2022-2023学年高一英语单元复习(人教版2019必修一)01 Unit 4词汇篇

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2022-2023学年高一英语单元复习过过过(人教版2019必修第一册)Unit4词汇1.ruinn.[U]毁坏;毁灭;崩溃;n.[C](pl.)废墟;遗迹;v.(使)破产;(使)堕落;毁灭【教材原句】Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins.(P50)在不到一分钟的时间内,一个大城市变成一片废墟。【拓展记忆】(1)lie/beinruins　　　　　成为废墟bring...toruin使……毁灭;使……没落(2)ruinoneself自取灭亡ruinone’shealth/fame/future毁坏某人的健康/名誉/前途2.affectvt.影响;感动;(疾病)侵袭【典型例句】Hespendstoomuchtimeonmaths,andthisinturnaffectstheprogressofhisothersubjects.他花了很多时间在数学上,这反过来影响其他学科的进程。【拓展记忆】(1)begreatly/deeplyaffectedby　　被……深深打动beaffectedwithhighfever发高烧(2)effectn.作用;影响haveaneffect/influenceon对……产生影响　【要点识记】affectvt.感动;影响→affectionn.喜爱;感情→affectional情感上的;爱情的→affective情感的;表达感情的→affecting动人的;感人的3.trapvt.使陷入困境;n.陷阱;困境【典型例句】(2018·北京高考)Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrappedinthemountainsfortwodays.一位援救队员冒着生命危险救了陷在山中两天的两位游客。【拓展记忆】(1)betrappedin...　　　　　被困在……中trapsb.into(doingsth.)诱使某人(做某事)(2)fallintoatrap落入圈套setatrapforsb.给某人设圈套4.shockvt.&vi.(使)震惊;震动n.休克;打击;震惊【典型例句】学科网（北京）股份有限公司

1Thesurvivorslayonthebeach,exhaustedandshocked.幸存人员躺在海岸上,又惊又累。【拓展记忆】beshockedtodosth.　　　　　做某事很震惊beshockedat...对……感到震惊ashockto...使……吃惊【要点识记】electricshock触电;电休克culturalshock文化冲突5.buryvt.掩埋;埋葬;使专心,使沉浸;隐藏【教材原句】Thearmysent150,000soldierstoTangshantodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.(P50)部队派出150,000名战士去唐山将受困的人们挖出来,并掩埋死者。【拓展记忆】(1)buryone’shead/faceinhands　　　双手抱头/掩面(2)beburiedin=buryoneselfin专心于beburiedinthought沉思注：表示“专注于某事”的动词短语还有以下几个:beabsorbedin,bedevotedto,belostin,focuson,concentrateon等。6.cometoanend结束【教材原句】Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!(P50)仿佛世界末日即将来临!【拓展记忆】(1)attheendof...　　　在……尽头,在……末端bytheendof到……结束时,到……时候为止intheend最后;终于(2)cometoanend结束putanendtosth.结束;终结make(both)endsmeet使收支相抵,量入为出(3)endupwith以……结束endupdoingsth.以做……结束【要点识记】cometoaconclusion得出结论cometoone’sassistance援助某人cometoone’said帮助某人学科网（北京）股份有限公司

27.Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat.鸡群,甚至是猪群都太紧张了而不吃东西。【典型例句】Iwasthentooyoungtounderstandthemeaningofthefilm.我当时太年幼,不理解这部电影的含义。【句型公式】(1)too+adj./adv.(forsb.)+todosth.表示否定的意义,意思是“(对某人来说)太……而不能……”。(2)当too...to...用来修饰表达人的态度、情绪倾向的形容词如anxious,eager,glad,happy,pleased,ready,willing等时,不定式表示肯定意义。(3)can’t/cannever...too...再怎么……也不过分。8.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend!仿佛世界末日即将来临! 【典型例句】Paulfoughtthewolfbravelyasifhewereasuperman.保罗仿佛是一位超人勇敢地与狼作斗争。【句型公式】Itseemed/seems(tosb.)that/asif...(对某人来说)似乎……(1)如果从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的,从句谓语用陈述语气。(2)如果从句所陈述情况是不真实的或极少可能发生的,从句谓语用虚拟语气。与现在事实相反:did/were与过去事实相反:haddone与将来事实相反:would/could...+do(3)如asif/though引导的从句中的主语和主句的主语相同,且含有be动词,可省略从句主语和be动词。9.damagen.&vt.损失;损害【典型例句】Damagedbutnotdefeated,hewasstillaheadofme.他受到了伤害,但没有被打败,他仍然在我前面。【易混辨析】辨析:ruin,destroy与damageruin指一次性、彻底地毁坏,无可挽回的伤害,但不一定完全毁灭。此外,ruin多用于借喻中,泛指一般的“坏了”。inruins意为“成为废墟;遭到严重破坏”destroy强调以摧毁或杀伤性的力量把某物彻底毁掉,使之无法复原;有时用于比喻,意为“打破(希望,计划);使失败”damage损失,损坏;多用于无生命的东西,指“价值、用途降低或外表损坏”等,不一定全部破坏,损坏了还可以修复;这种破坏是自然灾害或人为过失造成的【拓展记忆】causedamageto对……造成危害10.strikevt.&vi.(struck,struck/stricken,striking)打;撞击;罢工;袭击;报时;划(火柴)/n.[C,U]罢工学科网（北京）股份有限公司

3【典型例句】Greatlystruckbythebeautyofthelanguage,IthoughthoweventodayShakespeare’swritingremainspowerfulandtrue.我被精彩的语言深深打动,思考着莎士比亚的作品居然在今天还是那么真实、有力。【拓展记忆】(1)bestruckwith/by　　　为……所袭击(感动)Itstrikessb.that...某人突然想到……(2)strike...intoone’sheart使……刻骨铭心(3)beonstrike在罢工goonstrike举行罢工11.onhand现有(尤指帮助)【典型例句】Hewantstoseemenow,butIhavesomuchworkonhandthatIwouldratherhecometomorrowthantoday.他现在想见我,但是我现有这么多的工作以至于我宁愿他明天来。【拓展记忆】inhand　　　　　　在手头;在处理中athand在手边;可能很快发生的byhand用手工handin交上;提交handout分发handover交出;移交handon交付,传递handdown宣布,把……传下去lendsb.ahand伸出援手shakehands握手handinhand手拉手;密切关联putone’shandson找到ontheonehand...ontheotherhand...一方面……另一方面……12.sweepaway消灭;彻底消除【典型例句】Anydoubtshadlongsincebeensweptaway.一切怀疑早已完全消除。【拓展记忆】sweepup　　　　　　　　　打扫;清扫sweepover/across/around扫视;掠过sweepthrough扫过;掠过学科网（北京）股份有限公司

4第一部分单元词汇默写本I.核心单词1.　　n.&vt.营救;救援2.vt.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失3.vt.摧毁;毁灭4.vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动5.n.避难处;居所;庇护vt.保护;掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)6.vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱7.vt.埋葬;安葬8.vi.&vt.呼吸9.n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力10.n.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品vt.供应;供给II.拓展单词1.diev.死(亡)→n.死;死亡→adj.死的;无生命的2.shockvt.(使)震惊;震动→adj.令人震惊的→adj.震惊的3.electricityn.电;电流;电学→adj.电的;用电的→adj.发电的4.breathevt.&vi呼吸→n.呼吸5.wiseadj.聪明的→n.智慧;才智6.suffervt.&vi.遭受;忍受;经历→n.痛苦,苦难7.survivev.生存;生还→n.幸存;继续生存→n.幸存者;残存物8.powern.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力→adj.强大的;强有力的→adj.无力的;没有能力的;无权力的9.emergencyn.突发事件;紧急情况→adj.新兴的10.lengthn.长;长度→adj.长的III..核心短语1.严重受损;破败不堪 2.震惊;吃惊 3.数以万计的 4.谈起;说起;提到;指的是 学科网（北京）股份有限公司

55.至少;起码;无论如何 6.露天;在户外 7.结束 8.站在……(达特定水平) 9.消灭;彻底消除 10.现有(尤指帮助) IV..经典句式1.句型公式:too+adj.+to...太……而不能……Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigswere(太紧张了而不吃东西). 2.句型公式:Itseems/seemedasif...看起来似乎……(看起来似乎)theworldwasatanend! 3.句型公式:whose引导的定语从句Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors(他们的家园)hadbeendestroyed. 第二部分单元词汇运用Ⅰ.单词拼写1.Thisisoneoftheworstnatural______________(灾难)inthearea.2.Withthehelpofherteacherandthroughherown______________(努力),Helengraduatedfromuniversity.3.Youtoldmethatyouwereworriedaboutthosebadstudyhabitswhich______________(影响)yourlearning.4.Firemenwerecalledoutto______________(营救)amantrappedinthebuilding.5.Thepeopleintheearthquakeareaareinneedoffood,medicineand______________(避难处).6.Forty______________(百分比)ofthestudentspointoutthatSeniorOnestudentshavealotmorehomeworktodoeveryday.7.SoIwouldneedoxygentanksplacedonmybacksoIcould______________(呼吸)allthetime.8.Trytokeep______________(镇静的)andjusttellmewhathappened.9.Herbeauty______________(打动)himdeeplyandhedecidedtodateher.10.Iamhavingsomeflowers______________(递送)forherbirthday.Ⅱ.单句语法填空1.Manyhouses_______________________(destroy)andworsestill,manypeoplewereinjuredorsomeevenkilled. 2.Whenshesmiles,itlooksasifthesun_______________________(be)shining.3.Thelifeboatwassentouttorescuethesailors_______________________thesinkingship.4.Thelateflooddidmuchdamage_______________________thevillage.5.He_______________________(trap)inthetrafficjamandfelthelpless. 6._______________________(bury)inthenewspaper,hedidn’tnoticewhatwashappening.7.Donothaveadrinkortakedrugstocalm_______________________(you)down.8.Jackwasn’tsayinganything,buttheteachersmiledathimasifhe_______________________(do)somethingveryclever. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司

69.ThenIsawit—athinarm_______________________(wave)weaklyafewyardsaway.10.WhenIstoppedplayingandlookedup,Iwas_______________________(shock)toseeasmallcrowedaroundus.Ⅲ.完成句子1.Obviously,theydidn’trealizethattheirbehaviorhad_______________________thebeautyofthepark. 很明显,他们没有意识到他们的行为给这个美丽的公园造成了巨大的损坏。2.Ifindthatsheisreally_______________________. 我发现她真的难以相处。3.Allthehouseswereleft_______________________becauseoftheheavyrainstorm. 由于暴风雨,所有的房子都沦为废墟。4.Thebadroadconditions_______________________getthereintime. 糟糕的路况使他们及时到达那里变得很困难。5.Luckily,thewarbetweenthetwocountries_______________________atlast. 幸运的是,两国之间的战争最终结束了。6.I_______________________alone_______________________aheavyrainpoureddown. 我正在街上独自闲逛,这时大雨倾盆而下。7.Theywere_______________________whattodonext. 他们太害怕了,不知道接下来该做什么。8.Idon’tknowwhyheislookingatme_______________________.InfactI’veneverseenhimbefore. 我不知道他为什么一直看着我,好像认识我似的。事实上我之前从未见过他。IV.语法填空　　There1.　　　　　(be)nolightsinsightbutthenightskyglowed(发出)aduskyyellow,becausetheAmazonwasburning.Theyellowflamesengulfed(吞食)trees2.　　　　　litupthesky.Duringtheday,thesunshinewasblocked3.　　　　　thicksmoke.Sofar,thefire4.　　　　　(put)out. Thegovernmenthasrecorded72,843fires.Thefireisjustoneof5.　　　　　(they)intheAmazon,theworld’s6.　　　　　(large)rainforestandafighteragainstclimatechange.AccordingtoBrazil’sspaceresearchagencyINPE,thewildfirehasdecreasedby17percentsofarthisyearcomparedtothesameperiodin2018. Environmental7.　　　　　(group)saidthepoliciesofthegovernmentencourageddeforestation(采伐森林)oftheAmazon,8.　　　　　ledtomorefires.Butthegovernmentpostedareportandwanted9.　　　　　(argue)againstthat.Thegovernmentclaimedthatnon-governmentalorganizations10.　　　　　(angry)setfiretotheforestafteritcuttheirfunding. 参考答案第一部分单元词汇默写本I.核心单词1.rescue　　n.&vt.营救;救援学科网（北京）股份有限公司

72.damagevt.损害;破坏n.损坏;损失3.destroyvt.摧毁;毁灭4.affectvt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动5.sheltern.避难处;居所;庇护vt.保护;掩蔽vi.躲避(风雨或危险)6.trap(trapped,trapped) vt.使落入险境;使陷入圈套n.险境;陷阱7.buryvt.埋葬;安葬8.breathevi.&vt.呼吸9.effortn.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力10.supplyn.供应(量);补给;[pl.]补给品vt.供应;供给II.拓展单词1.diev.死(亡)→deathn.死;死亡→deadadj.死的;无生命的2.shockvt.(使)震惊;震动→shockingadj.令人震惊的→shockedadj.震惊的3.electricityn.电;电流;电学→electricadj.电的;用电的→electricaladj.发电的4.breathevt.&vi呼吸→breathn.呼吸5.wiseadj.聪明的→wisdomn.智慧;才智6.suffervt.&vi.遭受;忍受;经历→sufferingn.痛苦,苦难7.survivev.生存;生还→survivaln.幸存;继续生存→survivorn.幸存者;残存物8.powern.电力供应;能量;力量;控制力→powerfuladj.强大的;强有力的→powerlessadj.无力的;没有能力的;无权力的9.emergencyn.突发事件;紧急情况→emergentadj.新兴的10.lengthn.长;长度→longadj.长的III..核心短语1.inruins严重受损;破败不堪 2.inshock震惊;吃惊 3.tensofthousandsof数以万计的 4.referto谈起;说起;提到;指的是 5.atleast至少;起码;无论如何 6.intheopenair露天;在户外 7.cometoanend结束 8.standatsth.站在……(达特定水平) 9.sweepaway消灭;彻底消除 学科网（北京）股份有限公司

810.onhand现有(尤指帮助) IV.经典句式1.句型公式:too+adj.+to...太……而不能……Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat(太紧张了而不吃东西). 2.句型公式:Itseems/seemedasif...看起来似乎……Itseemedasif(看起来似乎)theworldwasatanend! 3.句型公式:whose引导的定语从句Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomes(他们的家园)hadbeendestroyed. 第二部分单元词汇运用Ⅰ.1.Thisisoneoftheworstnaturaldisasters(灾难)inthearea.2.Withthehelpofherteacherandthroughherownefforts(努力),Helengraduatedfromuniversity.3.Youtoldmethatyouwereworriedaboutthosebadstudyhabitswhichaffected(影响)yourlearning.4.Firemenwerecalledouttorescue(营救)amantrappedinthebuilding.5.Thepeopleintheearthquakeareaareinneedoffood,medicineandshelters(避难处).6.Fortypercent(百分比)ofthestudentspointoutthatSeniorOnestudentshavealotmorehomeworktodoeveryday.7.SoIwouldneedoxygentanksplacedonmybacksoIcouldbreathe(呼吸)allthetime.8.Trytokeepcalm(镇静的)andjusttellmewhathappened.9.Herbeautystruck(打动)himdeeplyandhedecidedtodateher.10.Iamhavingsomeflowersdelivered(递送)forherbirthday.Ⅱ.1.Manyhousesweredestroyed(destroy)andworsestill,manypeoplewereinjuredorsomeevenkilled. 2.Whenshesmiles,itlooksasifthesunwere(be)shining.3.Thelifeboatwassentouttorescuethesailorsfromthesinkingship.4.Thelateflooddidmuchdamagetothevillage.5.Hewastrapped(trap)inthetrafficjamandfelthelpless. 6.Buried(bury)inthenewspaper,hedidn’tnoticewhatwashappening.7.Donothaveadrinkortakedrugstocalmyourself(you)down.8.Jackwasn’tsayinganything,buttheteachersmiledathimasifhehaddone(do)somethingveryclever. 9.ThenIsawit—athinarmwaving(wave)weaklyafewyardsaway.10.WhenIstoppedplayingandlookedup,Iwasshocked(shock)toseeasmallcrowedaroundus.Ⅲ.1.Obviously,theydidn’trealizethattheirbehaviorhaddone/causedgreatdamagetothebeautyofthepark. 2.Ifindthatsheisreallydifficulttogetalongwith. 3.Allthehouseswereleftinruinsbecauseoftheheavyrainstorm. 4.Thebadroadconditionsmadeitdifficultforthemtogetthereintime. 5.Luckily,thewarbetweenthetwocountriescametoanendatlast. 6.Iwaswanderingonthestreetalonewhenaheavyrainpoureddown. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司

97.Theyweretoofrightenedtoknowwhattodonext. 8.Idon’tknowwhyheislookingatmeasifheknewme.InfactI’veneverseenhimbefore. IV.【文章大意】本文讲述了关于亚马逊热带雨林着火原因的不同说法。1.【解析】were。考查主谓一致。句意:眼前没有灯光,但夜空闪着暗黄色的光,因为亚马逊热带雨林正在燃烧。本句为therebe结构,其主语为nolights,故用复数形式,根据上下文可知用一般过去时态,故填were。2.【解析】and。考查并列连词。分析句子结构可知,此处连接谓语动词engulfed和lit,表并列,应用并列连词,故填and。3.【解析】by。考查介词。句意:白天,阳光被浓烟挡住了。根据句意可知,beblockedby“被……阻止”,这里表被动,后接名词,应用介词,故填by。4.【解析】hasbeenput。考查时态和语态。句意:到目前为止,火已经熄灭了。根据时间状语sofar可知本句用现在完成时,又因putout与主语thefire之间为被动关系,故填hasbeenput。5.【解析】them。考查代词。句意:亚马逊雨林是世界上最大的热带雨林,也是对抗气候变化的斗士,火灾只是其中之一。根据其前介词of可知应用代词宾格作宾语,故填them。6.【解析】largest。考查形容词最高级。根据常识判断,亚马逊雨林是世界上“最大的”雨林,故填largest。7.【解析】groups。考查名词复数。句意:环保组织表示,政府的政策鼓励了亚马逊森林的砍伐,这导致了更多的火灾。此处environmentalgroups指环保组织,应用复数形式,故填groups。8.【解析】which。考查定语从句。句意:环保组织表示,政府的政策鼓励了亚马逊森林的砍伐,这导致了更多的火灾。分析句子结构可知,代指前面整句话的内容,在非限制性定语从句中作主语,故填which。9.【解析】toargue。考查非谓语动词。句意:但政府发布了一份报告,想对此进行反驳。want后接动词作宾语,应用不定式形式,故填toargue。10.【解析】angrily。考查副词。句意:政府声称,非政府组织在资金被削减后,愤怒地放火焚烧森林。分析句子成分可知,此处作状语修饰动词短语setfire,应用副词形式,故填angrily。学科网（北京）股份有限公司