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英语构词法word-building关岭民中田慧琼1.
1TravelinglightwelliwasdoublingovertheloadonmyshoulderswasaweightIcarriedwithmeeverydaycrossingmilesoffrustrationsandriversaragingpickingupstonesIfoundalongthewayIstaggeredandIstumbleddownpathwaysoftroubleIwashaulingthosesouvenirsofmiseryandwitheachsteptakenmybackwasbreakingtillifoundtheonewhotookitallfromme2.
2downbytheriversidedownbytheriversideilaidmyburdensdownnowi'mtravelinglightmyspiritliftedhighifoundmyfreedomnowandi'mtravelinglightthroughthedarkestalleysandloneliestvalleysiwasdraggingthoseheavychainsofdoubtandfearthenwiththeonewordspokenthelockswerebrokennowhe'sleadingmetoplaceswheretherearenotearsdownbytheriversideilaidmyburdensdownnowi'mtravelinglightmyspiritliftedhighifoundmyfreedomnowandi'mtravelinglight3.
3Classify:pathwayfreedomdarkestplacefrustrationlockeverydayriversidetearloneliestback合成词(有两个或更多的词合成一个词):转化词(将一种词性转化成另一种词性):派生词(在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词):everydaypathwayriversidefrustrationdarkestloneliestfreedombacklockplacetear4.
4构词法构词法：合成(Compounding)派生法(Derivation)【前缀/后缀】转化法(Conversion)【词性转换】{5.
5一、合成：两个或两个以上的词结合在一起构成一个新词chair+man——chairman（主席）mother+land——motherland（祖国）class+room——classroom（教室）super+market——supermarket（超市）二、转化：词形不变，词类转变facen.（脸）——facev.（面对）bookn.（书）——bookv.（预订）parkn.（公园）——parkv.（停车）三、派生：在词前或词后加前缀或后缀构成1、-er（……的人）farm—farmer农夫make—maker制造者prison—prisoner犯人design—designer设计师但cook—cooker厨具post—poster海报6.
61.转化:是指有一种词类转化为另一种词类。watern.水------watervt.浇水常见的转化形式：动词---名词名词---动词7.
7动词----名词stopvt.停止---n.车站lovevt.爱---n.爱Watchvt.观看---n.手表recordvt.录音---n.纪录combvt.梳理(头发)---n.梳子abusevt.辱骂---n.辱骂8.
8名词----动词handn.手---vt.上交seatn.座位---vt.坐nursen.护士---vt.护理oiln.油---vt.上油timen.时间---vt.定时，测时shouldern.肩膀---vt.肩负9.
9minen.矿山---vt.开矿barbecuen.烧烤---vt.在烤架上烤shipn.船---vt.用船装运financen.金融---vt.为……提供资金stainn.污点,污迹---vt.玷污，污染draftn.草稿---vt.起草headn.头---v.前进transportn.运输---vt.运输10.
10副词---动词downadv.向下---v.放下副词---名词nowhereadv.任何地方都不---n.无处，无名的地方11.
11形容词---名词freezingadj.冰冻的---n.冰点solidadj.固体的,坚实的---n.固体数词---动词secondnum.第二---v.赞成---n.秒12.
12exercise①vi.锻炼，运动Sheshouldexercisemore.Theydon’texerciseenough.Mygrandfatherexercisedandbecamehealthier.②vt.练习Weshouldexerciseourlegs.Heisexercisinghimselfindancing.13.
13③n.(不可数)运动，锻炼Ishouldtakemoreexercise.Exerciseisgoodforoldpeople.④n.(可数)操练，学习中的练习题Studentsinthisschooldoeyeexercisestwiceaday.Wedomorningexerciseseveryday.Therearesevenmathexercisestodo.14.
142.合成:有两个或更多的词合成一个词。class班级+room房间=classroom教室(1)名词(n.+n.)classroom,newspaper,schoolboy,monkey,mankind,spaceshipairconditionerbloodpressure incometaxschoolboylifeboat15.
15(2)形容词centralbankremotecontrol fastfoodsolarsystem(3)v-ing加另一词washingmachinedrivinglicense(4)其他方式by-product（副产品）editor-in-chief16.
16合成形容词过去分词或带ed词尾的构成absent-mindedgrey-haired动词的ing或另一词构成long-sufferingfar-reaching(5)合成动词baby-sit17.
173.派生:是通过在词根上加前缀或者后缀构成一个新词。happy---unhappydevelop---development18.
18前缀一般只引起意思上的变化而不造成词类的变化，只有少数能引起词类的变化。mis-错误的+understandv.理解---misunderstandv.误解en+largeadj.大的---enlargev.扩大19.
19常见的前缀20.
20(A)表示否定的前缀：un-unfair,unhappynon-nonsmokernonstop(常用在n.adj.adv.前)in-inactive,inhuman,indirect(常用在adj.)dis-disagree,disappearim-impolite,impossible(用在b,p,m开头的词前)il-illegalillogicalir-irreal,irregular21.
21(B).表示错误或失当的前缀:mis-misjudge,misdirect(误导),misunderstand,misuse(C).表示向背的前缀:pro-(亲，支持)pro-Chinese,pro-Americananti-（阻止，抗,反）antiwar,anti-Japanesewaranti-social,anti-tank22.
22(D).表示程度、大小的前缀super-superstar,supermarket,superman,superpowerover-overhead,overeat,overusemini-minibus,miniskirt,mini-carunder-underground,underestimatesemi-(半，部分)semicircle,semiskilled,23.
23(E).表示时间的前缀pre-/ex-prewarpredictEx-husbandpost-postwarpostgraduatefore-(前，预先)foretell,forecast,foresee,weatherforecast24.
24(F).表示方位的前缀：sub-subway,submarinetele-telephone,telegraminter-international,interclass(年级之间的）trans-(横过，通过，超越，进入)transplant,transatlantic（横渡大西洋的）25.
25(G)表“半”，“单”，“双”，“多的”，“重复”的前缀semi-/mid-semi-finalsemiconductormidsummeruni-uniformunitunilateral(单面的)bi-bicylclebimonthlymulti-multinationalmulticolorre-rewritereuseregainrebuildretellreconsiderreform,repeat26.
26常见的后缀27.
271.动词变名词：-ation/-tionsatisfaction,education,realization，information-mentdevelopment,movement,disappointment,instrument-siondiscussion,permission-ance/-enceassistance,acceptancedependence28.
28-alarrival,refusal-ee/-er/-or/-an/-ian/-ese(指人)trainee（受训者）,employeeteacher,worker,father,thinker,visitor,sailor,doctor,translatorEuropean,AmericanItalian,Russian,musician,Canadian,EgpitianJapanese,Chinese29.
292.形容词变名词-nesshappiness,meanness,carelessness-ityability,possibility-ismMarxism,criticism30.
303.名词变形容词：-ywindy,rainy,sandy,stormy-ishfoolish,feverish-somehandsome,troublesome-ousdangerous,humorous-fulhelpful,careful,peaceful-almusical,personal,national31.
314.名词、形容词变动词：-ifybeautify,simplify-izerealize-enquicken,widen,sharpen32.
325.副词后缀-lycarefullyquicklyhighlyterriblyregularlyexactly-ward(z)forwardupwardsdownwardseastwardhomewardbackward-wiseotherwiselikewiseclockwise33.
33Ifhehadbeen__________(care),hewouldnothavefallenfromtheladder.Itis________(doubt)whetherhewillcome.Myhouseisinaveryquietstreet,soIcanworkherewithoutany_____________(disturb).Thunderandlightninghappen______________(simultaneous同时).Theweatherwasgoodexceptforan_________(occasion)shower.Seeingthathewasworking____________(silence)intheroom,Ileftontiptoeatonce.carefuldoubtfuldisturbancesimultaneouslyoccasionalsilently34.
347.Itwasobviousthatallthisinformationwasfarfromenoughto___________(satisfaction)him.8.Janehasneverlikedmeat,andhasalwayshada___________(preferable)forvegetablesandfruit.9.Weare___________(hope)thatweshallwinthechampionship.10.Youmayfindthishardtobelieve,butitis__________(undoubted)true.11.Amanwhosellsthingsiscalleda________(selling).12.Themanagerslistenedtothe___________(complain)fromthecustomerspatiently.satisfypreferencehopefulundoubtedlysellercomplaints35.
351.___________(adj.)平静的,和平的→____________(n.)→__________(adv.)2.()(vi.)抱怨,投诉→()(n.)3.___________(adj.)爱交际的,社交的→__________(n.)社会→_________ (n.)社会主义4.___________(vt.&vi.)减少,降低→______________(n.)36.
361.(peaceful)(adj.)平静的,和平的→(peace)(n.)→(peacefully)(adv.)2.(complain)(vi.)抱怨,投诉→(complaint)(n.)3.(socail)(adj.)爱交际的,社交的→(society)(n.)社会→(socialist)(n.)社会主义4.(reduce)(vt.&vi.)减少,降低→(reduction)(n.)37.
375.____________(n.)广告→____________(v.)→_________(n.)登广告的人6.___________(adj.)平等的→___________(adv.)→________(n.)相等,平等7.__________(vi.)比赛,竞争→__________(n.)8._________(adv.)幸运地→__________(adj.)→________(n.)运气,财富,命运38.
385.advertisement(n.)广告→advertise(v.)→advertiser(n.)登广告的人6.equal(adj.)平等的→equally(adv.)→equality(n.)相等,平等7.compete(vi.)比赛,竞争→competition(n.)8.fortunately(adv.)幸运地→fortunate(adj.)→fortune(n.)运气,财富,命运39.
3910/22/202240.
