初升高资料(词汇为主)

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初中英语高频词汇表Aawake(awoke,awoken)v.唤醒醒着的abilityn.能力；才能abroadad.到（在）国外Babsencen.不在，缺席backgroundn.背景absenta.缺席，不在balloonn.气球accentn.口音，音调bamboon.竹acceptvt.接受basica.基本的accidentn.事故，意外的事beat（beat,beaten）v.敲打；跳动；打赢achievevt.达到，取得begv.请求，乞求，乞讨addressn.地址behaviourn.行为，举止advantagen.优点；好处believev.相信，认为advertisementn.广告beyondprep.（表示位置）在的那边advicen.忠告，劝告，建议bittera.有苦味的；痛苦的，advisevt.忠告，劝告，建议blinda.瞎的affordvt.负担得起（的费用）；抽得出bloodn.血，血液（时间）；提供boardn.木板；v.上（船、火车、飞机）afraida,害怕的；担心bottomn.底部；底againstprep.对着,反对brainn.脑（子）agreev.同意；应允bravea.勇敢的airlinen.航空公司；航空系统breathn.气息；呼吸airplanen.(美)飞机breathevi,呼吸airportn.航空站，飞机场brighta.明亮的；聪明的alivea.活着的，存在的burn(-ed,-ed或burnt,burnt)v.燃，烧，allowvt.允许，准许business〃.生意，交易；事业althoughconj.虽然，尽管ancienta.古代的，古老的Canywayad.不管怎样cameln.骆驼appearvi.出现cameran.照相机；摄像机arean.面积；地域，地方，区域；cancelvt.取消armyn.军队cancern.癌articlen.文章；东西，物品；冠词candlen.蜡烛Asian.亚洲capitaln.首都，省会；大写；资本Asiana.亚洲的，亚洲人的n.亚洲人captainn.（船长，舰长；队长asleepa.睡着的，熟睡的caren.照料，小心v.介意，在乎；关心Atlantica.大西洋的carefula.小心的，仔细的，谨慎的attentionn.注意，关心carelessa.粗心的，漫不经心的avoidv.避免，躲开，逃避causevt.促使，引起，使发生

1celebratev.庆祝crazya.疯狂的centuryn.世纪，百年createvt.创造；造成certaina.确定的，无疑的；定会cruela.残忍的，残酷的；无情的chairmann.主席，会长；议长culturen.文化chairwomann.女主席，女会长；女议长Dchangev.改变，变化；更换；兑换dailya.每日的；日常的cheatn.&v.骗取，哄骗；作弊dangern.危险checkvt.校对，核对；检查；批改dangerousa.危险的choose(chose,chosen)vt.选择deada.死的；无生命的chopsticksn.筷子deafa.聋的clonen.克隆（无性繁殖出来的有机体群）dealv.对付，应付，处理coachn.教练；马车；长途车deathn.死coal〃.煤；煤块decisionn.决定；决心coastn.海岸；海滨degreen.程度；度数；学位collectvt.收集，搜集dependvi.依靠，依赖，指望；取决于collegen.学院；专科学校describevt.描写，叙述comfortablea.舒服的；安逸的；developv.（使）发展；（使）发达；commona.普通的，一般的；共有的developmentn.发展，发达，发育，开发communicatev.交际；传达（感情，信息等）diaryn.日记；日记簿communicationn.交际；交往；通讯differencen.不同companyn.公司differenta.不同的，有差异的comparevt,比较，对照difficulta.难的；艰难的；不易相处的competevi.比赛，竞赛difficultyn.困难，费力competitionn.比赛，竞赛directa.直接的；直截了当的completea.完成的vt.完成，结束一.指挥;指导；compositionn.作文；作曲directionn.方向；方位concertn.音乐会；演奏会directorn.所长，处长，主任；董事；导演conditionn.条件，状况discovervt.发现connectvt.连接，把联系起来discoveryn.发现considervt.考虑discussvt.讨论，议论continuevi.继续discussionn.讨论，辩论controlvt.&n.控制diseasen.病，疾病conversationn.谈话，交谈dismissvt.解散；解雇correctv.改正；纠正a.正确的，对的；disturbvt.扰乱；打扰cottonn.棉花a.棉花的dividevt.分，划分couplen.夫妇，一■对doubtn.&匕怀疑，疑惑couragen.勇气；胆略coursen.过程；经过；课程dozenn.十二个；几十，许多

2Eforeignern.夕卜国人edgen.边缘forest77.森林educationn.教育，培养forwardad.将来，今后；向前，前进effortn.努力，艰难的尝试eldera.年长的furnituren.（总称）家具electrica.带电的Gencouragevt.鼓励generala.大体的，笼统的，总的endn.末尾；终点；结束v.结束，终止gentlemann.绅士，先生；有教养的人enemyn.敌人；敌军geographyn.地理学energyn.精力，能量gesturen.姿势，手势engineern.工程师；技师governmentn.政府entervt.进入grammarn.语法environmentn,环境graspv.抓住：紧握especiallyad.特别，尤其guardn.防护装置，警戒exacta.精确的；确切的guessvi,猜exam=examinationn.考试，测试；examinevt.检查；诊察guestn.客人，宾客examplen.例子；榜样Hexcellenta.极好的，优秀的handsomea,英俊的exceptprep.除之夕卜handwritingn.书法exercisen.锻炼，体操；习题vi.锻炼happenvi.（偶然）发生expectvt.预料；盼望；认为hardlyad几乎不expensivea昂贵的healthya.健康的，健壮的experiencen.经验；经历heavenn,天,天空experimentn.实验heightn.高，高度explainvt.解释，说明hide(hid,hidden)v,把藏起来，隐藏expressvt,表达；表示；表情hit（hit,hit）n.&vt.打，撞，击中honesta诚实的，正直的Fhonour(美honor)n.荣誉，光荣fantastica.极好的，美妙的，很棒的humorousa.富于幽默的fearn.害怕；恐惧；担忧hundrednum.百feed（fed,fed）匕喂（养）；饲（养）feel（felt,felt）v.&link感觉，觉得；hurryvi.赶快；急忙feelingn.感情；感觉Ifetchvt.（去）取来，（去）带来imaginevt.想像，设想fight(fought,fought)v.打仗(架)immediatelyad.立即forcevt.强迫，迫使importanta.重要的foreigna.外国的impossiblea.不可能的

3improvevt.改进，更新machinen.机器includevt.包含，包括magazinen.杂志increasev.&n.增加，繁殖magica.有魔力的industryn.工业，产业manage匕管理；设法对付influencen.&v.影响managern.经理informationn.信息markn.标记vt.标明，作记号于insistvi.坚持说；坚决认为marriagen.结婚，婚姻insteadad.代替，顶替marryV.（使）成婚，结婚instructionn.说明，须知；教导mastervt.精通，掌握intendvt.想要，打算match7vt.使相配，使成对interestn.兴趣，趣味；利息match，n.比赛，竞赛internationala.国际的match'n.火柴interviewn.&vt.采访，会见，面试mean(meant,meant)vt.意思是,意指introducevt.介绍meaningn.意思，含意introductionn.引进，介绍meaningfula.有意义的inventvt.发明，创造medicala.医学的，医疗的inventionn.发明，创造medicinen.药invitevt.邀请，招待memoryn.回忆，记忆invitationn.邀请（函）mendv..修理，修补islandn.岛mentionvt.提到，说起；提名表扬messagen.消息，音信Kmetaln.金属a.金属制成的knockn.&v.敲；打；击methodn.方法，办法knowledgen.知识，学问mistake(mistook,mistaken)/?.错误力.弄错modeln.模型，原形；范例；模范Lmonitorn.（班级内的）班长；监视器labour(美labor)n.劳动murdervt.谋杀languagen.语言museumn.博物馆，博物院last"v.持续lead(led,led)v.领导，带领Nleadern.领袖，领导人nationala.国家的，全国性的，民族的livelya.活泼的；充满生气的naturala.自然的lockn.锁心锁，锁上naturen.自然，性质，lonelya.孤独的，寂寞的necessarya.必需的，必要的lovelya.美好的，可爱的nervousa.紧张不安的luckya.运气好，侥幸normaln.&a.正常的（状态）noticen.布告，通告；注意vt.注意，M

40priden.自豪，骄傲objectn.物，物体；宾语primarya.初等的；初级的officer〃.公务员，官员；警官printvt.印刷operationn.手术，操作prisonn.监狱overcoatn.大衣prisonern.囚犯owna.自己的v.拥有，所有privatea.私人的ownern.物主，所有人prizen.奖赏，奖品producevt.生产；制造Pprogramme(美program)n.节目；项目package一包，一袋，一盒progressn.进步，上进vi.进展；进行paint〃.油漆片油漆，粉刷，绘画promisen.&vi.答应，允诺palacen.宫，宫殿pronouncevt.发音passage〃.一节，一段；通道；走廊pronunciationn.发音passengern,乘客，旅客provevt,证明passportn.护照providevt.提供percentn.百分之publica.公共的，公众的n.公众perfecta.完美的，极好的punishv.惩罚，处罚periodn.时期，时代pupiln.（小）学生personala.个人的，私人的purpose〃.目的，意图pilotn.飞行员pioneern.先锋，开拓者pursen.钱包plastica.塑料的Qplaten.板；片；牌；盘子；盆子quartern.四分之一，一刻钟pleasanta.令人愉快的，舒适的pleasev.请；使人高兴，使人满意queenn.皇后，女王pleasuren.高兴，愉快Rpocketn.（衣服的）口袋raise匕使升高；饲养poemn.诗rapida.快的，迅速的politea.有礼貌的，有教养的realise(美realize)vt.认识到，实现policy〃.政策receivev.收到，得到populationn.人口，人数recenta.近来的，最近的positionn.位置recitev.背诵practicen.练习recordn.记录；唱片practice(美practise)v.练习，实践recordv.录制」，t己录praisen.&vt.赞扬，表扬recordern.录音机preparevt.准备，预备；refusevi.拒绝，不愿presidentn.总统；主席regardv,把看作preventvt.防止，预防regretn.&vt.可惜，遗憾；后悔

5relationn.关系；亲属smootha.光滑的；平坦的remainvt.余下，留下vi.保持，仍是soapn.肥皂requirevt.需求；要求sociala.社会的；社交的researchn.研究，调查societyn.社会reviewvt.复习soldiern.士兵，战土riddlen.谜语solida.结实的，固体的n.固体sparea.空闲的，多余的，剩余的Sspeciala.特别的，专门的safea.安全的n.保险柜speedn.速度v.（使）加速safetyn.安全，保险spiritn.精神sailn.航行v.航行，开航spreadv.延伸；展开satisfy〃.满足，使满意standardn.&a.标准(的)sciencen.科学，自然科学staten.状态；情形；（美国的）州scientistn.科学家steal(stole,stolen)vt.偷，窃取scoren.&v.得分，分数strangern.陌生人，外人searchn.&v.搜寻，搜查streamn.小河；溪流secretaryn.秘书；书记stricta.严格的，严密的seldomad.很少，不常succeedvi.成功sensen.感觉，意识successn.成功sentencen.句子successfula.成功的，有成就的separatev.使分开，使分离suggestvt.建议，提议a.单独的，分开的suggestionn.建议seriousa.严肃的，严重的；认真的supplyvt.&n.供给，供应servantn.仆人，佣人supposevt.猜想，假定，料想servevt.招待（顾客等），服务surfacen.表面servicen.服务severalpron.几个，数个a,若干surprisevt.使惊奇，n.惊奇，shamen.遗憾的事；羞愧Tsharevt.分享，taskn.任务，工作shine(shone,shone)v.发光；照耀；tasten.品尝，尝味；味道vt.品尝，尝味shouldern.肩膀；（道路的）路肩temperaturen.温度sightn.视觉，视力；情景，风景thoughtn.思考，思想；念头silencen.安静，沉默tonguen.舌，舌头silenta.无声的，无对话的toothachen.牙痛silkn.（蚕）丝，丝织品toothbrushn.牙刷silvern.车艮toothpasten.牙膏similara.相似的，像touristn.旅行者，观光者simplea.简单的，简易的toward(s)prep.向，朝，对于

6trade〃贸易vt.用进行交换traditionala.传统的traffic77.交通，来往车辆translatevt.翻译treasuren.金银财宝；财富treatmentn.治疗，疗法trustvt,相信，信任，信赖truthn.真理，事实，真相，实际情况Uumbrellan.雨伞undergrounda,地下的n,地铁universityn.大学Vvaluen.价值，益处victoryn.胜利villagen.村庄，乡村Wwarn.战争warnvt.警告，预先通知wasten.&vt.浪费weaka.差的，弱的，淡的wealthn.财产，财富weighvt.称的重量，重（若干）weightn.重，重量wheat/?.小麦wheeln.轮，机轮wind（wound,wound）vt.蜿蜒，弯曲wisea.聪明的，英明的，有见识的wonder匕对疑惑，感到惊奇，想知道wortha有的价值，值得的XX一rayn,X射线；X光♦高频词组abit（of）有一点儿afew一些，少量akindof一种，一类alittle一点，少许alotof许多，大量anumberof许多apairof一双，一副apieceof一块，一张，一根，一片aboveall首先，首要accordingto根据，按照addupto合计达afterall毕竟，终究afterclass课后againandagain反复地，再三地agreetodosth.同意做某事agreewithsb.同意某人的看法aheadof在之前allinall总的来说，总计allkindsof各种各样的allover到处，遍及，结束allright行了，好吧，（病）好了arriveat（in）到达某地asamatteroffact事实上，其实asaresult（作为）结果as...as像，如同assoonas■就asfaras（表示程度，范围）就；尽asif好像，仿佛aslongas只要asthough好像,仿佛asusual通常，平常地aswell也，还有aswellas除之外（也）belongto属于beproudof骄傲，自豪bestrictwithsb.对严格要求bestrictinsth.对严格要求befriendly/kindto对…友好；befedupwith对…厌烦;bedifferentfrom与…不同；beafraidof害怕;bepopularwith受…欢迎；befondof喜欢，爱好；beinterestedin对…感兴趣;besurprisedat对・・・惊讶；besatisfied/pleasedwith对…满意;beproudof对…感到自豪；begoodto对…友好；begoodfor对…有好处；begoodat擅长于…;

7besureof/about对…有把握；beangrywith对某人生气；bebusywith忙于；belatefor…迟到；befamiliarwith对…熟悉；befamous/knownfor因・・・著名；befamous/knownas作为有名；bemadeupof由…构成;bemadeof由…组成（看得出原材料）；bemadefrom由…组成（看不出原材料）;bemadeinto被制成…befullof/filledwith装满了；becoveredwith覆盖着；both...and两个都,既又breakdown损坏；（把化合物等）分解，（汽车）抛锚breakin闯入，插嘴，打断breakoff中止；折断breakout（战争、火灾等）突然发生，爆发bringin引来，引进，吸收bringup教育，培养byaccident偶然byair（bus,train,ship）乘飞机（公共汽车，火车，轮船）bytheway顺便说callonsb.拜访，访问callatsp.拜访，访问callup号召，打电话carefor喜欢；照顾（病人）careabout介意，关心carryon继续下去；继续开展carryout开展，执行catchupwith赶上（或超过）change...into转换成，把变成checkin报到，登记checkout查明；结账clearup整理，收拾，（天气）放晴comeabout发生，产生comeacross（偶然）遇见（或发现）comeback回来，想起来comedown落，下来comefrom出生（于），来自comein进入，进来comeon来吧，赶快comeout出来，（书等）出版，发行cometrue变为现实，成为事实comeupwith追上，赶上；想出（主意）；找出（答案）compareto/with与相比congratulate...on祝贺connectwith与相连cutdown砍倒cutoff切断cutup切碎dayandnight日日夜夜doonesbest尽最大的努力dealwith处理，对付dependon（upon）依靠，相信，信赖dieout消失，灭亡differentfrom与不同divide...into...把分成dosomecleaning（shopping）做扫除（买东西）eachother相互either...or或者或者enjoyoneself过得愉快evenif即使，尽管eventhough即使，尽管eversince自那时起直到现在facetoface面对面fallasleep入睡fallinto落入；陷入fallbehind落后于falloff从…落下fallinlovewith爱上faraway遥远的farfrom远离feellikedoing想要感觉要fill...with用填充fillin填充findout查明，发现，了解firstofall首先forexample例如fromnowon从今以后，今后fromthenon从那时起from...to从至

8（去）钓鱼fromtimetotime不时，偶尔getalong/onwith与相处getawayfrom…逃逃；离getbackto返回；回来；回家getoff脱下（衣服等）；下车geton上车；getthrough通过，拨通（电话）gettogether聚会，联欢getup起床getinto进入，陷入；getout（of）（从…）出去；getover克服;giveaway捐赠；分发giveback归还；送回givein屈服，让步giveout分发giveup放弃goahead走在前面，领先；干吧，干下去goaway走开，离去goby走过；经过；过去gofishing（shopping,skat-ing）（买东西，滑冰）goforawalk散步goon继续goout出去，熄灭goover仔细检查，复习gothrough浏览；翻阅，通过growup长大成人，成长growinto长成hadbetter（do）最好（做）handin上交；交纳handout分发haveacold患感冒haveagoodtime玩得高兴，过得愉快haveclasses上课haveto不得不；必须hearof/about听说，知道hearfrom收到的来信helponeselfto请随便吃点helpsb.withsth.帮助某人做某事help...out帮助某人解决困难holdon等一等（别挂电话）holdone'sbreath不出气,屏住呼吸hundredsof几百，成百上千hurryup赶快，快点inall总之incommon共同，共有indebt欠债indanger处在危险状态infact事实上，实际上inpeace安静，宁静inpublic当众；公开insurprise吃惊，惊讶intime及时，来得及inorder按顺序infrontof在前面inneedof需要，缺少inorderthat从句为了inordertodo为了inotherwords换句话说inahurry匆忙，很快地inaword简言之，总之intheend最后，终于insteadof代替，而不是joinin参加，加入justnow现在,刚才keepdoingsth.继续做某事keepone,sword守信keepawayfromsth.远离…；keepupwith跟上，赶上；keepsb./sth.out不让入内；keepintouchwith与保持联系knockat/on敲knockintosb.撞上laughat嘲笑leadto导致，导向letin让进来，放进liveon以……为主食，靠……为生lookafter照顾lookaround环顾lookupto尊敬lookdownupon看不起，轻视lookfor寻找lookforwardto盼望lookinto向里面看去；调查lookout留神，当心lookover仔细检查lookthrough看穿，浏览lookup查找;查阅lotsof许多，大量makeaface做鬼脸，做苦脸

9makefriendswith与……交朋友makeup和解，化装；组建makeupof由组成，构成makeupone'smind下决心millionsof成百万上千万，数以百万计moreorless或多或少neither...nor既不也不nextto紧接着，相邻，次于nolonger不再not…anymore不再not...atall一点也不，绝非notonly...butalso不仅而且notso...as不像，不如nottill/until直到才nowandthen不时，偶尔nowthat既然ofcourse当然onduty值日，值班onfoot走路，步行onshow展出，在上演（放映）ontime准时onceagain再一次oncemore再一次onceuponatime从前，很久以前oneafteranother一个接一个outofbreath上气不接下气outoforder运转不正常，出毛病outofwork失业overandoveragain反复，多次重复passby经过payattentionto注意payback偿还（借款等）payfor付款payoff偿清（欠款等）pickout选出pickup拾起，捡起，接收；开车去接pointout指出pointto指向prevent/stop...from妨碍，防止，预防putaway把…收起来（放好）putdown记下putoff推迟；拖延puton穿，戴上，上演putout扑灭，关熄putup挂起，举起，贴（广告等）putupwith忍受ratherthan而不是referto提到，涉及，有关regard...as把看作ringback回电话ringup打电话给rightaway立即，马上rightnow立即，马上runaway逃跑，失控runoutof用完runout用完saveone，slife挽救某人生命see...off为某人送行sellout卖完，出卖sendout发出，派遣sendup发出，射出separate...from...分开setdown放下setfree释放，解放setoff动身，起程；使爆发setout出发；开始setup建立，创立showoff炫耀sofar到目前为止so...that太以至于soonerorlater迟早，早晚spend...on在花钱standfor代表，象征stickto坚持suchas例如takeaway拿走takeiteasy别着急，别紧张takeoff脱下，起飞takeonestime不着急,慢慢来takeout取出takeplace发生taketheplaceof取代,代替takeup占据（时间、地位等），开始从事takecareof照顾；takecare小心，当心；takepartin参与,参加;talkabout谈论，议论talkto/with与…谈论thedayaftertomorrow后天thedaybeforeyesterday前天theotherday前几天，某日thinkabout考虑（是否去做）thinkof想起，考虑；认为，看法

10waitfor等候，等待wakeup醒来workout算出，解决worryabout担心，烦恼writedown写下，记下writeto写信给thinkover仔细考虑thinkup想出；thinkhighlyof看重，高度赞扬；thousandsof成千上万，几千throwaway扔掉too...to太以至于不tryon试穿，试试看tryone'sbesttodosth.尽力做某事turndown关小，调低turnup调高（声音，温度）turnoff关掉（水、电、电视、收音机等）turnon打开（水、电视、收音机、灯、煤气等）turnover翻动，犁翻（土地）turn…into…把…变成…upanddown上下，来回usedtodosth.过去常常必修一UnitlAnne'sBestFriendDoyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto,likeyourdeepestfeelingsandthoughts?Orareyouafraidthatyourfriendwouldlaughatyou,orwouldnotunderstandwhatyouaregoingthrough?AnneFrankwantedthefirstkind,soshemadeherdiaryherbestfriend.AnnelivedinAmsterdamintheNetherlandsduringWorldWarII.HerfamilywasJewishsonearlytwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.Duringthattimetheonlytruefriendwasherdiary.Shesaid,MIdon'twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiaryasmostpeopledo,butIwantthisdiaryitselftobemyfriend,andIshallcallmyfriendKitty.MNowreadhowshefeltafterbeinginthehidingplacesinceJuly1942.Thursday15thJune,1944DearKitty,Iwonderifit'sbecauseIhaven,tbeenabletobeoutdoorsforsolongthatI'vegrownsocrazyabouteverythingtodowithnature.Icanwellrememberthattherewasatimewhenadeepbluesky,thesongofthebirds,moonlightandflowerscouldneverhavekeptmespellbound.That'schangedsinceIwashere....Forexample,oneeveningwhenitwassowarm,Istayedawakeonpurposeuntilhalfpasteleveninordertohaveagoodlookatthemoonbymyself.Butasthemoongavefartoomuchlight,Ididn'tdareopenawindow.Anothertimefivemonthsago,Ihappenedtobeupstairsatduskwhenthewindowwasopen.Ididn'tgodownstairsuntilthewindowbadtobeshut.Thedark,rainyevening,thewind,thethunderingcloudsheldmeentirelyintheirpower;itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI'dseenthenightfacetoface.

11Sadly,Iamonlyabletolookatnaturethroughdirtycurtainshangingbeforeverydustywindows.It'snopleasurelookingthroughtheseanylongerbecausenatureisonethingthatreallymustbeexperienced.Yours,Anne单词：短语:句型:Unit2theRoadtoModernEnglishAttheendofthe16thcentury,aboutfivetosevenmillionpeoplespokeEnglish.NearlyallofthemlivedinEngland.Laterinthenextcentury,peoplefromEnglandmadevoyagestoconquerotherpartsoftheworld,andbecauseofthat,Englishbegantobespokeninmanyothercountries.Today,morepeoplespeakEnglishastheirfirst,secondoraforeignlanguagethaneverbefore.NativeEnglishspeakerscanunderstandeachothereveniftheydon'tspeakthesamekindofEnglish.Lookatthisexample:BritishBetty:Wouldyouliketoseemyflat?AmericanAmy:Yes.I'dliketocomeuptoyouapartment.SowhyhasEnglishchangedovertime?Actuallyalllanguageschangeanddevelopwhenculturesmeetandcommunicatewitheachother.AtfisttheEnglishspokeninEnglandbetweenaboutAD450and1150wasvery

12differentfromtheEnglishspokentoday.ItwasbasemoreonGermanthantheEnglishwespeakatpresent.ThengraduallybetweenaboutAD500and1150,EnglishbecamelesslikeGermanbecausethosewhoruledEnglandspokefirstDanishandlaterFrench.ThesenewsettlersenrichedtheEnglishlanguageandespeciallyitsvocabulary.Sobythe1600*8Shakespearewasabletomakeuseofawidervocabularythaneverbefore.In1620someBritishsettlersmovedtoAmerica.Laterinthe18thcenturysomeBritishpeopleweretakentoAustraliato.Englishbegantobespokeninbothcountries.Finallybythe19thcenturythelanguagewassettled.AtthattimetwobigchangesinEnglishspellinghappened:firstSamuelJohnsonwrotehisdictionaryandlaterNoahWebsterwroteTheAmericanDictionaryoftheEnglishlanguage.ThelattergaveaseparateidentitytoAmericanEnglishspelling.EnglishnowisalsospokenasaforeignorsecondlanguageinSouthAsia.Forexample,IndiahasaverylargenumberoffluentEnglishspeakersbecauseBritainruledIndiafrom1765to1947.DuringthattimeEnglishbecamethelanguageforgovernmentandeducation.EnglishisalsospokeninSingaporeandMalaysiaandcountriesinAfricasuchasSouthAfrica.TodaythenumberofpeoplelearningEnglishinChinaisincreasingrapidly.Infact,ChinamayhavethelargestnumberofEnglishlearners.WillChineseEnglishdevelopitsownidentity?Onlytimewilltell.单词：短语:句型:

13Unit3JourneyDowntheMekongMynameisWangKun.Eversincemiddleschool,mysisterWangWeiandIhavedreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip.Twoyearsagosheboughtanexpensivemountainbikeandthenshepersuadedmetobuyone.Lastyear,shevisitedourcousins,DaoWeiandYuHangattheircollegeifKunming.TheyareDaiandgrewupinwesternYunnanProvinceneartheLancangRiver,theChinesepartoftheriverthatiscalledtheMekongRiverinothercountries.WangWeisoongottimeinterestedincyclingtoo.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,wefinallygotthechancetotakeabiketrip.Iaskedmysister,MWherearewegoing?MItwasmysisterwhofirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentireMekongRiverfromwhereitbeginstowhereitends.Nowsheisplanningourscheduleforthetrip.Iamfondofmysisterbutshehasoneseriousshortcoming.Shecanbereallystubborn.Althoughshedidn'tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,sheinsistedthatsheorganizethetripproperly.NowIknowthattheproperwayisalwaysherway.Ikeptaskingher,MWhenareweleavingandwhenarewecomingback?”Iaskedherwhethershehadlookedatamapyet.Ofcourseshehadn't;mysisterdoesn*tcareaboutdetails.SoItoldherthatthesourceoftheMekongisinQinghaiProvince.Shegavemeadeterminedlook-thekindthatsaidshewouldnotchangehermind.WhenItoldherthatourjourneywouldbeginatanaltitudeofmorethan5,000meters,sheseemedtobeexcitedaboutit.WhenItoldhertheairwouldbehardtobreatheanditwouldbeverycold,shesaiditwouldbeaninterestingexperience.Iknowmysisterwell.Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.Finally,Ihadtogivein.Severalmonthsbeforeourtrip,WangWeiandIwenttothelibrary.Wefoundalargeatlaswithgoodmapsthatshoweddetailsofworldgeography.FromtheatlaswecouldseethattheMekongRiverbeginsinaglaciertomovequickly.Itbecomesrapidsasitpassesthroughdeepvalleys,travelingacrosswesternYunnanProvince.Sometimestheriverbecomesawaterfallandenterswidevalleys.WewerebothsurprisedtolearnthathalfoftheriverisinChina.AfteritleavesChinaandhighaltitude,theMekongbecomeswide,brownandwarm.AsitentersSoutheastAsia,itspaceslows.Itmakeswidebendsormeandersthroughlowvalleystotheplainswherericegrows.Atlast,theriverdeltaenterstheSouthChinaSea.单词：短语:

14句型:Unit4ANighttheEarthdidn'tSleepStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastHebei.Forthreedaysthewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.Farmersnoticedthatthewellwallshaddeepcracksinthem.Asmellygascameoutofthecracks.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.Fishjumpedoutoftheirbowlsandponds.Atabout3:00amonJuly28,1976,somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.ThesoundofplanescouldbeheardoutsidethecityofTangshanevenwhennoplaneswereinthesky.Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthenight.At3:42ameverythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!Elevenkilometersdirectlybelowthecitythegreatestearthquakeofthe20thcenturyhadbegun.ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometersaway.One-thirdofthenationfeltit.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Steamburstfromholesintheground.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.Thesufferingofthepeoplewasextreme.Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledofinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.Buthowcouldthesurvivorsbelieveitwasnatural?Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.Allofthecity'shospitals,75%ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsand90%ofitshomesweregone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves.Nowind,however,couldblowthemaway.Twodamsfellandmostofthebridgesalsofellorwerenotsafefortraveling.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofsteel.Tensofthousandsofcowswouldnevergivemilkagain.Halfamillionpigsandmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshocked.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Allhopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldiersofthousandsofpeoplewere

15helped.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Tothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10,000minerswererescuedfromthecoalminesthere.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybytrain,truckandplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.单词：短语:句型:

16Unit5Elias'StoryMynameisElias.IamapoorblackworkerinSouthAfrica.ThetimewhenIfirstmetNelsonMandelawasaverydifficultperiodofmylife.Iwastwelveyearsold.Itwasin1952andMandelawastheblacklawyertowhomIwentforadvice.Heofferedguidancetopoorblackpeopleontheirlegalproblems.Hewasgenerouswithhistime,forwhichIwasgrateful.IneededhishelpbecauseIhadverylittleeducation.Ibeganschoolatsix.TheschoolwhereIstudiedforonlytwoyearswasthreekilometersaway.Ihadtoleavebecausemyfamilycouldnotcontinuetopaytheschoolfeesandthebusfare.Icouldnotreadorwritewell.Aftertryinghard,Igotajobinagoldmine.However,thiswasatimewhenonehadgottohaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.SadlyIdidnothaveitbecauseIwasnotbornthere,andIworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutofwork.ThedaywhenNelsonMandelahelpedmewasoneofmyhappiest.HetoldmehowtogetthecorrectpaperssoIcouldstayinJohannesburg.Ibecamemorehopefulaboutmyfuture.IneverforgothowkindMandelawas.WhenheorganizedtheANCYouthLeague,IjoineditassoonasIcould.Hesaid:“Thelastthirtyyearshaveseenthegreatestnumberoflawsstoppingoutrightsandprogress,untiltodaywehavereachedastagewherewehavealmostnorightsatall.MItwasthetruth.Blackpeoplecouldnotvoteorchoosetheirleaders.Theycouldnotgetthejobstheywanted.Thepartsoftowninwhichtheyhadtoliveweredecidedbywhitepeople.TheplacesoutsidethetownswheretheyweresenttolivewerethepoorestpartsofSouthAfrica.Noonecouldgrowfoodthere.InfactasNelsonMandelasaid:M...wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportantorfightthegovernment.Wechosetoattackthelaws.Wefirstbrokethelawinawaywhichwaspeaceful;whenthiswasnotallowed...onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.MAsamatteroffact,Idonotlikeviolence...butin1963Ihelpedhimblowupsomegovernmentbuildings.ItwasverydangerousbecauseifIwascaughtIcouldbeputinprison.ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.单词：短语:句型:

17必修二UnitlINSEARCHOFTHEAMBERROOMFrederickWilliamI,theKingofPrussia,couldneverhaveimaginedthathisgreatestgifttotheRussianpeoplewouldhavesuchanamazinghistory.ThisgiftwastheAmberRoom,whichwasgiventhisnamebecauseseveraltonsofamberwereusedtomakeit.Theamberwhichwasselectedhadabeautifulyellow-browncolourlikehoney.Thedesignoftheroomwasinthefancystylepopularinthosedays.Itwasalsoatreasuredecoratedwithgoldandjewels,whichtookthecountry，sbestartistsabouttenyearstomake.Infact,theroomwasnotmadetobeagift.ItwasdesignedforthepalaceofFrederickI.However,thenextKingofPrussia,FrederickWilliamI,towhomtheamberroombelonged,decidednottokeepit.In1716hegaveittoPetertheGreat.Inreturn,theCzarsenthimatroopofhisbestsoldiers.SotheAmberRoombecamepartoftheCzar，swinterpalaceinStPetersburg.Aboutfourmetreslong,theroomservedasasmallreceptionhallforimportantvisitors.Later,CatherineIIhadtheAmberRoommovedtoapalaceoutsideStPetersburgwhereshespenthersummers.Shetoldherartiststoaddmoredetailstoit.In1770theroomwascompletedthewayshewanted.Almostsixhundredcandleslittheroom,anditsmirrorsandpicturesshonelikegold.Sadly,althoughtheAmberRoomwasconsideredoneofthewondersoftheworld,itisnowmissing.InSeptember1941,theNaziarmywasnearStPetersburg.Thiswasatimewhenthetwocountrieswereatwar.BeforetheNaziscouldgettothesummerpalace,theRussianswereabletoremovesomefurnitureandsmallartobjectsfromtheAmberRoom.However,someoftheNazissecretlystoletheroomitself.Inlessthantwodays100,000pieceswereputinsidetwenty-sevenwoodenboxes.ThereisnodoubtthattheboxeswerethenputonatrainforKonigsberg,whichwasatthattimeaGermancityontheBalticSea.Afterthat,whathappenedtotheAmberRoomremainsamystery.Recently,theRussiansandGermanshavebuiltanewAmberRoomatthesummerpalace.BystudyingoldphotosoftheformerAmberRoom,theyhavemadethenewonelookliketheoldone.In2003itwasreadyforthepeopleofStPetersburgwhentheycelebratedthe300thbirthdayoftheircity.单词：短语:句型：

18Unit2THESTORYOFATLANTAAtlantawasaGreekprincess.ShewasverybeautifulandcouldrunfasterthananymaninGreece.ButshewasnotallowedtorunandwingloryforherselfintheOlympicGames.Shewassoangrythatshesaidtoherfatherthatshewouldnotmarryanyonewhocouldnotrunfasterthanher.Herfathersaidthatshemustmarry,soAtlantamadeabargainwithhim.Shesaidtohim,“Thesearemyrules.Whenamansayshewantstomarryme,Iwillrunagainsthim.Ifhecannotrunasfastasme.hewillbekilled.Noonewillbepardoned.ManykingsandprinceswantedtomarryAtlanta,butwhentheyheardofherrulestheyknewitwashopeless.Somanyofthemsadlywenthome,butothersstayedtoruntherace.TherewasamancalledHippomeneswhowasamazedwhenheheardofAtlanta，srules,“Whyarethesemensofoolish?”hethought."Whywilltheyletthemselvesbekilledbecausetheycannotrunasfastasthisprincess?”However,whenhesawAtlantacomeoutofherhousetorun,Hippomeneschangedhismind."IwillmarryAtlanta-ordie!”hesaid.Theracestartedandalthoughthemenranveryfast,Atlantaranfaster.AsHippomeneswatchedhethought,“HowcanIrunasfastasAtlanta?”HewenttoasktheGreekGoddessofLoveforhelp.Shepromisedtohelphimandgavehimthreegoldenapples.Shesaid,“ThrowanappleinfrontofAtlantawhensheisrunningpast.Whenshestopstopickitup,youwillbeabletorunpastherandwin.HippomenestooktheapplesandwenttotheKing.Hesaid,“IwanttomarryAtlanta.zzTheKingwassadtoseeanothermandie,butHippomenessaid,"Iwillmarryher-ordie!”Sotheracebegan.单词：短语:句型:Unit3WHOAMI?OvertimeIhavebeenchangedquitealot.IbeganasacalculatingmachineinFrancein1642.AlthoughIwasyoungIcouldsimplifydifficultsums.IdevelopedveryslowlyandittooknearlytwohundredyearsbeforeIwasbuiltasananalyticalmachinebyCharlesBabbage.AfterIwasprogrammedbyanoperatorwhousedcards

19withholes,Icould'think"logicallyandproduceananswerquickerthananyperson.Atthattimeitwasconsideredatechnologicalrevolutionandthestartofmy^artificialintelligence'7.In1936myrealfather,AlanTuring,wroteabookabouthowIcouldbemadetoworkasa"universalmachine"tosolveanydifficultmathematicalproblem.Fromthenon,Igrewrapidlybothinsizeandinbrainpower.Bythe1940sIhadgrownaslargeasaroom,andIwonderedifIwouldgrowanylarger.However,thisrealityalsoworriedmydesigners.Astimewentby,Iwasmadesmaller.FirstasaPC(personalcomputer)andthenasalaptop,Ihavebeenusedinofficesandhomessincethe1970s.Thesechangesonlybecamepossibleasmymemoryimproved.Firstitwasstoredintubes,thenontransistorsandlateronverysmallchips.AsaresultItotallychangedmyshape.AsIhavegrownolderIhavealsogrownsmaller.Overtimemymemoryhasdevelopedsomuchthat,likeanelephant,IneverforgetanythingIhavebeentold!AndmymemorybecamesolargethatevenIcouldn，tbelieveit!ButIwasalwayssolonelystandingtherebymyself,untilintheearly1960stheygavemeafamilyconnectedbyanetwork.IwasabletosharemyknowledgewithothersthroughtheWorldWideWeb.Sincethe1970smanynewapplicationshavebeenfoundforme.Ihavebecomeveryimportantincommunication,financeandtrade.Ihavealsobeenputintorobotsandusedtomakemobilephonesaswellashelpwithmedicaloperations.IhaveevenbeenputintospacerocketsandsenttoexploretheMoonandMars.Anyhow,mygoalistoprovidehumanswithalifeofhighquality.IamnowtrulyfilledwithhappinessthatIamadevotedfriendandhelperofthehumanrace!单词：短语:句型:Unit4HOWDAISYLEARNEDTOHELPWLDLIFEDaisyhadalwayslongedtohelpendangeredspeciesofwildlife.Onedayshewokeupandfoundaflying

20carpetbyherbed.，zWheredoyouwanttogo?”itasked.Daisyrespondedimmediately.〃I'dliketoseesomeendangeredwildlife,shesaid."PleasetakemetoadistantlandwhereIcanfindtheanimalthatgavefurtomakethissweater.〃AtoncethecarpetflewawayandtookhertoTibet.ThereDaisysawanantelopelookingsad.Itsaid,"We'rebeingkilledforthewoolbeneathourstomachs.Ourfurisbeingusedtomakesweatersforpeoplelikeyou.Asaresult,wearenowanendangeredspecies.AtthatDaisycried,"I'msorryIdidn，tknowthat.Iwonderwhatisbeingdonetohelpyou.Flyingcarpet,pleaseshowmeaplacewherethere，ssomewildlifeprotection.TheflyingcarpettravelledsofastthatnextminutetheywereinZimbabwe.Daisyturnedaroundandfoundthatshewasbeingwatchedbyanelephant."Haveyoucometotakemyphoto?”itasked.InreliefDaisyburstintolaughter."Don'tlaugh,“saidtheelephant,usedtobeanendangeredspecies.Farmershunteduswithoutmercy.Theysaidwedestroyedtheirfarms,andmoneyfromtouristsonlywenttothelargetourcompanies.Sothegovernmentdecidedtohelp.Theyallowedtouriststohuntonlyacertainnumberofanimalsiftheypaidthefarmers.Nowthefarmersarehappyandournumbersareincreasing.Sogoodthingsarebeingdoneheretosavelocalwildlife.”Daisysmiled."That'sgoodnews.Itshowstheimportanceofwildlifeprotection,butI'dliketohelpastheWWFsuggests.Thecarpetroseagainandalmostatoncetheywereinathickrainforest.Amonkeywatchedthemasitrubbeditself."Whatareyoudoing?”askedDaisy.”I'mprotectingmyselffrommosquitoes,itreplied."WhenIfindamillipedeinsect,Irubitovermybody.Itcontainsapowerfuldrugwhichaffectsmosquitoes.YoushouldpaymoreattentiontotherainforestwhereIliveandappreciatehowtheanimalslivetogether.Norainforest,noanimals,nodrugs.”Daisywasamazed."Flyingcarpet,pleasetakemehomesoIcantellWWFandwecanbeginproducingthisnewdrug.Monkey,pleasecomeandhelp.Themonkeyagreed.Thecarpetflewhome.Astheylanded,thingsbegantodisappear.Twominuteslatereverythinghadgone-themonkey,too.SoDaisywasnotabletomakehernewdrug.Butwhatanexperience!Shehadlearnedsomuch!AndtherewasalwaysWWF...单词：短语:句型:

21Unit5THEBANDTHATWASN*THaveyoueverwantedtobepartofabandasafamoussingerormusician?Haveyoueverdreamedofplayinginfrontofthousandsofpeopleataconcert,atwhicheveryoneisclappingandappreciatingyourmusic?DoyousingkaraokeandpretendyouareafamoussingerlikeSongZuyingorLiuHuan?Tobehonest,alotofpeopleattachgreatimportancetobecomingrichandfamous.Butjusthowdopeopleformaband?Manymusiciansmeetandformabandbecausetheyliketowriteandplaytheirownmusic.Theymaystartasagroupofhigh-schoolstudents,forwhompracticingtheirmusicinsomeone，shouseisthefirststeptofame.Sometimestheymayplaytopassers-byinthestreetorsubwaysothattheycanearnsomeextramoneyforthemselvesortopayfortheirinstruments.Latertheymaygiveperformancesinpubsorclubs,forwhichtheyarepaidincash.Ofcoursetheyhopetomakerecordsinastudioandsellmillionsofcopiestobecomemillionaires!However,therewasonebandthatstartedinadifferentway.ItwascalledtheMonkeesandbeganasaTVshow.Themusiciansweretoplayjokesoneachotheraswellasplaymusic,mostofwhichwasbasedlooselyontheBeatles.TheTVorganizershadplannedtofindfourmusicianswhocouldactaswellassing.Theyputanadvertisementinanewspaperlookingforrockmusicians,buttheycouldonlyfindonewhowasgoodenough.Theyhadtouseactorsfortheotherthreemembersoftheband.Assomeoftheseactorscouldnotsingwellenough,theyhadtorelyonothermusicianstohelpthem.Soduringthebroadcaststheyjustpretendedtosing.Anyhowtheirperformanceswerehumorousenoughtobecopiedbyothergroups.Theyweresopopularthattheirfansformedclubsinordertogetmorefamiliarwiththem.EachweekonTV,theMonkeeswouldplayandsingsongswrittenbyothermusicians.However,afterayearorsoinwhichtheybecamemoreseriousabouttheirwork,theMonkeesstartedtoplayandsingtheirownsongslikearealband.Thentheyproducedtheirownrecordsandstartedtouringandplayingtheirownmusic.IntheUSAtheybecameevenmorepopularthantheBeatlesandsoldevenmorerecords.Thebandbrokeupabout1970,buthappilytheyreunitedinthemid-1980s.Theyproducedanewrecordin1996,withwhichtheycelebratedtheirformertimeasarealband.单词：短语:

22句型:A.完形填空：(*)Mrs.Joneswasovereighty,butshestilldroveheroldcarlikeawomanhalfherage.Sheloveddrivingveryfast,andwasproudofthefact_1_shehadnever,inherthirty-fiveyearsofdriving,beenpunished_2_adrivingoffence(犯规,孑E法).Thenonedayshenearly_3_herrecord.Apolicecar_4_her,andthepolicemeninitsawher_5_aredlightwithoutstopping.Ofcourse,shewasstopped.Itseemed_6_thatshewouldbepunished._7_Mrs.Jonescameuptothejudge,helookedatherseriouslyandsaidthatshewas_8_oldtodriveacar,andthatthe_9_whyshehadnotstoppedatthered_10_wasmostprobablythathereyeshadbecomeweak_11_oldage,sothatshehadsimplynotseenit.Whenthejudgehadfinishedwhathewas_12_,Mrs.Jonesopenedthebighandbagshewas_13_andtookouthersewing.Withoutsayingaword,she_14_aneedlewithaverysmalleye,andthreadeditatherfirstattempt.Whenshehad_15_donethis,shetookthethreadoutoftheneedleagainandhanded_16_theneedleandthethreadtothejudge,saying,“Nowitisyour_17_.Isupposeyoudriveacar,andthatyouarequitesureaboutyourowneyesight.”Thejudgetookthe_18_andtriedtothreadit.Afterhalfadozentries,hehadstillnotsucceeded.ThecaseagainstMrs.Joneswas_19_,andherrecord_20_unbroken.1.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.this

232.A.aboutB.onc.toD.for3.A.keptB.wonc.missedD.lost4.A.watchedB.afterc.followedD.ranafter5.A.passB.goc.runD.rush6.A.sureB.indeedc.certainD.perhaps7.A.BeforeB.Whilec.UntilD.When8.A.soB.veryc.tooD.quite9.A.causeB.reasonc.matterD.trouble10.A.lightB.lampc.signD.one11.A.withB.becausec.forD.of12.A.speakingB.sayingc.talkingD.telling13.A.holdingB.gettingc.carryingD.bringing14.A.tookB.broughtc.pickedD.chose15.A.almostB.hardlyc.successfullyD.successful16.A.bothB.allc.neitherD.either17.A.timeB.turnc.chanceD.job18.A.threadB.glassesc.needlesD.needle19.A.dismissedB.passedc.settledD.studied20.A.wasB.keptc.seemedD.remained（二）WhenDavewaseighteen,heboughtasecondhandcarfor200sothathecouldtraveltoandfromworkmore_1_thanbybus.Itworkedquitewellforafewyears,butthenitgotsoold,anditwascostinghim_2_muchinrepairsthathedecidedthathehadbetter_3_it.Heaskedamonghisfriendstoseeifanyonewasparticularly_4_tobuyacheapcar,buttheyallknewthatitwasfallingtopieces,so_5_ofthemhadanydesiretobuyit.Dave'sfriendSamsawthathewas_6_whentheymetoneevening,andsaid,"What's_7_,Dave?vDavetoldhim,andSamanswered,aWell,whataboutadvertisingitinthepaper?Youmay_8_moreforitthatwaythanthecostoftheadvertisement!ThinkingthatSam，s_9_wassensible（合理的），heputanadvertisementinaneveningpaper,whichread“Forsale:smallcar,_10_verylittlepetrol,onlytwoowners.Bargainat50.”Fortwodaysaftertheadvertisementfirstappeared,therewasno_11_.ButthenonSaturdayeveninghehad

24anenquiry（询问）.Amanrangupandsaidhewouldliketo_12_himaboutthecar.“Allright,“Davesaid,feelinghappy.Heaskedthemanwhetherteno'clockthenextmorningwouldbe_13_ornot."Fine,“themansaid,"andI'11_14_mywife.Weintendtogoforarideinitto_15_it.”Thenextmorning,ataquartertoten,Daveparkedthecarinthesquareoutsidehisfrontdoor,_16_towaitthereforthepeoplewhohad_17_hisadvertisement.EvenDavehadto_18_thatthecarreallylookedlikeawreck（残骸）.Then,soonafterhehadgotthecarasclean_19_itcouldbe,apolicecarstoppedjustbehindhimandapolicemangotout.HelookedatDave'scarandthensaid,“Haveyoureportedthis_20_tousyet,sir?n1.A.directlyB.safelyC.properlyD.easily2.A.soB.suchC.veryD.too3.A.keepB.repairC.sellD.throw4.A.anxiousB.luckyC.ashamedD.generous5.A.someB.neitherC.noneD.most6.A.delightedB.upsetC.calmD.astonished7.A.onB.upC.itD.that8.A.learnB.missC.getD.find9.A.messageB.adviceC.requestD.description10.A.usesB.losesC.hasI）.spends11.A.doubtB.helpc.troubleD.answer12.A.tellB.seec.agreeD.call13.A.exactB.suitablec.earlyD.late14.A.followB.meetc.bringD.introduce15.A.recognizeB.gainc.admireD.test16.A.happeningB.meaningc.turningD.failing17.A.readB.insertedc.answeredD.placed18.A.forgetB.showc.disagreeD.admit19.A.asB.thatc.soD.such20.A.bargainB.salec.accidentD.result（三）Theword“plastic“comesfromtheGreekword“Platicos“andisusedtodescribe_l_whichcanbeeasilyshaped.Thehistoryofplasticsislongerthanyoumight_2_.Infact_3_manmadeplasticsevertoappearonthemarketwasmadeoverahundredyearsago.Itwascalled“celluloid（赛璐璐）ItwasdiscoveredbybothanEnglishmanandanAmericaninthesameyear._4_itwastheAmericanswhofirstproduceditonalargescaleduringtheyear1860.Everybodywas_5_bythisnewmaterialwhichcouldbemoulded（用模子做）intoshapesand_6_socheaptobuy.Pooryoungmen_7_incitieswithlotsofsmokeanddirtwere_8_tobuywhitecelluloidcollars（领子）・Thecollarswerehardanduncomfortable.Buttheydidnothavetobesenttowash.Thepooryoungmen_9_rubthemcleaneveryeveningwithsoapandwater!Poormothers,_10_hadnotbeenabletoaffordplaythings_ll_theirchildren,werenowabletobuythemplaythings_12_ofcelluloid.Butcelluloidhadoneveryseriousfault.Itcaughtfireveryeasily.Infactitburnedevenmorequicklythanwoodorcloth.Thereweremanyterribleaccidents,particularly_13_children.Foryearsscientistsworkedhardtofindabetterplasticmaterialthancelluloid.Theyhad_14_success.Thenin1932anAmericanscientistcalledBaekelandproducedahardplasticmaterialwhichdidnotburn._15_becameknown_16_

25bakelite(酚醛塑料).Otherplasticmaterialslikebakelitewere_17_produced.They_18_tomakeelectricalfittingsandplatesandcups.Poorpeoplelikedthembecausetheywerebothcheapandsafe,butrichpeople_19_thembecausetheywerecheap,andbecausetheycouldonlybemade_20_darkcolors.1.A.somethingB.everythingC.thingI).anything2.A.wishB.thinkC.wantD.hope3.A.firstB.atfirstC.forthefirstI).thefirst4.A.SoB.ButC.AndD.As5.A.surprisedB.excitedC.toldI).frightened6.A.beB.wereC.wasD.is7.A.waitingB.runningC.walkingD.working8.A.goingB.sureC.aboutD.able9.A.couldB.oughttoC.mustD.should10.A.whichB.whoC.whomD.that11.A.forB.likec.inD.of12.A.doneB.producedc.workedD.made13.A.betweenB.onc.amongI).about14.A.muchB.great.c.neverD.little15.A.ThemanB.Hec.ItD.Thescientist16.A.asB.withc.byD.to17.A.alreadyB.stillc.alsoI).yet18.A.usedB.hopedc.wereusedD.had19.A.tookB.lovedc.enjoyedI).disliked20.A.inB.byc.fromD.of(四)InordertobeasuccessintheAmericanbusinessworld,youmust“getalong”withpeople.Youmustlearntoconductyourselfinsuchaway_1_youearntheaffectionandrespectofothers._2_wehavealreadypointedout,Americans_3_businessandpleasure.Therefore,learninghowto_4_informallycanbeahelpwithyourAmericanbusiness_5_.Americansliketotalkabouta_6_ofdifferenttopics—sports,politics,cars,popularmoviesandtelevisionshowsandpersonalinterests.ManylargeAmericancitieshavesportsteams.Ifyouare_7_withAmericansintheUnitedStates,itwouldbeagoodideato_8_outaboutthelocalsportsteamssothatyoucan_9_inthealmostinevitablediscussionsabout“howour_10_willdothisyearn.Politicscanbea_11_topicunlesseveryoneisofthesamemind_12_.Limityourdiscussionstoaskingquestionsofyourfriends.MostAmericansare_13_ownersandsomeareevenobsessiveaboutthesubject.Youcancontribute_14_talkingaboutcarsyouhaveownedorby_15_informationyouhavereadinautomotivemagazines.Americanswatchtelevisionalmosteverynightandattendmoviesregularly,_16_naturallytelevisionshowsandthe_17_moviesbecometopicsfordiscussions.Ifyouareunableto_18_AmericantelevisionorattendAmericanmovies,readingthe_19_sectionofsuchmagazinesasTimeNewsweekwillkeepyouuptodateon_20_ispopularinAmerica.1.A.whichB.wherec.asD.that2.A.WhileB.Sincec.AsD.Because3.A.mixB.enjoyc.likeD.manage4.A.conductB.appearc.behaveD.chat5.A.friendsB.effortsc.contactsD.companies6.A.bitB.totalc.groupD.number7.A.meetingB.workingc.livingD.playing

268.A.findB.learnc.goD.stay9.A.workB.participatec.succeedD.break10.A.groupB.businessc.companyD.team11.A.commonB.sensitivec.special.Ddaily12.A.politicallyB.economicallyc.professionallyD.personally13.A.houseB.carc.businessD.land14.A.toB.towardc.byD.through15.A.collectingB.sharingc.gatheringD.analyzing16.A.soB.thereforec.thusD.hence17.A.interestingB.excitingc.excellentD.latest18.A.witnessB.lookc.watchD.glance19.A.entertainmentB.sportsc.businessD.movie20.A.whichB.thatc.whatD.as（五）MarriageisstillapopularinstitutionintheUnitedStates,butdivorce（离婚）isbecoming_l_asupopularn.MostAmericanpeoplegetmarried,_2_,atthepresenttime,andfiftypercentofAmericanmarriagesend_3_divorce.However,fouroutoffivedivorcedpeopledonot_4_single.Theygetmarriedasecondtimeto_5_partners.Sociologists（社会学家）tellusthatinthenextcentury,_6_Americanpeoplewillmarrythree_7_fourtimesinonelifetime.AlvinToffler,anAmericansociologist,_8_thisnewsocialformserial（连续的）marriages.InhisbookFutureShock,Tofflergivesmany_9_forthischangeinAmericanmarriage.Inmodernsociety,_10_livesdon，tstaythesameforverylong.Americans_ll_changetheirjobs,theirhomes,andtheircirclesof_12_So,thepersonwhowasa_13_husbandorwifetenyearsagoissometimesnotasgoodtenyears_14_Aftersomeyearsofmarriage,ahusbandandwifecan_15_thattheirliveshavebecomeverydifferent,andtheydon，t16thesameinterestsanymore.Forthisreason,Tofflersays,peopleinthetwentyfirstcenturywillnot_17_tomarryonlyonepersonforan_18_lifetime.Theywillplantostaymarriedtoonepersonforperhapsfiveortenyears,andthenmarry_19_.MostAmericanswillexpecttohaveaumarriagecarriervthat_20_threeorfourmarriages.1.A.alreadyB.almostc.everD.even2.A.anywayB.thenc.butD.therefore3.A.withB.fromc.inD.for4.A.liveB.takec.makeD.stay5.A.newB.oldc.youngD.pretty6.A.mostB.mainc.fewD.mostly7.A.andB.byc.orD.t.o8.A.asksB.callsc.tellsD.lets9.A.causesB.chancesc.problemsD.reasons10.A.humanJsB.people，sc.person，sD.man，s11.A.frequentlyB.quicklyc.rapidlyD.fast12.A.parentsB.classmatesc.neighborsD.friends13.A.politeB.strictc.goodD.unfriendly14.A.lateB.latterc.latelyD.later15.A.imagineB.feelc.believeD.suppose16.A.enjoyB.holdc.divideD.share17.A.desireB.planc.wishD.design18.A.entireB.extremec.totalD.whole19.A.theotherB.othersc.otherD.another

2720.A.appearsB.happensC.includesD.carries（六）Theword“sharp“canbe_1_todescribemanydifferentthingsinyourhome,classroom,andplacesofwork.Inthischapter,thewriter_2_sharppencils,meaningpencilswithaveryfine_3__.Thewriterdoesnotlikedullpencils.Wecanalsouse“sharp“todescribethebladesofknives.Knivesalsohavepoints.Wecanuse“sharp”todescribea_4_kindofpoint,_5_asthesharppointsofkitchenandsteakknives.Scissorshaveblades,too,andwecandescribethesebladesassharpordull.Furthermore,thepointsofscissorsare_6_sharporrounded_7_onthekindofscissors.Sometools,suchassaws,scrapers,andgardentools,alsohaveblades.Wecanusethewords“sharp”and“dull"todescribethebladesofthesetools,_8_・Sharpknives,scissors,andtoolsare_9_touse.Theycutthingseasilyandquickly,withouteffort.“Sharp“canbeusedtodescribetheedgesoffurnitureand_10_somecontainers.Forexample,theedgeofatableordeskcanbe_11_.Inaddition;wecandescribetheedgeof_12_opencanassharp.Thetopofacanissometimessharp_13_tocutyourhand.Apieceof_14_fromabrokenjarorbottleis_15_verysharp._16_wesometimesuse“sharp“todescribepeople.Apersonwhoappearssharpisverywell_17_.Apersonwhoissharp,ontheotherhand,isintelligent,smart,and_18_learnandunderstand.Tosummaries,“sharp“canbeusedtodescribemanykindsof_19_thathaveblades,points,andedges.Whenweusedittodescribepeople,itcanmeannicelooking,welldressed,orintelligent.Itisanexpensiveword_20_itcanbeusedinmanydifferentways.1.A.writtenB.usedC.seenD.taken2.A.talksaboutB.takescareofC.doesn，tliketomentionD.makesuphismindto3.A.sharpB.colorc.pointD.edge4.A.someB.anyc.onlyD.certain5.A.soB.assoonc.suchD.or6.A.eitherB.neitherc.tooD.very7.A.workingB.whicharec.isD.spending8.A.tooB.evenc.eitherD.ever9.A.difficultB.easyc.interestingD.clean10.A.forB.withc.ofD.at11.A.seenB.sharpc.smoothD.hard12.A.anB.ac.theD.13.A.soasB.inorderc.sothatD.enough14.A.newsB.glassc.informationD.advice15.A.againB.quitec.ratherD.ordinarily16.A.HoweverB.Finallyc.ThereforeD.Inthisway17.A.preparedB.dressedc.manneredD.served18.A.easytoB.istoc.toD.quickto19.A.funnythingsB.knivesc.objectsD.containers20.A.becauseB.evenifc.thoughD.notonly（七）InBritain,peoplehavedifferentattitudestothepolice.Mostpeoplegenerally_l_themandthejobtheydo—althoughtherearecertainpeoplewhodonotbelievethatthepolice_2_havethepowerthattheydo.Whatdoesapolicemanactuallydo?Itisnot_3_jobtodescribe.Afterall,apolicemanhasanumberofjobsin_4_.Apolicemanoftenhastocontroltraffic,either_5_footinthecentreofatown,orinapolicecarontheroads.Indeed,inBritain,hemightbeintheTrafficPoliceandspendall,oralotof,histime_6_upanddownmainroadsandmotorways.Atrafficpolicemanhastohelpkeepthetrafficmoving,stop_7_motoristsandhelpwhenthereisanaccident.Apolicemanhastohelpkeepthe_8_,too.Ifthereisafightorsomeotherdisturbance,we_9_thepolicetocomeandrestoreorder.Andtheyoftenhaveto_10_situationatgreatrisktotheirown_11_.

28Weexpectthepolicetosolvecrimes,ofcourse,soanordinarypoliceman,_12_heisnotadetective(侦探)，willoftenhavetohelp_13_andarrestcriminals.And_14_dowecallwhenthereisanemergency-anaircrash,a_15_,aroadaccident,orarobbery?Wecallthepolice._16_apolicemanhastobe_17_tofaceanyunpleasantemergencythatmayhappeninthe_18_world.Thepolicedoanabsolutelynecessaryjob,theydoit_19_wellandIsupportthem,butIdonotenvypolicemen.IdonotthinkthatIcould_20_dothejobofapoliceman.1.A.dislikeB.joinc.appreciateD.admire2.A.shouldB.wouldc.couldI).must3.A.afunnyB.apleasantc.aninterestingD.aneasy4.A.itB.onec.hisD.them5A.onB.byc.underD.with6.A.walkingB.drivingc.wanderingI).searching7.A.restingB.tiredc.speedingD.drunken8.A.peaceB.silencec.situationI).condition9.A.waitforB.callc.thinkofD.expect10.A.turntoB.avoidc.dealwithI).treat11.A.safetyB.familiesc.futureD.friends12.A.althoughB.asifc.howeverD.evenif13.A.getridofB.questionc.lookforD.sentence14.A.howB.wherec.whatD.who15.A.powerfailureB.firec.thunderstormD.thief16.A.YetB.Thenc.AsD.So17.A.providedB.promisedc.preparedD.presented18.A.futureB.modernc.realI).whole19.A.extremelyB.speciallyc.surprisinglyD.particularly20.A.hardlyB.foreverc.everD.never(八)Ahighschoolhistoryteacheroncetoldus,“Ifyoumakeoneclosefriendinschool,youwillbemostfortunate.Atruefriendissomeonewhostayswithyouforlife."_1_teachesthathewasright.Goodfriendshipisjustnoteasily_2_.Itispossiblethatwesimplydonotstayinoneplacelongenoughfood_3_friendshipto_4_.However,therecanbe_5_disagreementontheneedforeachofustothinkcarefullyaboutthekindoffriendshipwewant.Tomostofus,friendshipsareconsideredveryimportant,butweneedtohaveclearinour_6_thekindsoffriendshipwewant.Aretheytobecloseor_7_atarm'slength?Dowewantto_8_ourselvesordowewanttowalkonthesurface?Forsomepeople,manyfriendshipsonthesurfaceare_9_enough—andthat*sallright.Butatsomepointweneedto10thatourexpectationsarethesameasourfriends，expectations.Thesharingof_ll_experience_12_ourtearsaswellasourdarkdreamsisthesurestwaytodeepenfriendships.Butit_13_be

29undertaken（进行）slowlyandcarriedononlyifthereare_14_ofinterestandactioninreturn.Whataresomeofthe_15_offriendship?Thegreatestistheattractiontoexpecttoomuchtoosoon.Deeprelationships_16_time.Anotheramajordifficulty"istheselfishnesstothinkone“possesses"theother,includinghistimeandattention.Similarly,friendships_17_actionsinreturn.In18words,youmustgiveasmuchasyoutake.Finallythereisaquestionoftakingcareof.Unlessyouspend_19_timetogether,talkingonthephone,writingletters,doingthingstogether,friendshipswilldie_20一,1.A.KnowledgeB.TeachersC.ExperienceD.Parents2.A.understoodB.formedC.realizedD.produced3.A.trueB.commonC.deeplyD.actual4.A.designB.intendC.developD.appear5.A.noB.someC.anyD.none6.A.heartsB.thoughtsC.actionsD.minds7.A.remainedB.leftC.keptD.stayed8.A.ownB.oweC.shareD.spare9.A.thatB.veryC.quiteD.not10.A.makesureB.rememberC.expectD.checkout11.A.socialB.ordinaryC.goodD.personal12.A.includesB.toincludeC.includingD.included13.A.canB.needC.willD.must14.A.marksB.sightsC.scenesD.signs15.A.difficultiesB.differencesC.advantagesD.things16.A.costB.spendC.askD.take17.A.requireB.requestC.dependD.suggest18.A.someB.manyC.otherD.different19.A.reasonableB.comfortableC.lessD.alot20.A.forB.awayC.outD.from（九）PeoplefromGreatBritainbroughttheEnglishlanguagetoNorthAmericainthe16thand17thcenturies.Andinthe]300years,therehavebeensomany2inbothplacesthatnowpeoplecaneasily3anEnglishpersonfromanAmericaninthe4heorshetalks.Manyoldwords5inEnglandbutwerekeptinAmerica.Forexample,300yearsagopeopleinGreatBritaingottheirwaterfromsomethingthey6eithera“aucet”,“spigot”,ora"tap”.Allthesewordsare7heardindifferentpartsofAmerica,butonly"tap"isstill8inEngland.Americansoftenmake9newwordsorchangeoldones,"Corn"isonekindofplantinAmericaand10inEngland.Also,overthelastthreecenturiestheEnglishlanguagehas11thousandsofnewwordsforthingsthatweren't12before.Andoften,AmericanandEnglishpeopleusedtwo13namesforthem.Atincaniscalled"tin”forshortinEnglish,buta“can"inAmerica.Theword"radio^is14allovertheworld,includingAmerica.ButmanyEnglishpeoplecallita“wireless”.Andalmostanything15somethingtodowithcars,railroads,etc.hasdifferent16inBritishandAmericanEnglish.ButnowAmericanandBritishEnglishmaybe17closertogether.Onethingisthat18peoplecanhearalargeamountofAmericanspeechdailyin19.ontelevision,orfromtravelers.Becauseofthis,Americans20tobeinfluencingtheBritishmoreandmore.Sosomeday,EnglishmayevenbethesameonbothsidesoftheAtlantic.1.A.pastB.recentC.oldestD.latest2.A.citizensB.inventionsC.changesD.advances3.A.pickB.tellC.takeD.judge4.A.voiceB.placeC.languageD.way

305.A.disappearedB.stayedC.returnedD.formed6.A.saidB.talkedC.spokeD.called7.A.thenB.hardlyC.clearlyD.still8.A.necessaryB.nativeC.commonD.lively9.A.ofB.intoC.upD.out10.A.anotherB.theotherC.noneD.something11.A.discoveredB.addedC.improvedD.learned12.A.acceptedB.knownC.introducedD.understood13.A.newB.shortC.differentD.surprising14.A.producedB.madeC.developedD.used15.A.havingB.bringingC.gettingD.making16.A.typesB.namesC.degreesD.parts17.A.puttingB.stayingC.livingD.growing18.A.BritishB.AmericanC.educatedD.ordinary19.A.familiesB.busesC.moviesD.newspapers2O.A.needB.expectC.seemD.happen（十）LifewasprettyterribleformostpeopleinLondon100years_1_.Theyhadtoputupwithnoise,smoke_2_dirt.Thenoisecamefromtherailway,andthesmokeanddirtcamefromthetrainsand_3_ofchimneys（烟囱）all_4_them.Thesmokeoftenmixedwithfogandhungintheair_5_,Diseaseskilledthousandsofchildren._6_werelargebutoftenfive_7_sevenchildrenwoulddie_8_theywerefiveyearsold.Islife_9_thanitwas100yearsago?Itiscertainly_10_thatpeoplelivelongerthantheyusedto,travelfasterthantheyusedto,and_11_morethingsthantheydid.Butwestillhavetoputupwithnoise,overcrowdingandbadair.Thesethingsare_12_abasicpartofmodern_13_.100yearsago,therewasa_14_differencebetween_15_andcountry.Butthemotorcarshave_16_allthat.Onemotorwaycantakeupahugeamountofland.Carsarealsoabasicpartofmodernlife.Butindustryandmodernlifedonothavetobe_17_ofbeauty.Wecanhaveboth_18_andprogress.Weneedcleanriversandopencountryjustasmuchaspeople_19_100yearsago.clearwaterandcleanair.Butit'sbecomingmoreandmoredifficult_20_openland,1.A.beforeagoB.thenC.laterD.22.A.besidesandB.butC.orD.38.A.thousandsB.hundredC.thousandD.lot4.A.inaroundD.farB.awayfromonC.5.A.fourdaysB.fordaysC.onedayD.longbefore6.A.FamiliesB.CountriesC.FactoriesD.Hospitals7.A.offB.outofC.outfromD.at8.A.untilbeforeB.afterC.whenD.9.A.worsebetterB.higherC.shorterD.10.A.sureB.trueC.realD.good11.A.doB.buyc.own12.A.yetD.takeB.stillC.alreadyD.

31first13.A.lifeB.schoolC.workD.station14.A.cleanB.clearC.newD.old15.A.homeB.horseC.townD.factory16.A.keptB.changedC.killedD.lost17.A.friendsB.classmatesC.fightersD.enemies18.A.beautyB.foodC.moneyD.ears19.A.didB.finishedC.wantD.need20.A.toseeB.lookingC.gotD.tohaveMagicofSmile（微笑的魅力）（H-一0Smilingisthemostdesirablehumanbehavior.Wetendtooverlookthepowerofsmiling,1_canworkoutmanywondersandmiracles.InmysparetimeintheStates,IlovedtotakeawalkaroundthesmallcommunitywhereIlived.2_Imetontheway,theyalwaysgavemeafriendlygreetingaccompanied（伴随）withanicesmileassoonasoureyeshad3_.Spontaneously（本能的，自动的），Ismiledback.Thiskindofsmilingexchangerepresentedthemost4_partofmyjoggingexperienceintheStates.Whenitcomestodoingbusiness,my5_is“Ilovetoseemycustomerssmile”.Ifacustomersmileswhenheseesyou,itmeanshefeelscomfortable6_withyou.Moreimportantly,itmeanshemakesmoney.Ifhecanmakemoney,Igetthebusinessrolling.Onapersonalnote,mydaughter，sgiggleisjustlike7_,whichwarmsmyinsidethesameway8thesunwarmsmybody.Itcan9_awayanycloudsandunpleasantfeelings.10Iseeherphoto,hergigglejlaroundmyears.Thelittlereservedandcontrolledsmileofmywife,12,reflectsthebeautyofamaturedandwell-learntwoman.Itisso13inmyeyes.Itcansometimesreallyturnmeon.JuliaRobert，s14isnothingbutroaringlikeearthquakeorvolcano.Itcanovertakemenandwomenalike.Americansmay15inmanyotherways,buttheyallagreethatJuliaisAmerica，ssweetheart.Nobodycan16herlaughterplaysaverygoodpartinheracting.OnceItriedsomecandyinastore,theowneraskedmehowsweetthecandyis,IsaidsweeterthanJuliaRobert.Bothofus17intoakindofJulia，slaughter.Yes,laughterissomethingwecannotdowithout.Otherwise,ourlifewouldbetoogloomy.Smilingdoesnotbelongtohumanalone.OnceIstayedatanAmericanhome18hehadalittledoggybythenameofMini.Miniisalovelypet.Everytime,wecamehome,shejumpedupanddownandinsisted19givingmesomelipping.WhenIheldhergentlyandaskedhertogivemealittlesmile,shejust20hermouthandhalfclosedhereyes,lookinglikeeveryinchofsmiling.Thatleftadeepimpressiononme.WhatIloveLosAnglesmostisnotonlyitistheplacewhereithassunshinemostdaysinayearbutalsowheremostpeoplesmile!1.A.whoseB.whichC.thatD.whether

322.A.WhatB.Whomc.WhoD.Whoever3.A.contactedB.touchedc.changedD.connected4.A.enjoyableB.painfulc.honestD.angry5.A.methodB.hobbyc.mottoD.belief6.A.dealingB.dealtc.dealD.todealing7.A.freshairB.weatherc.sunlightD.moon8.A.throughB.likec.asD.asif9.A.putB.givec.getD.clear10.A.WhateverB.Wheneverc.WhereverD.However11.A.appearsB.criesc.addsD.echoes12.A.howeverB.furtherc.thenD.but13.A.littleB.profoundc.muchD.beautiful14.A.cryB.laughterc.soundD.acting15.A.differB.changec.realizeD.quarrel16.A.hateB.thinkc.denyD.refuse17.A.developedB.burstc.dividedD.roared18.A.ifB.whilec.andD.aswellas19.A.forB.withc.toD.on20.A.widenedB.openedc.closedD.cleaned答案：（一）1-5CDDCA6-10CDCBA11-15ABCDC16-20ABDAD（二）DACACBBCBADBBCDBCDAC（三）ABDBBCDDABADCDCACCDA（四）DCADCDBABDBABCBADCAC（五）BCCDAACBDBADCDBDBADC（六）BACDCADABCBADBDBBDCA（七）CADBABCADCADCDBDCBAC（八）CBACADCCCADCDDADACAB（九）ACBDADDCCABBCDABDACC（十）（H--）BDAACACCDBDABBACBCDA