高一英语(牛津译林版)必修一定语从句1

《高一英语(牛津译林版)必修一定语从句1》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

______________________________________________________________________________________________________________定语从句一、基本概念1．定语从句：在一个主从复合句中修饰某一个名词、代词或修饰整个主句的从句叫定语从句。换句话说，定语从句就是用来作定语的句子。2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。先行词前一般用the，但在指“一个”概念时可用a,an。3．关系代词/关系副词：连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词，根据其在从句中作用分为关系代词或关系副词。若先行词在从句中作主语、宾语和定语等，应用关系代词引导定语从句；若先行词在从句中作时间状语、地点状语和原因状语等，应用关系副词引导定语从句。4．定语从句的位置：一般紧跟在先行词后面。但有时因句子结构的需要，定语从句和先行词被某些成分隔开。5．引导定语从句的关系词分为二类：关系代词：that,which,who,whom,whose,as关系副词：when,where,why二、基本用法1．关系代词的基本用法（见下表）：关系代词从句中作用例句who指人作主语宾语（可省略）1．Thisisthegirlwho/thatteachesusEnglish.(who/that指人，修饰先行词thegirl，在从句中作主语)2．Heistheboywhom/who/thatImetyesterday.(whom/who/that指人，修饰先行词theboy在从句中作宾语，whom/who/that可省略。)whom指人作宾语（可省略）whose指人、物作定语3．Thisisthegirlwhosefatherisanengineer.（whose作定语，用来修饰人）4．Iliveinaroomwhosewindowsfacethesouth.（whose作定语，用来修饰物，whosewindows=thewindowsofwhich或ofwhichthewindows）which指物作主语宾语（可省略）6．Thisisthebookwhich/thatIlostyesterday.(which/-可编辑修改-

1______________________________________________________________________________________________________________that指物，作宾语，可省略)7．Theclockisaninstrumentwhich/thatcantelltime.（which/that指物，作主语）8．Doyouknowthewomanthat/wholivesnextdoor?(that/who指人，作主语)that指人、物作主语宾语（可省略）as指物作主语、宾语可修饰整个主句9．ThisisthesamepenasIboughtyesterday.(as指物，在从句中作宾语)10．Asweallknow,TaiwanispartofChina.(as指代整个主句的内容)2．使用关系代词时应注意的几个问题：a.在以下几种情况下只使用that不用which。1.先行词是不定代词时，如:all,anything,everything,nothing,something,little,few,much。1.Itoldhimall(that)Iknow.2.Hegavehereverything(that)hehad.2.先行词被all,every,any,thevery,theonly,thejust等修饰时。1.Ihavereadallthebooks(that)yougaveme.2.Youcantakeanybook(that)youlike.3.先行词被序数词和形容词的最高级修饰时。1.Thisisthebestbook(that)Ihaveeverread.2.Thesecondplace(that)IwanttovisitisShanghai.4.先行词既有人又有物时。1.Wetalkedaboutthepersonsandthings(that)werememberintheschool.2.Thepeopleandtheanimalsthatwerekilledintheearthquakehaveallbeenfound.5.在Who,Which引起的疑问句中。1.Whoistheboythathelpedyou?2.Whichisthebook(that)youboughtyesterday?6.若有两个定语从句，一个用which引导，另一个须用that引导。Heboughtabookwhichcouldgivehimknowledgeandthatcouldhelptokillthetime.7.当先行词在定语从句中作表语时。Maryisnolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobe.b.在以下几种情况下只使用which不用that。1.引导非限制性定语从句时。Ihavelostmypen,whichIlikeverymuch.(which作宾语，指代主句中的pen)NewconceptEnglishisintendedforforeignstudents,whichisknowntoallofus.(which作主语，指代整个主句)-可编辑修改-

2______________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是which，另一个须用that。Thebook(that)heboughtyesterdaywastheone(which)helikedbest.3.先行词在句中作介词宾语且介词前置时。ThisisthehouseinwhichLuXunoncelived.c.当先行词为指人的关系代词时,引导词只用who不用that。1.先行词为all,anyone,one/ones,those,people时，须用who。1.Anyonewhoknowshowtodoitcandoitnow.2.Thosewhowanttoseethefilmpleaseputupyourhands.3.He,whodoesnotreachtheGreatWall,isnotatrueman.2.在非限制性定语从句中，须用who。Tom’sfather,whoisoversixty,stillworkshard.3.在被分隔的定语从句中，须用who。AnewteacherwillcometomorrowwhowillteachyouGerman.4.在以therebe开头的句子中，多用who。Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeourheadmaster.5.若有两个定语从句，其中一个关系代词是that，另一个须用who。Thestudentwhowaspraisedatthemeetingisthemonitorthatstudiesveryhard.d.as和which的使用场合。aswhich引导的非限制性定语从句可放在句首或句中不能放在句首修饰“积极的”方面修饰“消极的”方面在句中含义意为“正如”、“就像”无此意常用的搭配常和such，so，thesame等连用无此用法“～+be+过去分词”结构“be”可以省略“be”不能省略表示状态的动词asissaidabove,asalreadymentionedaboveasisoftenthecaseasitisasisknowntoall无此用法都能引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个句子的内容如：Asweallknow,hestudiesveryhard.比较：Hestudiesveryhard,as/whichweallknow.I’veneverseensuchaclevermanasheis.HehastoworkonSundays,whichhedoesn’tlike.Hewaslate,whichmadetheteacherangry.Thebridgeisreallywonderful,as(is)showninthepicture.Theexperimentisveryimportant,asindeeditis.e.thesame…as…和thesame…that…的不同。-可编辑修改-

3______________________________________________________________________________________________________________ThisisthesamebookasIlentyouyesterday.这本书和我昨天借给你的相似。（相似物）ThisisthesamebookthatIlentyouyesterday.这正是我昨天借给你的那本书。（同一物）【小试牛刀】I．用关系代词who,whom,that,which,whose,as填空。1.Theearthquake________shookthecityin1906wasthebiggestinAmericanhistory.2.Wedon’tknowthenumberofpeople__________losttheirhomesintheearthquake.3.Thehouse___________theybuiltin1937isstillinverygoodcondition.4.Thehouse__________isbuiltonsandmayfalldowninanearthquake.5.Theboy___________fatherisateacherisveryclever.6.Aclockisamachine____________tellspeoplethetime.7.Ourvillageisnolongertheone__________itusedtobe.8.Thehouse__________heislookingforisveryexpensive.9.Doyouknowtheman__________housesareallbroken?10.________isknowntoall,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceverymonth.【答案】1.that/which2.who/that3.that/which/不填4.that/which5.whose6.that/which7.that/不填8.that/which/不填9.whose10.asII．把下面各组句子合并成含有定语从句的复合句。1.Thegirlisnothere.Sheisgoingtosingasong.2.Theschoolisabigone.Theschoolstandsneartheriver.3.Thegirlworksveryhard.Herfatherisadoctor.4.Myuncleboughtthebikelastweek.Thebikehasbeenstolen.5．Thepenisveryold.Ilentittoyouthismorning.III．翻译下面句子1．刚才作演讲的那个教授已经走了。-可编辑修改-

4__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．你认识那个母亲是老师的女孩吗?______________________________________________________________3．鸟是一种能飞的动物。______________________________________________________________4．我上周买的那支钢笔很便宜。______________________________________________________________5．门朝北开的那间房子已经被卖了。______________________________________________________________【答案】1.Theprofessorthat/whomadethespeechjustnowhasleft.2.Doyouknowthegirlwhosemotherisateacher?3.Abirdisananimalwhich/thatcanfly.4.Thepen(that/which)Iboughtlastweekisverycheap.5.Theroomwhosedoorfacesnorthhasbeensold.3．关系副词的基本用法关系副词从句中作用例句when作时间状语IrememberthedayswhenIstayedthere.where作地点状语ThisistheroomwhereIlostmypen.why作原因状语Thisisthereasonwhyhewaslate.思考：同样是表示地点的先行词，为何有时候用关系代词that,which，有时候用关系副词where？同样是表示时间的先行词，为何有时候用关系代词that,which，有时候用关系副词when？请对比以下几组句子：Ihavefoundthefactorythat/whichhevisitedlastweek.Ihavefoundthefactorywherehestayedlastweek.Thedaysthat/whichIspentthereareunforgettable.ThedayswhenIstayedthereareunforgettable.Thereasonthat/whichhetoldmeforhisbeinglateisthathegotuplate.Thereasonwhyhewaslateisthathegotuplate.说明:当引导词在定语从句中作主语,宾语或表语时,尽管先行词是时间名词,地点名词或表示原因的名词,我们仍然使用关系代词that,which。这主要根据从句中的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。注意：1．当用作关系副词，若修饰表示的名词time，day，moment，way时，用that代替when/why等。-可编辑修改-

5______________________________________________________________________________________________________________如：Ithappenedonthedaythat/whenIwasborn.Idon’tliketheway(that/inwhich)youspeaktoyourmother.4．由介词+which/whom引导的定语从句介词一般由定语从句的动词而定。Heistheboywhom/who/thatwearetalkingabout=Heistheboyaboutwhomwearetalking.Thepenwhich/thatIwrotethearticlewithisgone.=ThepenwithwhichIwrotethearticle.几种特殊的情况：a.由when,where,why引导的定语从句常常可以替换成“介词+which/whom的形式”：when=in/on/atwhich,where=in/on/at+which,why=forwhichb.whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhom/which=ofwhom/which+the+n.如：whosefather=thefatherofwhom=ofwhomthefatherwhosewindow=thewindowofwhich=ofwhichthewindowc.由介词短语+whom/which引起的定语从句Thisisourclassroom,infrontofwhichthereisagarden.Thebuildingatthebackofwhichisalakeisourchemistrylabbuilding.Helivesonamountainontopofwhichthereisatemple.d.数词/代词+介词+which/whom引起的定语从句Ihavesomebooks,oneofwhichisinEnglish.Shehasmanyfriends,allofwhomareinthesameclass.(比较：Shehasmanyfriends.Allofthemareinthesameclass.)但有些短语动词中的介词不能提前，因为其短语拆开后完全改变了原来的意思。Thisisthebookthat/whichI’mlookingforTherearemanypatientsthatthenurseslookafter.5．what在其引导的从句中作定语What在它所引导的主语从句、宾语从句或表语从句中作主语、宾语或表语外，还可作定语。如：Don’tworry.IwillgiveyouwhathelpIcan.别担心，我会近我所能帮你。=anyhelpthat或asmuchhelpasWhat在从句中作定语时，还可于few，little连用修饰名词，表示“尽管不多，但已经全部”。如：IwilllendyouwhatfewbooksIcanspare.我愿把为数不多的书全部借给你。=allthefewbooksthatWecontributedwhatlittlemoneywehadtowardstheflood-strickenarea.-可编辑修改-

6______________________________________________________________________________________________________________=allthelittlemoneythat【小试牛刀】IV．用关系副词when,where,why填空1.Doyoustillremembertheplace_______youwereborn?2.Idon’trememberthedate_______myfatherwereborn.3.Yesterdaywewenttovisitthehouse________thegreatwriterusedtolive.4.Doyouknowthereason________hekilledhimself?5.Hewasbornintheyear__________theSecondWorldWarbrokeout.6.Healwayswantstogotohishometownandvisitedtheplace_________hegrewup.7.Kunmingisabeautifulcity________flowersareseenalltheyearround.8.Thechildrentodayareluckyastheyarelivinginatime________ourcountryisopentotheoutsideworld.9.Pleasetellmethereason________heisangry.10.Thiskindofprogrammewillbewellreceivedinthecountries_________manyChineseareliving.【答案】1.where2.when3.where4.why5.when6.where7.where8.when9.why10.whereV．翻译下面句子1．我已经找到了我朋友居住的那间房子了。2．你记得你妈妈出生的日期吗？3．请告诉我你买到那块手表的地方。4．我不喜欢他的原因是他太笨了。5．上海是个大城市，在那里你可以见到许多外国人。【答案】1.Ihavefoundtheroomwheremyfriendsoncelived.2.Doyoustillrememberthedatewhenyourmotherwasborn?3.Pleasetellmetheplacewhereyouboughtthewatch.4.ThereasonwhyIdon’tlikehimisthatheistoostupid.5.Shanghaiisabigcity,whereyoucanseemanyforeigners.VI．用恰当的关系词填空-可编辑修改-

7______________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.Thefirstlesson___________theoldprofessortaughtwasnoteasilyforgotten.2.Mr.Whitetoldhiswifethepersonsandthings__________hesawinChina.3.Whoisthegirl___________shookhandswithourheadmaster?4.Thereport__________theyarelisteningtoisveryimportant.5.Doyouknowthereason__________hedidn’tcometoschoollastweek?6.Didyouunderstandthelastreport__________wasmadebytheforeigner?7.Wouldyoupleaselendmethesamebook___________hehasborrowed?8.Pleasetellusthedays__________wearegoingtohaveourexams.9.Thefactory__________makesbikeswasbuiltin1930.10.Hetoldmeeverything__________hehadseenintheaccident.11.Thecampwasfullofpeople__________homeshadbeendestroyed.12.Tomisthestudentwith____________Iwanttohaveatalk.13.Doyourememberthevillage__________weworkedlastsummer?14.Doyourememberthevillage__________wevisitedlastsummer?15.Doyourememberthedays_________wespenttogetherlastsummer?【答案】1.(that)2.(that)3.that4.(that/which)5.why6.which/that7.as8.when9.which/that10.(that)11.whose12.whom13.where14.(that/which)15.(that/which)【强化练习】I.不定项选择1.Theoldlady_____ishisgrandmother.A.youtalkedB.thatyoutalkedaboutC.youtalkedtoherD.youtalkedto2.Aman______JackwenttoQingdaoforaholidayyesterday.A.who’snameisB.whohisnameisC.whosenameisD.hisnameis3.Helivesinaroom______doorisbroken.A.whoseB.whichC.itsD.that4.Wevisitedthefactory_____makestoysforchildren.A.whereB.whichC.inwhichD.that5.Thefilm_____lastnightwaswonderful.A.whichwesawB.thatwesawC.whichwasshownD.thatwasshown-可编辑修改-

8______________________________________________________________________________________________________________6.I’llneverforgettheplace_____Ivisitedtenyearsago.A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.what7.Sep.18,1995isaday_____we’llneverforget.A.whenB.inwhichC.thatD.forwhich8.Thegirl____youmetjustnowisveryinteresting.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who9.Thefactory____youvisitedyesterdaywasbuiltin1930.A.whoB.whichC.thatD.whom10.Thereisamountain____topisalwayscoveredwithsnow.A.ofwhichB.whoseC.it’sD.its11.Thecarranoveraboyandadog_____werejustcrossingthestreet.A.whoB.whomC.thatD.which12.Thelessons_____werenoteasilyforgotten.A.whichhetaughtB.whichweretaughtC.thatweretaughtD.thathetaught13.Thestudent_____isathree-goodstudent.A.whoseparentsdiedB.whoyoumetC.whomyoumetD.whoweweretalkingabout14.Iwanttogoandthankthewoman______helpedme.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.whoseson15.Theman____wasafriendofmine.A.thatyoujusttalkedtoB.whomyoujusttalkedtohimC.whoyoujusttalkedtohimD.whichyoujusttalkedtohim【答案】1.BD2.C3.A4.BD5.ABCD6.B7.C8.BCD9.BC10.B11.C12.ABCD13.ABCD14.ABD15.AV．各地模拟题汇编1.ThisisMr.White,________Ithinkhassomethinginterestingtotellyou.(海淀4月卷)A.whichB.whomC.thatD.who2.SalesofCDshavegreatlyincreasedsincetheearly1990s,________peoplebegantoenjoytheadvantagesofthistechnology.(东城5月卷)A.andB.whenC.whichD.because3.I’dliketolivesomewhere_________thesunshinesallyearlong.(西城5月卷)-可编辑修改-

9______________________________________________________________________________________________________________A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inwhich4.InWasdalethereisamysteriousdarklake,_________depthhasneverbeenmeasured.A.thatB.whereC.whichD.whose(海淀5月卷)5.Isittheyears__________youworkedinthefactory_________haveagreateffectonyourliteraryworks?(湖北八校一模卷)A.that;whereB.that;thatC.when;whereD.when;that6.Hewon’twanttoeatitunlesshe’sreallyhungry,in_______casehe’lleatalmostanything.A.whatB.thatC.whoseD.which(苏锡常镇一模卷)7.Governmentreports,legalpapersandmostbusinesslettersarethemainsituations_______Englishisused.(黄冈卷)A.whenB.thatC.howD.where8.EuropehasachievedmoreincontrollingtheAIDSvirusthanAsiainthepasttenyears,_______thenumberofpeopleinfectedwiththevirusisgoingupsharply.(南京二模卷)A.whenB.thatC.sothatD.where9.Thesoldierssoonreached_______wasonceanoldtemple_____thevillagesusedasaschool.(汕头卷)A.which;whereB.what;whichC.where;whichD.what;where10.Thisisanunpleasantsubject_________wemightargueforalongwhile.(广州二模卷)A.inwhichB.withthemC.aboutwhichD.withit11.Afterall,withthehelpofmycomputerbrain_________neverforgetsanything,IQis_________I’mallabout.(湖北宜昌三模卷)A.that;whatB.what;whatC.what;thatD.that;where12.Itwasthethirdnight________wewerestayinginourseasidebut________thetsunami(海啸)struckthewholevillage.(苏锡常镇二模卷)A.when;whenB.when;whatC.what;thatD.that;that13.Iusuallyenjoythesedinners,unlessIhavetomakespeech,in_________caseIworrythroughthemeal.(烟台三模卷)A.thatB.thisC.whichD.any-可编辑修改-

10______________________________________________________________________________________________________________14.Thesmallmountainvillage___________wespentourholidaylastmonthliesin_______isnowpartofHubei.(湖北八校二模卷)A.which;whereB.where;whatC.that;whichD.when;which15.Thepresidentstoodbyawindowinsidetheroom,__________,lookingoverthesquare.A.whereIenteredB.intowhichIenteredC.whichIenteredD.thatIentered(成都三模卷)16.BarbarawenttotheStatesacoupleofyearsago,by_________timeshehadlearnedtodanceandactincomedies.(福建卷)A.whichB.thatC.whatD.whose17.Thegirl______everybodyhadthoughtwouldwinagoldmedalfailedatlast.(东北四市卷)A.whoB.whomC.whatD./18.Societyisabuilding,totheconstructionof_____everyonebringsabrick.(黄冈4月卷)A.whatB.thatC.whichD.where19.ThenewcomerisfromTibet,_____Icantellfromhisappearance.(南通二模卷)A.whichB.whatC.whereD.who20.Mr.GreenwillcometothepartyonSunday,_________hepromisedtoeveryoneofus.A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which(山西卷)【答案】1．Dwho引导定语从句，对Mr.White进行补充说明。2．Bwhen引导定语从句，对先行词theearly1990s进行补充解释说明。3．C此题中where引导定语从句且在从句中作状语。4．Dwhose引导定语从句，对先行词lake进行解释说明。5．D后一空that与前面的Itwas构成强调句型，前一空when引导定语从句修饰years。6．D此题考查“介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句的用法。7．D先行词situations在定语从句中充当地点状语，因此引导词应用where。8．Dwhere引导非限制性定语从句，对Asia进行补充说明。9．B前一空what引导的是宾语从句，作reach的宾语；后一空中which引导的是定语从句，并在从句中作temple的宾语。10．Cargueabout意为“为……而争论”。arguewith意为“与……争论”，由先行词anunpleasantsubject可知，此处意为“为某事争论”。aboutwhich引导定语从句。11．A前一空中that引导定语从句修饰先行词brain。后一空中what引导表语从句，同时又作从句中about的宾语。12．A前一空的when引导定语从句修饰先行词thethirdnight，后一空中的when引导的从句是句子的真正主语。-可编辑修改-

11______________________________________________________________________________________________________________13．C介词in+关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。14．B该句是一个复合句，首先把句子的主干找出：Thesmallmountainliesin，第一空所缺少的是定语从句的引导词，分析从句结构可知，从句中缺状语，所以填where，第二空应是谓语liesin的宾语。what相当于theplacethat。15．Cwhich引导非限制性定语从句，同时在从句中entered的宾语。16．A此题考查定语从句，介词by+关系代词引导非限制性定语从句。17．A此句只要分析句子结构即可。此句的主句结构为Thegirlfailedatlast.其中who引导定语从句修饰先行词thegirl，并且从句中everybodyhadthought作插入语。18．C关系代词which指代abuilding并引导一个非限制性定语从句。19．Awhich引导非限制性定语从句。20．Dwhich引导非限制性定语从句，同时又在从句中充当promise的宾语。-可编辑修改-

12______________________________________________________________________________________________________________THANKS!!!致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习课件等等打造全网一站式需求欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考-可编辑修改-