计网实验tcpipconfiguration

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Test1.TCP/IPConfiguration1.ClickStartandthenclickRun.TypethecommandorcmdandthenpressEnter.2.AttheDOSprompt,typeNETHELPandpressEnter.Youshouldseesomethinglikethescreenbelow:ThecommandyouareinterestedinistheViewcommand.Toobtaininformationaboutit,typeNETHELPVIEW,andpressEnter.3.WhatisthepurposeofNETVIEW:TheNETVIEWcommandshowsthenamesofthemachinespresentonyournetwork.Noticethatitliststhenamesofmachinesontheleft,incolumnlabelled“Servername”andanothercolumnlabelled“Remark”4.ListthemachinesafteryouhavetypedNETVIEWfromthecommandprompt

1ClosetheDOSwindowbytypingEXITonthecommandlineandthenpressEnter,orbyclickingtheClosebuttonintheupperrightcornerofthewindow.ObtaintheTCP/IPConfigurationInformation

2UsetheStartmenutoopentheCommandPrompt,anMS-DOS-likewindow.PressStart>Programs>Accessories>CommandPromptorStart>Programs>CommandPrompt.ThefollowingfigureshowstheCommandscreen.TypeipconfigandpresstheEnterkey.Thespellingofipconfigiscriticalwhilecaseisnot.ItisshortforIPConfiguration.ThisfirstscreenshowstheIPaddress,subnetmask,anddefaultgateway.TheIPaddressandthedefaultgatewayshouldbeinthesamenetworkorsubnet,otherwisethishostwouldnotbeabletocommunicateoutsidethenetwork.Inthefigurethesubnetmasktellsusthatthefirstthreeoctetsmustbethesametobeinthesamenetwork.

3Note:IfthiscomputerisonaLAN,thedefaultgatewaymightnotbeseenifitisrunningbehindaProxyServer.Recordthefollowinginformationforthiscomputer.RecordthefollowingTCP/IPinformationforthiscomputer6.ComparetheTCP/IPconfigurationofthiscomputertoothersontheLANthiscomputerisonaLAN,comparetheinformationofseveralmachines.RecordacoupleoftheIPAddresses:1)IPsddresses1:IPaddresses2:thereanysimilarities前三个字段相同，WhatissimilarabouttheIPaddresses最后字段存在差异Whatissimilaraboutthedefaultgateways完全相同TheIPaddressesshouldsharethesamenetworkportion.AllmachinesintheLANshouldsharethesamedefaultgateway.CheckadditionalTCP/IPconfigurationinformationToseedetailedinformation,typeipconfig/allandpressEnter.ThefigureshowsthedetailedIPconfigurationscreen.

4Thehostname,includingthecomputernameandNetBIOSnameshouldbedisplayed.Also,theDHCPserveraddress,ifused,andthedatetheIPleasestartsandendsshouldbedisplayed.Lookovertheinformation.EntriesfortheDNS,usedinnameresolutionservers,mayalsobepresent. thePhysicalAddress(MAC)andtheNICmodel(Description).notarequirement,mostLANadministratorstrytostandardizecomponentslikeNICs.Therefore,itwouldnotbesurprisingtofindallmachinessharethefirstthreeHexpairsintheadapteraddress.Thesethreepairsidentifythemanufactureroftheadapter.

5downtheIPaddressesofanyserverslisted(ifany):IPsddresses1:addresses2:downthecomputerHostName:118stu-06WritedowntheHostNamesofacoupleothercomputers:DoalloftheserversandworkstationssharethesamenetworkportionoftheIPaddressasthestudentworkstationNOItwouldnotbeunusualforsomeoralloftheserversandworkstationstobeinanothernetwork.Itmeansthatthecomputerdefaultgatewayisgoingtoforwardrequeststotheothernetwork.

6UsingpingfromaWorkstationAccessthecommandpromptUsetheStartmenutoopentheCommandPromptwindow.PressStart>Programs>Accessories>CommandPromptorStart>Programs>CommandPromptorStart>AllPrograms>CommandPrompt.pingtheIPaddressofanothercomputerInthewindow,typeping,aspace,andtheIPaddressofacomputerlocatedinyourworkingarea.followingfigureshowsthesuccessfulresultsofpingtothisIPaddress.PingusestheICMPechorequestandechoreplyfeaturetotestphysicalconnectivity.Sincepingreportsonfourattempts,itgivesanindicationofthereliabilityoftheconnection.Lookovertheresultsandverifythatthepingwassuccessful.IsthepingsuccessfulIfnot,performappropriatetroubleshooting.成功

7Ifasecondnetworkedcomputerisavailable,trytopingtheIPaddressofthesecondmachine.Notetheresults.pingtheIPaddressofaDHCPorDNSserverstopingtheIPaddressofanyDHCPand/orDNSserverslistedinthelastexercise.Ifthisworksforeitherserver,andtheyarenotinthenetwork,whatdoesthisindicateWasthepingsuccessful成功pingthehostnameofanothercomputer

8Trytopingthehostnameofthecomputerthatwasrecordedpreviously.Thefigureshowsthesuccessfulresultofthepingthehostname.Lookovertheresults.Noticethatthefirstlineofoutputshowsthehostname,DESKTOPintheexample,followedbytheIPaddress.ThismeansthecomputerwasabletoresolvethehostnametoanIPaddress.Withoutnameresolution,thepingwouldhavefailedbecauseTCP/IPonlyunderstandsvalidIPaddresses,notnames.Ifthepingwassuccessful,itmeansthatconnectivityanddiscoveryofIPaddressescanbedonewithonlyahostname.Infact,thisishowmanyearlynetworkscommunicated.Ifsuccessful,thenpingahostnamealsoshowsthatthereisprobablyaWINSserverworkingonthenetwork.WINSserversoralocal“lmhosts”fileresolvecomputerhostnamestoIPaddresses.Ifthepingfails,thenchancesarethereisnoNetBIOSnametoIPaddressesresolutionrunning.pingtheIPaddressofthedefaultgatewayistheIPaddressofyourdefaultgateway

9topingtheIPaddressofthedefaultgateway.Wasitsuccessful成功Ifthepingissuccessful,itmeansthereisphysicalconnectivitytotherouteronthelocalnetworkandprobablytherestoftheworld.Typetracertatthecommandprompt,followedbyahostnameorIPaddressfromyourworkingarea.tracertisTCP/IPabbreviationfortraceroute.TheprecedingfigureshowsthesuccessfulresultwhenrunningtracertfromonaLAN.ThefirstoutputlineshowstheFQDNfollowedbytheIPaddress.Therefore,aDNSserverwasabletoresolvethenametoanIPaddress.Ifyouareconnectedonahugenetwork(liketheInternet)therewillbelistingsofallroutersthetracertrequestshadtopassthroughtogettothedestination.tracertusesthesameechorequestsandrepliesasthepingcommandbutinaslightlydifferentway.Eachrouterrepresentsapointwhereonenetworkconnectstoanothernetworkandthepacketwasforwardedthrough.14.Tracertawebsiteandexplainwhatyouhavefound.

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