2023届全国各地名校最新高考第一期英语试题精选五阅读理解说明文及议论文（通用原题版）

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2023届全国各地名校高三最新英语试题精选速递专题05阅读理解说明文/议论文（通用）1.【2023届山东省齐鲁名校高三第一次学业质量联合检测】2.【Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研宄联盟）2022-2023学年髙三第一次联考】3.【2023届安徽省江淮十所名校高三第一次联考】4.【河南省豫东名校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学摸底联考】5.【湖北省高中名校联盟2023届新高三第一次联合测评】6.【江苏省南通市通州、兴化、泗洪2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次质量监测考试】7.【江苏南京六校联合体2023届高三联合调研试题】8.【湖北省孝感市部分名校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考英语试题】9.【辽宁六校2022~2023学年上高三初考】10.【河南省九师联盟2022-2023学年高三开学考】11.【浙江省2023届A9协作体暑假返校联考高三英语试题】12.【浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期9月返校联考】13.【湖北省“宜荆荆恩”2023届高三起点考试】14.【江西省省重点校联盟2022-2023学年高三入学摸底联考】15.【云南省昆明市五华区2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量摸底检测】1.【2023届山东省齐鲁名校高三第一次学业质量联合检测】Researchershavedevelopedanewmethodfortrainingpeopletobecreative,onethatshowspromiseofsucceedingfarbetterthancurrentwaysofinspiringcreativity.Thisnewmethod,basedonnarrative(叙述的)theory,helpspeoplebecreativeinthewaychildrenandartistsarebymakingupstoriesthatimaginealternativeworlds,changeperspectiveandgenerateunexpectedactions.“Thenarrativemethodworksbyrecognizingthatwe’reallcreative,”saidAngusFletcher,whodevelopedthemethodandisaprofessorofEnglishandamemberoftheOhioStateUniversity’sProjectNarrative.“Weasasocietycompletelyundervaluethecreativityofkidsandmanyothersbecauseweareaddictedtotheideathatsomepeoplearemorecreativethanothers.”

1Thenarrativemethodoftrainingforcreativityusesmanyofthetechniquesthatwritersusetocreatestories.Oneistodevelopnewworldsinyourmind.Forexample,employeesatacompanymightbeaskedtoimagineaworldinwhichalltheircustomersarelikethat.Anothertechniqueisperspective-changing.Anemployermightbeaskedtoansweraproblembythinkinglikeanothermemberoftheirteam.“Creativityisn’taboutguessingthefuturecorrectly.It’saboutmakingyourselfopentoimaginingcompletelydifferentpossibilities,”Fletchersaid.“Whenyoudothat,youcanrespondmorequicklyandflexiblytothechangesthatdooccur.”Fletcherandhisteamarealsocontinuingtoworkwithneworganizations,suchastheWorthingtonLocalSchoolDistrictinOhio.“It’sbettertohireadiversegroupofpeopleandthentrainthemtobecreative.Thatcreatesaculturewhichrecognizesthattherearealreadycreativepeopleinyourorganizationyouaren’ttakingadvantageof,”hesaid.“ThisnewmethodoftrainingcreativitycouldonlyhavecomefromOhioStateUniversity’sProjectNarrative,whichisitselfproofofthepowerofcreativity.”8.WhatmaymakethenarrativemethodworkableaccordingtoFletcher?A.Creatingalternativestories.B.Changingnewperspective.C.Generatingunexpectedtasks.D.Beingawareofourcreativity.9.Howdoestheauthordevelopparagraph4?A.Byusingexamples.B.Bymakingcomparison.C.Byansweringquestions.D.Byquotingtechniques.10.Whatresultisexpectedoftrainingcreativity?A.Todevelopaculturegradually.B.Toreacttochangesquickly.C.Tocreatepossibilitiesfreely.D.Topredictthefuturecorrectly.11.Whatisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.WaysCanBeAdoptedtoInspireCreativityB.ThePowerofCreativityHasBeenFoundC.AnyoneCanBeTrainedtoBeCreativeD.AWayIsFoundtoRecognizeCreativePeopleMigratory(迁徙的)birdsaredeclininggloballybecauseofthewaythathumanshavechangedthelandscapeoverrecentdecades—accordingtonewresearchfromtheUniversityofEastAnglia(UEA).Anewstudypublishedtodayrevealsthatpopulationdeclineshavebeengreatestamongspeciesthatmigratetoareaswithmorehumaninfrastructure—roads,buildings,powerlines,windturbines(涡轮机)—aswellasmorepopulationandhuntinglevels.Dr.JamesGilroy,fromUEA’sSchoolofEnvironmentalSciences,said,“Weknowthatmigratorybirdsareingreaterdeclinethannon-migratoryspecies,butit’snotclearwhy.Wewanttofindoutwhereintheirlifecyclesthesemigratoryspeciesaremostexposedtohumanimpacts.”Theresearchteamidentified16human-inducedthreatstomigratorybirds,includinginfrastructureassociatedwithbirddisturbanceandimpacts,transformationoflandfromnaturalhabitattohumanlanduse,andclimatechange.Advancesinsatelliteimageryallowedtheteamtomapeachofthe16threatsacrossEurope,AfricaandWesternAsia.Theteamalsocreatedthefirsteverlarge-scalemapofhuntingpressureacrosstheregion.Atotalof

2103speciesofmigratingbirdswerestudied,includingmanyrapidlydecliningspeciesliketheturtledoveandthecommoncuckoo,usinglarge-scaledatasets.Theteamcalculatedthreatscoresforfactorssuchashabitatlossandclimatechange,acrossbreedinglocations,aswellasnon-breedingranges.Theythenexploredtherelationshipsbetweenthesethreatscoresandbirdpopulationtrendscalculatedfrom1985to2018bythePan-EuropeanCommonBirdMonitoringScheme(PECBMS).Dr.AldinaFranco,alsofromUEA’sSchoolofEnvironmentalSciences,said,“Ourfindingsareimportantbecauseweneedtounderstandwheredecliningspeciesarebeingmostimpactedbyhumansacrosstheirseasonalmigrations.Locatingwherebirdsaremostexposedtothesethreatscouldhelpustargetconservationactions.”12.Whatcausesmigratorybirdstodecrease?A.Alongermigratoryroute.B.Seriousindustrialpollution.C.Illegalhuntingfromhumans.D.Thechangingoflandscape.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“infrastructure”inparagraph2referto?A.Basicsystemsandservices.B.Localtransportation.C.Internetfacilities.D.Powersupplies.14.Whatdoesparagraph4talkabout?A.Theresultsofthestudy.B.Thepromiseofthestudy.C.Theprocessofthestudy.D.Thedatabaseofthestudy.15.WhatisthepurposeofstudyingmigratorybirdsaccordingtoDr.AldinaFranco?A.Toraisepeople’sawarenessofprotectingbirds.B.Toofferadvicetodoconservationworkprecisely.C.Tostressthenecessityofincreasingbirdpopulation.D.Tostatetheimportanceoflivinginharmonywithnature.2.【Z20名校联盟（浙江省名校新高考研宄联盟）2022-2023学年髙三第一次联考】Beforeyouworryaboutbaconandhowmuchitmaycostwhennewanimalwelfarelawsgointoeffectnextyear,let’stalkaboutthepigsthatgavetheirlivesforit.Californiahasbeenontheforefrontofprotectinganimalswholiveshortlivesonfactoryfarmseithertoproducefoodforusortobeslaughteredandsoldasfood.ThelatestadvancecameinNovember2018,when62.7%ofthestate’svoterssupportedProposition12,thePreventionofCrueltytoFarmAnimalsAct.Thelawbegangoingintoeffectlastyear,requiringhensandvealcalvestobegivenmorespacetolivein.StartingonJan.1st,thelawwillrequirethatalleggssoldinCaliforniacomefromcage-freehensandthatporksoldinthestatecomefrombreedingpigsthatarenotheldincages.Thesearehumanestepsdesignedtolifttheseanimalsoutofstructuresthatbarelyallowthemtomove.Porkproducershavehadthelongesttimetocomply(遵守).SomebigcompanieslikeHormelFoodshavepledgedtodosofully,butothershavespentthelastfewyearsfightingthelawratherthanfiguringouthowtoputitintopractice.TheysaythatthelawwillsignificantlyraisethepriceofporkandthatitviolatestheCommerceClauseoftheConstitution,whichgivesCongresssolepoweroverinterstatebusinessactivity.Sofar,thatfighthasbeenawasteoftimethatporkproducerscouldhavebetterspentfiguringouthowtoretrofit(翻新)theirfarms.Theyalsocomplainthattheregulationsonthelawarenotset.ButtheCaliforniaDepartmentofFoodandAgriculture,whichhasyettofinalizetheregulations,saysthatthedelayshouldnothavepreventedproducersfrom

3retrofittingtheirhousingforbreedingpigs.Theagencyhaspubliclyposteddraftregulations,whichmostlyconcernrecord-keeping,certificationanddefinitionsofterms.Forfansofbaconandotherpork,anyriseincostisthepriceofnothavingapigsufferbeforeit’skilledforfood.It’sapricetheanimalsshouldn’thavetopay.28.WhatdoweknowaboutProposition12?A.Thelawwillcomeintoforcenextyear.B.Morespaceisrequiredforraisinghensandpigs.C.Raisinghensandpigsinlimitedspaceishumane.D.Halfofthestate’svoterssubscribedtoProposition12.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pledged”inparagraph3mean?A.Suspect.B.Refuse.C.Promise.D.Hesitate.30.WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtoparagraph3?A.Someporkproducershaveraisedthepriceofpork.B.Alltheporkproducersdon’tcomplywiththelaw.C.Porkproducershavewastedalotoftimeretrofittingtheirfarms.D.PorkproducersresisttheCommerceClauseoftheConstitution.31.Whichwordcanbestdescribetheauthor'sattitudetothenewanimalwelfarelaws?A.Skeptical.B.ConservativeC.Tolerant.D.Favorable.TinaBrigham,a50-year-oldstoreownerfromasuburbofWashington,DC,wrestledwiththepuzzleswhilewaitingforcustomers.“Ifit’sa30-minutepuzzle,Itrytofigureitoutin12,”shesaid.Afterseveralyears,shefoundshecouldeasilyputtogetheremployeeworkschedulesinherhead.Alotofstoresuseanelectronicschedulingtool,butIhaveallthedatainmymind,”shesaid.“Ithinkmybrainseemssharperandmorefocusedbecauseofthegame.”Thegamesdoseemtowork.Inone2020study,GarySmall,chairofpsychiatryatHackensackUniversityMedicalCenter,foundthat1,091womenandmenwhofrequentlyplayedcards,bingo,ordidcrosswordpuzzleshadsharperthinkingandmemoryskills—equivalenttoanIQupto5.6pointshigher—thanthosewhorarelydid.Thestudydoesn’tprovethatthepuzzlesdirectlyledtothehigherIQs,butitdoesshowthatevenpeoplewhoincreasedtheirgame-playingintheir70sseemedtogetbrainbenefitswithinafewyears.Exactlyhowgamessharpenmemoryandcognitivefunctionisstillsomethingofamystery.Butadvancesinneuroimaging(神经影像学)allowresearcherstostudyhowthebrainreactstoallsortsofoutsidestimulation.Smalllaterincluded60womenandmencompletingLatinsquares.Asthepuzzlesgrewmoredifficultwithfewerclues,playerssloweddownandmademoremistakes.That’swhenhediscoveredsomethingsurprising:Moreregionsofthebraingotinvolved,especiallyintheprefrontalcortex(前额叶皮质区)，anareainvolvedwithproblem-solving,judgment,andmemory.Smallsuggeststhatifyoufindyourselfdebatingwhethertospendthenext20minutestakingawalkorplayingabraingame,youshouldchoosethewalk.Physicalactivitycanhelpdeliveroxygenandfueltoyourbraincells.“Ifyoudoonethingtohelpyourbrain,I’dsayit’sexercise.”hesays.“Gettinggoodsleepandkeepabalanceddietarealsoimportant.Braingamesworkbestaspartofawholepackageofbrain-healthystrategies.Andremember:Alittlefunneverhurts.

432.Howdoestheauthorintroducethetopicinparagraph1?A.Bysharingastory.B.Bycomparingfacts.C.Byreportfindings.D.Bypresentingfigures.33.WhatcanweknowfromGarySmall'sstudy?A.PuzzlesdirectlyleadstohigherIQs.B.Peopleintheir70sbenefitmorefrombraingames.C.Howgamessharpenmindshasnotbeenclearlyunderstood.D.Physicalactivitiesplayanequallyimportantroleaisbraingames.34.Whydoestheauthormentiongoodsleepandahealthydietinthelastparagraph?A.Toadvocategoodsleepandabalanceddiet.B.Toadvisewhatweshoulddotokeephealthy.C.Tostresstheimportanceofgoodsleepandahealthydiet.D.Toexplainthatbraingamesfunctionbestaspartofbrain-healthystrategies.35.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A.Puzzlesmakebrainssharpandfocused.B.Physicalactivitiesplayanimportantroleinsharpthinking.C.Braingamesarebeneficialtomemoryskillsandcognitivefunction.D.Sharpmemoryandcognitivefunctiondependlargelyonbraingames.3.【2023届安徽省江淮十所名校高三第一次联考】Acontactlens(隐形眼镜)thatcanreleaseadrugifitdetectshighpressurewithintheeyehasbeencreatedbyscientistswhosayitcouldhelptreatglaucoma.Glaucomaisaneyediseasethatinvolvesdamagetotheopticnerve,andcanleadtoblindnessifnottreated.AccordingtothecharityGlaucomaUK,themostcommonformofthedisease,knownasprimaryopenangleglaucoma,isthoughttoaffectalmost10%ofpeopleolderthan75.Thisformisgenerallycausedbyincreasedpressurewithintheeye,usuallyasaresultofabuildupoffluid.ResearchersinChinarevealedtheyhavedevelopedacontactlensthatcansenseanincreaseinpressurewithintheeyeandreleaseananti-glaucomadrugifthepressuretranscendsacertainlevel.WritinginthejournalNatureCommunications,theteamdescribehowtheycreatedthedeviceusinganupperandlowerlens,withasnowflake-shapedpressuresensorandwirelesspowertransferdevicesandwichedbetweenthemaroundtherimofthelenses.Whenthepressureinsidetheeyeincreases,thegapbetweentheupperandlowerlensesdecreases.Thisisdetectedbythepressuresensorbymeansofacantilever.Thesensorthensendsasignaltothewirelesssystemwhichsubsequentlytriggersthereleaseofananti-glaucomadrug,fromahydrogelattachedtoanelectrode,andenablesittocrossthecorneaoftheeye.Thedrug,brimonidine,actstoreducethepressurewithintheeye.Thestudyrevealsthatthecontactlenseshavesofarbeentestedonpigs’eyesandontheeyesoflivingrabbits—albeitwithsmaller-sizedlenses—althoughtrialshaveyettobecarriedoutinhumans.Theresearchersnotethelensesarenotonlysoftandminimallyinvasivebutarealsobattery-free,addingthattheapproachcouldbeexpandedtohelptackleothereyediseases.

5ProfZubairAhmedfromtheInstituteofInflammationandAgeingattheUniversityofBirminghamwhowasnotinvolvedinthework,saidtheresearchwaspotentiallyveryexciting,addingthatariseinpressurewithintheeyewasasignificantproblemformostpeoplewithglaucoma.“Thematerialsrequiredtocreatesuchcontactlensesareinexpensiveandsooncouldbemass-produced.”headded.12.Whocanprobablygethelpfromthecontactlens?A.Thosewhoareblind.B.Thosewhohaveglaucoma.C.Thosewhoareolderthan75.D.Thosewhoareunderheavypressure.13.Whichofthefollowingwordscanreplacetheunderlinedword“transcends”inparagraph3?A.Exceeds.B.Maintains.C.Lowers.D.Balances.14.Howdidtheteamcreatethedevice?A.Bycrossingthecorneaoftheeyeandthensendingasignal.B.Byenlargingthegapbetweentheupperandlowerlenses.C.Byusingbrimonidinetoincreasethepressurewithintheeye.D.Byemployingpressuresensorandwirelesspowertransferdevice.15.Whatcanwelearnaboutthecontactlenses?A.Theyaresafebuttoocostly.B.Theyhavebeentestedonhumans.C.Theywillbeputonthemarketsoon.D.Theyneedtobeusedwithbatterypower.4.【河南省豫东名校2022-2023学年高三上学期开学摸底联考】CColorcanaffectmoods,emotionsandevenactions.Thisincludessleepandhealth.Inancientcultures,colortherapyisevenusedasamethodofhealing.Thecolorbluehasbeenthoughttostimulate(促进)asleepstate.Exposuretobluelightcanhelplowerbodytemperatureandbloodpressure.Adecreaseinbloodpressureandbodytemperatureisthepreparationthatsignalstothebodythatit’stimetosleep.Therefore,seeingthecolorbluewhenyouarereadytorestmaycausetheresponseandhelpyoufallasleepmoreeasily.Whilethereismuchevidencethatblueisthebestchoiceforyourbedroomwalls,it’sreallythetonethatinfluencesyoursleep,notthecoloritself.Deepblueorotherneutral(中性的)toneswillevenmakeasmallbedroomseemmorespacious.Whilesoftcolorsandearthtonesarethemostcalmingandrestfulbedroomcolorsforsleep,brightcolorspreventyourbrainactivity.Thesecolorsstimulatebrainactivityandstopyoufromfallingasleep.Whilemanyparentspainttheirchildren’sroomswithbrightcolors,it’sbettertochoosefun,playfulcolorsingentletonestoencouragetheirkidstogotosleep.Lightyellow,greenandblueareallamazingchoicestopaintyourchildren’sbedroom.Whatyoushouldrememberisthatneverpaintyourbedroomwallspurple!Purplestimulatescreativethoughtandcanleadtoextremelyvividnightmares.Otherbadchoicesforbedroomcolorsincludebrightredsandbrightoranges.Thesecolorsstimulatethebrainandincreaseenergy.Forexample,redcausespassion,increasesenergyandmayevenhelpyoumovemorequickly.Itmaybeabetterchoiceforyourhomegymthanforyoursleepspace.Regardlessofthesizeofyourroom,thereareafewtonesthatwesuggestforcreatingahealthyspacefordeepsleep.Themostimportantfactoristhatyoufeelrelaxed,calmandrestfulintheroom.Youshouldalsokeepyour

6bedroomfreefrommessasmuchaspossibleandkeepitclean.Inyourbedroom,sleepshouldbeyourmainfocus.8.Whatistheeffectthecolorbluehasonpeople?A.Itcancausehighbloodpressure.B.Itcankeepthebrainactive.C.Itcanadjustthesleepstate.D.Itcancoolthebodydown.9.Whichcolorcanhelpmaketheroomlooklarger?A.Lightgrey.B.Deeppink.C.Deepred.D.Orange.10.What’sParagraph5mainlyabout?A.Waystomakesureofgoodsleep.B.Badcolorsforthebedroom.C.Colorandbrainactivities.D.Theadviceonhealth.11.Whatplaysakeyroleinsleep?A.Theroomisdecoratedwell.B.Theroomisfreefromrubbish.C.Theroommakesyoufeelatease.D.Theroomshowsdifferenttones.DThesoundsoftheNorthernLightshavebeenamysterytoscientistsforoveracentury.Butnowitseemsthataresearcherhasfiguredouthowauroras(极光)reallymakesounds.“Ithasprettymuchbeenconfirmedallovertheworld,”historianFionaAmerysaid.“InCanada,NorwayandRussia,theyareallhearingverymuchthesamesounds.”“Theaurorascanoccurhundredsofkilometersabovetheground,whichstrengthensopinionsthattheirsoundsarejustafalseimpression,”saidFiona.Manyscientistsarguedthataurorasweretoofarawaytohearandthatanysoundwouldtakeseveralminutestoreachtheground,soitwasimpossibleforthemtochangeintimewiththeauroras.However,otherscientistswereconvincedthattheNorthernLightsreallymadenoises.Inthe1920s,CanadianastronomerClarenceChantfirstsuggestedamechanismbywhichtheycouldoccur:Themotionoftheauroracausedchangesintheelectrificationoftheatmospherethatcreatedcracklingsoundsclosetotheground.Almost100yearslater,Clarence’ssuggestionseemsclosetowhatcouldbethetruereasonforthesounds.In2012,anexpertnamedUntoLaineshowedarecordingofauroralsoundsafteryearsofmonitoringauroras.In2016,heannouncedthemechanismthatmakesthesounds:aninversionlayer(逆温层)ofcoldairintheatmospherethatcanformbelowanauroraandashortdistanceabovethegroundincalmweather.Untoarguesthatvisiblechangesintheauroracausechangesintheinversionlayer,causingaccumulatedelectricitytodischargeassparks(火花)thatcreatesoundsthatcanbeheard.Thatexplainshowthesoundscorrespondwiththeaurora’svisiblemovements—theybegintohappenintheinversionlayeronlyabout75metersabovetheobserver.12.WhatarethewordsFionasaidinParagraph2mainlyabout?A.TheexistenceofthesoundsoftheNorthernLights.B.TheneedtomakefulluseoftheNorthernLights.C.TheproblemscausedbytheNorthernLights.D.ThecauseoftheNorthernLights.13.WhatcanwelearnaboutClarence’ssuggestioninthe1920s?A.Itmatchedalotofoldideas.B.Itwaswellrecognizedthen.C.Itmightbeofgreatvalue.D.Itwasatotalfailure.

714.Howdoestheauthorconveyhisideainthetext?A.Bylistingresearchnumbers.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byprovidingexplanations.D.Bygivingexamples.15.Whichisthemostsuitabletitleforthetext?A.CanWeEnjoytheNorthernLights?B.DotheNorthernLightsMakeSounds?C.WhyShouldWeStudytheNorthernLights?D.HowDotheNorthernLightsComeintoBeing?5.【湖北省高中名校联盟2023届新高三第一次联合测评】CTherearemanysourcesofdebateonalongToadtrip,includingrouteselection,thechoiceofsnacks,and,probablymostimportantly,whattoPlayontheradio.Findingawayforallpartiestolistentotheirownaudiowithouttheneedforheadphoneshasbeenagoalofcarmakersfordecades,andscientistsmayhavefinallymanagedit.AteamfromtheUniversityofLeMansinFrancecarefullypositionedmicrophones,speakersandfilters（过滤器）tocreatepersonalisedsoundzones(PSZs)insideacar,andthesmallregionsarewheresoundfromasetofspeakerscanbeheardclearly.Outsidethese,itcannotbeheard.Onebarrierwhichscientistshavepreviouslybeenunabletoovercomewastheimpactofmovingone’sseat.TheywereabletoformaPSZ,butunabletomoveittofollowapersoniftheymovedtheseatforwardsorbackwards.TheFrenchteamcreatedanewalgorithm(算法)specificallytotacklethisissue,whichhandlesthesoundwavestocreate“bright”and“dark”zonesinthecar.“Loudspeakersareplacedintheheadrests,andspecificfiltersforeachtransducer(换能器)arecalculatedtoreproduceasoundsignalthatmaintainsgoodqualityinthezoneunderconsiderationandisstronglyweakenedinotherzones.”saidDrLucasVindrola,theauthorofthestudy.“Thekeytothetechniqueworkingproperlyishavingsufficientmicrophonesplacedaroundthecartodetecthowmanypeopleareinthecarandwheretheyaresitting.Thepricetopayistohavecontrolmicrophonesinthepassengersection,sothatthealgorithmcanwork.”However,thetechniqueisnotyetreadytobecommerciallyrolledoutasaluxuriousoptionalextrajustyet,asitcurrentlyworksonlyforalimitedrangeoffrequencies.28.Whatwasonceachallengeforscientists?A.PSZscouldhardlybeformed.B.Thesoundofmovingaseatisloud,C.Theycouldn’tcreatemovablePSZs.D.Theseatscouldn’tbemovedbackandforth.29.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Howtheimpactofmovingone’sseatwasaddressed.B.Whyenoughmicrophonesareplacedaroundthecar.C.Whenthealgorithmcanworkwellforallpassengers.

8D.Where“bright”and“dark”zonesarecreatedinthecar.30.Whatcanweinferaboutthenewtechnique?A.Itcurrentlyworkswithoutlimitation.B.Ithasbeenputintousecommercially.C.Itcanfunctionwellwithenoughmicrophones.D.Itiscostlytodetectthepositionofmicrophones.31.Whatisthemainpurposeofthepassage?A.Tolaunchanewdebate.B.Totackleanoldproblem.C.Toadvertiseanalgorithm.D.Tointroduceanewtechnology.DSeveraldaysagoSpanishfashionbrandZarasparkedafeedebateafterreleasingitslatestcampaignfeaturingaChinesemodelwithfreckles（雀斑）.Actually,therearesomedifferentbeautystandardsbetweentheEastandtheWest.InEastAsia,frecklesmightbeconsidereda“destructiveweakness”forcelebrities,especiallyactorsorsingers.Althoughnormalpeopledon’tcarethatmuch,subconsciouslytheymightprefera“clean”face.Generallyspeaking,frecklesaremorelikelytoappearifpeopleareoutinthesunfrequently,andmostEastAsianwomenavoidthesunasbesttheycan.Havingfreckles,instead,isatrademarkforunconventionalbeautyintheWesternworld,andsomecallfreckles“angelkisses”.Formostwesterners,havingfrecklesisnolongerjustsomethingyouhavetolivewith;instead,itissomethingtobedesired.Afterall,noteveryoneisluckyenoughtohavefreckles.Whenitcomestoeyeshapes,itseemsWesternandChinesebeautystandardsdon’tseeeye-to-eye.ManyChinesethinkgirlswithbigeyesarethemostbeautiful.Iftheireyeshaveadoublefoldeyelid,thatisconsideredperfect.However,mostforeignersseemtopreferChinesegirlswithslanted（斜的）andnarroweyesandeyebrows.ChineseknownmodelLyvYanisoftenconsideredthecountry’smostbeautifulbyforeigners,whilequiteafewChinesepeoplethinkherappearancedoesn’tfitwithtraditionalbeautystandards.Young,girlyfeatureorhotandmaturefeature?ZhaoLiyingfromChina,AragakiYuifromJapanandLimYoon-AfromSouthKoreaenjoyhighpopularityinAsia,astheyboastbrightfaceswithwarmsmiles,whichwinthemlotsofmalefans.ThethreeyoungcelebritiesrepresentAsia’sbeautystandards:womenwithcute,girlyfeatures.MostwomeninAsiatrytheirbesttostayyoungaccordingly.UnlikeChinesegirls,Westerngirlsthinkamorematurelookshowsindependenceanduniqueness.ThesuperheroWonderWomanisanidealtypeformost.AstiescontinuetogrowbetweenChinaandtheWest,itisunavoidablethatthesebeautystandardsdevelop.Butonething’sforsure—nomatterhowyoulook,youarewhoyouare,andthatshouldbesatisfactionenough.32.Whatdomostwesternpeoplethinkofhavingfreckles?A.Itissomethingunbearable.B.Itisadestructiveweakness.A.Itissomethingtowishfor.D.Itisasymboloftraditionalbeauty.

933.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“seeeye-to-eye”meaninParagraph4?A.Havethesameopinion.B.Recognizetheirstrengths.C.Misunderstandeachother.D.Argueagainstoneanother.34.Whydowesterngirlsprefertoappearmature?A.Theythinkthisbeautystandardisbetter.B.Theywanttolookindependentandunique.C.TheyhopetohavehighpopularityinAsia.D.TheyadmireWonderWomanverymuch.35.Whatdoesthetextmainlytalkabout?A.WhatZara’sbeautystandardis.B.WhyChinesepeopledon’tlikefreckles.C.Whatcausesthedifferentbeautystandards.D.Howeasternersandwesternersthinkofbeauty.6.【江苏省南通市通州、兴化、泗洪2022-2023学年高三上学期第一次质量监测考试】CAnewstudyfocusedonbirdsexamineshowthemovementsofriversintheAmazonhavecontributedtothatarea’sexceptionalbiologicaldiversity.Theresearchteam,ledbytheAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory,foundthatassmallriversystemschangeovertime,theyspurtheevolutionofnewspecies.ThefindingsalsorevealpreviouslyunknownbirdspeciesintheAmazonthatareonlyfoundinsmallareasnexttothesedynamicriversystems,puttingthemathighriskofextinction.ThelowlandrainforestsoftheAmazonRiverbasinharbor(藏匿)morediversitythananyotherecosystemontheplanet.Itisalsoagloballyimportantbiome(生物群落)containingabout18percentofalltreesonEarthandcarryingmorefreshwaterthanthenextsevenlargestriverbasinscombined.ResearchershavelongwonderedandhotlydebatedhowtheAmazon’srichbiodiversityaroseandaccumulated.“EarlyevolutionarybiologistslikeAlfredRusselWallacenoticedthatmanyspeciesofprimatesandbirdsdifferacrossoppositeriverbanksintheAmazon,”saidthestudy’sleadauthorLukasMusher.“Moreover,accumulatinggeologicalevidencehassuggestedthattheseriversarehighlydynamic,movingaroundtheSouthAmericanlandscapeoverrelativelyshorttimeperiods,ontheorderofthousandsortensofthousandsofyears.”ToinvestigatehowthemovementofriversacrossthelandscapehasinfluencedtheaccumulationofbirdspeciesintheAmazon,theresearcherssequencedthegenomes(基因组)ofsixspeciesofAmazonianbirds.Becausetheseriversmovearoundthelandscapeatdifferenttimescales,theirmovementscanhavevaryingoutcomesforbirdspecies:whenriverrearrangementsoccurquickly,populationsofbirdsoneachsidecancombinebeforethey’vehadtimetodiffer;whenriverchangeshappenslowly,specieshavealongertimetodivergefromoneanother.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“spur”inParagraph1mean?A.Stimulate.B.Renew.C.Pursue.D.Interrupt.

109.Whathaveresearchersdebatedon?A.WhattheAmazon’sbiodiversityindicates.B.HowtheAmazon’sbiodiversitywasformed.C.WhethertheAmazonhastherichestbiodiversity.D.WhyAmazonbirdspeciesareatriskofdistinction.10.WhatcanweconcludefromLukasMusher’swords?A.TherearesixspeciesofAmericanbirds.B.RiversmoveveryslowlyinSouthAmerica.C.MostspeciesdifferacrossoppositeAmazonriverbanks.D.RivermovementmayleadtotheAmazon’sbiodiversity.11.WhathasinfluencedthechangeofbirdspeciesintheAmazon?A.Thelocationofrivermovement.B.Thepopulationsofbirds.C.Thespeedofrivermovement.D.Theamountofthegenomes.DChina’sfirstgroupofe-sportsmajorgraduateswillemergeinthesummerof2021,withdatashowingthateventhoughthismajorhasbeenunderestimatedbythepublic,thefutureappearspromisingastherearehundredsofthousandsofrelatedjobsavailable.AftertheMinistryofEducationdecidedthat“electronicsportsandmanagement”shouldbelistedincolleges’majordepartmentsinSeptember2016,around30Chineseuniversitieskickedofftheire-sportsmajorcoursesinthesameyear,tomeettheneedsoftheriseofe-sportsrelatedindustriesintheChinesemarket.“Themajorisdesignedtomeetthedemand,”saidZhengDuo,co-founderofTianjinHeroSportsManagementandavisitingprofessorfromtheCommunicationUniversityofChina(CUC).Chinesepassionfore-sportsisnotindoubt,withmorethan18,000e-sportscompaniesregisteredasof2021,accordingtocorporatedatabaseQichacha.Thenumberofe-sportsusersinChinareached500millionin2021,andthemarkethadavalueofmorethan145billionyuanasof2020,accordingtoChineseconsultinggroupiResearch.Meanwhile,theindustrychainisbecomingmorecomplete.Jobsinareassuchassupervisionandcontentproductionrequiretalentandtraining.Thenumberofavailablejobsisestimatedat500,000,andcouldreach3.5millioninthenextfiveyears,accordingtoChina’sMinistryofHumanResourcesandSocialSecurity.Well-knownuniversitiessuchasCUCandtheShanghaiTheatreAcademyhaverespondedtothecountry’scallandarepreparinggraduatesforthee-sportsmarket.Yetnoteverymajorgraduateisqualifiedforthepositionsavailable,asthejobsnormallyrequirepracticalexperience,whichissomethingalotofgraduateslack.Industryinsidershaveindicatedthate-sportsisanindustrywithrapiditeration(迭代),andsomecompaniesprefertohirepeoplewithexperienceinsteadofspendingtimetrainingrecruits.Roughlyhalfofthegraduateswillenterthegamingindustry,saidXiaoPi,ane-sportsmajorgraduatefromCUC.“Someoftherestwillpursuefurtherstudiesfortheirmaster’sdegree.”“Eventhoughe-sportsmajorshaveadvantagesinfindingjobs,studentsneedpracticalexperiencetobettersuitthedifferentpositions,”saidGuLiming,presidentofPerfectWorldGames.12.Whatdothepublicthinkofe-sportsmajorsaccordingtothetext?A.Theydon’texistinjobmarkets.B.Theydeserveapromisingfuture.C.Theydon’thaveawideappeal.

11D.Theyreplacemanyothermajors.13.Whydiduniversitiesstarttooffere-sportsmajorcoursesin2016?A.Theyhadgreatpassionforelectronicsports.B.Theywantedtorespondtothepublic’scall.C.Theyhadthepotentialfore-sportscourses.D.Theywantedtomeetthesocialdemands.14.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A.E-sportshavealargedatabase.B.E-sportsseealarger-scalemarket.C.E-sportsgetadvicefromiResearch.D.E-sportsarisefromacompletechain.15.Whatdoe-sportsgraduatesreallyneedtobebetterqualifiedforthepositions?A.Thefiercecompetition.B.Familiaritywithmarkets.C.Practicalexperience.D.Amaster’sdegree.7.【江苏南京六校联合体2023届高三联合调研试题】TouristsvisitingtheCanaryIslandscanoftenhearlocalscommunicatingoverlongdistancesbywhistling—notatune,buttheSpanishlanguage.ThelocalsarecommunicatinginSilbo,amuchmorewidespreaduseofwhistledlanguages.Inatleast80culturesworldwide,peoplehavedevelopedwhistledversionsoftheirlocallanguageswhenthecircumstancescallforit.Whistledlanguagesarealmostalwaysdevelopedbytraditionalculturesthatliveinmountainousregionsorindenseforests.That’sbecausewhistledspeechcarriesmuchfartherthanordinaryspeechorshouting,saysJulienMeyer,alinguistwhoexploresthetopicofwhistledlanguages.Skilledwhistlerscanreach120decibels(分贝)—louderthanacarspeaker.Asaresult,whistledspeechcanbeunderstoodupto10timesasfarawayasordinaryshoutingcan.Thatletspeoplecommunicatewhentheycannotgetcloseenoughtoshout.Whistledlanguagesworkbecausemanyofthekeyelementsofspeechcanbeimitatedinawhistle.Wedistinguishonespeechsoundfromanotherbyminordifferencesintheirsoundfrequencypatterns.Whistlerscanexpressallofthesedistinctionsbyvaryingthepitch(音高)oftheirwhistle.Andtheskillcanbeadaptedtoanylanguage,eventhosethathavenotraditionofwhistling.However,whistledlanguagesaredisappearingrapidlyallovertheworld,andsome—suchasthewhistledformoftheTepehualanguageinMexico—havealreadydisappeared.Modernizationislargelytoblame,saysMeyer,whopointstoroadsasthebiggestfactor.“That’swhyyoustillfindwhistledspeechonlyinplacesthatarevery,veryremote,thathavehadlessaccesstoroads,”hesays.Fortunately,thereisstillarayofhope.UNESCOhaslistedtwowhistledlanguages—SilbointheCanaryIslands,andawhistledTurkish—aselementsoftheworld’sintangibleculturalheritage.Suchattentioncanleadtoconservationefforts.IntheCanaryIslands,forexample,Silboisnowtaughtinschools.“Ifpeoplehadn’tmadethateffort,Silbowouldprobablyhavedisappeared,”saysMeyer.There,atleast,thefutureofthewhistledlanguagelooksbright.

1228.WhatcanbelearnedaboutSilbo?A.Itisanendangeredtune.B.Itisemployedtoentertaintourists.C.Itisusedinmorethan80cultures.D.ItisawhistledversionofSpanish.29.Whatarewhistledlanguagesmainlyusedtodo?A.Passonsecretinformation.B.Getmessagesacrossoverlongdistances.C.Imitatethesoundpatternsofotherlanguages.D.Showminordifferencesbetweenspeechsounds.30.WhyarewhistledlanguagesdisappearingaccordingtoMeyer?A.Lackofskilledteachers.B.Contactwithmodernity.C.Difficultyinlearningthem.D.Popularityofofficiallanguages.31.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardsthefutureofSilbo?A.Uncertain.B.Dissatisfied.C.Optimistic.D.Uncaring.8.【湖北省孝感市部分名校2022-2023学年高三上学期联考英语试题】CAppleshavealwaysplayedasignificantyetdiverseroleinhistory.Todayapplescontinuetoastonishinmedicinewithheadlinesreportingthatanappleadayreallydoeshavehealthbenefits.In2013,researchersinOxfordsuggestedthateitheranappleadayorastatin(akindofdrug)seemedtobeequallysuccessfulatpreventingheartattacksandstrokesinpeopleovertheageof50.EPICstudy,oneofthebiggeststudiesofitskind,involveshalfamillionpeopleandlooksattheeffectsofeatingfruitandvegetablesondisease.Participantsconsumingatleasteightportionsadayhadanastonishing22%lowerriskofheartdisease,andrisksofsomecancerswereslightlyreduced.However,othercancerswereunaffected,andtherewasnorealeffectondiabetes.Howmightthehumbleapplebedeclaringwaronheartdiseaseandcancer,twoofourbiggestkillers?Theanswermightlieinpolyphenols(多酚)inapples,whichisusefulforprotectingthefruitfromdiseaseandalsogivingitcolorandflavor.Theyhavethepotentialtoprotectourbodybyreducingbloodstickinessandcholesterol(胆固醇)levels.Severalstudiesalsoshowareductioninbloodpressurewhenmorefruitandvegetablesareeaten.Furthermore,applescontainafibrecalledpectin(果胶)whichstickstocholesterolinthebody,slowingtheirabsorption.Whatisclearisthattheappleisacomplexmixofcomponents,workingtogetherforthegoodofourhealth.Butcanweeatenoughapplesadaytokeepthedoctoraway?Eatingtoomanymaynotbeagoodidea,especiallywithariskoflastingexposuretolowlevelsofpesticide.Somepeopleareevenallergictoapples,andtheycanwearawayouterlayeroftooth.TheDepartmentofHealth’sadvicetoconsume“5-a-day”(includingbothfruitandvegetables)mightbearealisticstartingpoint.8.Whichofthefollowingdotheresearchersagreewith?A.Anappleadaycansuccessfullycureheartdiseases.B.Eatingfruitandvegetablescanreducediabetesgreatly.C.Applesandmedicinehavesimilareffectinsomecases.

13D.Thoseeatingappleshavealowerriskofallcancers.9.Whyarepolyphenolsandpectinmentionedinthetext?A.Tomakeacomparison.B.Togiveadviceonhealth.C.Totellwhatapplescontain.D.Toclarifyhowappleswork.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“5-a-day”inthelastparagraphreferto?A.Anappleandfivevegetablesperday.B.Fiveapplesindifferenttimeseveryday.C.Twoapplesandthreevegetableseveryday.D.Fiveportionsoffruitandvegetablesperday.11.Whereisthetextprobablytakenfrom?A.Abiologytextbook.B.Ahealthmagazine.C.Atravelbrochure.D.Anursingreport.DEmergingeconomiesstruggledtogrowthroughthe2010sandpessimismcoversthemnow.PeoplewonderhowtheywillpaydebtsduringtheCOVID-19andhowtheycangrowrapidlyastheydidinthepastinaneraofdeglobalisation(去全球化).Thefreshestofmanyanswerstothisissueisthefast-spreadingdigitalrevolution.Thedigitalrevolutionisalreadyasprogressiveinemergingeconomiesasdevelopedones.Amongthetop30nationsbyincomefromdigitalservicesasashareofgrossdomesticproduct(GDP),16areintheemergingworld.Indonesia,forexample,isfurtheradvancedbythismeasurethanFranceorCanada.Andsince2017,digitalincomehasbeengrowinginemergingcountriesatanaverageannualpaceof26percent,comparedwith11percentinthedevelopedones.Howcanitbethatpoorernationsareadoptingcommondigitaltechnologiesfasterthantherich?Oneexplanationishabitanditsabsence.Insocietiesfilledwithphysicalstoresandservices,customersareoftencomfortablewiththemandslowtoabandontheproviders.Incountrieswherepeoplehavedifficultyevenfindingabankoradoctor,theywilljumpatthefirstdigitaloptionthatcomesalong.Outsidershaveahardtimegraspingtheimpactdigitalservicescanhaveonunderserved(服务不足的)populations.Nationslackinginschools,hospitalsandbankscanquicklybridgethesegapsbyestablishingonlineservices.Thoughonly5percentofKenyanscarrycreditcards,morethan70percenthaveaccesstodigitalbanking.It’searlydays,too.AseconomistCarlotaPerezhasshown,techrevolutionslastalongtime.Innovationslikethecarandthesteamenginewerestilltransformingeconomieshalfacenturylater.Now,thefadingeraofglobalisationwilllimitthenumberofemergingmarkets,buttheeraofrapiddigitisationhasonlyjustbegun.Thisoffersmanydevelopingeconomiesarevolutionarynewpathtocatchupwiththelivingstandardsofthedevelopedworld.12.Whatcanweknowaboutthedigitalrevolution?A.Itincreasespeople’sdebtsindeglobalisation.B.Itpreventsemergingeconomyfromdeveloping.C.Itadvancesinemerginganddevelopedeconomies.D.ItdevelopsmostrapidlyinIndonesiaintermsofGDP.13.Wherearepeoplemorewillingtoacceptdigitalservices?A.Ineconomieslackinginonlineservices.B.Incountriesshortofbasicphysicalfacilities.C.Innationswithadequatestoresandservices.

14D.Insocietieseasytoaccessdoctorsandbanks.14.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthefutureofdigitisation?A.Stable.B.Hopeful.C.Depressing.D.Challenging.15.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Digitaltechnologysavesemergingeconomies.B.Deglobalisationlimitstechnologyrevolutions.C.Emergingeconomiesstruggleinthepandemic.D.Digitalrevolutiongrowsbetteringlobalisation.9.【辽宁六校2022~2023学年上高三初考】CSomeoftheworld’sbestCoffeaarabicaisgrownonMountKenya.Thisvarietyoftheplantproducesbeansthataretastierthanthosefromitspoorcousin,Coffeacanephora(knownasrobusta),whichoftenendsupininstantcoffee(速溶咖啡).However,globalwarmingmayreducethetotalareathatismostsuitedtogrowingarabicabeansbyabouthalfby2050.Somefarmersaretryingtoadapttowarmingbymovinguphill.Yetthispushesthemintoareaslongusedforgrowingtea.Notonlyistherelessspacehigherup;themovestresseshowwarmingalsothreatenstoharmtheteacrop,whichsupportsabout10%ofKenya’spopulation.Warmerweatherwillpushteaitselfhigheruparea.Kenya’sgovernment-fundedCoffeeResearchInstituteistryingtofindotherwaysofhelpingfarmersadapt,suchasencouragingthemtoplanttreestoshadetheircoffeebushes,ortogrowhardier(适应性更强)robustaplants.Itisalsotryingtoplantahybrid,Arabusta,whichwouldcombinethehardinessofrobustawiththeflavourofarabica.Coffeesnobsmayturnuptheirnosesatit,buttheymayhavenootherchoices.However,suchadaptationsmaybringsocialcosts.Manysmallholderfarmersareatriskofbeingpushedoutoftheindustryaltogetherbecausetheycannotaffordthemoneyneededtoprotecttheircrops.Anotheroptionmaybeentirelynewvarieties.ResearchersinLondonarestudyingawildtypeofcoffee,Coffeastenophylla.Itisdeliciousandcanalsotaketheheat.Butitproduceslowerharvestthanexistingvarietiesanditmaybeyearsbeforeitiswidelygrown.Withoutabreakthroughofsomesort,caffeineaddictsmayfaceafuturetoounpleasanttoimagine.“Ifwedon’thavetheinnovation(创新)torespondtoclimatechallenges,”VernLongofWorldCoffeeResearchsays,“we’rejustgoingtobedrinkingman-madecoffee.”8.InwhatwayisCoffeaarabicabetterthanCoffearobusta?A.Flavor.B.Harvest.C.Hardiness.D.Sales.9.Whatdoestheunderlined“it”refertoinParagraph3?A.Robusta.B.Arabica.C.Arabusta.D.Stenophylla.10.Whatmightbetheimpactofthegovernment’spolicy?A.Goodmoneywillbebroughtin.B.Theareasofteacropwillbereduced.C.Thecostofcoffee-plantingmaydrop.D.Smallholdercoffeefarmersmaydisappear.11.What’sthepurposeofthistext?

15A.Togivesuggestionstocoffeefarmers.B.Torecommendnewvarietiesofcoffee.C.Tointroducecoffeeindustryunderthreat.D.Tolistpossiblesolutionstoclimatechanges.DContraryto“popularopinion”,thescientificpursuitforknowledgeisnotapredictableprocess.Tomakenewdiscoveries,researchersneedthefreedomtobecreative,fail,andlearnbychance.Thisaspectissimilartoart.ThisiswhyWageningenscientistslooktoartistsforinspirationandexchangeideasabouthowtoincreasecreativefreedom.“Scienceandartaretwodifferentwaystomakesomethingunderstandable.Theybothprovideaperspectiveonreality,”saysBiochemistryProfessorDolfWeijers.“Fromtheoutside,theresearchprocesslooksveryformalandtheartisticprocesslookssomewhatmessy.Butthescientificprocesscanalsounfoldinanunpredictableway.”“Scientistscanlearnalotfromartists,”saysWeijers.“Associationandcreativityarecentraltoart.Thoseaspectsrequiremoreattentioninscienceasthecreativeprocessisthekeyofscience.”“Asascientist,youusedifferentmethods,butitisequallyabouthowyouvisualize(可视化)yourunderstandingofrealityandtheconnectionsthatthereare.Thisissometimesjustasvisualasart,”saysWeijers.OneexampleisarecentspecialprojectinwhichWeijersandhiscolleagueJorisSprakel,professorofPhysicalChemistryandSoftMatter,measuredtheforcesthatactonplantcells.Amolecular(分子的)sensorwasusedtovisualizethedifferentforces.Theyshowedtheresultsincolorfulimages,eachrepresentingadifferentforce.Whatscienceandartalsohaveincommonisthattheyaretopicsofdiscussioninsociety.Therearepeoplewhosaythattheydonotvalueartandpeoplewhomistrustscience.Weijerssays,“Itoftencreatesthewrongimpressionbecauseonlytheresultsofscientificstudiesarepresented,andpeopledonothaveanyinsightintotheprocessleadingtodiscovery.Asascientist,youaredoubtedifyousaythatsomethingisdifferentafewyearslater.Thenyouareviewedasunreliable.Butwhatisoftenpoorlyunderstoodisthattherearenofinalresultsinscience.Whatwescientistscanachieveinthecomingperiodistoprovidemorechancesforpeopletofocusontheprocess.Personally,Ithinkthattheconnectionwithartcanhelptoleadthefocusontheprocessthantheresult.”12.Whatmightbethe“popularopinion”aboutthescientificdiscovery?A.Itiscreative.B.Itcanbeaccidental.C.Itallowsfailures.D.Itispredictable.13.InDolfWeijers’sview,theartisticprocess_________.A.totallydiffersfromthescientificoneB.normallylooksformalandcontrolledC.offersinspirationforscientificresearchD.focusesonputtingthemessyinorder14.WhydoestheauthormentionDolfWeijers’sresearchonplantcells?A.Toprovethatsciencecanbevisualizedlikeart.B.Tostressthatunderstandingscienceisdifficult.C.Toshowthevalueofhisscientificachievements.D.Totellobviousdifferencesbetweenscienceandart.15.WhatdoesDolfWeijerssayaboutscientificstudies?

16A.Theyhavelittletodowiththediscoveries.B.Theirprocessshouldbemoreopentopeople.C.Theyalwayspresentunchangedfinalresults.D.Theirfocusisnottheprocessbuttheresult.10.【河南省九师联盟2022-2023学年高三开学考】Climatesciencehasbeenrapidlyadvancinginrecentyears,butthefoundationswerelaidhundredsofyearsago.Inthe1820s,FrenchscientistJosephFouriertheorizedthatEarthmusthavesomewayofkeepingheatandthattheatmospheremayplaysomerole.In1850,AmericanscientistEuniceNewtonFooteputthermometers(温度计)inglassbottlesandexperimentedwithplacingtheminsunlight.Insidethebottles,Footecompareddryair,wetair,N2,O2andCO,andfoundthatthebottlecontaininghumidairwarmedupmoreandstayedhotterlongerthanthebottlecontainingdryair,andthatitwasfollowedbythebottlecontainingCO2.In1859,IrishscientistJohnTyndallbeganmeasuringhowmuchheatdifferentgasesintheatmosphereabsorb.Andin1896,SwedishscientistSvanteArrheniusconcludedthatmoreCO2intheatmospherewouldcausetheplanettoheatup:Thesefindingsplantedsomeoftheearliestseedsofclimatescience.Thefirstcriticalbreakthroughhappenedin1967whenSyukuroManabeandRichardWetheraldconnectedenergyabsorbedbytheatmospheretotheairmovementverticallyoverEarth.Theybuiltamodelwhichfirstincludedallthemainphysicalprocessesrelatedtoclimatechanges.Thepredictionsandtheexplanationsbasedontheirmodelstillholdtrueintherealworldalmosthalfacenturylater.Themodelwasimprovedinthe1980sbyKlausHasselmannwhoconnectedshort-termweatherpatternswithlong-termclimatechanges.Hasselmannfoundthatevenrandomweatherdatacouldyieldinsightintobroaderpatterns.“Thegreatestuncertaintyinthemodelremainswhathumanbeingswilldo.Figuringitoutis1,000timesharderthanunderstandingthephysicsbehindclimatechanges,”Manabesaid.“Therearemanythingswecandotopreventclimatechange.Thewholequestioniswhetherpeoplewillrealizethatsomethingwhichwillhappenin20or30yearsissomethingyouhavetorespondtonow.”So,it’suptoustosolvetheproblemthatthesepioneershelpedtheworldunderstand.12.Whatdoestheword“humid”underlinedinparagraph2mean?A.Cool.B.Cold.C.Dry.D.Wet.13.WhatisKlausHasselmann’scontributiontoclimatescience?A.HefoundthatCO2causesglobalwarming.B.Heinventedauniquemeasuringinstrument.C.HeimprovedManabeandWetherald’smodel.D.Hebuiltareliablemodelonclimatechange.14.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Thebiggestproblemwiththeclimatemodel.B.Thenecessityforhumanbeingstotakeactionnow.C.Thechallengeofunderstandingclimatechange.D.Measurestobetakentopreventclimatechange.

1715.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.NegativeEffectsoftheGlobalWarmingB.HistoricBreakthroughsinClimateScienceC.MainCausesLeadingtoClimateChangeD.DifficultiesofPreventingClimateChange11.【浙江省2023届A9协作体暑假返校联考高三英语试题】CKatherineRooks,aDenver-basedwriter,hadsenthersonatextmessageaboutcominghomefromschool."Icouldtellfromhisresponsethathebecameupsetsuddenlyinourthread.Andwhenhecamehome,hecameoverandsaid,'Whatdidyoumeanbythis?"Rookswasconfused."SowelookedatthetexttogetherandIsaid,'Well,Imeant,seeyoulater,orsomething.Idon'trememberexactlywhatitsaid.'Andhesaid,'Butyouendedwithafullstop!Ithoughtyouwerereallyangry!"Rookswasn'tangry,andsheexplainedtohersonthat,well,periodsarehowyouendasentence.Butintext-messaging—atleastforyoungeradult-periodsdomorethanjustendasentence:theyalsocansetatone.GretchenMcCulloch,alinguist,saidthatwhenitcomestotext-messaging,theperiodhaslostitsoriginalpurpose.Butthatdoesn'tmeantheperiodhaslostallthepurposesintext-messaging.Nowitcanbeusedtoindicateseriousnessorasenseoffinality."Butcautionisneeded,"saidMcCulloch,notingthatproblemscanstarttoarisewhenyoucombineaperiodwithapositiveemotion,like"sure"or"soundsgood".Aperiodcanaccidentallysetatone.ArecentstudyconductedbyBinghamtonUniversitypsychologyprofessorCeliaKlinconfirmedthis.Researchersaskedundergraduatestoevaluateatextexchangethatincludedaninnocentquestionandtheanswer"Yes".Somesaw"Yes"withaperiodandsomesawthewordwithout.Theyfoundconsistentlythroughmanyexperimentsthat"Yes"withaperiodresultedinresponsesthatweremorenegative.Sopeoplethought"Yes"withaperiodwaslessfriendly,lesssincere,andsoon."Ireallydon'tlikegettingtextmessagesthatendinperiodsbecauseitalwaysfeelssopassive-aggressive,"saidJuanAbenanteRincon,24,asocialmediamanagerforAdidas."Like,areyoumad?What'sgoingon?Like,didIdosomethingwrong?"Klinsaidthisdemonstrateslanguageisconstantlychanging."Languageevolutionhashappened;it'llcontinuetohappen,andisn'titgreatthatwe'resolinguisticallyflexibleandcreative?"28.WhydoesthetextbeginwithKatherine'sconflictwithherson?A.Toleadintheuseofperiodintexting.B.Toemphasizethegreatpowerofwords.C.Toshowyoungsters'attitudestowardstexting.D.Tosuggesttherightuseofpunctuationmarks.29.WhyisJuanAbenanteRinconmentionedinthetext?A.Tomakeassessmentsontherecentstudy.B.Toconfirmthefindingsoftherecentstudy.C.Toputforwarddoubtsabouttherecentstudy.D.Toshowgreatoppositionfortherecentstudy.30.WhatisCeliaKlin'sattitudetowardsthechangesinthemeaningsoffullstops?

18A.Disapproving.B.Conservative.C.Worried.D.Positive.31.Whatcanbethesuitabletitleofthepassage?A.FullStops:BeOriginalB.FullStops:BeCautiousC.LanguageEvolution:BeFlexibleD.LanguageEvolution:BeConsistentDTheBeijingWinterOlympicsandParalympicssawmanyexcellentathletescompeteontheiceandsnow,promptinganenthusiasmforwintersportsinChina.Infact,thecountryhashadadeeprelationshipwithwintersportssinceancienttimes,withskiingoriginatingintheAltayprefectureofXinjiangUygurautonomousregion.In2005,cavepaintingsofAltaypeoplehuntingonskiswithpoleswerediscovered,whicharchaeologistsestimatedcouldbemorethan10,000yearsold.Sincethen,Altayhasbeenrecognizedbymanyasoneofthebirthplacesofskiing,accordingtoXinhua.AsoneoftherichestcollectionsofancientrockartinChina,thereareherdsofcamels,sheep,wolvesandhumanfigures.ThepaintingontheroofofacaveinDundebulakevillageofAltayprefecturedepictshumansonskis,bendingtheirkneesastheytravelalongsideanimals,includingdeerandmoose.TherockartinDundcbulakeiswellpreservedbecausethepictographs(象形文字)arewellhiddeninthecave.Additionally,Alta'sdryclimatehasbeenausefulpreservingagent,accordingtoa2016researchpaperpublishedbytheHebeiNormalUniversity.Uniquegeographicalandclimaticconditionsmakeskiinganindispensablepartoflocalpeople'slives.TheclimateinAltayismildandnottoowindy,soskiersarelessaffectedbyweatherconditions,allowingthemtosafelymovefaster.Unlikethemodemskisweusenowadays,furskishavebeenusedasameansoftransportationforthesnowfieldinhabitantsofAltayformorethan100centuries,accordingtorockcarvingsuncoveredinthearea.Makingskishasbeenatraditionalskill.Thehandmadeskishavealayerofhorseskin.Thefuronthehorseskincanhelpdecreasefriction(摩擦力)whentheyslidedownthehill,whiletheskisalsopreventskiersfromfallingwhentheywalkup.Atthesametime,theyhaveawoodenstickinhandtokeepbalance,accordingtoChinaDaily.Furskicompetitionshavebeenheldannuallybythelocalgovernment.Manylocalswoulddisplaytheirmaneuvers(高超的移动)atthecompetitions.32.WhichofthefollowingisevidencethatAltayisoneofthebirthplacesofskiing?A.Altaypeopleworeskistohuntanimals.B.Themodemskisareverysimilartofurskis.C.Localpeoplehaveusedfurskisforalongtime.

19D.Humansonskisweredepictedincavedrawings.33.WhathavefurskisbeenusedforinAltaysinceancienttimes?A.Hunting.B.Transportation.C.Competition.D.Entertainment.34.Howdoeshorseskinbenefitskiers?A.Ithelpsthembettercontroldirections.B.Itmakesthemslidemorecomfortably.C.Ithelpsthemslidedownsmoothly.D.Ithelpsthemkeepsteadywhilesliding.35.Whatdoesthearticlemainlytalkabout?A.TheoriginsofskiinginAltay.B.TheancientrockartfoundinAltay.C.ThedevelopmentofskiinginChina.D.ThecurrentpopularityofskiinginAltay.12.【浙江省七彩阳光新高考研究联盟2022-2023学年高三上学期9月返校联考】Whetheryou'reacitizen,consumerorinvestor,itisfastbecomingakeylifeskilltomakeoutgreenwashing,awordmeaningacompanyclaimsthatitsproductsareenvironmentallyfriendlybutactuallynotgreenatall.Misleadingornotprovedclaimsaboutbenefitstoclimatecanmakeitharderforpeopletomakeinformeddecisions.Theycanalsoweakenrealeffortsbycompaniestocleanuptheiractanddealwiththeclimatecrisis.Thebasicproblemisalackofclarity.Indeed,whenitcomestospottinggreenwashing,itcanactuallybemorehelpfultofocusonthecolorgrey—becauseitisthemanygreyareasthathavehelpedmakegreenwashingappearinparticularplaces.Thesegreyareasmightbearoundmeasurements,definitions,bestpractice,standardsorregulations.Eventhelanguageweuseisveryimprecise,leavinglotsofroomforvagueness,confusionorcompletecheating.Forinstance,whatdowordssuchas“green”,“sustainable”and“eco”evenmean?Youhavenostandards,measurementsordefinitionstojudgeby.Theseproblemsareincreasinglyimportantwhenitcomestothegreenwashingofinvestmentproducts,suchaspensionsandinvestmentfunds.Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasharpriseinconsumerdemandforfundsthatinvestaccordingtoenvironmental,socialandgovernancecriteria,oftenreferredtoasESGfunds.AccordingtothefinancialdataproviderMorningstar,thevalueofassets(资产)heldinUKfundsgrewfrom£29bnatthebeginningof2017to£71bnbytheendof2020.Withthatmuchmoneyatriskforhighprofits,misleadingclaimscaneffectivelyhampertheflowofmoneyandresourcesintoreallygreennewplansandbusinesses,preventingglobaleffortsfromdealingwiththeclimateemergency.“Idescribeitasthe'teenageyears'ofresponsibleinvesting,withalotofexperimentation,andalotofpeopletryingoutnewthings.”saysAshleyHamiltonClaxton.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbecalledgreenwashing?A.Aproductthatisclaimedtobenefittheclimate.B.Aproductthatcanbeenwashedinagreenway.

20C.Aproductthatisabsolutelyenvironmentallyfriendly.D.Aproductthatisclaimedtobegreenwhilenotthecase.5.What'sthemajorcauseoftheproblemofgreenwashing?A.Theproduct'sdescriptionisnotclear.B.Thelanguageisn'tgrammaticallyright.C.Therearenosuchwordsas“sustainable”.D.Thecompanydoesn'tsayit's“green”and“eco”.6.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“hamper”probablymean?A.putB.clarifyC.stopD.divide7.Whatcanyouinferfromthelastparagraph?A.MuchmoneyenableshighprofitsB.Responsibleinvestingisstillatitsearlystage.C.Moremoneyisinvestedinrealgreenbusinesses.D.Alotofpeopleareunwillingtotryoutnewthings.Harvestingdrinkingwaterfromwetairaroundtheclock?Nowthistechnologyisclosetothetheoreticalidealaim.Asreal-worldtestsontheroofofanETHbuildinginZurichrevealed,thenewtechnologycanproduceatleasttwiceasmuchwaterperareaperdayasthebestcurrentpassivetechnologies:thesmallexperimentalsystemwithapane(一格玻璃)diameterof10centimetersdelivered4.6millilitersofwaterperdayunderreal-worldconditions.Largerdeviceswithlargerpaneswouldgeneratemorewaterasaresult.Theresearchersdemonstratedthatunderidealconditions,theycouldharvestupto0.53decilitresofwaterpersquaremeterofpanesurfaceperhour.“Thisisclosetothetheoreticalmaximumof0.6decilitresperhour,whichisphysicallythegreatestamount.”IwanHächlersays.HeisadoctoralstudentinDimosPoulikakos's(ETHZurich)ThermodynamicsGroup.Othertechnologiestypicallynecessitatewipingcondensed(冷凝的)waterfromasurface,whichrequiresenergy.Withoutthisstep,alargeportionofthecondensedwaterwouldholdontothesurfaceandbecomeunusable,preventingfurthercondensation.TheETHZurichresearcherscoatedtheundersideofthepaneintheirwatercondenserwithanovelsuperhydrophobic(extremelywater-resistant)coating.Asaresult,thecondensedwaterbeadsupandrunsorjumpsoffonitsown.“Unlikeothertechnologies,ourscantrulyfunctionwithoutanyadditionalenergy,whichisasignificantadvantage,”Hächlersaid.Theresearchers’goalwastocreateatechnologyforwater-stressedcountries,particularlydevelopingandemergingeconomies.Theybelievethatnowisthetimeforotherscientiststofurtherdevelopthistechnologyorcombineitwithothermethods,suchaswaterdesalination,toincreasetheiryield.Thecoatingofthepanesisrelativelysimple,andlargerwatercondensersthanthecurrentpilotsystemshouldbepossible.Severalwatercondenserscouldbepositionedsidebysidetopiecetogetheralarge-scalesystem,similartohowsolarcellshaveseveralmodulessetupnexttoeachother.8.WhyarethenumbersusedinParagraph2-3?A.Toshowthestrengthsofthepresenttechnology.B.Toexplainthetheoryofanewwatercollectingdevice.

21C.Todemonstratethegreatdifficultytheresearchersmet.D.Tomakevividtheclose-to-idealefficiencyofthenewtechnology9.What’stheuniqueadvantageofthenewtechnology?A.Itusesadevicetowipeoffcondensedwater.B.Itenablesthewaterdropstorunoffbyitself.C.Itconsumesaverysmallamountofenergy.D.Ithastheupsideofthepanespeciallycoated.10.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.ThenewtechnologyhasbeenputintouseB.Otherscientistshavebeenimprovingthedevice.C.Developedcountriesareingreatneedofthisdevice.D.Itmaytakesometimetofurtherdevelopthetechnology.13.【湖北省“宜荆荆恩”2023届高三起点考试】CThoughitseffectsarenotalwaysvisibletothehumaneye,plasticischokinglifeonEarth.Theprocessformanufacturingplasticworsensclimatechange,andthespreadingofplasticintheenvironmenthasledtoheartbreakingsights.Thentherecameadaydream:Canwecreatesomethingthatwillconsumeit?Anewstudysuggeststhatanenzyme(酶)whichtargetspolyethyleneterephthalate(PET)—awidely-usedsubstancefoundinamajorityofconsumerpackagingproductsthatcontains12percentofallglobalwaste—couldmakethatscientificdream,whichisalsonecessity,intoareality.ThekeyingredientwasnnaturalenzymeknownasPETase,accordingtothepaperpublishedinthescientificjournalNature.Usingamachinelearningmodel,scientistsattheUniversityofTexasfiguredoutwhatchangeswouldcausetheenzymetobeabletoquicklybreakdownthetargetedtypesofplasticwaste.“Ithasbeenawell-exploredprobleminmanyindustries,”HalAIper,aprofessorinChemicalEngineering,said,“Therefore,wefeelthatthispartoftheproblemiseasilyachievableinashortperiodoftime.Themorechallengingaspectwillbemakingenzymebreakdownonalargescalewithmixedplasticswaste.”Thiswasnotthefirstefforttosolvetheplasticpollutionproblem.InMarch2016,Japaneseresearchersfoundabacteriathatwould“eat“theplasticuntilitturnedintosludge(泥浆).Lastyear,scientistsattheUniversityofEdinburghannouncedthatE.Coli,acommonbacterium,couldbeusedtochangePETintoakindofmaterial,whichmightbeabletobesafelyconsumedbyhumans.JoannaSadler,abiotechnologyprofessorattheUniversityofEdinburgh,characterizedthenewenzymeasthe“fastestenzymereportedtodate”intermsofthespeedofbreakingdowndifferentplastics.“Thismakesitaverypromisingtechnologicaldevelopmentinthefield,anddemonstratesthebetteradaptedusageofthisenzyme,”Sadlersaid.8.What’sthefunctionofthefirstparagraph?A.Toexplainauniquephenomenon.B.Tostimulatethereaders’curiosity.C.Toanalyzethecauseofthesituation.

22D.Toprovidesomebackgroundinformation.9.Whatisthechallengingproblemscientistsarefacing?A.Turningthescientificdreamintoareality.B.Causingtheenzymetoworkmoreeffectively.C.Puttingamachinelearningmodelintopractice.D.Makingtheenzymedissolveplasticsmassively.10.WhyaretheexamplesmentionedinParagraph6?A.Toevaluatethescientists’previousefforts.B.Tointroducesomesimilarbiologicalmeans.C.Toprovethepossibilityofrecyclingplastics.D.Tostresstheimportanceofplastic-eatingbacteria.11.WhichwordbestdescribesSadler’sattitudetotheenzyme?A.Skeptical.B.Objective.C.Optimistic.D.Critical.DIthasbeenknownforsometimethatchildrenareabletolearnatbreathtakingspeed.Buthowdoesitwork?That’swhatresearchershavenowfoundout.Usinganartificialintelligencetoolandaneye-trackerthattracksthemovementsofababy’seyes,scientistsfromtheThundersResearchInstituteforBrain,CognitionandBehaviorinvestigatedoneofchildren’sgreatestmysteriesandcametoasurprisingconclusion.Itmayseemverydifferent,butbabiesarecertainlynotlyingaroundrandomly.“Babiesdon’texploretheworldbychance,withtheireyesfallingonit.Babieshaveastrategyiftheywanttounderstandtheworld.First,theylookforthosepiecesofinformationthatallowthemtounderstandotherinformationfasterandmoreefficiently.Onthecontrary,iftheyseeanobjectoreventfromwhichtheycanlearnnothingfurther,theysimplyrejectit.Onlytheinformationusefultothem,theyselect.”saysDrFrancescoPoli.Thatsoundseasier,evenforababy,thandone.Buthowdoesababyknowwhatisimportantandwhatisnot?“Let’stakeagoodexample:learningtotalk.Whatweseeasalwaysisthatbabieswhoareabouttosaytheirfirstwordbegintoinvestigateafewweeksbeforehowtousetheirmouthstotalk.Insteadoflookingattheeyesinfaces,theystudycarefullyforweeksthemouthsofthepeoplewhotalktothem.Sotheyareinaconstantstateofmaximumlearningcapacity!”“Babiesbuildtheirknowledge.Theyarelikelittlescientistswholiketoseetheirideachallenged.Forexample,theylearnveryquicklythatobjectsfalldownanddon’tjustdisappear.Andthisiswhytheylovebubbles(泡沫)somuch:theydofloatupandthendisappear!”12.Whatisthesurprisingconclusionaboutchildren?A.Theyexploretheworldpurposefully.B.Theyareattractedtoallinformation.C.Theyarebreathtakinglyfastlearners.D.Theypossessexceptionalintelligence.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inParagraph3referto?A.Studyingfurther.B.Observingtheworld.C.Learningstrategically.D.Understandinginformation.14.Whycanbubblesfascinatebabiesgreatly?A.Theymakelittlescientists’lifecolorful.B.Theychallengebabies’existingcognition.C.Theyprovewhatbabieshavejustlearned.D.Theyfloatupquicklyanddon’tjustdisappear.

2315.Whichwordcanbestdescribebabylearnersaccordingtotheauthor?A.Confidentandoptimistic.B.Observantandcapable.C.Consistentandpersistent.D.Dynamicandresponsible.14.【江西省省重点校联盟2022-2023学年高三入学摸底联考】CNoisybrothersorsisters?Loudconstructionrightoutsideyourwindow?Aflexiblenewloudspeakercouldhelpyouresteasy.Itcouldsomedayturnyourwallsintonoise-cancelingsystems.Andwhenyou’rereadytoliventhingsup,usethesamewallpaper—orthesurfacesofotherordinaryobjectsinyourroom—toplaymusic.Thenewloudspeakerissuperthin—aboutasthickasafewsheetsofpaper.It’slightweightandflexibleenoughtosticktomostsurfaces.Andyoucanmakeitbig,asinwall-sized,notesJinchiHan.He’sanelectricalengineerattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyinCambridge.Lotsofdome-shaped(圆顶状)microstructurescoverthesurfaceofthespeaker.Theresearchersstartwithathin,flatsheetofsomematerial.Thentheyusepressuretopullthatmaterialthroughopeningstocreatethedomeshapes.Whensqueezed,thematerialtheyusecreatesanelectriccharge.Butapplyinganelectricfieldacrossthematerialwillalsocausethedomestoexpandandcontract,Hanexplains.Thatcangeneratesound.Hanpointstoanotherbenefitofthistech.Largeexpansesofthenewmaterialcouldmakecontrollingnoisealoteasier.Noise-cancelingsystemsalreadyexist.Butwhetheritworksforalistenerdependsonwherethatlistener’searsareinrelationtotheapproachingsoundwaves.TryingtocancelnoisethiswayeverywhereinsidearoomwouldbetrickyHanpointsout.Itwouldtakelotsofmicrophonesandspeakers,whichcanbeexpensive.Here,eachdomeworksasatinyspeaker.Thedomescangeneratesoundwavesingroupsorindividually.Wallpaperingyourbedroomwiththismaterialwouldcreatespeakersallaroundyou.Thosesamespeakersalsocouldcancelunwantedsound.Whendesired,youcouldturnanyspaceinto“aquietzonewhereyoucouldsleeporstudywithouttoomuchnoise,”Hansays.Healsoseesapplicationsincars,airplanes,apartmentsoranywhereunwantednoiseisaproblem.8Whatisthenewfeatureoftheloudspeaker?A.Itisverybiginsize.B.Itismadeofakindofpaper.C.Itcanproducehighqualitysound.D.Itcansticktomostobjectseasily.9.Whatisparagraph3mainlyabout?A.Whatthespeakerlookslike.B.Howthesoundisproduced.C.Howthedomesarecreated.D.Whatfunctionsthedomeshave.10.Whatdecidestheeffectoftheoldnoise-cancelingsystems?A.Thenumberofdomesintheloudspeakers.B.Thelengthoftheapproachingsoundwaves.

24C.Thedistancebetweenearsandsoundwaves.D.Thefrequencyofthenewlyproducedwaves.11.Whichwordcanbeusedtodescribethistechnology?A.Popular.B.Promising.C.Complex.D.Expensive.DWanttohelpbutterflies?Anewstudysuggeststurningoffthelights.Lightpollutionatnightcandisturbitsabilitiestorecognizedirections,researchershavefound.Artificiallightcandisrupttheircircadian(昼夜)rhythmsandaffecttheirsenseofdirections.Thatcanmakethebutterfliesdisorientedwhentheytrytoflythenextday.“Darknessisimportanttobutterfliessincetheinternalcircadianclockofbutterfliesfunctionsnormallywhentheyareexposedtonaturalday-nightlightingcycles,”studyauthorPatrickGuerra,anassistantprofessorattheUniversityofCincinnati,tellsTreehugger.Monarchbutterfliesmigrate(迁徙)bythemillionseachyear,makingthetripfromnorthernareasofthecontinenttoCaliforniaandMexicoandback.Becausemostbutterfliesonlyliveforafewweekstoafewmonths,ittakesseveralgenerationsofbutterfliestocompletethemigration.Buttoomuchlightatthewrongtimecanurgethebutterfliestotakeoffwhentheyshouldberestinginsteadfortheirvoyage.“Asmonarchbutterfliesareathreatenedspecieswiththeirpopulationnumbersindecline,wewantedtoseewhattypesofenvironmentalstressmightbelinkedtotheirdecline,”Guerrasays.Fortheirstudy,researchersconductedlabstudieswheretheyreproducedtheeffectsofartificiallightpollutionwithbutterfliesusingaflightsimulator(模拟器).Theyfirsttestedifmonarchstreatedasingle,artificiallightsourceasifitweretheactualsunduringtheday.Oncetheyestablishedwhattheydid,theythentestedhowthemonarchswouldbehavewhenexposedtothissameartificiallightsourceduringtheirnight.Butterfliesstayedquietandunmovingwhentheywerefirstplacedintheflightsimulatorinthedark.Butassoonasscientiststurnedonthelight,theystartedflying.Thelightmadethembelievethatnightwasdayandthiscancausethemtoflylongeratnightorstartflyingtooearly.“Thesefindingsdemonstratehowurbanizationcannegativelyaffectimportantbiologicalphenomena,andthereforeallowustounderstandhowhumanactivityimpactstherestofnature,”Guerrasays.12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disoriented”inparagraph2probablymean?A.Slowdown.B.Dieoff.C.Feelsleepy.D.Getlost.13.Whatdidtheresearcherswanttofindoutinthestudy?A.Whythemonarchbutterfliesmigrate.B.Whatreducedthenumberofmonarchbutterflies.C.Whydarknessisimportanttomonarchbutterflies.D.Howmonarchbutterfliesadapttotheenvironment.14.Whatmightbeusedintheexperiment?A.Aflashlight.B.Thesun.C.Themoon.D.Aclock.15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.NaturalLightIsImportanttoInsectsB.MonarchButterfliesAreinGreatDanger

25C.ButterfliesReactActivelytoAirPollutionD.LightPollutionCanAffectButterflyMigration15.【云南省昆明市五华区2022-2023学年高三上学期教学质量摸底检测】CWehumansrelyonaseriesofsignstorecognizeourfriends,suchastheirsmiles,theirvoices,orthewaytheywalk.Biologistshaveknownforseveraldecadesthatdolphinsformclosefriendships,andthatthecetaceans(鲸类)identifyfriendsbytheiruniquewhistles.Nownewsurprisingresearchsuggestsbottlenosedolphinsusetheirsenseoftastetorecognizetheirfriendsfromunrelateddolphinsthroughtheirurine(小便).StudyleaderJasonBruck,amarinebiologistatStephenF.AustinStateUniversityinTexas,didn’tsetouttotestwhetherbottlenosedolphinscouldidentifyeachotherthroughtheirurine.Hisoriginalgoalwastotestwhetherdolphinsusetheirsignaturewhistlesinthesamewaypeoplerelyonnames.Buttodothat,heneededasecondwayfordolphinstoidentifyeachother.Tofindoutifdolphinscouldassociateawhistlewithaspecificdolphin,Bruckturnedtoanunlikelysubstance:urine.Ascientisthadpreviouslyobservedwilddolphinspurposefullyswimmingthroughurine,leadingBrucktosuspecttheyweregatheringinformationfromit.“Itwasashotinthedark,”saysBruck,whosestudywaspublishedthisweekinthejournalScienceAdvances.“AndIwasnotexpectingittowork,tobehonest.”Inexperimentsusingcageddolphins,theteamdiscoveredthatdolphinspaidmoreattentiontotheirfriends’urineandwhistles,suggestingtheyknewtheanimalsthatissuedthem,hesays.Thefindingsarethefirststrongevidenceofananimalidentifyingothermembersofitsspeciesusingtaste.Theyalsoshowthatbyusingatleasttwosignstoidentifyindividuals,dolphinshaveacomplexunderstandingoftheirfamilyandfriends—muchashumansdo.8.WhydidBruckturntourine?A.Toshowthetypesofwhistles.B.Tostudydolphins’swimmingstyles.C.Totestdolphins’abilityofrecognition.D.Toprotectdolphins’livingconditions.9.WhatdoesBruckthinkofhisstudy?A.Itisbeyonddescription.B.Itisbeyondhisexpectation.C.Itmatcheshisprediction.D.Itgoesagainstpreviousobservation.10.What’sthemainideaofthetext?A.Dolphinscanidentifytheirfriendsbytaste.B.DolphinsshowdeeplovefortheirfriendsC.Cetaceanscontributemuchtomodernscience.D.Cetaceanshavemuchincommonwithhumans.11.Whatisthetext?A.Ashortstory.B.Abookreview.C.Abiologist’sstory.D.Asciencereport.DChildrenaremorelikelytopreferfoodstheybelievetobenaturaltohuman-madeoptions,ratingthemhigherfortastiness,safetyanddesirability,astudyshows.

26ResearchersattheUniversitiesofEdinburghandYalestudiedthepreferencesofmorethan374adultsandchildrenintheUnitedStateswhenpresentedwithapplesandorangejuiceandtoldoftheirorigins.Inonestudy,137childrenaged6to10yearsoldwereshownthreeapples.Theyweretoldonewasgrownonafarm,onewasmadeinalab,andanothergrownonatreeinsidealab.Adultstookpartinthesamestudytocompareagegroups.Bothchildrenandadultspreferredapplestheybelievedweregrownonfarmstothosegrowninlabs,researchersfound.Childrenweremorelikelytorefertofreshness,beingoutside,orsunlightwhenconsideringwhytheychosethefarmapple.Adultsweremorelikelytomentionnaturalness.Inasecondstudy,85childrenaged5to7yearsoldandagroupof64adultswereshownfourdifferentkindsoforangejuice—onedescribedassqueezedonafarm,onewithnoinformationaboutit,onewithchemicalsremovedandonedescribedashavingchemicalsadded.Researchersfoundthattheinformationonthejuice’snaturalnesshadasignificanteffectonitsrating.Theparticipantstendedtochoosethemorenaturaloptionbasedonperceivedtaste,safetyanddesiretoconsume.DrMattiWilksoftheUniversityofEdinburgh’sSchoolofPhilosophy,PsychologyandLanguageSciencessaid,“Overallweprovideevidencethatourtendencytoprefernaturalfoodispresentinchildhood.Thisresearchoffersafirststeptowardsunderstandinghowthesepreferencesareformed,includingwhethertheyaresociallylearnedandwhatdrivesourtendencytoprefernaturalthings.”12.Howdidresearchersdrawtheirconclusion?A.Bydoingexperiments.B.Byanalyzingreasons.C.Bytestingchildren’stastes.D.Bystudyingdifferentfruits.13.Whatcanbeinferredaboutthetwostudiesmentionedinthetext?A.Adultspreferapplestoorangejuice.B.Chemicalsdoharmtoeaters’health.C.Naturalnessattractsdifferentagegroups.D.Labsarewherefruitscanbeeasilyplanted.14.What’sDrWilks’attitudetowardthestudy?A.Doubtful.B.Tolerant.C.Uncaring.D.Positive.15.Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.WhichtoChoose,ApplesorOrangeJuice?B.WheretoGrowFruits,onFarmsorinLabs?C.NaturalFoodIsMoreMouth-wateringtoChildrenD.DifferentAgeGroupsShowDifferentPreferences