuptheguestspeakerBobRussel1attheairportthisafternoon.Doyouknowwhathelookslike?W：Well,heisinhissixties.Hestandsout.Heisbald,tallandthin,andhasabeard.Q:Whatdoweconcludefromthewoman'sremarksaboutBobRussell?12.W:Iamconsideringdroppingmydancingclass.Iamnotmakinganyprogress.M:IfIwereyou,I'dstickwithit.It'sdefinitelyworththetimeandeffort.Q:Whatdoesthemansuggestthewomando?13.W：Yousee,Istillhavethispaininmyback,thismedicinethedoctorgavemewassupposedtomakemefeelbetterbynow.M:Maybeyoushouldhavetakenitthreetimesadayasyouweretold.

148Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?11.M:Frankly,whenIsitatthebackoftheclassroom,Ican71seethewordsontheboardclearly.W:Well,you*vebeenwearingthosesameglassesaslongasI'veknownyou.Whynotgetanewpair?Itwon'tcostyoutoomuch.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimplyabouttheman'sglasses?12.W:Howcomethefloorissowet?1almostslipped.Whathappened?M:Oh,sorry.ThephonerangthemomentIgotintotheshower.Anyway,Iz11wipeitupfightnow.Q:Whywasthefloorwetaccordingtotheman?13.M:Theinstructionsonthepackagesaythatyouneedtodosomeassemblyyourself.I'vespentallafternoontryinginvaintoputthisbookcasetogether.W:Iknowwhatyoumean.LasttimeItriedtoassembleatoytrainformysonandIalmostgaveup.Q:Whatdoesthemanfinddifficult?14.M:IamgettingworriedaboutJenny'sschoolwork.Al1shetalksaboutthesedaysisvolleybal1gamesanda11shedoesispractice,trainingandthings1ikethat.W:Hergradesonthecomingexamswi11fallforsure.It'shightimewetalkedsomesenseintoher.Q:Whatarethespeakersprobablygoingtodo?15.M:Doyouunderstandwhythelocalpeopleareopposedtothenewdamupthefiver?W:Theyareworriedaboutthepotentialdangerifthedamshouldbreak.Theriverisverywideabovetheproposedsite.Q:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?ConversationOneW:Mr.White,Whatchangeshaveyouseeninthechampagnemarketinthelasttentofifteenyears?M:Well,thebiggestchangehasbeenthedecreaseinsalessincethegreatboomyearsofthe1980swhenchampagneproductionandsalesreachedrecordlevels.W:Whichwasthebestyear?M:Well,therecordwasin1989when249mi11ionbottlesofchampagneweresold.Thehighestproductionlevelwasreachedin1990withatotalof293mi11ionbottles.Ofcoursesincethoseboomyears,saleshavefa1len.W:Hasthemarketbeenbadlyhitbytherecession?M:Oh,certainly.Theeconomicproblemsinchampagne'sexportmarkets,that'sEurope,theUnitedStates,Japan,andofcourse,thedomesticmarketinFrance.Theeconomicproblemshavecertainlybeenonereasonforthedecreaseinchampagnesales.W:Andtheotherreasons?M:Anotherimportantfactorhasbeenprice.Intheearly90s,champagnewasveryoverpriced,somanypeoplestoppedbuyingit.Instead,theyboughtsparklingwinesfromother

149countries,inparticular,fromAustralia,andSpain.Andthen,therewasanotherproblemforchampagneintheearly90s.W：Whatwasthat?M:Therewasalotofratherbadchampagneonthemarket.Thismeantthepopularityofgoodsparklingwinesincreasedevenmore.Peopleweresurprisedbytheirquality,andofcoursetheywerealotcheaperthanchampagne.W:Doyouthinkthechampagnemarketwi11recoverinthefuture?M:Oh,Umsureitwill.Whentheeconomicsituationimproves,Ibelievethemarketwi11recover.19.Whatdoesthemansayaboutchampagneinthe1980s?20.Whydidsparklingwinesbecomemorepopularthanchampagneintheearly90s?21.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthechampagnemarketinthefuture?ConversationTwoW:Right,well,inthestudiothismorning,forourinterviewspotisPeterWiIson.PeterworksforGreenPeace.So,Peter,welcome.M:Thanksalot.It'sgoodtobehere.X:Great!Now,Peter,perhapsyoucouldtel1ussomethingaboutGreenPeaceandyourjobthere.Y:Sure.Well,I'11startbytellingyouroughlywhatGreenPeaceisal1about.IactuallyworkinLondonfortheGreenPeaceOrganization.We'vebeengoingforafewdecadesandwezreanon-violent,non-politica1organization.We'reinvolvedinantinuclearactivity,conservationandprotectionofanimalsandprotectionandsupportofoureco-system.I'mtheactionorganizerandarrangeanyprotests.W：Right!Aprettyimportantrole,Peter.Whatsortofprotestwouldyouorganize?Z:Well,recentlywe?vebeeninvolvedinanti-nuclearcampaigns.I,persona1ly,arrangedforthedemonstrationagainstradioactivewastedumpingintheAtlanticOcean.We'vegotafewsmallGreenPeaceboatsthatweharassedthedumpingshipswith.W:Say?Holdon,Peter.Ithoughtyousaidyourorganizationwasnon-violent.Whatdoyoumeanby"harass"?AA:Wei1,wecircleroundandroundtheshipsandgetinthewaywhentheytrytodumpthedrumsofnuclearwasteinthesea.Wetalktothemenandtrytochange,youknow,yel1atthemtostop.Wegenera1lymakeourselvesasmuchofanuisanceaspossible.W：Well,peoplemaythinkdifferentlyofyourmethodsbutthere,snodoubtyou'redoingagreatjob.Keepitupandgoodluck.Andthanksfortalkingwithus.M:Thanksforhavingme.22.Whatistheman,schiefresponsibi1ityintheGreenPeaceorganization?23.WhathasGreenPeacebeeninvolvedinrecently?24.HowdoesGreenPeacetrytostoppeoplefrom(lumpingnuclearwaste?25.Whatisthewoman'sattitudetowardstheGreenPeace'scampaigns?SectionB

150PassageOneTofindoutwhattheweatherisgoingtobe,mostpeoplegostraighttotheradio,television,ornewspaper,togetanexpertweatherforecast.Butifyouknowwhattolookfor,youcanuseyourownsensestomakeweatherpredictions.There'remanysignsthatcanhelpyou.Forexample,infairweather,theairpressureisgenerallyhigh,theairisstill,andoftenfullofdust.Andfarawayobjectsmaylookvague.Butwhenastormisblowing,thepressuredrops,andyouareoftenabletoseethingsmoreclearly.Sailorstooknoteofthislongago,andcameupwiththesaying:"Thefartherthesight,thenearertherain."Yoursenseofsmel1canalsohelpyoudetectweatherchanges.Justbeforeitrains,odorsbecomestronger.Thisisbecauseodorsarerepressedinafairhighpressurecenter.Whenabadweatherlowmovesin,airpressurelessens,andodorsarereleased.Youcanalsohearanapproachingstorm.Soundsbounceoffheavystormcloudsandreturntoearthwithincreasedforce.Anoldsayingdescribesitthisway:nSoundtravelingfarandwide,astormydaywi11betied."Anddon'tlaughatyourgrandmotherifshesaysshecanfeelastormcoming.Itiscommonlyknownthatmanypeoplefeelpainsintheirbonesorjointswhenthehumidityrises.Thepressuredrops,andbadweatherisontheway.Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.19.Whydoesthespeakersaywecanseefarawayobjectsmoreclearlyasastormisapproaching?20.Whatdoesthespeakerwanttoshowbyquotingacoupleofoldsayings?21.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?PassageTwoManydaysseemtobringnumeroustasksandresponsibi1ities,al1ofwhichapparentlymustbetackledrightaway.Youspendadayputtingoutfires,butbytheendoftheday,youhaven'taccomplishedanyoftherea1lyimportantthingsyousetouttodo.Indesperation,youdraftato-dolist,butmostdays,youcanmakelittleprogresswithit.Whenyoulookatthelisteachmorning,abigfatcloudofdoomisrightatthetop-thosedifficult,complex,importanttasks,thataresocrucialtogetdone,andsoeasytoavoid.Plentyofuscreateato-dolisttoaddressfeelingsofbeingoverwhelmed,butwerarelyusethesetoolstotheirbesteffect.Theywindoutbeingguilt-provokingremindersofthefactthatwe'reover-committedandlosingcontrolofourpriorities.AccordingtoTimothyPychy1,aprofessorofpsychologyatCarltonUniversityinOttawa,peopleoftendrawupato-dolist,andthenthat*sit.Thelistitselfbecomestheday,sachievement,allowingustofeelwe'vedonesomethingusefulwithouttakingonanyrealwork.Infact,drawingupthelistbecomesawayofavoidingtheworkitself."Toooften,thelistisseenastheaccomplishmentfortheday,reducingtheimmediateguiltofnotworkingonthetasksathandbyinvestingenergyinthelist,"saysPychyl,"Whenalistisusedlikethis,it'ssimplyanotherwayinwhichwe1ietoourselves.”Questions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.Whatistheproblemthattroublesmanypeoplenowadaysaccordingtothespeaker?

15119.Accordingtothespeaker,whatdomanypeopledotocopewiththeirdailytasks?20.AccordingtopsychologistTimonthyPychyl,whatdopeoplefindbytheendoftheday?PassageThreeInmanystressfulsituations,thebody'sresponsescanimproveourperformance.Webecomemoreenergetic,morealert,betterabletotakeeffectiveaction.Butwhenstressisencounteredcontinually,thebody'sreactionsaremorelikelytobeharmfulthanhelpfultous.Thecontinualspeedingupofbodilyreactionsandproductionofstress-relatedhormonesseemtomakepeoplemoresusceptibletoheartdisease.Andstressreactionscanreducethedisease-fightingeffectivenessofthebody'simmunesystem,therebyincreasingsusceptibi1itytoi1Inessesrangingfromcoldstocancer.Stressmaya1socontributetodiseaseinlessdirectwaysbyinfluencingmoodsandbehavior.Peopleunderstressmaybecomeanxiousordepressed,andasaresultmayeattoomuchortoolittle,havesleepdifficultiesorfai1toexercise.Thesebehavioralchangesmayinturnbeharmfultotheirhea1th.Inaddition,peoplearemore1ikelytopayattentiontocertainbodilysensationssuchasachesandpainswhentheyareunderstressandtothinkthatthey*resick.Ifthepersonwerenotunderstress,thesamebodilysensationsmightnotbeperceivedassymptomsandthepersonmightcontinuetofeelwell.Someresearchershavesuggestedthatassumingtheroleofasickpersonisonewayinwhichcertainpeopletrytocopewithstress.Insteadofdealingwiththestressfulsituationdirectly,thesepeoplefallsick.Afterall,itisoftenmoreacceptablyinoursocietytobesickandtoseekmedicalhelpthanitistoadmitthatonecannotcopewiththestressesoflife.Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.21.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutpeoplewhoencounterstressonceinawhile?22.Whatdoesthespeakersayfrequentstressreactionsmayleadto?

15219.Whatarepeoplemorelikelytodowhentheyareunderstress?20.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?SectionCOneofthemostcommonimagesofanadvanced,Western-stylecultureisthatofabusy,traffic-filledcity.Sincetheirfirst(36)appearanceonAmericanroadways,automobileshavebecomea(37)symbolofprogress,asourceofthousandsofjobs,andanalmostinalienablerightforcitizens'persona1freedomofmovement.Inrecent(38)decades,our"loveaffair**withthecarisbeing(39)exporteddirectlytothedevelopingworldanditisincreasingly(40)apparentthatthistransferisleadingtodisaster.America5salmostcompletedependenceonautomobileshasbeenaterriblemistake.Aslateasthe1950s,alarge(41)percentageoftheAmericanpublicusedmasstransit.A(42)combinationofpublicpolicydecisionsandcorporateschemingsawtoitthatcountless(43)convenientandefficienturbanstreetcarandintra-cityrailsystemsweredismantled.(44)Ourairqualitynowsuffersfromtheeffectsofpollutantsemitteddirectlyfromourcars.Our1iveshavebeenplannedalongaroadgrid-homesfarfromwork,shoppingfarfromeverything,withuglystretchesofconcreteandblacktopinbetween.DevelopingcountriesarecopyingWestern-styletransportationsystemsdowntothelastdetail.(45)TheproblemscausedbymotorizedvehiclesintheWestareoftenmagnifiedindevelopingnations.Pollution-controlmeasuresareeithernotstrictornonexistent,leadingtochokingcloudsofsmog.Gasolinestillcontainslead,whichisextremelypoisonoustohumans.(46)Movementinsomecitiescomestoavirtualstandstillasmotorizedtrafficcompeteswithbicyclesandpedestrians.Inadditiontopollutionandtrafficjams,autosafetyIsacritica1issueindevelopingnations.Test23SectionA11.W：IforgottotellyouthatFredcalledlastnighttoborrowyoursleepingbag.M:Oh,Isawhimatthegymthismorning,buthedidnztsayanything.Sohemusthaveaskedsomebodyelse.Q:Whatdoesthemanimply?12.W：ThesesummerdaysaregettingtobemorethanIcantake.Itwaseventoohottogotothepoolyesterday.M:Hanginthere.Accordingtotheweatherreport,weshouldhavesomereliefbytheendoftheweek.Q.Whatdoesthemanmean?13.WWell,tonightwehaveProfessorBrowninourstudiototalkaboutthefamousoi1-paintingofQueenVictoria.Goodevening,professor.M:Goodevening,madam.Mypleasuretobeheretonight.Q:Whatisthewomandoing?14.M:Theplantsnexttothewindowalwayslookbrown.Youwouldn'tknowbylookingatthemthatIwaterthemeveryweek.

153WMaybetheydon't1ikedirectsunlight.Ihadthesameproblemwithsomeofmyplants.Andalittleshadehelpsthemimmensely.QWhatdoesthewomanimply?11.MI'mreallyexhausted,Mary.ButIdon'twanttomisstheHollywoodmoviethatcomesonateleven.W:If1wereyou,I'dskipit.Webothhavetogetupearlytomorrow.Andanyway,I'veheardit'snotasexcitingasadvertised.Q:Whatdoesthewomansuggestthemando?12.M:Thosemodernsculpturesovertherearereallyweird.Don'tyouthinkso?W:Well,Icouldn71standthemeitheratfirst.ButnowIzvecometolikemodernart,particularlythosesculpturescarvedbyItaiianartists.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?13.M:I'mreallygladourclubdecidedtoraisemoneyforthechildrenzshospitai.Andmostofthepeoplewephonedseemedhappytocontribute.W:Yeah!Iagree.Nowthatwe'vegonethroughal1thenumbersonourlist,Iguesswecancallitaday.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakers?14.M:HaveyouheardofProfessorSmith?I'mthinkingoftakinganadvancedengineeringcoursewithhim.Whatdoyouthink?W：Yeah!Youreallyshould.He'spublisheddozensofbookssofar.One'sbeenrecommendedasatextbookforpostgraduates.Q:Whatdoesthewomanimply?ConversationOneW：YouaretheeditorofPublicEye.Whatkindoftopicsdoesyourprogramcover?M:Wei1,thereareessentiallydomesticstories.Wedon'tcoverinternationalstories.Wedon'tcoverpartypoliticsoreconomics.Wedoissuesofgenera1socialconcerntoourBritishaudience.Theycanbeanythingfromthefutureofthehealthservicetothewaytheenvironmentisgoingdownhi11.W:Howdoyouchoosethetopic?Doyouchooseonebecauseit'swhatthepublicwantstoknowaboutorbecauseit'swhatyoufeelthepublicoughttoknowabout?M:Ithinkit'samixtureofboth.Sometimesyouhaveastrongfeelingthatsomethingisimportantandyouwanttoseeitexaminedandyouwanttocontributetoapublicdebate.Sometimespeoplecometoyouwiththingstheyareworriedaboutandtheycanbequitesma11things.Theycanbeastoryaboutcorruptioninlocalgovernment,somethingtheycan'tquiteunderstand,whyitdoesnztseemtobeworkingoutproperly,1iketheyarenothavingtheir1ittercollectedproperlyorthedustbinsemptied.W：Howdoyouknowthatyou'vegotarea1lysuccessfulprogram?Onethatisjustrightforthetime?M:Ithinkyougetasenseaboutitafterworkinginitanumberofyears.Youknowwhichstoriesaregoingtogettheattention.They'regoingtobepublishedjustthepointwhen

154thepublicareconcernedaboutthat.11.WhichkindoftopicsdoesPublicEyecover?12.HowdoesPublicEyechooseitstopics?13.Whatfactorplaysanimportantroleinrunningasuccessfulprogram?ConversationTwoW:Hi,ProfessorSmith.Ihearyou,vewrittenabooktitledVisions.M:Yes.Itexplainshowsciencewi11revolutionizethe21stcentury.W:CouldIaskyousomequestionsconcerningthebook?M:Sure!W:Areyouoptimisticaboutthefuture?M:Generally,Yeah.Ifwegobacktotheyearof1900,mostAmericansdidn't1ivebeyondtheageof50.Sincethen,we'vehadimprovementsinhealthcareandtechnology.Thereisnoreasonwhythesewon'tcontinuefarintothe21stcentury.W:Arewereadyforthechangesthatwi11come?M:Changesarealreadyhappening.Thefutureisherenow.WehaveDNA,microchips,theInternet.Somepeople,sreactionistosay,wearetooold;wedon'tunderstandnewtechnology.Myreactionistosay,wemusteducatepeopletousenewtechnologynow.W：Isworldpopulationgoingtobeabigproblem?M:Yesandno.!thinkthatworldpopulationwi11stopincreasingasweal1getricher.Ifyouareapartofthemiddleclass,youdon'twantorneed12chiIdren.W：Wouldtherebeaworldgovernment?N:Veryprobably.Wewi11havetomanagetheworldanditsresourcesonagloballevelbecausecountriesalonearetoosmall.W:Willwehavecontrolofeverything?O:Ithinkwez11learntocontroltheweather,volcanoesandearthquakes.11Inesswon'texist.We'11grownewlivers,kidneys,hearts,andlungslikesparepartsforacar.Peoplewi11livetoabout130or150.For2000years,wehavetriedtounderstandourenvironment.Nowwe'llbegintocontrolit.22.WhatdoesProfessorSmithsayaboutmostAmericansaroundtheyearof1900?23.WhatdoesProfessorSmithadvisewedo?24.Whenwi11theworldpopulationstopgrowingaccordingtoProfessorSmith?25.WhatdoesProfessorSmiththinkhumanbeingswi11beabletodo?SectionBPassageOneGettingbehindthewheelofacarcanbeanexcitingnewstepinateen,sfife.Butalongwiththatexcitementcomesanewresponsibility-understandingtheneedforcommonsenseandmaturitytoavoidaccidents.Inanefforttospreadawarenesstoteensacrossthenation,theAlIstateFoundationsponsoredaKeep-The-DriveSummitatSunsetStationonJanuary23rd.StudentsfromKennedyandAlamoHeightsHighschoolsparticipatedintheSummitwhichwasheldhereforthefirsttime.Thegoaloftheyear-longeffortistoeducateteensontherules

155ofsafedrivingandthesevereconsequencesthatcanresultifthoserulesarenotfollowed,andthenhavethemcommunicatethatinformationtotheirpeers.Thestudentswatchedvideosthattoldthemaboutthenumbersofteenagedrivinginjuriesanddeaths.Theylistenedtothevideosasstudentsfromothercitiessharetheirstoriesofhowtheirrecklessdrivingaffectednotonlytheirlivesbutalsothoseoftheirpassengers."Wearetryingtocreateawarenessinhighschoolsacrossthecountries,"saidWesterman,anAlIstaterepresentative,"Wefocusonchanginghowteensthinkbehindthewheel."Accordingtothepresentation,moreteensdieinautomobilecrashesintheUnitedStateseachyearthanfromdrugs,violence,smokingandsuicide.Anaverageof16teensdieeverydayinmotorvehiclecrashesandnearlyfortypercentofthosearecausedbyspeeding.Texasisthestatewiththemostteendrivingdeathsaccordingtothepresentation.Studentsagreedthatthestatisticswereamazingandmadethemthinktwiceabouthowtheydrive.Questions26to28arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.ForwhatpurposedidtheAlIstateFoundationsponsortheKeep-The-DriveSummit?23.WhatcausesthegreatestnumberofdeathsamongAmericanteensaccordingtothepresentation?24.WhatcanweconcludeabouttheKeep-The-DriveSummit?PassageTwoDr.AllenHershdesignssmellsforbusinesses.Hesaysthatitdoesn'ttakeawholelotofsmel1toaffectyou.Storeownerscanlureyoutothecandyaisle,evenifyoudon,trealizeyouaresmel1ingcandy.Thisideascaresalotofpeople.Groupsthatprotecttherightsofshoppersareupset.Theysaythestoresareusingakindofbrainwashingwhichtheycallnsmell-washingH."It'sprettydishonest,HsaysMarkSiIbergeld.Herunsanorganizationthatchecksoutproductsforconsumers.Thescientistshiredtodesignthescentsdisagree."There'ssoftbackgroundmusic.There,sspecialfighting.There'rea11sortsofbellsbeingused,"saysDr.Hersh,"Whynotsmells?""Onereasonwhynot,"saysSiIbergeld,nisthatsomepeopleareallergictocertainscentspumpedintoproductsorstores."Butthereisawholeothersidetothisdebate,"DothesmelIsreallywork?Sofar,thereislittleproofonewayortheother,butDr.Hershhasrunsomeinterestingexperiments.InoneofHersh,sexperiments,31volunteerswereledintoashoestorethatsmellsslightly1ikeflowers.Later,anothergroupshoppedinthesamestore,butwithnoflowerodor.Dr.Hershfoundthat84%oftheshoppersweremore1ikelytobuytheshoesintheflower-scentedroom,butHershfoundoutsomethingevenstranger."Whetherthevolunteersliketheflowerscentornotdidn'tmatter,"Hershsays."Somereportedthattheyhatedthesmell,buttheystillweremorelikelytobuytheshoesinthescentedroom.nQuestions29to31arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.25.WhyaresomepeopleagainsttheuseofsmelIstoattractcustomers?26.WhatisDr.Hersh,sattitudetotheuseofsmellsforbusiness?

15622.WhatdidHersh'sexperimentshow?PassageThreeThisisRayMcCarthywiththenews.ReportsarecominginofamajortraincrashinJapan.ApassengertraincarryinghundredsofworkershomefromthecenterofTokyoisreportedtohavehitanoncominggoodstrain.Bothweretravelingathighspeed.Figuresarenotyetavailablebutitisbelievedthatthedeathtol1couldbeashighas300,withhundredsmoreinjured.Emergencyandrescueservicesrushedtothescene.Butourreportersaysitwi11takedaystoclearthetrackandtoestabiishthenumbersofthedeadandinjured.Therewasasimilaraccidentonthesamestretchoftrackfouryearsago.TherewasanotherbombscareinalargeLondonstorelastnightduringlatenightshopping.Followingatelephonecal1tothepolicefromananonymousca1ler,hundredsofshopperswereshepherdedoutofthestorewhileroadsintheareaweresealedoff.Policedogsspenthourssearchingthestoreforabagwhichthecallerclaimedcontained50poundsofexplosives.Nothingwasfoundandthestorewasgiventheall-clearbyopeningtimethismorning.Apolicespokesmansaidthatthiswasthethirdbombscarewithinaweekandthatweshoulda11beonourguard.Andfinally,themotoringorganizationshaveissuedawarningtodriversfollowingtherecentfallsofsnowinmanypartsofthecountry.Althoughthefallsmaybeslight,theysayextracareisneeded.Questions32to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.23.WhataccidenthappenedrecentlyinJapan?24.WhatdothereportssayabouttherecentaccidentinJapan?25.WhydidpeoplehavetoleavetheLondonstorelastnight?26.Whatdidmotoringorganizationsadvisedriverstodo?SectionCEnglishistheleadinginternationallanguage.Indifferentcountriesaroundtheglobe,Englishisacquiredasthemother(36)tongue,inothersit'susedasasecondlanguage.SomenationsuseEnglishastheir(37)officiallanguage,performingthefunctionof(38)administration;inothersit'susedasaninternationallanguageforbusiness,(39)commerceandindustryWhatfactorsandforceshaveledtothe(40)spreadofEnglish?WhyisEnglishnowconsideredtobesoprestigiousthat,acrosstheglobe,individualsandsocietiesfeel(41)disadvantagediftheydonothave(42)competenceinthislanguage?HowhasEnglishchangedthrough1,500years?Thesearesomeofthequestionsthatyou(43)investigatewhenyoustudyEnglish.Youalsoexaminetheimmensevariabi1ityofEnglishand(44)cometounderstandhowit'susedasasymbolofbothindividualidentityandsocialconnection.Youdevelopin-depthknowledgeoftheintricatestructureofthelanguage.Whydosomenon-nativespeakersofEnglishclaimthatit'sadifficultlanguagetolearn,while(45)infantsbornintoEnglish-speakingcommunitiesacquiretheirlanguagebeforetheylearntouseforksandknives?AttheUniversity

157ofSussex,youareintroducedtothenatureandgrammarofEnglishinal1itsaspects.Thisinvolvesthestudyofsoundstructures,theformationofwords,thesequencingofwordsandtheconstructionofmeaning,aswel1asexaminationofthetheoriesexplainingtheseaspectsofEnglishusage.(46)Youareencouragedtodevelopyourownindividualresponsestovariouspracticalandtheoreticalissues,whichareraisedbystudyinghowspeakersandwritersemployEnglishforawidevarietyofpurposesTest24SectionA11.WDidyouusecreditcardsonyourvacationlastmonthinEurope?M:Suredid.Theycertainlybeatgoingaroundwithawalletful1ofbigbills.Butcarryinglotsofcashisstillverycommonamongsomeolderpeopletravelingabroad.Q:Whatdoesthemansayaboutsomeelderlypeople?12.W：Rodmustbeinabadmoodtoday.What'swrongwithhim?M:HewaspassedoverintheselectionprocessforthedeanoftheAdmission?sOffice.He'dbeenhopingforthepositionforalongtime.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?13.M:WhatagreatsingerJustinis!Hisconcertisjustawesomeandyou'11neverregretthemoneyyoupaidfortheticket.W:Yeah,judgingbytheamountofapplause,everyonewasenjoyingit.Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?14.W：Ireceivedanemai1yesterdayfromHenry.DoyourememberhewasoneofthechairpersonsofourStudents'Union?M:Yes,butIhaven*theardfromhimforages.Actually,Vvebeenoutoftouchwithhimsinceourfirstreunionaftergraduation.Q:Whatdowelearnaboutthespeakers?15.M:DrivingatnightaIwaysmakesmetired.Let*sstopfordinner.W:Fine,andlet,sfindamotelsothatwecangetanearlystarttomorrow.Q:Whatwi11thespeakersprobablydo?16.W：Let'slookatthesurveyonconsumerconfidenceweconductedlastweek.Howreliablearethesefigures?M:Theyhaveafivepercentmarginoferror.Q:Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?17.W：Lookatthiscatalogue,John.IthinkIwanttogetthisredblouse.M:Eh.Ithinkyoualreadyhaveonelikethisinblue.Doyouneedeverycolorintherainbow?Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?18.W：Thisnoticesaysthatalltheintroductorymarketingclassesareclosed.M:Thatcan'tbetrue.There'ssupposedtobethirteenofthemthissemester.Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

158ConversationOneM:Iseeonyourresumethatyouworkedasamanagerofastoreca1ledComputerCountry.Couldyoutellmealittlemoreaboutyourresponsibi1itiesthere?W:Sure.Iwasresponsibleforoverseeingabout30employees.IdidalloftheorderingforthestoreandIkepttrackoftheinventory.M:Whatwasthemostdifficultpartofyourjob?W:Probablyhandlingangrycustomers.Wedidn'thavethemveryoften,butwhenwedid,Ineededtomakesuretheywerewelltakencareof.Afterall,thecustomerisalwaysfight.M:That,showwefeelhere,too.Howlongdidyouworkthere?W:Iwasthereforthreeandahalfyears.Ileftthecompanylastmonth.M:Andwhydidyouleave?W：MyhusbandhasbeentransferredtoBostonandIunderstandyourcompanyhasanopeningthere,too.M:Yes,that'sfight.Wedo.Butthepositionwon71startuntilearlynextmonth.Wouldthatbeaproblemforyou?W：No,notatall.Myhusband7snewjobdoesn,tbeginforafewweeks,sowethoughtwewouldspendsometimedrivingtoBostonandstoptoseemyparents.M:Thatsoundsnice.So,tellme,whyareyouinterestedinthisparticularposition?W:Iknowthatyourcompanyhasagreatreputationandawonderfulproduct.VvethoughtmanytimesthatIwouldliketobeapartofit.WhenIheardabouttheopeninginBoston,Ijumpedtotheopportunity.M:Well,I'mgladyoudid.19.Whatwasthewoman'spreviousjob?20.Whatdoesthewomansaywiththemostdifficultpartofherjob?21.WhyisthewomanlookingforajobinBoston?22.Whencanthewomanstarttoworkifshegetsthejob?ConversationTwoW：Today,inthisstudio,wehaveAlbertoCuries,thewell-knownBrazi1ianadvocateoftheanti-globalmovement.He'sheretotalkabouttherecentreportstatingthatby2050,Brazi1wi11beoneoftheworld*swealthiestandmostsuccessfulcountries.Alberto,whatdoyousaytothisreport?M:Youknowthisisn'tthefirstrimethatpeoplearesayingBrazilwi11beagreateconomicpower.Thesamethingwassaidoverahundredyearsago,butitdidn'thappen.W:Yes,butyoumustadmittheworld'saverydifferentplacenow.M:Ofcourse.Infact,Ibelievethattheremaybesometruthsinthepredictionsthistimearound.Firstofa11,though,wemustremembertheproblemsfacingBrazi1atthemoment.W:Suchas?M:There'sanenormousgapbetweentherichandthepoorinthiscountry.InSaoPaulo,youcanseeshoppingmallsfullofdesignergoodsrightnextdoortotheslumareaswithoutproperwaterorelectricitysupplies.Alotofworkneedstobedonetohelppeopleinthose

159areasimprovetheir1ives.W:Whatneedstobedone?M:Education,forexample.ForBrazi1,tobesuccessful,weneedtooffereducationtoal1Brazi1ians.Successfulcountries,likeSouthKoreaandSingapore,haveexcellenteducationsystems.Brazilneedstolearnfromthesecountries.W：Soyou'rehopefulforthefuture?M:AsIsaidearlier,I'mhopeful.Thisisnztaneasyjob.WeneedtomakesurethattheseimportantopportunitiesforBrazi1arenztwastedastheywereinthepast.19.WhatdoestherecentreportsayaboutBrazi1?20.WhatproblemdoesAlbertosayBrazilfacesnow?21.WhatdoesAlbertosayabouteconomicallysuccessfulcountries?SectionBPassageOneWilmaSubrahadnointentionofbecomingapublicspeaker.Aftergraduatingfromcollegewithdegreesinchemistryandmicrobiology,shewenttoworkatGulfSouthResearchInstituteinLouisiana.Aspartofherjob,sheconductedfieldresearchontoxicsubstancesintheenvironment,ofteninminoritycommunitieslocatednearlargeindustrialpolluters.Shefoundmanyfami1ieswerebeingexposedtohigh,sometimesdeadlylevelsofchemicalsandothertoxicsubstances.Butshewasnotallowedtomakeherinformationpublic.Frustratedbytheserestrictions,Subraleftherjobin1981,createdherowncompany,andhasdevotedthepasttwodecadestohelpingpeoplefightbackagainstgiantindustria1polluters.Sheworkswithfami1iesandcommunitygroupstoconductenvironmentaltests,interprettestresults,andorganizeforchange.Becauseofherefforts,dozensoftoxicsitesacrossthecountryhavebeencleanedup.Andonechemicalindustryspokespersoncallshernatopgun"fortheenvironmentalmovement.HowhasSubraachieveda11this?Partlythroughherscientifictraining,partlythroughhercommitmenttoenvironmentaljustice.Butjustasimportantisherabi1itytocommunicatewithpeoplethroughpublicspeaking."Publicspeaking,"shesays,"istheprimaryvehicleIuseforreachingpeople."IfyouhadaskedSubrabefore1981:Doyouseeyourselfasamajorpublicspeaker?Shewouldhavelaughedattheidea.Yettodayshegivesmorethan100presentationsayear.Alongthewayshe'slecturedatHarvard,testifiedbeforeCongressandaddressedaudiencesin40states,aswellasinMexico,CanadaandJapan.Questions26to29arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.22.WhatdidWilmaSubradoaspartofherjobwhileworkingatGulfSouthResearchInstitute?23.WhydidWiImaSubraleaveherjobin1981?24.WhatresultshaveWiImaSubra'seffortshadinthepasttwodecades?29.WhatdoesthespeakersayhascontributedtoWilmaSubra'ssuccess?PassageTwoOneofthebiggestchailengesfacingemployersandeducatorstodayistherapidadvanceofgloba1isation.Themarketplaceisnolongernationa1orregional,butextendstoallcomersoftheworld,andthisrequiresaglobal-readyworkforce.Universitieshavealarge

160parttoplayinpreparingstudentsforthe21s.tcenturylabormarketbypromotinginternaliona1educationa1experiences.Themostobviouswayuniversitiescanhelpdevelopagloba1workforceisbyencouragingstudentstostudyabroadaspartoftheircourse.Studentswhohaveexperiencedanotherculturefirsthandaremorelikelytobeglobal-readywhentheygraduate.Globalworkforcedevelopmentdoesn'talwayshavetoinvolvetravelabroad,however.Ifstudentslearnanotherlanguage,andstudyothercultures,theywi11bemoreglobal-readywhentheygraduate.11isimportanttopointoutthatstudentsalsoneedtohaveadeepunderstandingoftheirownculturebeforetheycanbegintoobserve,analyseandevaluateothercu1tures.Inmulticultura1societies,peoplecanstudyeachother'sculturestodevelopintercultura1competencies,suchascriticalandreflectivethinkingandintellectualflexibility.Thiscanbedoneboththroughthecurriculum,andthroughactivitiesoncampusoutsideoftheclassroomsuchasartexhibitionsandlecturesfrominternaliona1experts.Manyuniversitiesarealreadyembracingthischailengeandprovidingopportunitiesforstudentstobecomeglobalcitizens.Studentsthemselves,however,maynotrealizethatwhentheygraduate,theywi11becompetinginagloballabormarket.Anduniversitiesneedtoraiseawarenessoftheseissuesamongstundergraduates.Questions30to32arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.30.Whatisoneofthebiggestchallengesfacingemployersandeducatorstoday?31.Whatshouldstudentsdofirstbeforetheycanreallyunderstandothercultures?32.Whatshouldcollegestudentsrealizeaccordingtothespeaker?PassageThreeToseeifhaircoloraffectsaperson,schancesofgettingajob,researchersatCa1iforniaStateUniversityasked136collegestudentstoreviewtheresumeandphotographofafemaleapplicantforajobasanaccountant.Eachstudentwasgiventhesameresume.Buttheapplicant'spicturewasaltered,sothatinsomephotosherhairwasgolden,insomeredandinsomebrown.Theresult?Withbrownhair,thewomanwasratedmorecapable,andshewasofferedahighersalarythanwhenshehadgoldenorredhair.Otherstudieshavefoundsimilarresults.Manyrespondentsratewomenwithgoldenhairaslessintel1igentthanotherpeople,andredheadsasmoretemperamental.Womenwithredorgoldenhairarevictimsofthecommonpracticeofstereotyping.Astereotypeisasimplisticorexaggeratedimagethathumanscarryintheirmindsaboutgroupsofpeople.Forexample,Mlawyersareshrewdanddishonestnisapopularstereotype.Stereotypingcanoccurinpublicspeakingclasses.Whentryingtochooseaspeechtopic,somemalesthinkthatwomenareuninterestedinhowtorepaircars,whilesomefemalesthinkthatmenareuninterestedincreativehobbies,suchasknittingandneedlepoint.Weshouldrejectstereotypes,becausetheyforceal1peopleinagroupintothesamesimplepattern.Theyfailtoaccountforindividualdifferences,andthewiderangeofcharacteristicsamongmembersofanygroup.Somelawyersaredishonest,yes,butmanyarenot.Somewomenareuninterestedinrepairingcars,yes,butsomeareenthusiasticmechanics.Questions33to35arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

16130.WhatdidresearchersatCaliforniaStateUniversityfind?31.Whatisthepopularstereotypeoflawyers?32.Whydoesthespeakersayweshouldrejectstereotypes?SectionCTheancientGreeksdevelopedbasicmemorysystemscalledMnemonics.Thenameis(36)derivedfromtheirGoddessofMemory,Mnemosene.Intheancientworld,atrainedmemorywasan(37)immenseasset,particularlyinpubliclife.Therewereno(38)convenientdevicesfortakingnotesandearlyGreekoratorsdeliveredlongspeecheswithgreat(39)accuracybecausetheylearnedthespeechesusingMnemonicsystems.TheGreeksdiscoveredthathumanmemoryis(40)largelyanassociativeprocess-thatitworksbylinkingthingstogether.Forexample,thinkofanapple.The(41)instinctyourbrainregistersthewordfapple7,it(42)recallstheshape,colour,taste,smelland(43)textureofthatfruit.Al1thesethingsareassociatedinyourmemorywiththeword1apple7.(44)Thismeansthatanythoughtaboutacertainsubjectwilloftenbringupmorememoriesthatarerelatedtoit.Anexamplecouldbewhenyouthinkaboutalectureyouhavehad.Thiscouldtriggeramemoryaboutwhatyouweretalkingaboutthroughthatlecture,whichcanthentriggeranothermemory.(45)Associationsdonothavetobelogical.Theyjusthavetomakeagoodlink.AnexamplegivenonawebsiteIwaslookingatfollows:DoyouremembertheshapeofAustria,Canada,Be1giurn,orGermany?Probablynot.WhataboutItaly,though?(46)IfyouremembertheshapeofItaly,itisbecauseyouhavebeentoldatsometimethatItalyisshaped1ikeaboot.Youmadeanassociationwithsomethingalreadyknown,theshapeofaboot,andItaly'sshapecouldnotbeforgottenonceyouhadmadetheassociation.

162答案Test11.B2.C3.B4.D5.A6.B7.D8.A9.C10.A11.C12.B13.D14.B15.D16.A17.C18.C19.A20.DTest21.D2.C3.B4.D5.A6.C7.A8.B9.D10.BSI.formerS2.aimedS3,bi11ionS4.coordinationS5.specialistsS6.grantsS7.addressS8.They'relikelytodropoutofschoolandlesslikelytosucceedinlife.S9.Theprogram,initiatedbyPresidentClinton,hascomeundercriticismbyCongressS10.Dozensofcollegesanduniversitiesarepreparedtosendthousandsoftheirstudentsinsupportoftheprogram.Test31.D2.A3.C4.B5.C6.B7.B8.D9.A10.c11.C12.A13.B14.A15.D16.D17.D18.C19.A20.BTest41.D2.B3.D4.C5.B6.A7.C8.C9.D10.B11.D12.A13.B14.C15.B

16316.A17.A18.D19.C20.ATest51.A2.C3.C4.D5.A6.B7.B8.C9.D10.B51.over52.constantly53.mechanism54.maintain55.overall56.normal57.increase58.Itcanbeinfluencedbyavarietyoffactors,includinghowmuchweweigh,orhowthatweightisdistributed.59.Similarfindingshavealsobeenreportedatthehighschoollevel,mainlywithfemalestudents.510.TheprimarycauseofthisconcernisthevaluethatAmericansociety,ingeneral,assignstophysicalappearance.Test61.B2.A3.C4.B5.A6.B7.C8.A9.D10.D11.B12.D13.C14.B15.D16.C17.A18.B19.A20.ATest71.C2.D3.B4.D5.C6.B7.A8.C9.A10.c11.C12.D13.B14.D15.B16.A17.A18.D19.D20.CTest81.A2.D3.B4.C5.B6.A7.B8.D9.C10.B11.C12.A13.B14.C15.B16.C17.D18.D19.C20.A

164Test91.A2.C3.A4.C5.D6.B7.C8.D9.B10.B11.C12.B13.D14.C15.D16.C17.B18.A19.A20.DTest101.D2.B3.A4.C5.A6.D7.C8.C9.B10.A11.C12.B13.C14.B15.D16.D17.D18.A19.B20.CTest111.C2.A3.B4.B5.D6.C7.B8.A9.C10.D11.C12.D13.B14.A15.B16.D17.A18.C19.D20.CTest121.A2.B3.C4.A5.B6.A7.C8.D9.D10.B11.C12.B13.C14.A15.D16.B17.D18.A19.C20.ATest131.D2.B3.A4.A5.C6.D7.A8.B9.C10.B11.B12.C13.C14.A15.D16.A17.B18.D19.C20.ATest141.C2.B3.D4.C5.A6.C7.B8.D9.A10.B51.fie52.associated53.assign54.spent

16551.difficulty52.afford53.infant54.sheisentitiedtoaplaceofherownwhereshecanbebyherselfandkeepherpossessions.55.peoplewi11havetheirprivatethoughtsthatmightneverbesharedwithanyone.S10.Americans'houses,yards,an(ieventheirofficescanseemopenandinviting,yet,inthemindsofAmericans,thereareboundariesthatotherpeoplearesimplynotsupposedtocross.Test151.D2.A3.B4.C5.A6.A7.D8.C9.A10.B11.C12.D13.A14.A15.B16.D17.C18,C19.D20.BTest161.A2.D3.A4.B5.C6.D7.A8.C9.C10.B11.D12.A13.C14.A15.B16.C17.D18.B19.A20.DTest171.C2.A3.D4.B5.B6.C7.A8.D9.A10.D11.A12.B13.D14.D15.C16.A17.D18.B19.A20.CTest1811.D12.C13.B14.C15.D16.A17.B18.A19.B20.D21.A22.C23.B24.C25.A26.B27.C28.C29.D30.A31.A32.A33.C34.D35.B36.addition37.psychologist38.recognize39.chaHenges40.wisdom41.identify

16642.secret43.specific44.ThisisthefirstdemonstrationthatwecanchoosewhatwordsthechiIdrenwi11learnandthattheycanrespondtothem.45.What*smore,thestudyoflanguageacquisitionoffersdirectinsightintohowhumanslearn.46.Evenwithoutbeingtaughtnewwords,acontrolgroupcaughtupwiththeotherinfantswithinafewmonths.Test1911.A12.B13.D14.C15.A16.B17.C18.A19.B20.D21.D22.C23.A24.C25.B26.A27.D28.D29.C30.B31.A32.B33.D34.A35.C36.1icensed37.obligation38.assess39.coordinate40.circumstance41.inappropriate42.responsibi1ity43.prime44.Itissometimesrequiredthatweworkovertime,andthatwechangeshiftsfourorfivetimesamonth45.Mosthospitalsarenowstaffedbynewgraduates,asexperiencednursesfinallybeprovidedbynew,giveuptryingtochangethesysteminexperienced,andsometimesinadequatelytrainednursesTest2011.C12.B13.A14.C15.B16.D17.B18.C19.A20.B21.A22.B23.D24.B25.C26.D27.C28.D29.A30.C31.D32.B33.A34.D35.B46.theywi11findthatmostcriticalhospita1carewi1136.squarely37.floating38.Occasionally39.dutifully40.witty41.humorous

16736.guilt37.material38.theinstructor,stalkingaboutroadconstructioninancientRome,andnothingcouldbemoreboring39.Yourblankexpression,andthefarawaylookinyoureyesarethecuesthatbetrayyourinattentiveness40.theyautomaticallystartdaydreamingwhenaspeakerbeginstalkingonsomethingcomplexoruninterestingTest2111.A12.D13.C14.A15.B16.A17.D18.C19.B20.A21.D22.B23.C24.A25.B26.D27.A28.B29.D30.D31.B32.C33.D34.B35.C36.survive37.complicated38.offenders39.whereby40.incurring41.influence42.serving43.restore44.Thealternativetocapitaipunishmentislongersentencesbuttheywouldcertainlycostthetax-payersmuchmoney45.thatdoesnotmeanthatthepersonisn,tgui1tyofthecrimeorthatheshouldn'tpaysocietythedebtheowesactsthathecommittedwhilenotinful146.alargepartofitinprisonforcontrolofhismindTest22ILA12.C13.D14.C15.D16.D17.A18.C19.B20.A21.B22.A23.C24.A25.D26.B27.C28.B29.D30.B31.A32.A33.B34,D35.C36.appearance37.symbol38.decades39.exported40.apparent41.percentage

16836.combination37.convenient38.Ourairqualitynowsuffersfromtheeffectsofpollutantsemitteddirectlyfromourcars39.TheproblemscausedbymotorizedvehiclesintheWestareoftenmagnifiedindevelopingnations40.Movementinsomecitiesconiestoavirtualstandsti11asmotorizedtrafficcompeteswithbicyclesandpedestriansTest2311.D12.B13.C14.D15.C16.B17.A18.A19.B20.D21.B22.A23.C24.D25.C26.B27.A28.C29.B30.C31.A32.C33.D34.A35.D36.tongue37.official38.administration39.commerce40.spread41.disadvantaged42.competence43.investigate44.cometounderstandhowit'susedasasymbolofbothindividua1identityandsocialconnection45.infantsbornintoEnglish-speakingcommunitiesacquiretheirlanguagebeforetheylearntouseforksandknives46.YouareencouragedtodevelopyourownindividualresponsestovariouspracticalandtheoreticalissuesTest2411.B12.C13.D14.A15.D16.C17.A18.B19.B20.A21.D22.C23.D24.B25.A26.D27.A28.C29.B30.C31.A32.B33.B34.C35.D36.derived37.immense38.convenient39.accuracy40.largely41.instinct

16936.reca1Is37.texture38.Thismeansthatanythoughtaboutacertainsubjectwi11oftenbringupmorememoriesthatarerelatedtoit39.Associationsdonothavetobelogical.Theyjusthavetomakeagood1ink40.IfyouremembertheshapeofItaly,itisbecauseyouhavebeentoldatsometimethatItalyisshaped1ikeaboot