胡敏考研作文

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胡徼考研作文（沪江必一侬空理，题记：虽然我有2004的作文hash,经过比较，还是最欣赏胡敏老师的讲解，终于静下心来把这个flash录制下来希望大家喜欢，祝考研的朋友马到成功！雄鸡一唱天下晓！旁白：2004年的作文flash开头很有气势，胡老师就差强人意，但是两人的比较就像粱羽生和金庸的小说，2004的逐渐平淡，而胡老师却愈来愈强，呵呵，喜欢历年作文得分情况：96年平均分6.75；97年平均分6.28；98年平均分6.34；99年平均分5.96；2000年平均分7.63；2001年平均分11.10；2002年平均分9.36；其他没有统计，请热心的朋友添加。摘自2003年考试分析文章的编排根据自己的习惯进行了排列，但是根据胡老师的讲法要循环复习，所以一些题目根据flash的进度有重复，由此引起的不便请谅解。写作课的学习方法：八字方针：背诵五背原则一一精彩词汇（文章中的）：精彩句型；文章里精彩的句子；万能的框架；经典范文默写（readingmakesafullmanwritingmakesanexactman）可以查出一些细小的错误，而这是判卷老师最不可忍受的地方。互译把精彩的文章翻成中文，过一段时间再复原成中文描红即是模仿，仿效，通过这四个环节最终产生高分作文我们的原则是：坚持一种写法，一写到底，把复杂的问题简单化，一看到就不自觉的想这样写。写作的三个阶段：牢记、效仿、持之以恒一、考生写作的困境及其对策1、滔滔不绝意识流中文的特点：情感分段;作者想到哪说的哪，观点由读者领会,听弦外之音，语言含蓄而隐晦英文的特点：逻辑分段;思维严谨，观点由作者交待,是什么就是什么，比较直接，直来直去要学会运用英文的思维。“猴子原则”（只要香蕉）：themonkeyprinciple-提纲原则，提纲要你干么你就要干么，只写最需要的，注重命题的提纲还要量化：200个字，即12（最好状态）-15（基础不太好的人）句话。对策：紧扣大纲（outline）,不过多阐发2、无话可说真难受91-96年的情况：（标题+提纲），社会性的问题，联系生活实际情况,从身边的方方面面中找到话题。有话说时，还的按照一定的惯式来写！

197年是图画图表文章：对策：例证法；平时拓展思维训练；关注社会焦点，寻找相对立面，开拓自己的思路：3、真情流露没必要只需要“相关”,只要大方向相同就可以了，不要想的太远考作文不是考的人的思想，而是制造一个机会使你展示自己的书面表达英语的能力，应该把内容方面的构思时间降低到最低限度，而花时间在推敲每一个句子，每一个表达上。降低每一个小的细节错误，英语表达清新的感觉对策：语言第一，结构第二，内容第三位4、英语表达憋得慌对路的话，就是拿分的项目，因为和原来的15分效果相同。达到12分：安全第一:句子结构，语法一一尽量使用有把握的简单原则:词汇，再点缀一些包装性的句子结构达到17分以上：（是有得20分的可能性的），要求词汇多变：多使用同义词、近义词，别重复用词（要有意识去做）；句子结构多变：一定要有复杂的句子结构，这样容易得高分对策：积累写作语言，做好表达得分太低的原因是树干funk出了问题:谓语部分、核心部分有刺眼的错误：1主谓一致2动词时态3定冠词和不定冠词4名词单发数5介词、副词的搭配；6拼写错误不高的原因是树枝branches的问题:状语从句、定语从句、宾语从句、非谓语动词等绿叶：各种修饰对每一个句子，从写作的角度，从这三个层次trunk,branch,greenery上用心体会每一个句子高分的特点：有树干，树干没有被虫咬过，即便是被虫咬，也只是个别地方有刺眼的错误，然后还有树枝，树枝还比较多，还有绿叶的衬托（比如动词和副词的修饰，词语搭配，形容词性的修饰词effectivemeasures等等）,这样就比较精彩了。所以我们要对每一个精彩的句子都要从这三个方面考虑分析。这是突破的关键。5、处于被动危害大：写作应是主动的，避免不利于自己的词语和句子，别去说自己说不清楚的东西，不去写自己没有把握的东西，不要把自己搞得很被动。单词拼写不会，为什么不换一种形式得到另一种表达方法希望大家从错误中提高自己。在35分钟内写完2001年作文题（五大经典题型中的一种）二、透视91年到2001年真题，提炼重点题型，归纳总结经典段落图画作文（漫画作文）1、历届真题从91年开始一一第一次考研作文命题，基本上和托福作文命题差不多“Wheretolive,inthecityorthecountry?"

2title开头有一句话：Somepeoplethinkthatpeoplelivinginthecountryenjoymoreadvantagesthanthosewholiveinthecity.outline（提纲）1.conveniencesofthecity2.attractionsofthecountry3.disadvantagesofboth4.mypreferencePrivateCarNowadays,anyChinesecanenjoytheluxuryofowningaprivatecarifhecanaffordit.Outline：1.advantagesofowningaprivatecar2.disadvantagesofowningaprivatecar3.Shoulditbenecessarytoenlargetheprivatecarmarket?Whyorwhynot?如果认为不应该发展小汽车，最后一段就写不应该发展小汽车的几个理由。如果最后一段表示支持，调整结构：第1段写小汽车的坏处1,2,3第2段写小汽车的好处1,2,3第3段写为什么要发展小汽车连成一片，这样可以协调一致92年——标题（必需要写，对93,95,99,2000,2001的命题产生了影响）标题：Forabetterunderstandingbetweenparentandchild1.Presentsituation:lackofcommunicationbetweenparentandchild2.Possiblereasons:a.differentlikesanddislikesb.misunderstandingc.others3.suggestions:a.forparentsb.forchildren第二段不管是单数还是复数，都应该写几个理由第三段不管是单数还是复数，至少要写到两点详细记录92年提纲一一经典题型之一（必须写的文章）93年AdvertisementonTV1.Presentstate；2.Reasons：3.Mycomments

394年Onmakingfriends1.theneedforfriendship（为什么要交朋友？友谊的必要性，理由）2.truefriendship（解释性段落卜大经典段落之一）参看97年1月四（熟能生巧）、六级考试（欲速则不达）写掉这三个段落《大学英语考试高分作文》这种题型历史上只考过一次（学会怎样写解释性的段落）3.myprincipleinmakingfriends（联系92年的第三部分mycomments）95年Theprojecthope（希望工程）1.presentsituation2.necessityoftheproject3.mysuggestion96年（命题的巨大失败，因为它被猜到了）Goodhealth1.Importanceofgoodhealth；2.waystokeepfit3.myownpractice97（命题结构的分水岭，想到了雅思，但该年依然不成功）T5Vcne4Z：■K#。2£<>i1-T&-414世KH斗gE/1.1nterpretthepictures（实际上同讲现状，只不过是图表上的）2.predictthetendencyoftobaccoconsumptionandgiveyourreasons（容易写成畸形文章，所以说不成功）可以改为：第一，现在的状况第二项，为什么这样，第三预算未来（当年有不少0分作文，因为写了与图表无关的内容）98年图画作文（仍不是太成功，甚至是失败的）一只母鸡拿着一张纸，上面写着“如此承诺”一一本母鸡承诺下的鸡蛋有蛋清、蛋黄、蛋壳……，旁边有一首打油诗：各行各业兴承诺，欢迎监督不推脱，原本皆为份内事，何须高唱文明歌评论：出现了漫画作文，不小的进步，但提纲不太成熟，容易误导人写出不像文章的文章）1.writeoutthemessageconveyedbythecartoon：（message”信息、内容”）

41.giveyourcomments.99年（步入正规，必写题目）Directions:A.studyingthefollowinggraphscarefullyandwriteanessayinatleast150wordsB.youressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2C.youressayshouldcoverthesethreepoints:（猴子原则）1.effectofthecountry'sgrowinghumanpopulationonitswildlife（现状）2.possiblereasonfortheeffect（理由）3.yoursuggestionforwildlifeprotection（建议措施）essay:论文要有开头introduction,主体body,结论conclusion91到96年历史留给我们的是1＞几个经典段落2、提纲outline（也就是思路）图画作文比较公正客观99年是经典题型之二2000年是经典题型之三（也是必写题目）1.Describethepiclure（描述图片，解释图表十大经典段落之一）2.Deduce（推断，推论）thepurposeofthedrawerofthepictures（画家的意图十大经典段落之一）3.Suggestyourcountermeasures98年命题不成功一一没有想到现实生活中人是怎么欣赏漫画的看漫画的三步曲1、看画2、画家想干嘛（themeaningbehindit）3、看了画以后会要采取什么行动（正好和提纲相对应）Abriefhistoryofworldcommercialfishing注意：漫画不需要动很多脑筋，看漫画时不需要想太多（练习写小鸟哭树的文章）参考样文:必须包含一下几点：

5第一，对图画进行描述：必须包括：clearcutthewoods,thehugeaxe,thelargeteardropofthebird第二，点出图画的寓意第三，发表议论，提出你的方法和建议Basically,whatweseeinthispictureisabirdlamenting（超纲，悲伤、哀悼）thefactthatitshomehasbeendestroyed.Ofcourse,birdsusuallymaketheirhomesintrees,andsincetherearenotreesleftinthepicture-onlythestumps（超纲,树桩）,toshowthattheoriginaltreeshavebeenchoppeddown-thebirdisleftwithoutshelter.Infact,thebirdhasnochoicebuttoperch（超纲，栖息、就位于）onthehandleofanaxe,whichhasbeenusedtodestroyitsoriginalhome.Wecandeducefromthispicturethatthedraweristryingtoattractourattentiontothetragedy（悲剧、惨事、灾难）ofthedestructionofforests,whichispartofthethreattotheecologicalbalanceoftheplanet.Heseemstobesayingthatsoontherewillbenotreesleftintheworld.Inmyopinion,thesadlittlebirdisasymbolofalllivingthings,includinghumanbeings,and,likethebird,weloo（注意too的用法）willbelefthomelessifweallowthedestructionoftheenvironmenttocontinue.Thissimplepictureisawake-upcallforthewholeofthehumanrace.Ifthisvividimageofthegrim（超纲，严酷的）futureofourplanetisnottobecomeareality,wemusttakepositivestepsrightnowtoputanendtheplundering（超纲,掠夺，抢夺）oftheEarth'snaturalresources.Itisclearthatthedrawerofthepictureisurgingustostartwithacampaigntosavetheforests,whichissomethingallofuscanjoinbyurgingourlocalauthoritiestotakepositivemeasurestosavethetrees.竟然有五个超纲词，呵呵，胡老师手到擒来，可是却苦了我！2000年满分例文thecaption=thewordsread漫画中的说明文字具体的东西抽象化，抽象的东西具体化。Asisshowninthepictures,wecanseeclearlythatwiththeincrease।ofcommercialfishing,thenumberoffishessharply/dramaticaH/decreased.Inonepicture,therewerevariouskindsoffishandonlyonefishing-boatin19（X）.Onthecontrary,in1995therewasonlyonefish,with3（but的重心在后面，with表示伴随的状况重心在前面）manyfishing-boats.（分析：第一句主题句，二三句分析图片）仅仅分析描述picture,不要议论Thepi”、ofthispictureistoshowusthatdue（足够的充分的）4attentionhastobepaidtothedecreased.Owingtooverfishingthenumberoffishhasobviouslydecreased.Ifweletthissituationcontinue/go'asitis（描述性语句describeasitis）,wewon'tknowwherefishisinthefuture.Bythattime,ourenvironmentwillsufferagreatdestruction.（分析：第

6一句主题句，后面没必要说很多Therefore,itisimperative（迫切的）6forustotakeeffective（drastic,严厉的激烈的）*measures.Foronething,weshouldappealto（呼吁）ourauthoritiestomakestrictlawstocontrolcommercialfishing.Foranother,weshouldenhance（提高增力口）,theawarenessofpeoplethattheoceanresourcesareveryvitaltous.8Onlyinthiswaycanweprotectouroceanresources.AlsoIbelievethatwehumans（human,humans=humanbeings）canovercomethisdifficulty,andwewillhaveabrightfuture.（分析：第一句仍是主题句。每一段都严格按照提纲来写，每一段的第一句话又都是每一段的主题句，这样一来，给人一种很直接的感觉，符合“猴子原则”而且全文用词准确地道，给人深刻印象。।Development是一个褒义词，这里需要一个贬义词至少是中性词，因此填写increase不能填写increasing因为increase本身可以作为名词，所以如果填写increasing是错误的；edramatically这里就是greenery绿叶，点缀、陪衬句子，也可以用sharply；3with这里是一个重心的问题，如果填写but强调but引导的词或词组，就是强调有很多渔船，与文章的中心不符合；"due这里如果添上great、much、more也可以，但是属于同一种层次，不能体现自己词汇的深度和广度（大家都会的）而利用due则给人耳目一新的感觉；要注意动词副词形容词之间的搭配；5goasitis一下子提高了一个档次，这样的语言点要学会；imperative：important>essential>necessary这类词是一个档次，体现不出自己的深度；imperative迫切的，这个词很好；★effective也可以，some是最低档次，只适合“安全”，用drastic就显得技高一筹但是，aseriesof一系列，但写作文时千万不要说takeaseriesofmeasures,这是要受到批判的。因为measures本身就表示多，所以我们要说采取什么性质的措施，而不是多少措施，takeaseriesofmeasures是中文式英语，只能表明你的无知和不地道。Enhance这个词很好；如果用arouse用的比较不是特别贴切，仿佛别人没有觉悟需要你去提醒；8增加一个倒装句，显示自己有好的语法功底1、本文185个词（写到180个词就不会扣分）2、12个句子（说两分钟左右的时间，没有什么复杂）第1段3句话，53个单词；第2段4句话，60个单词；第3段5句话，72个单词提纲第一点里面要你干什么你就干什么答案：Asisshowninthepictures,wecanseeclearlythat（语法没问题，意义上有重叠，可改为Asisseen（shown）inthepictures,+clause或改为Fromthepictures,wecanseeclearlythat+clause）withtheincreaseofcommercialfishing,thenumberoffishessharply/dramaticallydecreased.Inonepicture,therewerevariouskindsoffishandonlyonefishing-boatin1900.0nthecontrary,in1995therewasonlyonefish,withmanyfishing-boats.Thepurposeofthispictureistoshowusthatdueattentionhastobepaidtothedecreaseof

7oceanresources.Owingtoover-fishingthenumberoffishhasobviouslydecreased,（decreased重复了三次，完全可以避免，第二个改为decline,第三个可用dropped,同样的词要尽量避免）Ifweletthissituationcontinue/goasitis,wewon'tknowwherefishisinthefuture.（时态上的混乱，应该为,wedonotknowwherefishwillbeinthefuture）这样文章已经完全正确了，背下来！如何使作文的时态简单化，以最大程度地避免错误？参加国际上的任何一场考试，只要是写英语作文，主体上应该是一般现在时态；只有当你提到具体的、过去的、某一事件段发生的具体的某一件事情作为例证时，可以一般过去时。中心时态是简单的一般现在时。拳击手的故事，抓住结构，活学活用，即使有小错也是无所谓的，毕竟瑕不掩玉，这个成语对么？A_ATherearetwothingsneedourtothink,yun!改为：Twothingsareconcerned.Weneedtothinkabouttwothings.Twothingsareworthconsideration.（最好）受中文影响，没有英语结构，每一个句子都要问一下自己有没有参照结构。范文十Directions:A.Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteanessayinabout200wordsB.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET2C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1.Describethecartoonandthemessageconveyed2.Drawaconclusionandgiveyourcommentonthecartoon补充句型：itseemstomethatItseemstomethatthecartoonistissendingamessageabouttheimportance.Thepurposeofthepictureistoshowusthatdueattentionhastobepaidtotheimportanceofthetreesinwaterandsoilconversation,andtheneedforeveryonetofightagainstthedangerofthedesertificationInfact,whatheissayingthatisifwedonotfightagainstthelandhills,theywoulddriveus

8awayfromtheland.选这个文章的目的：其一它代表一种方向，其二这篇的特点是问题有，又有解决问题的方案，构成整体的漫画Today,theearth'sdesertsarespreadingandgettinglargeranddesertificationisaseriousproblemfacingtheworld.Themajorreasonforthisisirresponsiblecuttingdownoftrees.Asisshowninthefirstcartoon,whenpeoplecutdowntreesdesertforcesonandbecomesirrepressible.其问题就在于第一段就在分析原因作文在判卷的时候注重两个方面：语言、内容写完后检查：1、句子的主语和谓语是否一致2、时态3、名次的单复数4、定冠词和不定冠词5、搭配6、单词的拼写套用句型时要对句型部分句法结构功能特别清晰如：Asisshowninthepictures,wecanseeclearlythat后面是要加从句的，而不是单独的名词结构，或者，你可以说Asisshowninthepictures,wecanseeclearlytherelationshipbetweenpeopleandthedesert.要想用句型来包装自己，首先要对该句型有完全的把握。例文：Asisshowninthepictures,wecanseeclearlytherelationshipbetweenpeopleandthedeserts.（这是我发现的胡老师的第二个错误，呵呵自己在2000年的例文中进行了批判，结果还是用进来了，A_A）Inthefirstpicture,peoplearefleeingfromgreedysandhillsbecausetheyhavecutdownallthetrees.Thecaptionreads:Asthesandadvantages,weretreat.Inthesecondpicture,thepeoplehavereturnedcarryingtools,waterandyoungtreestoplantthelandagain.Thecaptionreads:Asweadvance,thesandretreats.描述图片考试的目的是考你语法和词汇的知识：词汇两个方面：1词汇面的宽度2词汇的难度语法的两个原则：1语法的精确性2语法的复杂性thecaption=thewordsread漫画中的说明文字具体的东西抽象化，抽象的东西具体化，总而言之你把意思说出来2001年（第四个经典题型）特点：1场景2提纲3图画2004年仍然是考得这种类型Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest,buteveryonehashis/herownunderstandingofit.Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueinanewspaper.Writeanessaytothenewspaperto1）showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaningofthepicturebelow,2）giveaspecificexample,and3）giveyoursuggestionastothebestwaytoshowlove.

9第1段包涵两个经典段落：描述图画、画家意图第2段具体例证第3段建议措施，具体做法2001年大纲样题（第五个经典题型）Widespreadtobaccoconsumptionhasledtograveconsequences,yetthetobaccocompaniesstillclaimthattheymakeavaluablecontributiontotheworldeconomy.Thereisadiscussioninanewspaperontheabovetwoviewpoints.Writeanessaytothenewspaper1Criticizing（评论）theirviewand2）justify（证明什么的合理性）yourstand.Inyouressay,makefulluseoftheinformationprovidedinthepicturesprintedbelow.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsonanswersheet2.Xr田今.JFFHT»E及2000-C^Z9*77WT（picture:theyear1997）

10特点：原来的经典图表题：提纲+图表1、描述图片2、几个可能的理由3、建议措施经典题型之五：现在的图表题：场景+提纲+图表十大经典段落03-04重点1现状2解释性段落3描述性段落（图表图画）开头段落（1.2.3）4原因列举（alistofreason）主体段落（4）5举例（2001年考研题，参看97年1月四六级考题）6意图分析7利和弊（自己总结）中间段落（5.6.7）8结尾（自己总结）9建议措施10预测未来（从没有出现过）（8.9.10）学术性英语的功能段落考的是你的科研能力，胡敏（精彩）：你在读研究生的时候，你是在搞研究，你必需会描述现状，你必需会解释概念，你必需会把图表转化为文字，你必需会对现在的现状分析它的原因何在，你还要会看一个问题比较客观的看，公正的看它的利与弊，你还要拿具体的事实和例证来说明问题，最后这样还不行，你作为搞研究来说，你不只是描述现状，不只是解释定义，不只是可观分析原因，分析利与弊，说它到底是什么样的真正的背后的意图，你还要怎么样，你还要拿出解决问题的方案，你的建议措施，你还要怎么样，搞科研你还必需会预测未来。从这种角度来说这些功能是作为读研究生必需会的能力，不是survival而是academic,这是考研究生，不是去移民。理解Academicfunctionalparagraphs.（AFP）学术性英语的功能段落把十大段落进行排列组合，就能产生新的提纲。横向的集中的看一项问题，干事情要找到一个focus«作业：1.沙进我退，我进沙退的那篇写掉2.3段，2.看2000年还要什么可以改进的地方3.把下面两篇文章看可以有什么修改的地方：(20页有详细分析)(1)Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest.Itisoftheutmostimportancetothehumanbeings,Everybodynotonlyneedslove,butalsoshouldgivelove.Asisdescribedinthepicture,"loveisalampwhichisbrighterindarkerplaces.MThisisindeedtrue.Peopleindarkerplacesneedmorelightthanordinarypeople.Maybeevenadimlightcangivethemmuchhopeforabetterlifeandprogress.Maybejustathreadoflightwill

11callforththeirstrengthandcouragetostepoutoftheirdifficulties.Forinstancewhensomeoneisstarvingtodeath,justalittlefoodandwaterfromyoumaysavehislife.OrwhenalittlegirlinapoorruralareadropsoutofschoolbecauseofpovertyJustasmallsurnofmoneyfromyoumaysupporthertofinishherschoolingandchangeherlife,youhavegivenlovewhichislikealampinadarkplacewherelightismostneeded.Sotosumup,weshouldofferourhelptoallwhoareinneed.Weexpecttogetlovefromothersandwealsogivelovetootherssowhenyouseesomeoneindifficultyorindistressandinneedofhelp,don'thesitatetogiveyourlovetohim.Ibelievethentheralationshipbetweenpeoplewillbeharmoniousandoursocietywillbeabetterplaceforustolivein.(20分)(1)Itisgenerallybelievedthatloveisahottopicwhichismosttalkedabout.ThisistruenotonlyinChinabutalsoinothercountries.Weliveindifferentcountries,speakdifferentlanguages,butloveissomethingcommontousall.Buthowtoshowlovemaybedifferentwithdifferentpeopleindifferentcountries.Thisissomethingweshouldgivemorethoughtto.Asshowninthepicture,loveislikealampwhichshinesbrightestindarkplaces.Thistellsusasimpletruth:Loveislikaalamp.Itismostvaluablewhenitismostneeded.Forexample,onceIsawaforeignladygetlostinthestreet.ShecouldnotspeakChineseandnobodyseemedtobeabletohelpher.ThoughmyEnglishisnotverygoodandIamashyperson,Ithougthsheneededhelpverymuch.Iaskedherwhatshewanted.Shetoldmeshelostherway,soIshowedherthewaytoherhotel.Itwasasmallthingbutshethankedmeverymuchbecausemyhelpwasneededverymuch.Myhelpwaslikealampinadarkplace.Ithinkweallshouldbelikealampinadarkplace,showingourlove,givingourhelptoothers,eventostrangers.Inthiswaywecanmakethisworldaharmoniousandpeacefulworld.（18分）4.尽量看懂下面的文章：Whenweusetheword"love"wedonotsimplymeananattractiontoapersonoftheoppositesex,whichisaverynarrowdefinitionoftheword.Thepicturebelowillustratestherealmeaningoflove,bystressingthefactthatloveisemotionalstrength,whichcansupportusnomatterhowdarktheworldaroundusbecomes.Infact,throughouthistorypeopleofmanydifferentcultureshaveregardedloveasthenoblestofhumanemotions.Asanexampleofthepoweroflove,weshouldrememberhowtheChinesepeopleofallnationalitiesrespondtothecalltohelpthevictimsofnaturaldisasterseveryyear.Althoughtheirincomesarestilllowbyinternationalstandards,peoplealloverthecountrydonothesitatetodonatewhatevertheycan-beitmoneyorgoods-tohelptheirneedyfellowcitizens.Moreover,theydothiswithnothoughtofgainforthemselves.Inmyopinion,thebestwaytoshowloveistohelppeoplewhoaremoreunfortunatethan

12weare.Weshouldalwaysbereadytogiveahelpinghandtothosewhoareintrouble,nomatterwhethertheyarefarmilymembersorcompletestrangers.Inthisway,wecanhelptomaketheworldabetterplace,fbr,asthepictureshows,thedarkertheshadowsofsorrowbecome,themorebrightlythelampofloveshines.◎◎图画作文◎◎自己认为是重点以下四篇背诵文章解决该类题型：第一：对图画进行描述：第二：透过画面点出图画的寓意；第三：发表议论、提出问题方法和建议。我们要掌握背诵20篇文章，这是第一篇：

13AbriefHistoryofWorldCommercialFishing2000年考题Studythefollowingtwopicturescarefullyandwriteandessayto1)describethepictures,2)deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepictures,and3)suggestcounter-measures.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Fromthepictureswecanseeclearlythatwiththeincreaseofcommercialfishing,thenumberoffishesdramaticallydecreased.Inonepicture,therewerevariouskindsoffishandonlyonefishing-boatin1900.Onthecontrary,in1995therewasonlyonefish,withmanyfishing-boats.Thepurposeofthispictureistoshowusthatdueattentionhastobepaidtothedeclineofoceanresources.Owingtooverfishing,thenumberoffishhasobviouslydropped.Ifweletthissituationgoasitis,wedonotknowwherefishwillbeinthefuture.Bythattime,ourenvironmentwillsufferagreatdestruction.Therefore,itisimperativeforustotakedrasticmeasures.Foronething,weshouldappealtoourauthoritiestomakestrictlawstocontrolcommercialfishing.Foranother,weshouldenhancetheawarenessofpeoplethattheoceanresourcesareveryvitaltous.Onlyinthiswaycanweprotectouroceanresources.AlsoIbelievethatwehumanscanovercomethisdifficulty,andwewillhaveabrightfuture.现在最大的问题不是没有单词，而是没有句子结构。所以我们写的每一个句子都要从20篇文章中找到参照结构。2.关于沙进我退作文

14沙泣我JS图画作文；范文1第一：对图画进行描述：第二：透过画面点出图画的寓意；第三：发表议论、提出问题方法和建议.补充句型;itseemstomethat...也聂陟衣Itseemstomethatthecartoonistissendingamessegeabouttheimportance.Thepurposeofthispictureistoshowusthatdueattentionhastobepaidto...Itseemstomethatthecartoonistissendingamessegeabouttheimportanceoftreesinwaterandsoilconservation,andtheneedforeveryonetofightagainstthedangerofdesertification句型：Itseemstomethatthecartoonistissendingamessageabouttheimportanceoftreesinwaterandsoilconservation,andtheneedforeveryonetofightagainstthedangerofdesertification.Infact,whatheissayingisthatthesandhillswilldriveusawayfromthelandifwedonotagainstthem.Ifweletthissituationgoasitis,ourenvironmentwillsufferagreatdestruction.（第二段两个句型，第三个是背的句子）注：漫画作文:一般问题的解决方案不通过图画体现。但如果图画中给出了解决方案，则需要在写作中体现出来。比如本文：第三段：（主题句）Thebestwaytofightbackagainstthegreedydesertismadeclearinthesecondpicture.Therethelocalpeopleareactivelysettingaboutthetaskofplantingtreestoreclaim（改造）thelandandmakeitfertile.Thefactthattherearethreepeopleinthepicture,eachwithadifteienijob.（逻辑独MK谓4\构,介.suggeststhatworkingtogether（齐心协力）isthekeytosuccessinthebattleagainstsoilerosion.句型：同位语从句：Thefactthat+clausesuggeststhat...范文十：（第二篇背诵范文）Fromthepictures,wecanseeclearlytherelationshipbetweenpeopleandthedeserts.Inthefirstpicture,peoplearefleeingfromgreedysandhillsbecausetheyhavecutdownallthetrees.Thecaptionreads:asthesandadvantages,weretreat.Inthesecondpicture,thepeoplehavereturnedcarryingtools,waterandyoungtreestoplantthelandagain.Thecaptionreads:asweadvance,thesandretreats.Itseemstomethatthecartoonistissendingamessageabouttheimportanceoftreesinwaterandsoilconservation,andtheneedforeveryonetofightagainstthedangerofdesertification.Infactwhatheissayingisthatthesandhillswilldriveusawayfromthelandifwedonotagainstthem.Ifweletthissituationgoasitis,ourenvironmentwillsufferagreatdestruction.

15Thebestwaytofightbackagainstthegreedydesertismadeclearinthesecondpicture.Therethelocalpeopleareactivelysettingaboutthetaskofplantingtreestoreclaimthelandandmakeitfertile.Thefactthattherearethreepeopleinthepicture,eachwithadifferentjob,suggeststhatworkingtogetheristhekeytosuccessinthebattleagainstsoilerosion.范文八（第三篇背诵）范文八Directions:A.Studythefollowingcartooncarefullyandwriteandessayinabout200words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET11.C.Youressayshouldmeettherequirementsbelow:1.Describethecartoonandthemessageconveyed2.Drawaconclusionandgiveyourcommentonthecartoon▲漫形杀手Pollutionisbecomingmoreandmoreseriousallovertheworld.Asisshowninthecartoon,twocarsaregivingoffwastegasandthreepeoplearetryingtoavoidbreathinginthepoisonousgasbymaskingtheirfacewiththeirhands.Thepoisonousgassentoffbyfactories,domesticappliancesandautomobileshasmadetheairunhealthyforpeopletobreathe.（对图画进行描述）Thereisnodenyingthatautomobilesareindicationsofcivilization,progressanddevelopment;nevertheless,automobilescausetheseriousproblemofairpollution.Scientistshavewarnedthatunlesseffectivemeasuresaretaken,theproblemofpollutionwilleveniuallygeloulofhand.Actually,peopleareshowingarealconcernovertheproblem.（事实上人们在真正担忧这个问题）Forexample,thereisanincreasinglyloudvoicefromthepublic（公众）forfirmactionagainstpollutionfromautomobileso（解释寓意）Indeed,theearthisourhomeandwehavethedutytotakecareofitforourselvesandforourdescendants.Inmyopinion,weshouldworkoutconcretesolutionstotheproblemofpollutionfrompoisonousgasgivenoffbyautomobiles.Forexample,theautomobilesshouldbeequipped

16withadevicewhichcandisposeofwastegassoastopreventitfrompollutingair.Onlyinthiswaycanwereallysolvetheproblemofairpollutioncausedbyautomobiles.（建议措施）范文九（第四篇背诵）范文九Directions:A.Writeanessaythatconveystheinformationinthefollowingchart/graph/picture/drawing/cartoonaccompaniedbyourcomments.B.Timelimit:40minutesC.Wordlimit:nolessthan150wordsD.YouressayshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEET.Thispictureshowstwopeoplereadingtheannouncementonabillboard,andbeingshockedatthemessage.Thisisbecausethebillboardisadvertisinga"SaleofDeadBodies.'*Thecartoonisacriticismofthecarelessuseofsimplifiedcharacters.Obviously,theadvertiserwantstoinformpeopleofthesaleofsomethingelse-notdeadbodies!Butwedon*tknowwhatitis,becausethethreecharacterswhichmakeupthemessageareusedincorrectly.Nowadaystoomanypeoplenotonlydonottakeenoughcaretowriteproperly,theyeveninventtheirownsimplifiedwaysofwriting.Simplifyingtheold,complicatedcharactershasbeenagreatbenefit,enablingpeopletolearntoreadandwritequickly.Butweshouldsticktothestandardsimplifiedcharacters,makesurethatweusethemproperly,anddefinitelynotmakeupourownsimplifiedcharacters.Otherwise,whatwasintendedtomakecommunicationeasiercouldresultinmakingitmoredifficult.

172001年真题作文图画+提纲+场景Directions:Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblest,buteveryonehashis/herownunderstandingofit.（不是重心，不能展开）Therehasbeenadiscussionrecentlyontheissueinanewspaper.Writeanessaytothenewspaperto（注意文体，是写议论文不是写信）1）showyourunderstandingofthesymbolicmeaning（象征意义）ofthepicturebelow,（描述，寓意，包涵两个经典段落）2）giveaspecificexample,and（举例参前，可以给多个例证）3）giveyoursuggestionasto（hebestwaytoshowlove.Youshouldwriteabout（建议措施，可以一个也可以更多）200wordsonANSWERSHEET2.（20points）

18样卷的评分和评语Sample1,Sample2给分：（17—20分）评语：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的全部内容；文章通顺，语言流畅，句式变化多样；用词面较宽；虽有个别不妥之处，但该生基本功较好；表达能力较强；长度符合要求。Sample3,Sample4给分：（13—16分）评语：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的全部内容；表达基本清楚，文字连贯；句式变化较多；结构与用词有少量一般性错误；长度符合要求。Sample5,Sample6给分：（9—12分）评语：内容切题，包括题中所列三方面的全部内容；表达基本清楚；但结构与用词错误较多，有少数是严重错误；长度符合要求。Sample7,Sample8给分：（5—8分）评语：内容切题，包括题中所列要点；语句尚可理解，但结构与用词错误多；有些是严重错误；长度基本符合要求。Sample9,Sample10给分：（1一4分）评语：与题意勉强有关，但条理不清，不成篇章；语句错误多且严重；词不达意。（注：文章长度低于180词扣1分，低于170分扣2分，依次类推。）这是2004年的评分标准，通俗化，呵呵，认为不错评分有五个档次1.17〜20分：思维丰富，语言非常漂亮，运用了相当多的好词语等2.13〜16分：语言比较通畅，有些闪光点，但也有一些小错误等等3.9~12分：没什么闪光点，语言简单乏味，字数够了；4.5~8分：语言错误太明显，且比较多；5.。〜4分：跑题，不符合题目要求，语言太差。

19（1）Amongalltheworthyfeelingsofmankind,loveisprobablythenoblesJ（原文句子砍）Itisoftheutmostimportancetothehumanbeings2,Everybodynotonlyneedslove,butalsoshouldgivelove3.32Asisdescribedinthepicture4,"loveisalampwhichisbrighterindarkerplaces."Thisisindeedtrue.Peopleindarkerplacesneedmorelightthanordinarypeople,.Maybeevenadimlightcangivethemmuchhopeforabetterlifeandprogress6.Maybejustathreadoflightwillcallforththeirstrengthandcouragetostepoutoftheirdifficulties.65Forinstancewhensomeoneisstarvingtodeath,justalittlefoodandwaterfromyoumaysavehis8life.Or9whenalittlegirlinapoorruralareadropsoutofschoolbecauseofpoverty,justasmallsurnofmoneyfromyoumaysupporthertofinishherschoolingandchangeherlife,youhavegivenlovewhichislikealampinadarkplacewherelightismostneeded.74Sotosumweshouldofferourhelptoallwhoareinneed.Weexpecttogetlovefromothersandwealsogivelovetootherssowhenyouseesomeoneindifficultyorindistressandinneedofhelp,don'thesitatetogiveyourlovetohim.Ibelievethentheralationshipbetweenpeoplewillbeharmoniousandoursocietywillbeabetterplaceforustolivein.74（20分）小毛病中的大问题分析：।第一句话是败笔，机械的抄袭命题的语言，是剽窃行为，砍掉。2humans作名词，humanbeings很少使用。3Give引导双宾语。4Asisdescribedinthepicture改为：Ascanbeseenfromthepicture5ordinarypeople是普通老百姓，这里不合适，发生逻辑错误，应改6多余7段落开头不宜使用举例，缺乏主题句。并且应该用逗号分开8第一次一定要细致9换为again见最后一段修改后（235词15句）第五篇背诵文章Loveisofutmostimportancetoushumans.Everybodynotonlyneedslove,butalsoshouldgiveotherslove.Ascanbeseenfromthepicture,"loveisalampwhichisbrighterindarkerplaces.MThisisindeedtrue.Peopleindarkerplacesneedmorelightthanotherpeople.Maybeevenadimlightcangivethemmuchhopeforabetterlife.Maybejustathreadoflightwillcallforththeirstrengthandcouragetohelpthemstepoutoftheirdifficulties.32Icanthinkofnobetterillustrationofthisideathanthefollowingexample(s).(Numerousexamplescanbegiveneasily,butthesewillsufficev足够＞.)Forinstance,whensomeoneisstarvingtodeath,justalittlefoodandwaterfromyoumaysavehis(her)life.Again(又例如)，

20whenalittlegirlinapoorruralareadropsoutofschoolbecauseofpoverty,justasmallsumofmoneyfromyoumaysupporthertofinishschoolandchangeherlife.In(Under)ihesecircumstancesyouhavegivenlovewhichislikealampinadarkplacewherelightismostneeded.(有一个主题句，例一forinstance例二again,最后总结)65Tosumup(总而言之),weshouldofferourhelptoalltheneeded.Weexpecttogetlovefromothersandwealsogivelovetoothers.Sowhenyouseesomeoneindifficultyorindistressandinneedofhelp,don*thesitatetogiveyourlovetohim(her).Ibelieveihaltherelationshipbetweenpeoplewillbeharmoniousandthatoursocietywillbeabetterplaceforustolivein.(20分)(2)Itisgenerallybelievedthatloveisahottopicwhichismosttalkedabout.ThisistruenotonlyinChinabutalsoinothercountries.Weliveindifferentcountries,speakdifferentlanguages,butloveissomethingcommontousall.Buthowtoshowlovemaybedifferentwithdifferentpeopleindifferentcountries.Thisissomethingweshouldgivemorethoughtto.Asshowninthepicture,loveislikealampwhichshinesbrightestindarkplaces.Thistellsusasimpletruth:Loveislikaalamp.Itismostvaluablewhenitismostneeded.Forexample,onceIsawaforeignladygetlostinthestreet.ShecouldnotspeakChineseandnobodyseemedtobeabletohelpher.ThoughmyEnglishisnotverygoodandIamashyperson,Ithougthsheneededhelpverymuch.Iaskedherwhatshewanted.Shetoldmeshelostherway,soIshowedherthewaytoherhotel.Itwasasmallthingbutshethankedmeverymuchbecausemyhelpwasneededverymuch.Myhelpwaslikealampinadarkplace.Ithinkweallshouldbelikealampinadarkplace,showingourlove,givingourhelptoothers,eventostrangers.Inthiswaywecanmakethisworldaharmoniousandpeacefulworld.(18分)分析：错误超多，呵呵，胡老师说这个老师后悔自己给分了。第一个句子有三个错误。Generallybelievedahottopicmosttalkedabout这三个的意思是重复的。短语得分，givemorethought(s)to但常用morethoughtsshouldbegivento(我们必须，我们应该，号召性的语句)第二段首句就少了谓语，不过避免了传统的中国学生的错误，我想这个可能是重要的原因，并且与第二句重复，想象自己这样的作文我也能写，不过，得不了这么多分。遗憾，这篇蓝色多是因为提醒大家抓住得分点。下面是胡老师改写得文章：（第六篇背诵文章）Loveisoneofourfavoritetopictoday.ThisistruenotonlyinChinabutalsoinothercountries.Weliveindifferentcountriesandspeakdifferentlanguages,butloveissomethingcommontousall.Thepicturetellsusasimpletruth:loveislikealampwhichshinesmostbrightlyindarkplaces.Loveismostvaluablewhenitismostneeded.Forexample,onceIsawaforeignladygetlostinthestreet.ShecouldnotspeakChineseandnobodyseemedtobeabletohelpher.Though

21myEnglishisnotverygoodandIamashyperson,Ithoughtsheneededhelpdesperately（绝望地）.Iaskedherwhatshewanted.Shetoldmeshelostherway,soIshowedherthewaytoherhotel.Itwasasmallthingbutshethankedmeverymuch（/alot）becausemyhelpwasneededgreatly.Therefore（很关键的衔接词，连接上下文）,Myhelpwaslikealampinadarkplace.Ithinkweallshouldbelikealampinadarkplace,showingourlove,givingourhelptoothers,eventostrangers.Onlyinthiswaycanwemakethisworldaharmoniousandpeacefulone.由以上两篇文章我们可以看出，当你想举多个例子是如第一篇，你就要高度的浓缩，提炼，然后用一句话概括，而要举一个例子时，就需要细化，但无论那种情况前面都要有一个主题句，后面都要有一个概括性的句子锁定全文。注意：类比以下文章，胡敏写的，9句话写了242字。我们要牢记：1.文章全是复杂句子，基本上拿不到高分。2.全是简单句子，也不行。因为这是考试，考你的英语面掌握的宽度。简单的，复杂的你要都会，句型多变化。背诵之第七篇文章：Whenweusetheword"love"wedonotsimplymeananattractiontoapersonoftheoppositesex,whichisaverynarrowdefinitionoftheword.Thepicturebelowillustratestherealmeaningoflove,bystressingthefactthatloveisemotionalstrength,whichcansupportusnomatterhowdarktheworldaroundusbecomes.Infact,throughouthistorypeopleofmanydifferentcultureshaveregardedloveasthenoblestofhumanemotions.Asanexampleofthepoweroflove,weshouldrememberhowtheChinesepeopleofallnationalitiesrespondtothecalltohelpthevictimsofnaturaldisasterseveryyear.Althoughtheirincomesarestilllowbyinternationalstandards,peoplealloverthecountrydonothesitatetodonatewhatevertheycan-beitmoneyorgoods-tohelptheirneedyfellowcitizens.Moreover,theydothiswithnothoughtofgainforthemselves.Inmyopinion,thebestwaytoshowloveistohelppeoplewhoaremoreunfortunatethanweare.Weshouldalwaysbereadytogiveahelpinghandtothosewhoareintrouble,nomatterwhethertheyarefamilymembersorcompletestrangers.Inthisway,wecanhelptomaketheworldabetterplace,for,asthepictureshows,thedarkertheshadowsofsorrowbecome,themorebrightlythelampofloveshines.◎◎图表作文◎◎

2297年命题不成功，99年是经典题型，是发展的阶段粗线条描述；原因，每点拓展一下；措施建议99年作文Directions:A.Studythefollowinggraphscarefullyandwriteanessayinatleast150words.B.YouressaymustbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEETII.C.Youressayshouldcoverthesethreepoints:1.effectofthecountry*sgrowinghumanpopulationonitswildlife（描述图表，相当于现状，粗线条的描写，不要深入细致的描述）2.possiblereasonfortheeffect3.yoursuggestionforwildlifeprotectionTHEUPSANDDOWNSOFPOPULATIONGROWTH满分例文15句话205词（背诵之第八篇文章）Fromthesegraphs,wecandrawaconclusionthat,withthegrowthofhumanpopulation,thenumberofspecieshasdecreasedrapidly（dramatically）inAmerica,andsomespecieshaveevenvanishedfromourplanet.33Whydoesthisphenomenonappear?Ithinkthereareseveralpossiblereasonsforthis.First,witharapidgrowthofpopulation（/asthehumanpopulationexpands改变了结构在flash中胡老师终于讲错了，expense应该是expand：扩张，膨胀），moreandmorepeoplecameto（逐渐开始）livewheresomewildspecieshavebeenliving.Thenthesespecieshavetomovetootherplaces.Someofthemprobablycannotadaptlothenewenvironmentanddie.Second,althoughmanypeoplelookonthewildlifeastheirfriends,somepeoplemaynotthinkso.Theycatchalotofwildanimalsandselltheminordertogetmoremoney.Third,withthedevelopmentofindustry,thenaturalbalanceandtheecologicalenvironment（生态环境）aredestroyed.Thedeforestation（采伐森林）hasbecomemoreandmoreserious.①

23（锁定这一段，连接手段，必须有）someofthewildlivesbecomehomelessandextinct.123Inordertoprotectthewildlife,Ihavesomesuggestions.First,thegovernmentsshouldmakelawstopreventthemfrombeingcaughtandkilled.Second,thegovernmentsshouldeducatepeopletolovenatureandprotectit.Third,asfbrourselves,weshouldtakepracticalactionstoprotectourlivingenvironment.49Wehavecometotheimportanceof…我们开始意识到...的重要性范文三（背诵的第九篇文章）胡老师写的作文，目的在于突出写作的语言意识，即通过语言得分，而不是内容本身。在写一些文章时，不可避免的会有一些核心概念。如人口增长、野生动物、灭绝、构成危险…要避免重复ThetwochartsshowthattheincreaseintheU.S.populationhasbeenaccompaniedbyacorrespondingdeclineinthenumberofwildlifespecies.Fartoomanyspecieshavebeenlostalready.Thisposesadangerlvtheecologicalbalance.Asthehumanpopulationexpands,moreandmorewildanimalsarehuntedforfood,orbecausetheyarethoughttopresentathreattoman.Butstudiesshowthatoneoftheprimarycausesofthedisappearanceofwildlifeispollution,whichisoneoftheconsequencesofpopulationgrowthandeconomicdevelopment.Thismakesuswonderifmanisabletosharethisplanetinharmonywithotherlifeforms.Inmyopinion,itisimperative（迫切的）totakestepstoreversethedisturbing（令人困惑的）trendillustratedinthecharts.Onemeasurewouldbetoforbidthebuildingofcitiesinareaswherewildlifeisthreatenedwithextinction.But,moreimDortantly,manmustlearntostoppollutingtheenvironment,orhehimselfwillbecomeextinct.分析：Thetwocharts....increaseintheU.S.populationhasbeenaccompanied...correspondingdeclineFartoomany太多的specieshavebeenlostalready被动语态表明立场Thisposesadangerto被构成危险Asthehumanpopulationexpands,moreandmorewildanimalsarehuntedforfood...orbecause...theyarethoughtto...presentathreatto...butstudiesshowthatoneoftheprimarycauses...disappearancethismakesuswonder...otherlifeforms与其他生命方式inharmony和睦相处sharethisplanet共享这个星球

24Inmyopinion,itisimperativeto迫切的Inmyopinion,itisimperativetotakesteptoreversethedisturbingtrendillustratedinthecharts.Onemeasurewouldbetoforbidthebuildingofcitiesinareaswherewildlifeisthreatenedwithextinction.But,moreimportantly,manmustlearntostoppollutingtheenvironment,orhehimselfwillbecomeextinct.reverse(a.)相反的(v.)逆转过来disturbing令人困惑的illustratedinthechartsOnemeasurewouldbeto...But.moreimportantly,forbidextinctionstoppollutingtheenvironmentor表示否则1、人口增长了几次？...theincreaseintheU.S.populationAsthehumanpopulationexpands......populationgrowth...2、野生动物。...wildlifespecies......species......wildanimals......wildlife......otherlifeforms......wildlife....3、野生动物的消亡、灭绝...havebeenlostalready......disappearanceofwildlife......extinction....becomeextinct.4、构成危险。...posesadangerto......presentathreadto......isthreatenedwith...范文十一（背诵之第十篇）

25范文H■一：StatisticsinPeople'sDailyExpensesinXi'anYear19951996199719981999Food66%61%48%41%36%Clothing9%10%12%15%18%Recreation4%5%8%9%11%Others21%24%32%35%35%Total100%100%100%100%100%Whatisshowninthetableaboveindicatesthatdramaticchangeshavetakenplaceinthepeople'sdailyexpensesinXi*anfrom1995to1999.Theexpensesonfoodhavedeclinedby30%whilethoseonclothingandrecreationhaveincreasedrespectivelyby9%and7%.Thestatisticsofriseandfallseemtoexistinisolationbutcloselyrelatedtooneanother.Therearetwofactorsaccountingforthesechanges.Developmentineconomyisanessentialoneinthefiveyears.Theincreasedincomeresultingfromeconomicgrowthplaysanimportantpartinthelessexpenseonfood.Hence,asmallpercentageoftotalincomeisenoughtocoverfoodexpense.Anotheroneisthechangesinlifestyle.Whenfoodpresentsnoworrytotheaverage,peoplebegintofbcusmoreofinterestonhandsomeappearanceandhappyleisuretime.Asaresultofsuchashift,spendingonclothingandrecreationincreasesyearafteryear.Fromtheanalysesmadeabove,wemaycomelotheconclusionthatpeople'slivingstandardsinXi'anhavebeenconstantlyimprovedbetween1995and1999.Withthefurthergrowthineconomyandmorechangesinlifestyle,thetendencyindicatedinthetabicwillcontinueinihcbellcrdircclion.提纲：（这篇题没给），避免惯性思维，提纲与过去不同1.描述图表，现状2.原因3.预测未来（如果好的方面,则预测未来；如果是坏的方面，最后提出建议）目的：经典的十大段落是排列组合，产生新的段落的。好的东西，最后一段可能要预测。现状一一原因一一预测未来（好的东西）一一建议、措施（不好的东西）语言句式非常清晰。分析：第一段Whatisshowninthetableaboveindicatesthatdramaticchangeshavetakenplacein...

26...from...to.Theexpensesonfoodhavedeclinedby30%whilethoseonclothingandrecreationhaveincreasedrespectivelyby9%and7%.Thestatisticsofriseandfallseemtoexistinisolationbutcloselyrelatedtooneanother.（虽然引用了若干数字但仍为粗线条描述，因为原文的数字实在是太多了）...declinedby......while...（表对比）...increasedrespectivelyby...Thestatisticsofriseandfallseemtoexistinisolationbutcloselyrelatedtooneanother;第二段Therearetwofactorsaccountingfor...（还有占百分之多少的意思）...resultingfrom...由于而产生的，形成的结果在前，原因在后resultingin表结果在后，原因在前...playsanimportantpartin...Anotheroneis...（避免了机械的承接词firstsecond…写文章特别要注意文章的衔接）Asaresultofsuchashift...（这种变化的结果…）...increasesyearafteryear.第三段Formtheanalysesmadeabove,wemaycometoconclusionthat......thetendencyindicatedinthetablewillcontinueinthebetterdirection.作业：范文一：情景+提纲+图表范文六、七、12范文一

27最新大纲样题：Directions:Widespreadtobaccoconsumptionhasledtograveconsequences,yetthetobaccocompaniesstillclaimthattheymakeavalbuablecontributiontotheworldeconomy.Thereisadiscussioninanewspaperontheabovetwoviewpoints.Writeanessaytothenewspaper1)criticizingtheirviewand2)justifyyourstand.Inyouressay,makefulluseoftheinformationprovidedinthepidcturesprintedbelow.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsonANSWERSHEET2.世界烟草堂产量世界吸姻人口比例14364亿磅19941993世界人口58亿.其制0民约II亿.约占20%世界每年吸烟损失2000亿美元300万人Themajorityofpeoplewouldagreethatcigarettesmokinghascausedseriousproblems.Butthetobaccocompaniesinsistthattheycontributegreatlytotheworldeconomybypayingtaxestothegovernmentandemployinghundredsofworkers.Personally,1believethatcigaretteproductionandconsumptionthreatenstodomoreharmthangood.Firstly,smokingisresponsibleformanyfataldiseasessuchaslungcancer,heartdiseasesandsoon.Accordingtothesurvey,tobaccoconsumersaccountforabout20%oftheworldpopulation,andamongthem,threemillionpeoplediefromsmoking-relateddiseaseseveryyear.Thefactthattheoutputoftobaccoproductionisreducedfrom143.64billionpoundsin1994to142billionpoundsin1995alsosuggeststhatpeoplehavecometorealizethenegativeeffectsofsmoking.Secondly,tobaccoconsumptionisextremelywasteful

28ofmoney.Asisindicatedinthepictures,200billionUSdollarsislostduetosmokingeachyear.Obviously,thetotallossofmoneyaroundtheglobesubstantiallyexceedsthegainintheindustry.Inconclusion,astheeconomicdevelopmentaimsatmakingourlifebetter,wecannotsacrificeourhealthforshort-termfinancialbenefits.Ifwehavetospendmoreandmoremoneyprovidingmedicalservicesfbrthosewhosufferfromsmoking-relatedillnesses,thenotionofpromotingeconomyviatobaccoproductionisnotjustifiable.Itishightimethatwefoughtforthetotaltobaccoban.经典图表作文一、描述图表：注意粗线条的描述，写出趋势、结论性的东西不要写什么数据之类的东西，也不要写的太长二、分析背后的原因：为什么是图表上的这种趋势。且没讲一点应该拓展一下。这三点是透过现象看本质三、建议、措施，讲到两点就可以了，多了也没有必要◎◎图表作文的变体◎◎32.7、$8447naUkjn)

29A.Writeanessaythatconveystheinformationinthefollowingchart（/graph/picture/drawing/cartoon）accompaniedbyyourcomments.（1信息（具体的描述〉2对信息的看法一一“猴子原则”）B.Timelimit:40minutesC.Wordlimit:nolessthan150words写法：第一段：依然是粗线条的描述1、信息2、对信息的看法（必须具体的描述）第二段：进行深入细致的描述（对大家提出的要求是“图表语言”，所以我们要准备大量的图表语言来应付）第三段：发表个人的看法写法：第1种分析背后的原因第2种对图表可能的发展趋势，发表个人的看法第3种一般性的评论（原因、趋势），杂论，杂议（混杂在一起）◎◎重中之重：情景+提纲+图表。©最新大纲样题（2001年）：情景+提纲+图表*图表语言*出典噤制人ntK»i珏界人口三8亿，封中熔氏.t*i11亿.致占2CX世K13舁05«损大Directions:Widespreadtobaccoconsumptionhasledtograveconsequences,yetthetobaccocompaniesstillclaimthattheymakeavaluablecontributiontotheworldeconomy.Thereisadiscussioninanewspaperontheabovetwoviewpoints.Writeanessay（包含评论,议论）tothenewspaper1）criticizing（评论，不一定是批评）theirviewand

301）justifyyourstand.（必须有自己的立场）Inyouressay,makefulluseoftheinformationprovidedinthepicturesprintedbelow.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsonANSWERSHEET2.分析：看到tricknotice:把图看懂，图的导向是什么，以此明确你的立场。不能站在烟草公司那边，要写烟草消费导致严重后果，但如果依然没有图表语言，你依然得不到分数。情景+提纲+图表（这种题比较科学而公平）1.这种题型考的是科研能力。要会观察现象、看数据，会分析里面的规律性的东西2.考论证的能力。这种题的观点是来自数据、图表本身；规律性的东西一一观点；数据性的东西一一论证支持。3.图表本身暗示着作者的立场。（实际上你是没有选择的，选择错了就哭吧）4.一切的一切来源于图表。（你完全失去了自由，比较客观）既考科研能力；又考语言能力。（类似于雅思考试）范文一：（背诵之第十一篇）Themajorityofpeoplewouldagreethatcigarettesmokinghascausedseriousproblems.Butthetobaccocompaniesinsist（坚持主张）thattheycontributegreatlytotheworldeconomybypayingtaxestothegovernmentandemployinghundredsofworkers.Personally,Ibelievethatcigaretteproductionandconsumptionthreatenstodomoreharmthangood.Firstly,smokingisresponsiblefor（是造成什么的原因）manyfataldiseasessuchaslungcancer,heartdiseasesandsoon.Accordingtothesurvey,tobaccoconsumersaccountforabout20%oftheworldpopulation,andamongthem,threemillionpeoplediefromsmoking-relateddiseaseseveryyear.Thefactthattheoutputoftobaccoproductionisreducedfrom143.64billionpoundsin1994to142billionpoundsin1995alsosuggeststhatpeoplehavecometorealizethenegativeeffectsofsmoking.Secondly,tobaccoconsumptionisextremelywastefulofmoney.Asisindicatedinthepictures,200billionUSdollarsislostduetosmokingeachyear.Obviously,thetotallossofmoneyaroundtheglobesubstantiallyexceeds（大大超过）thegainintheindustry.Inconclusion,astheeconomicdevelopmentaimsatmakingourlifebetter,wecannotsacrificeourhealthfbrshort-termfinancialbenefits.Ifwehavetospendmoreandmoremoneyprovidingmedicalservicesforthosewhosufferfromsmoking-relatedillnesses,thenotionofpromotingeconomyviatobaccoproductioniseotjustifiable.Itishightimethatwefoughtforthetotaltobaccoban.分析：第一段：Themajorityofpeoplewouldagreethat...bypayingtaxestothegovernmentandemployinghundredsofworks.当它的情景部分是两个观点，而图表本身又暗示了一个观点，在第一段要点击对方的观点，但是绝对不展开。也不要写的太长。）第二段：Personally,1believethat...

31...threatenstodomoreharmthangood（来源于课文bigdams）,任何一个句子都要有句子结构作支持，要找到来源。Firstly,isresponsiblefor...是造成的原因，（比cause地道）Accordingtothesurvey（Zdiagram）,accountfor占几分之几andamongthemThefact...alsosuggeststhat...在这幅画里面有三个人，每一个人都在作不同的事情这一事实，证明大家齐心协力是与土壤侵蚀作斗争获得成功的关键。isreducedfrom...to...Havecometorealize...（逐渐意识到）thenegativeeffectsofsmokingAsisindicatedinthepicture（Accordingtothesurvey）substantiallyexceeds大大超过thegainintheindustryessay:*观点全部来自于数据*,先把图看清楚，数据给你带来思考。但是，表层结构写出来时，思考就变成了观点，数据就变成论证。对你的特殊要求：图表语言第三段：Inconclusion总而言之Aimat目标是thenotionof...isnotjustifiable这个观点是站不住脚的，所以最后一段的写作技巧是通过再次贬低对方来抬高自己。给予其观点于重拳出击。Itishightimethat早就该了第一段和最后一段前后呼应，第一段的退是为了第二段的进，最后一段再一次的反击你。范文二十五：（参看19、20、23、24、27五篇）Directions:A.Writeanessaydiscussing（讨论）thetwooppositeopinionsgivenbelow,givebothsomereasons,andmakeyourcommentsorsuggestions.TherearetwomainopinionsconcerningthedevelopmentofprivatecarsinChina:Onemaintainsthattheirfreedevelopmentshouldbeencouraged,whiletheotherarguesthatitmustbesternlyrestricted.B.Timelimit:40minutesC.Wordlimit:about200wordsD.YouressaymustbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEETII.

32（第十二篇之背诵范文）ShouldthedevelopmentofprivatecarsbeencouragedorrestrictedinChina?Tojudgethisissue,weshouldlookatthreeaspects:Whataretheadvantagesofprivatecars;whataretheirdisadvantages;andisChinareadyforthefreedevelopmentofprivatecars?Firstofall,theprivatecarisasymboloffreedom.Itenablesanindividualorafamilytotravelanywhereandatanytime,withoutrelyingonpublictransport.Itisconvenientforshoppingandtransportingchildrentoandfromschool.Moreover,inthecaseofillness,itcancarryitsownerorothersickpersontohospitalwithoutdelay.However,toomanyprivatecarscanleadtotrafficjams,thusslowingdownlifeandworkratherthanspeedingitup.Inaddition,automobilesaremajorpollutersoftheatmosphere.And,lastbutnotleast,themorecarsthereareontheroads,themoretrafficaccidentsoccur.ItseemstomethatChina,atitspresentstageofdevelopment,shouldrestrictthenumberofprivatecars.Foronething,itwouldbeawasteofresourcestobuildahugeautomobileindustryatatimewhenonlyafewpeoplecanaffordtobuycars.Foranother,thecountrymustfirstbringpollutionundercontrolbeforeaddingtotheproblemwithmorecars.分析：ShouldthedevelopmentofprivatecarsbeencouragedorrestrictedinChina?...Firstofall,theprivatecarisasymboloffreedom....However,loomanyprivatecarscanleadtotrafficjams,...ItseemstomethatChina,atitspresentstageofdevelopment,shouldrestrictthenumberofprivatescars....范文二十六（比较怪的一道题）图表作文的变体情景+提纲+图表Directions:A.Title:HowtoImproveOrReformOurCurrentCollegeEntranceExaminationSystem.B.Timelimit:40minutesC.Wordlimit:about200wordsD.YouressayshouldbewrittenclearlyonANSWERSHEETII.E.Youressayshouldbebasedontheinformationgivenbelow.目前我国高考竞争愈演愈烈。每年考生人数近300万，而录取率在40%以下，多数考生肯定要落选。这给考生、考生的家庭和学校，乃至整个社会，都造成了很大压力，引发了一些社会问题。此外，不同类型或特点的考生用同一模式和难度的试卷，有欠公允；三天的考试成绩便决定一个人的未来命运，亦不够合理。如何解决这些问题，改革现行的高考制度?我的意见是…。（马上看成三点：1现状2原因3建议措施）（背诵之第十三篇）参看28、29、30、31、32十大段落

33Statisticsshowthatnomorethan40%ofpeoplewhotakethecollegeentranceexamspass.Becauseacollegeeducationisregardedasthekeytoasuccessfulcareer,thisputsenormouspressureontheapplicants.Italsocausessocialproblems,asthosewhofailconsiderthattheyhavedisgracedtheirfamilies.Itseemstomethattheexamsareunfair,forthreereasons:First,applicantswithdifferentabilitiesarefacedwiththesametypeofexampaper,second,theresultsofamerethreedaysofexaminationaffecttheapplicant'swholefuture;andthird,applicantswhocanaffordprivatetutorsusuallyscorehighermarksthanthosewhoarepoorer,butperhapsmoreintelligent.Toimprovethesystemofcollegeentranceexams,Isuggestthefollowingsteps:theexampapersshouldbegradedtotakeintoaccountthedifferentlevelsofabilityandthedifferentbackgroundsoftheapplicants;inadditiontotheactualexam,acompleteassessmentoftheapplicantseducationalachievementsshouldbemade;andtutoringinexaminationtechniquesshouldbemadeavailabletoall.（背诵之第十四篇）Themantoremember（修正版）PerhapsthemostinterestingpersonIhaveevermetisanItalianprofessorofphilosophywhoteachesattheUniversityofPisa.AlthoughIlastmetthismaneightyearsago,Ihavenotforgottenhisspecialqualities.Firstofall,1wasimpressedfromthebeginningbyhisdevotiontoteaching.Becausehislectureswerealwayswell=preparedandclearlydelivered,studentsalwaysswarmedintohisclassroom.Hisfollowersalsoappreciatedthefactthathebelievedinwhathetaughtandthathewasalwaysstimulating.（弓|人入胜的）Furthermorehecouldbecountedonineveryclasssessiontoexplainhisideasinanimaginativeway,introducingsuchaidstostudentunderstandingasoilpaintings,phonographrecords,piecesofsculpture,andguestlecturers.Onceheevensangasonginclassinordertoillustrateapoint.Second,Iadmiredthefactthathewouldconferwithstudentsoutsideoftheclassroomortalkwiththemonthetelephone.Drinkingcoffeeinthesnackbar,hewouldeasilymakefriendswithstudents.Sometimeshewouldchallengeastudenttojoinwithhimagameofchess.Atothertimes,hewouldquitereadilyjoingroupstodiscusssubjectsrangingfromastronomytoscubadiving.Manyyoungpeoplevisitedhiminhisofficeforacademicadvice;otherscametohishomeforsocialevenings.Finally,Iwasimpressedandattractedbyhislivelywit.Hebelievedthatnoclasshourisasuccessunlessthestudentsandtheprofessorshareseveralchucklesandatleastoneloudlaugh.Throughhissenseofhumor,hemadelearningmuchmoreenjoyableandlasting.Ifitistruethatlifemakesawisemansmileandafoolishmancry,thenmyfriendistrulyawiseman.Probablythebestexampleofhiswitisthisideawithwhichheonceendedalecture：”Itisasdangerousformantomodelhimselfuponhisinvention,themachine,asitwouldbeforGodtomodel

34himselfuponHisinvention.”三.写作语言应用文：即书信看句型的原则：1、将句型对照中文翻译，是否能够看懂2、看懂后是否明白句法功能句型的学习方法：有时间看两三页不管用任何一种句型，同一类型的句子不需要掌握太多，比如原因，掌握两三个就可以了；要选择最有把握、最能消化的。重视语言的表达（实质性的涨分数）连续几十份的分数都是一样的，比如8分，你有闪光点，你的分数就高！Thereisagrowingconcernoverthestudentswhodon'tputloomuchemphasisonstudy.Somestudentsalwaysidleawaytheirtime,playingcards,drinking,gambling.Theseproblemsarereallyserious.Takingintoaccountallthesefactors,wecansafelycometotheconclusionthatthestudentswillwastemoretimeiftheydon'tmakegooduseofit.分析：句型：Thereisagrowingconcernover.…人们越来越担忧，学术性文章中人称是不怎么出现的如写成peopleareverymuchworriedabout…就得不到分了，不符合英美的表达习惯（文体不对）puttoomuchemphasison...idleawaytheirtime...'肖磨时'光句型：Takinginloaccounlallthesefactors,wecansafelycometoiheconclusionthat....（我们完全可以得出…结论，很地道）Asastudent,busyasIamwithmystudy,Ialsodomanyinterestingthingssuchasreadingnovels,writingarticlesatthetwo-dayweekend.AllworktonlaymakesJackadullboy.Ifsreallytrue!...busyasIamwithmystudy...（=althoughIambusywithmystudy得彳、至！I分）AllworknoplaymakesJackadullboy.只工作，不玩耍，聪明的孩子也变傻。这些词句就向沙漠中的金子闪闪发光，不能不使阅卷人感到欣喜。实际上，所谓的金子无非是语言的variety,即用词的变化，用句的变化，就语言而论不存在那个词好，那个词不好，那个句子好，那个句子不好的说法。所谓语言漂亮是指语言的变化。具体现下：词汇第一位，语法第二位。词汇：1、词汇的宽度；即词汇的面，多变化，一定不能出现重复的词。2、词汇的难度。基础差的同学得分：词汇的难度可能作不到，但词汇的宽度可以贯彻写作意识。（不要

35出现，整篇文章统计下来只有三十多个生词，这是最忌讳的。第一档：没有词汇概念第二档：有意识的换掉重复的词第三档：挑战词汇的难度可能丢分点句子结构：（语法）1、句子结构的精确性，克服最刺眼的错误；preciseness2、句子结构的复杂性complexa.句型的开端多变化（种种方式）b包含从句（状语从句，定语从句，同位语从句，非谓语动词等）第一档：没有语法概念，低级错误一大堆第二档：句子结构没有什么错误，但多为简单句第三档：努力做复杂句子结构，学会用句式去包装不要想到“使"就是make；要用“不但…而且…”就是notonly...butalso…甚至出现MoreandmorepeoplewhobecomemoreandmorerichcanbuymoreandmoreTV这样的句子。这样用就死定了，所以千万不要去用，moreandmore,或somepeoplethinks要改变语言缺乏这一毛病，就要平时积累对同一意思的不同表达法，在写作时善于变化，以下句子均没有任何错误，但b句的表达比a句更优秀。这就是实质性的涨分数如要表示“使”不要仅靠make;社会拒绝给妇女以平等的权利。a）Thissocietystillmakeswomenunabletoenjoyequalrights.b）Womenarestilldeniedequalrights.Deny否认，拒绝给某人什么东西这件小事情使我想起了过去的一段经历。a)Theincidentmademerecalloneofmypastexperiences.

36a)Theincidentremainedmeofoneofmypastexperiences.如要表达“越来越”，不要只使用moreandmore：a)MoreandmorestudentsfindlearningEnglishhasbecomemoreandmoredifficult.b)Studentsingrowingnumbersfindlearninghasbecomeincreasinglydifficult.a)Moreandmoreteenagerssmokecigarettesinrecentyears.c)Teenagesmokingisontheriseinrecentyears.随着经济的发展，需要越来越多的老师a)Moreandmoreteachersaredemandedwiththedevelopmentofeconomy.b)Thereisanincreasingdemandforteacherswiththedevelopmentofeconomy.如要表达“大多数”。不要一味用most：a)Moststudenttakeapart-timejobafterclass.b)Thevaslmajorilyofsludcnlstakeapart-timejobafterclass.a)Mostpeopletakepartinsportsofdifferentkinds.b)Theconsiderableproportionofpeopletakepartinsportsofdifferentkinds.Considerable相当大的，proportion比例a)Mostcollegestudentstakeanegativeattitudetowardssmoking.b)Thelargepercenlageofcollegepopulationtakeanegativeattitudetowardssmoking.如要用”不仅而且”不要只用notonly...bulalso：a)Thefactorsforariseinteenagesmokingarenotonlysocialbutalsopsychological.(什么方面在增长的因素)b)Thefactorsforariseinteenagesmokingarepsychologicalaswellassocial.a)Takingapart-timejobcannotearnalittlemoney,butalsohaveanopportunitytocontactwithsociety.b)Takingapart-timejobmeansalittlemoneyyoucanearn.Italsomeansanopportunitytocontactwithsociety.干什么不仅仅意味着什么meansmorethana)Oldpeoplegotoparknotonlytodoexercisebulalsotomakefriends.b)Oldpeoplegotoparkasmuchforcompanionshipasforexercise.利于弊：aplusoraminus,blessingoracurse,strengthensandweaknesses

37缺点：drawback都要比：advantage和disadvantage好TV:ABlessingoracurse（利或弊）aplusoraminus>meritsanddemerits>strengthesandweaknessdrawback（缺点）一篇作文的主体段如下：Asisoftenpointedout,televisionkeepsonebetterinformedaboutthecurrentevents,allowonetofollowthelatestdevelopmentsinpoliticsandscience,andoffersendlessseriesofprogrammerswhicharebothinstructiveandscience,andoffersendlessseriesofprogrammerswhicharebothinstructiveandstimulating.Themostdistantcountries,thestrangestcustomsandattractivescenesofnaturearebroughtrightintoone'sroom.Yethereagain,thereisdanger.ThemainproblemwithTVhasbeenitsnegativeeffectonpeopleingeneral.Forexample,rubbishycommercialsandharmfulprogramscontributingtotheriseinviolenceandcrimeinthestreets.正是这种变化，给文章带来了活力，使文章变得生动，耐读。比如一篇谈论好学生的文章，肯定会多次谈到“好学生”，在文章中，变化使用：brilliantstudents,topstudents,outstandingboyandgirls,studentsofhighability要比一味说goodstudents,给人更多的美感。makeefforts=make（exert/devote/direct）untiring（painstaking/concerted齐心协力的/consistent坚持不懈的/tremendous/persistent/sustained）efforts但后者会毫无疑问的得到更多的分数。WatchingtoomuchTVisharmfultooureyesight=Heavyexposure（接触、暴露、曝光）toTVwillproduceharmfuleffectoneyesight.TheprogressIhavemadesurpriseme.Thisleadsmetotheconclusionthatmoneydoesn'tmeaneverything.所以，我们提倡在写作考试中大胆的运用一些较难的词汇，即使有点错，立地有点不稳，但还是要比难度系数不高，下地四平八稳得的分数高。语言要有层次感以下a）句显得不很简练，b）就是真正的简练，但有不流于简单a）TheprogressIhavemademakesmesurprised.b）TheprogressIhavemadesurprisesme.（简练）a）Thismakesmeconcludethatmoneydoesn'tmeaneverything.b）Thisleadsmetotheconclusionthatmoneydoesn'tmeaneverything.当发现追求一一对应，而找不到对应词时，说出意思就可以了。2、句型的变化例八ThecareerIpursue的主体段Avarietyofreasonshaveledmetochoosethisoccupationoverothermorelucrativeones.First,teachingislearning.Tomakemylecturesmoreinteresting,Ihavetoreadingmorebooks,explorenewknowledgeandgainabetterunderstandingoftheworld-theverythingIliketodo

38inmylife.Second,teachingmeansfreedom.Asateacher,Icanfreelyexpressmyopinionsandexplaintheminmyownwaysincenobodywillinterferewithme.Finally,Iliketeachingbecauseitoffersacertainpeaceofmind.Nomorerushingtocatchingamorningbus,nomoreanxietytopleaseaboss,andnomoreworriesaboutbeinglaidoffbecauseyouaregettingold.分析：句型：AvarietyofreasonshaveledmetochooseAoverB0只要利用一部分就可以了，Avarietyofreasonshaveledmetodosomethingo文中有4个词的短句First,teachingislearning.也有27个词的长句Tomakemylecturesmoreinteresting,Ihavetoreadmorebooks,explorenewknowledgeandgainabetterunderstandingoftheworld一theverythingIliketodoinmylife.有简单句，也有复杂。Asateacher,Icanfreelyexpressmyopinionsandexplaintheminmyownwaysincenobodywillinterferewithme;还有同位语句，断裂句，排比句，比较句等，因而文章读起来节奏感强.所谓句子变化，主要是指句子的开头要有变化（主语开头，介词短语开头，状语从句开头，代词或形式主语开头等等，总之，要开头变化多端），句子的结构要有变化,包子的长度要有变化。运用的手法：这些都是相通的，不管考什么。1、不要连续使用几个简单句，要学会使用复杂句a）Teenagersarepressuredbyschoolwork.Theyarealsoencouragedbytheirpeers.Undersuchcircumstances,theyresorttosmoking.Butsometimestheyfeelalittleguilty.（尽管很漂亮，但是考研是不行的，高考还可以）b）Pressuredbyschoolworkandencouragedbytheirpeers,teenagersoftenresorttosmoking,thoughttheyfeelalittleguiltysometimes.（非谓语形式作为开端，增加了句子结构的复杂性）下面的是顶级的复杂句：a）Collegestudentsnowareprimarilyinterestedingradesandeconomicsuccess.Theyareexpectedtocheatonexamsmorefrequently.Thisisnotlikethosewhograduated10yearsago.Theyareonlyconcernedwiththeirownpersonalfuture.Theyconsiderlittleproblemsofthesociety.Allthesearereportedbyarecentstudy.b）Arecentstudyreportsthatcollegestudentsnowareprimaryinterestedingradesandeconomicsuccess,thattheyareexpectedtocheatonexamsmorefrequentlythanthosewhograduated10yearsago,andihattheyaremoreconcernedwiththeirownpersonalfuturethanwithproblemsofsociety.英语表达的突破：第一，你看明白了；第二，在那里停留片刻，意识到它的独特之处；第三，在写文章的时候去用它。

39这样就变成了你自己的英语。2、不要总是以有生命的名词和人称代词开头a)ManypeoplethinkbirthcontrolisquitenecessaryinChina.b)Itiswidely(commonly)thought/believed/held/accepted)thatbirthcontrolisquitenecessaryinChina.a)Moreandmorepeopleagree(realize/areaware)thatwomenshouldenjoyfullequalitywithmen.b)Thereisagrowingagreement(realization/awareness)thatwomenshouldenjoyfullequalitywithmen.a)ManyChinesepeoplehavegonetotheU.S.inthepast15years.b)Thepesl15yearshavebroughtmanyChinesepeopletotheU.S..(9月11号witnessed(shown/seen)thecollapse1949sawthefoundingof…见证了…)a)Wealmostforgetthisevent.b)Thiseventisnowalmostfadingfromourmemory.(逐渐消退)a)Studentsshouldcertainlymakecontinuousefforts.(教训人的味道)b)Continuouseffortsonihepartofstudentsarecertainlyrequired.onthepartof=ofa)Weeasilydrewtheconclusionthroughtheinvestigation.b)Theinvestigationeasilyledustotheconclusion.3、不要千篇一律的使用主动态a)Wemaythinkmoreoftheelderlywholiveapartfromtheirchildren.b)Morethoughtsmaybegiventotheelderlywholiveapartfromtheirchildren.这里一定要加一s4、不要总是用if\because\then这样的句子，口语味道太浓，要注意使用书面英语。a)Ifyoucomparebicycleswithcarscarefully,youwillfindbicyclesaresuperiortocars.b)Carefulcomparisonofbicycleswithcarswillshowthesuperiorityoftheformeroverthelatter.(作为单词来记)a)Ifweonlyapplybookknowledge,wewillnotgetgoodresults.b)Theapplicationofbookknowledgealonewon'tbringyougoodresults.a)Ifwecanbetterunderstandthegreaterpressureofpopulationgrowth,wewillhaveacorrect

40attitudetowardsfamilyplanning.a)Abetterunderstandingofthegreaterpressureofpopulationgrowthisessentialtoacorrectattitudetowardsfamilyplanning.(套话)如果你能够理解的更深刻，你就会对什么持正确的态度。a)Whenawomanseesthatsheisgoingtobelaidoff,shebeginstoworryalldayandnight.b)Themereprospectoflay-offwouldsetawomantoworryalldayandnight.5、不要对动词过分依赖，要学会用名词结构来表达意思。一个句子中出现过多的动词是不合适的。a)Thestyleoflivinghasbecomemoreandmorepopularandacceptedbymoreandmoreandmoreyoungpeople.b)Thestyleoflivinggasfounditsgrowingpopularityandacceptanceamongyoungpeople.a)Itistimeforustoreviseeducationalsystemandthenprovideittooursociety.b)Itistimeforustoprovideoursocietyarevisededucationalsystem.a)IfwearewatchingtoomuchTV,ourreadingabilitywillbeseriouslyaffected.b)HeavyexposuretoTVwillexertannegativeeffectonoutreadingability.a)Ifwedon'trecognizetheseriousproblemofgrowingpopulation,wewillmakeabigmistake.b)Failuretorecognizetheseriousnessofgrowingpopulationwillleadtoabigmistake.6、不要总是用肯定句来表达，要学会用否定句来表达肯定的意思。即双重否定=肯定a)Everyyoungboyandgirlwantstoearnalittlemoneytohelpcoverhighercollegecost.b)Thereishardlyayoungboyandgirlwhodoesn'twanttoearnalittlemoneytohelpcoverhighercollegecost.a)Wheneveryoupickupanewspaper,youwillalwaysfindadvertisements.b)Itisimpossibletopickupanewspaperwithoutfindingadvertisements.a)Gatheringaroundandlisteningtomotherorfatherreadagoodstoryisthebestpastimestobringafamilyclosertogether.b)Fewpastimesbringafamilyclosertogetherthangatheringaroundandlisteningtomotherorfatherreadagoodstory.a)Foodisthemostbasicissuetoindividualandnationalsurvival,b)Noissueisasbasicto

41individualandnationalsurvivalasfood.7、恰当使用排比、平行句(有修辞效果，一次作文最多用一次)a)1aminfavorofequalrightsforwomen.Ithinkwomenshouldespeciallyhavetherighttocompetewithmenforjobsonequalterms.Theyshouldgetthesamepayasmenforthesamejob.Theyshouldalsohaveequalopportunitiesforpromotion.b)1aminfavorofequalrightsforwomen,especiallytherighttocompetewithmenforjobsonequalterms,therighttogetthesamepayasmenfbrthesamejob,andtherighttoequalopportunitiesforpromotion.a)Thenationwidecontroversyoverthecurrentreformswilltestthecourageofourpeople.Thoughthecontroversywecanalsoseethedeterminationofourgovernment.b)Thenationwidecontroversyoverthecurrentreformswilltestthecourageofourpeopleandthedeterminationofourgovernment.没有问题+与众不同范文：Amantoremember(难忘的人)原版(有相当多的多余地方)不要太集中的看。每次看三五个。PerhapsthemostinterestingpersonIhaveevermetisan(interesting)Italianprofessorofphilosophywhoteaches(courses)attheUniversityofPisa(inItaly).AlthoughIlastmetthismaneightyearsago,Ihavenotforgotten(overthelongyears)hisspecialqualities.Firstofall,Iwasimpressedfromthebeginningbyhis(complete)devotiontoteaching(hisstudents).Becausehislectureswerealwayswell-preparedand(invariably)clearlydelivered,(agreatmany)studentsalwaysswarmedintohisclassroom,(fillingtheclassroomtocapacity).His(many)followersalsoappreciatedthefactthathe(thoroughly)believedinwhathetaught(tostudents)andthathewasalways(intellectually)stimulating(tohear).Furthermorehecouldbecountedon(指望)ineveryclasssessiontoexplainhisideasinanimaginativeway,introducingsuch(various)aidstostudentunderstandingasoilpaintings,phonographrecords,piecesofsculpture,andguestlecturers(whowereinvitedtospeaktotheclass).Onceheevensangasonginclass(beforethestudents'eyes)inordertoillustratea(philosophical)point.Second,Iadmiredthefactthathewouldconferwithstudents(atalmostanytime)outsideoftheclassroomortalkwiththemonthetelephone.Drinkingcoffeeinthesnackbar(afterhavingtaughtaclass),hewouldeasilymakefriendswithstudents(withgreatease).Sometimeshewould(issuea)challenge(to)astudenttojoinwithhiminagameofchess.Atothertimes,hewouldquitereadilyjoingroups(ofstudents)todiscusssubjectsranging(broadly)fromastronomytoscubadiving.Manyyoungpeoplevisitedhim(atonetimeoranother)inhisofficeforacademicadvice;otherscametohishomeforthe(purposeof)socialevenings.Finally,Iwas(favorably)impressedandattractedbyhislivelywit.Hebelievesthatnoclass

42hourisasuccessunless(duringit),thestudentsandtheprofessor(haveareasontojointogetherto)shareseveralchucklesandatleastoneloudlaugh.Throughhis(inimitableandcaptivating)senseofhumor,hemadelearning(muchmore)lasting.Ifitistrue,(asitseemstobe),thatlifemakesawisemansmileandafoolishmancry,thenmyfriendis(withoutquestion)trulyawiseman.Probablythebestexample(hecouldpossiblyhavegiventous)ofhiswitisthis(interesting)ideawithwhichheonceendedalecture:MItisasdangerousformantomodelhimselfuponhisinvention,themachine,asitwouldbeforGodtomodelhimselfuponhisinvention,themachine,asitwouldbeforGodtomodelhimselfuponHisinvention.*'自己回去后应该做的一、经典的5道题一一5周1、自己要写2、对照范文来研究，改写自己的文章二、十个经典段落三、教材一一“提防那些只读一本书的人”透、熟、活；一一“提防那些只读几篇文章的人”也就是说吃透一本书，读透几篇作文的可以应付一切胡敏的话：大家现在想的是考研，你也可能今后或者是出国之类的，不管你怎么说，不管你今后选择那一条道路，我觉得条条道路通罗马。你考不考的上研究生是无所谓的，你根本不要去想那个结果。OK?我觉的大家应该坦然一点，因为现在这个世界上机会是很多的，你不一定要通过考上研究生来实现你的梦想，你考不上一样可以成才，对不对，不要给自己过不去，给自己施加压力，任何时候你都应该阳光一点，对不对，你都要充满阳光，你不要把想的这个日子很灰暗，这个很要命。尤其是考研的日子靠的越近，大家就觉得日子越来越黑暗，黑暗的日子就要来临。考的上与考不上，考上一个有名的大学与考上一个非名牌的大学都无所谓，关键是在任何一个角落，都只有靠你自己。只有你自己才能创造一切，改变一切。我始终是这样一种心态：我想，每天早上醒来的时候阳光灿烂，外面空气新鲜，日子很美好，但是我一无所有，我要靠我自己的双手去创造明天，我以前都是这种心态，我随时准备失去一切，我随时准备去创造一切，每天晚上睡觉，才可以睡的安宁。对不对，那么还想说的一句话就是，希望大家要记住的就是：英语一定要学好。我试着拿现在新新人类的语言说一句说，尝试的说一说，阿，这个，如果你在当今这个社会想过的人模人样，你的英语必需学好，谢谢….以下所提供的议论文题目均出自教育部考试中心2002年版《全国硕士研究生入学英语考试分析》，胡敏老师提供，在网上有更新。Task1A.Title:PrivatecarB.Wordlimit:about200words(notincludingthegivenopeningsentence)C.Yourcompositionshouldbebasedontheoutlinebelowandshouldstartwiththegivenopeningsentence:uNowadaysanyChinesecanenjoytheluxuryofowningaprivatecar-ifhe

43canaffordit/*A.YourcompositionshouldbewrittenneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Outline:1)Advantagesofowningaprivatecar.2)Disadvantagesofowningaprivatecar.3)Shoulditbenecessarytoenlargetheprivatecarmarket?Whyorwhynot?Nowadays,anyChinesecanenjoytheluxuryofowningaprivatecar-ifheorshecanaffordit.Havingacarofyourownmeansnomoretravelingtoworkoncrowdedbusesorsubwaytrains,andyoucandropoffthechildrenatschoolontheway.Moreover,italsomeansthatyoucanenjoytheweekendsandholidaysbetter,becausewithacaryoucangotoplaceswheretheregularbusesandtrainsdonotgo,andsoyoucanfindaquietscenicspotwithnocrowds.However,therearedrawbackstoowningacar.Foronething,withtheincreaseincarownershipinrecentyears,theroadsarebecomingmoreandmorecrowded,oftenmakingthejourneytoworkmoreofanightmarethanadream.Foranother,itisnotcheaptorunacar,asthepricesofgasolineandrepairsareconstantlyrising,nottomentionthepricesyouhavetopayforalicenseandinsurancecoverage.Havingconsideredbothsidesoftheargument,Ihavecometotheconclusionthattheadvantagesofowningacaroutweighthedisadvantages.Therefore,itseemstomethatChinashouldincreaseitsoutputofautomobilesandenlargetheprivatecarmarket.Theresultwouldbethatcarswouldbecomecheaper,whileatthesametimetheextrademandwouldencouragetheautoindustrytoproducemoreefficientandfamily-orientedvehicles.Task2Assumingthatamanagerisgoingtointerviewsomejobapplicantsandoneofhisfriendsgiveshimapieceofadvicethatthefirstimpressionisnotareliablebasisforjudgment.Thismanagerwantstohearmorefromothersanddecidestohaveawallnewspaperputupformoreviewsonthattopic.Youaregoingtowriteanarticletoofferyouropinionaboutit.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2.Itiscommonlysaidthatone'sfirstimpressionofapersonisthemostimportantone,andthisiscertainlytruewhenappliedtojobinterviews.Thisisbecausethemanageroftenhastointerviewadozenormorecandidatesinthespaceofonlyoneortwohours,allottingnomorethanafewminutestoeach.Therefore,itisvitalfortheintervieweetomakethebestpossibleimpressiononhisprospectiveemployerduringtheinterview.However,themanagermustbeawarethatheisseeingonlythebestsideoftheprospectiveemployeeand,asthesayinggoes,appearancescanbedeceptive.Forinstance,thatsmartnewsuitthattheintervieweeiswearingmighthavebeenhiredfromatailorshop,orlenttohimbyhisbrother.Inaddition,thebriefinterviewdoesnotallowthemanagertoobservehowwell-or

44howbadly—theintervieweemightgetalongwithhisfuturecolleagues.Ontheotherhand,anintervieweemightgiveabadimpressionthroughnofaultofhisown.Itispossiblethathewokeupwithaheadachethatmorning,orarrivedlatefortheinterviewbecauseofatrafficjam.Themanagermustbealerttosuchaccidents,andnotjudgetheintervieweetooharshly.SoIthinkthat,althoughthefirstimpressioncountsforalot,theemployershouldfindoutsomebackgroundknowledgeabouttheintervieweebeforedecidingwhethertohirehimornot.Task3据权威机构调查显示,2001年,我国空调总产量为2500万台，而市场容量仅为1500万台。空调已经成为继VCD、彩电后又一个家电企业力拼的市场。于是空调厂家坐不住了，打折、送礼品，甚至出现了空调论斤卖的怪事。近日，空调企业又想出了新花样：举办空调流行趋势发布会。面临巨大的竞争压力，多数空调生产厂家都意识到了自己生存的危机，他们不得不推出新产品以占据消费市场。同时，许多空调大企业都声称他们不会去挑起空调价格战。但是，willtherebeanair-conditioner"pricebattle"thisyear?Thereisadiscussioninanewspaperontheissue.Writeanessaytothenewspaper1)givingabriefintroductiontotheissue,2)statingyourviewaboutthe"pricebattle'*,and3)justifyingyourprediction.Youshouldwriteabout200wordsneatlyonANSWERSHEET2WiththerapidadvancesinthestandardoflivingoftheChinesepeopleinrecentyears,air-conditionershavejoinedotherhouseholdelectricalappliancesasitemsingreatdemand.However,outputhasfarexceededsupply,asmanufacturershavescrambledforsalesinthisprofitablemarket.Asaresult,fiercecompetitionhasdriventhemtoresorttoallsortsofmeasurestopullaheadoftheirrivalsandavoidgoingbankrupt.Thesemeasuresincludeaggressiveadvertisingcampaigns,offeringafreegiftwitheverypurchaseofanair-conditioner,and—mostimportantofall-loweringprices.Pricewarsareacommonphenomenonwheneversupplyoutstripsdemandinafree-marketeconomy,andChina'snewlyliberalizedeconomyisnoexception.Nevertheless,Idonotthinkwewillseearepeatoftherecentpricewarintheair-conditionermarketthisyear.Ihavethreereasonsformyprediction.Thefirstisthattheearlierroundofprice-cuttingeliminatedtheless-efficientmanufacturersfromtheindustry;sotherearefewercompaniessupplyingthemarket.Thesecondisthatthegovernmenthastakenmeasurestoregulatetheair-conditionermarket,eliminatingthechaosthatpricewarsentail.AndthethirdisthatwithChina'sadmissiontotheWTO,manufacturerswillhavetooffermoreattractive-notcheaper-products.

45Task41.Describethepicture2.Deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepicture3.Suggestyourcounter-measuresBasically,whatweseeinthispictureisabirdlamentingthefactthatitshomehasbeendestroyed.Ofcourse,birdsusuallymaketheirhomesintrees,andsincetherearenotreesleftinthepicture-onlythestumps,toshowthattheoriginaltreeshavebeenchoppeddown-thebirdisleftwithoutshelter.Infact,thebirdhasnochoicebuttoperchonthehandleofanaxe,whichhasbeenusedtodestroyitsoriginalhome.Wecandeducefromthispicturethatthedraweristryingtoattractourattentiontothetragedyofthedestructionofforests,whichispartofthethreattotheecologicalbalanceoftheplanet.Heseemstobesayingthatsoontherewillbenotreesleftintheworld.Inmyopinion,thesadlittlebirdisasymbolofalllivingthings,includinghumanbeings,and,likethebird,wetoowillbelefthomelessifweallowthedestructionoftheenvironmenttocontinue.Thissimplepictureisawake-upcallforthewholeofthehumanrace.Ifthisvividimageofthegrimfutureofourplanetisnottobecomeareality,wemusttakepositivestepsrightnowtoputanendtotheplunderingoftheEarth*snaturalresources.Itisclearthatthedrawerofthepictureisurgingustostartwithacampaigntosavetheforests,whichissomethingallofuscanjoinbyurgingourlocalauthoritiestotakepositivemeasurestosavethetrees.Task5ALetterofInquiry询问信Youwishtostudyatacertainforeignuniversity.Writealetterinquiringaboutthesituationthereasregardsaccommodation,feesandqualifications.DearSir,IamaChinesecitizenwhowishestostudyatyouruniversity.Myplanistostartmycoursenextterm,andIwouldbegratefulifyouwouldbekindenoughtoprovidemewithcertainessentialinformation.First,whatqualificationsdoIneedtofollowacourseofstudyatyouruniversity?Ialreadyhaveamaster'sdegreefromauniversityhereinChina,butIwonderifthereareanyfurtheracademicrequirements.Second,howmucharethetuitionfees?AlthoughIintendtobeself-supporting,1wouldbeinterestedtohearifthereareanyscholarshipsavailableforinternationalstudents.Third,whatisthesituationasregardsaccommodation?Iwouldpreferasingleroom,whichismoreconducivetostudying,butifsingleroomsareexpensive,Iwouldbewillingtoshare.Ilookforwardtoyourreply,andtoattendingyouresteemedinstitution.Yourssincerely,LiMing

46Task6ALetterofRequest请求信Youfindthatyourstudyloadistooheavy.Writealettertoyourcollegeteacherexplainingwhyyouneedtowithdrawfromtwocourses.Askifitispossibletoobtainarefund.DearProf.James,Iamwritingtoformallyrequesttowithdrawfromtwocourses:IntroductiontoElementaryEducation(EDU602)andTeachingMethods(EDU619).ThemainreasonforreducingmycourseloadisthatIamfindingitextremelydifficulttomanagesixcourses.Inthebeginningoftheterm,Iwasperhapsoverlyoptimisticaboutjugglingbothmyfull-timestudiesandmypart-timejob(20hours/week).BecauseIreallymustworkparttime,Ihavenootherchoicebuttodecreasemycourseload.Iamplanningontakingthetwocoursesduringthesummersemester,iftheyareavailable,sothatIwillbeabletocompleteallthecoursesforthedegreeprogrambythefollowingyear.Iwouldalsoliketorequestatuitionrefund,andhopeIamnottoolatetoreceivethefullreimbursement.IamsorryforanyinconveniencesIhavecausedbythischangeinplans.Thisdecisionwasnottakenlightly,andIdoappreciatethekingconsiderationyouhaveshowntome.Thankyouforyourattentiontotheserequests.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,pleasefeelfreetocontactmeat277-9144.1lookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.Sincerelyyours,JaneCarterTask7ALetterofAdvice\Suggestions建议信Youhaveafriendwhoisabouttoenteruniversity,andhewantsyoutoadvisehimonwhichsubjecttospecializein-history,inwhichheisveryinterested,orcomputerscience,whichoffersbetterjobprospects.DearJohn,Youhaveaskedmeformyadviceconcerningwhetheryoushouldstudyhistoryorcomputerscienceatuniversity,andIwilltrytomakesomeusefulsuggestions.Youmustkeepinmindthat,aboveall,youruniversitytrainingisapreparationforyourfuturecareer.Therefore,yourfirstconsiderationshouldbetostudyasubjectwhichwillbestequipyoutoearnaliving.Thereisnodoubtthatthefieldofcomputersoffersfarwiderjobopportunitiesthanhistory.Besides,wearenowintheageofthehigh-technologyrevolution.Fortheforeseeablefuture,notonlywillitbenecessaryfbreveryonetobecomputer-literate,itwillalsobenecessary

47forthemtobeequippedwithcomputerskillsmerelytoearnaliving!History,Pmafraid,howeverfascinatingitmaybe,offersfewcareerprospects.Ofcourse,youdon*thavetodevoteallyourtimeatuniversitytostudyingcomputersandnothingelse.Onthecontrary,Iwouldrecommendthatyoukeepupyourreadingofhistoryinyoursparetime.Thatway,youwillfindthatyourleisurehoursareenrichedwhileyouprepareyourselfforaworthwhilecareerincomputers.Yourssincerely,JamesTestYourself:写一封攻读某校某专业硕士研究生的申请信。写作提示：1.注意书信格式。2.注意礼貌语言（即用于书信开头和结尾的套话）。3.简单介绍自己的学习情况。4.简单提及选择这一专业的原因。以下是几篇四六级的经典例文：熟能生巧：PracticeMakesPerfect“Practicemakesperfect“meansthatifyoudoanactivityregularly,youwillbecomegoodatit.Anyonewhohashadsufficientpracticeindoingaparticularjobmayperformbetterandmorequicklythanthosewithlittlepractice.TakeEnglish-learningforexample.WhenwelearnEnglish,wehavetolearngrammar,wordsandidioms.Itisnotsodifficultforustounderstandandremembertherules.Butwhenwespeakorwritewiththewordsandrulesinmind,wefinditdifficulttoexpressinEnglishfluentlyorcorrectly.Onthecontrary,thosewhokeeponpracticinglistening,speaking,readingandwritingEnglishcancommunicateinEnglishateaseandfluently.Foranotherexample,askilleddrivermaytalkwithotherswhiledriving.BothlearningEnglishanddrivingrequireplentyofpracticeforthemasteryoftheskills.Evidently,practiceisimportant.Ifyouwanttoimproveyourstudyandwork,youshouldrememberthatpracticemakesperfect.人生的价值是什么:WhatmakeslifeworthwhileWhatmakeslifeworthwhile?Differentpeoplemayhavedifferentanswerstothisquestion.

48Somepeoplemaythinkthatmoneyisthemostimportantforone'slife.Othersmayregarddevotionandsuccessasessentialfortheirlife.SofarasI'mconcernedIagreewiththelatterinsteadoftheformer.Theregoesanoldsaying:nopains,nogains.Inourcountryaswellasallovertheworld,therearemanyscientistswhospendmuchoftheirtimeandenergydoingresearchwork.Thoughtheydon'tnecessarilyearnmuchmoney,yettheyareveryhappywhentheysucceed,becausetheyhavedonesomethingmeaningfulandhavecontributed,inadegree,tohumans.Therefore,wemayconcludethatmoneyorthelikeisuseful,whiledevotionandcontributionisindispensableforourlife.Onlywhenwehaveworkedhardandhavedonesomethingbeneficialtoourcareerandtomankind,canwefeelourlifereallyworthwhile.我的诚实观：MyviewonhonestyHonestyisalong-lastingvirtueofpeopleallovertheworld.Likewise,itisalsooneofthedeeply-heldvaluesoftheChinesepeople.Somepeoplebelievethatinthemarketeconomy,honestytendstobeobsolete.Inmyopinion,honestywillneverbeoutofdatenomatterwhatthesituationmightbe.Firstly,honestyhasbeentreasuredandhonestpeoplehavebeenrespectedthroughouthistoryinallpartsoftheworld.Peopleeverywherewouldregardhonestyasavirtueandhateadishonestperson.Secondly,honestyisbasisofinteractionsamongpeople.Peopleshouldtreatothersincerelyandopentheirheartstoeachother.Onlyinthiswaycantherelationshipamongthepeoplebenatural.Thirdly,inthemarketeconomy,somepeopletrytogetmoremoneyatthecostofhonesty.Tothem,abestbusinessmanisonewhocancheatmosttactfully.Eveninthiskindofsociety,honestyisdeeply-valuedbymostpeople.Wecanseethatnotonlyinhistory,butalsoatthepresentday,honestywasandisvaluedbythemajorityofthepeopleandthevirtuewillnotperishsoeasily.后记：胡老师的讲课很不错，并且穿插学生的参与，深化了对问题的理解，我感觉很受启发，呵呵。经过还算认真的听讲，发现了胡老师的三个错误，头两个已经在文中指出，第三个是在讲课过程中透露出来的，他写的文章我认为他已经完全掌握了，不像其他老师还离不开教案。在商业捕鱼的文章中，胡老师在阅读过程中出了一个小错，呵呵，一些句子没有读出来，如果通常的做法是再读一遍得了。你猜胡老师怎么做，直接把句子重新组装一下，在短短几秒之内重新编排了一个句子，佩服！