备战2022年高考英语一轮复习考点微专题考向06 动词(短语)(原卷版)

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考向06动词（短语）英语动词根据其意义和句法作用，可分为实义动词、连系动词、助动词和情态动词四大类。实义动词又称行为动词，为表示动作或状态的动词，可以单独充当句子的谓语，实义动词有及物动词和不及物动词两类。英语中的动词短语通常由动词加介词、副词、名词等构成，在句中起动词的作用。高考设题时往往都是给出四个不同的动词或短语来测试考生在具体语境中对动词短语词意的辨析及其理解和运用能力。考向一　常用动词辨析1.advise，persuade，suggestadvise用作及物动词，表示＂劝告，忠告，建议＂，强调提醒或引起注意；persuade表示＂说服＂，强调劝说成功，主要搭配是：persuadesb.todosth.说服某人做某事（相当于persuadesb.intodoingsth.）；如表示劝说但不一定成功，则使用trytopersuadesb.todosth.或advisesb.todosth.。suggest用作及物动词，意为＂建议＂，后接名词、代词、动名词或从句，从句中的谓语用＂should＋动词原形＂，should可以省略。2．bring，take，carry，fetchbring＂带来，拿来，取来＂，强调从别处带人或物到说话人所在地。take＂拿走，带走＂，强调把人或物从说话者身边带走，方向与bring相反。fetch＂去拿来，去取来＂，强调从甲地出发到乙地取物或人后，又回到甲地，相当于goandbring。carry＂携带，搬运，运送＂，强调用人力或车辆把人或物从一地运到另一地。3．win，beat，defeatwin表示＂赢得，战胜＂时，宾语多是比赛项目等。winsb.则指＂赢得人心＂。beat/defeat意为＂打败，击败＂，其宾语只能是人或由人组成的机构。如：beatsb.打败某人；defeattheirteam/thecountry/theenemy击败了他们的队/国家/敌人。beat多用于表示在比赛或争论中战胜对手；defeat多用于在战争中打败对手。4．believe，believeinbelieve表示＂相信，认为＂，侧重于相信某人说的话或所做事情的真实性，其后可跟名词、代词、不定式的复合结构或宾语从句。believein表示＂相信，信任，信仰，信奉＂，其后常接真理、宗教、原则之类的名词。☞Youshouldbelieveinyourselfandbelievethatyouwillsucceedoneday.你应该相信自己，并且相信某天你将会成功的。5．book，order

1二者都有＂订购，预订＂之意，但book指订各种＂票，座位＂；而order指＂餐馆订饭、菜，定做衣服，订货＂等，常用结构：placeanorderforsth.withsb.向某人订购某物。对比：bookaticket/twoseats/adoubleroom订一张票/两个座位/一个双人间；orderfourdishes/lunch要四个菜/订好午饭。☞Hebookedatableforfourandorderedsixdishes.他订了一张四人桌，并且要了六个菜。6．choose，select，electchoose表示＂选择，挑选＂，有时也表示＂推选，选举＂，但一般表示范围很小、普通的选择，没有elect正式。select表示＂（精心地）挑选，选定＂，具有＂精选＂之意。elect表示＂选举＂，指较大范围的正式的选举。7．disturb，interruptdisturb是及物动词，有＂打扰，扰乱，使人心神不安＂之意。常用短语：disturbthesleepingchild/one’splan/thepublicpeace打扰睡觉的孩子/打乱计划/扰乱社会治安；bementallydisturbed精神上受到影响；bedisturbedabout对……感到不安。interrupt有＂打断，打扰＂之意，侧重打断。常用短语：interruptthesupplies中断供应interruptone’sspeech打断演讲8．hurt，injure，wound，harmhurt是一般用语，指精神或肉体上受到的伤害，有较强烈的＂疼痛＂意味；injure比hurt更正式，常指意外事故对身体或精神上的＂损害，损伤＂；wound主要指外界暴力引起身体创伤，尤指战争中受的刀、枪、剑等伤；harm指对人的肉体或精神带来伤害，特指伤及一个人或其心态、健康、权利、事业等，使之产生痛苦、损失或任何不幸遭遇。9．miss，losemiss意为＂未能赶上（抓住），错过，失去，漏掉＂。而lose意为＂丢失，迷失方向，迷路＂。10．fit，befitfor，befitto，suitfit用作及物或不及物动词，表示＂（衣服等）合适，使合身＂；befitfor是形容词短语，表示＂适合的，能胜任的＂，for后接名词或动名词；befitto表示＂适合，能胜任＂，to是动词不定式符号，后接动词原形。suit指颜色、款式的＂适合＂，而fit指尺寸、大小的＂合适＂。11．save，spare

2save意为＂储蓄，节省＂，指把钱、时间及其他东西储蓄起来以备将来用，或指节省东西，避免浪费，也指＂救命＂。而spare意为＂省＂，指细心地省下或节省钱、时间、力气等，常表示省出一部分以留作他用。12．seat，sitseat是及物动词，意思是＂使坐下＂，可以接人作宾语，还可以用于被动语态。常见搭配有：seatsb.使某人坐下；seatoneself自己坐下；beseated＝sitdown坐好。而sit是不及物动词，不能带宾语。  【典例示例】（2020·江苏卷·单项填空）Therewillstillbelotsofchallengesifweareto_____garbageinashorttime.A.clarifyB.justifyC.satisfyD.classify【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果我们要在短时间内对垃圾进行分类，仍然会有很多挑战。A.clarify澄清；B.justify证明；C.satisfy满足；D.classify分类。根据空后garbage可知，此处指“对垃圾进行分类”。故选D。（2020·天津卷·单项填空）WeofferedtogiveSharonaridehome,butshe______,sayingthatshefeltlikewalking.A.understoodB.acceptedC.compromisedD.declined【答案】D【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意:我们提出Sharon回家，但她拒绝了，说她想步行回去。A.understood理解；B.accepted接受；C.compromised妥协；D.declined谢绝。根据“sayingthatshefeltlikewalking”可知，Sharon想自己回家，所以她“谢绝”了我们的提议。故选D。（2019·江苏卷·单项填空）34.Acityistheproductofthehumanhandandmind,__________man’sintelligenceandcreativity.A.resemblingB.reflectingC.reviewingD.restoring【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。句意：城市是人类的双手和思想的产物，反映了人的智慧和创造力。resembling像；reflecting反映；reviewing回顾；restoring恢复，根据题意，故选B。（2018·新课标I卷·完形填空）Duringmysecondyearatthecitycollege,Iwastoldthattheeducationdepartmentwasofferinga“free”course,calledThinkingChess,forthreecredits.I41theideaoftakingtheclassbecause,afterall,whodoesn’twantto42afewdollars?41.A.putforwardB.jumpedatC.triedoutD.turneddown42.A.wasteB.earnC.saveD.pay41.B【解析】考查动词短语辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。putforward提出；jumpedat急于接收

3；triedout尝试；turneddown拒绝。故选B。42.C【解析】考查动词辨析。我在大二时，学校教育处提供一种名叫思维象棋的免费课程，这个课程3个学分。我急于接收这个课程，是因为我想节省点钱。waste浪费；earn赚钱；save节省；pay付钱。故选C。考向二　考查同根介词或副词动词短语的辨析使用频率较高的这类动词有：call，cut，come，go，get，go，look，put，set，turn，take，pay，pick，make等。常见的介词或副词有：in，off，out，up，away，for，on，over等。1.动词＋ away构成的短语动词有：throwaway扔掉putaway把……收拾好giveaway捐赠，分发carryaway运走runaway 潜逃，跑开goaway走开2．动词＋ for构成的短语动词有：answerfor负责providefor供给allfor要求planfor打算，为……计划hopefor希望，期待askfor索取，寻找sendfor派人去请gofor努力获取payfor偿还，赔偿3．动词＋on构成的短语动词有：tryon试穿，试验puton穿上，上演haveon穿着，戴着pullon穿，戴holdon不挂断，坚持，继续carryon继续开展，坚持keepon继续goon继续geton上（车）4．动词＋over构成的短语动词有：comeover过来handover移交goover仔细检查，复习getover克服，恢复lookover检查thinkover仔细考虑takeover接受，接管handover 移交turnover翻转5．动词＋ up构成的短语动词有：bringup抚育，培养callup召唤，打电话给comeup走上前来，长出cutup切碎fixup修理giveup放弃；goup 上升，增长growup长大lookup尊敬，向上看，查寻makeup虚构，弥补，组成putup举起，搭建setup建立，创（纪录）pickup 捡起，（开车）接某人，偶然得到sendup发射showup 揭露，露面turnup出现，把……调高一点【典例示例】（2020·天津卷·单项填空）Wecan’t______buyinganewprinterforourcompany.Theonewehavedoesn’twork.

4A.takeupB.carryoutC.keeponD.putoff【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意:我们不能推迟为公司买一台新打印机。我们现在的那个不运转了。A.takeup占据；B.carryout实施；C.keepon继续；D.putoff推迟。根据“theonewehavedoesn’twork”可知，我们平时用的打印机不运转了。所以，我们必须马上买一台新打印机。即:我们不能“推迟”买打印机。故选D。（2019·天津卷·单项填空）9.Kateheardaman’svoiceinthebackground,butshecouldn’t___________whathewassaying.A.setasideB.takebackC.makeoutD.keepoff【答案】C【解析】考查动词词组辨析。句意：凯特听到背景中有一个男人的声音，但她听不清他在说什么。setaside“存储，留出”；takeback“收回，拿回”；makeout“辨认出，理解，了解”；keepoff“（使）避开”。故选C。（2018·江苏卷·完形填空）RaynorWinnandherhusbandMothbecamehomelessduetotheirwronginvestment.Theirsavingshadbeen36topaylawyers’fees.A.drawnupB.usedupC.backedupD.keptup【答案】B【解析】考查动词短语以及对语境的理解。A.drawnup起草；B.usedup用光；C.backedup拥堵；D.keptup保持。根据后面的topaylawyers’fees.提示可知，他们的积蓄都用光了。故选B。（2018·天津卷·单项填空）AtfirstRobertwouldn’tlethisdaughtergodiving,buteventuallyhe___________asshewassoconfidenceaboutherskills.A.gaveinB.dressedupC.brokeinD.turnedup【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：起初，罗伯特不愿让他女儿去潜水，但最终他让步了，因为她对她的技能是如此的有把握。A.gavein屈服，让步；B.dressedup打扮；C.brokein闯入；打断；D.turnedup出现。根据转折词but及原因asshewassoconfidentaboutherskills.可知，最终他让步了。故选A。（2017·江苏卷·完形填空）Inhisfirstyearsofhighschool,Gabrielwouldlookpityinglyatmusicstudents,36（struggling）acrossthecampuswiththeirheavyinstrumentcases,37atschool

5forpracticehours38（before）anyoneelsehadtobethere.A.risingupB.comingupC.drivingupD.turningup【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语。根据＂37atschoolforpracticehours38anyoneelse＂可知，学习音乐的同学需要比不学音乐的早到学校几个小时，为了练习弹奏乐器。turnup在＂出现＂，符合语境。6．动词＋out构成的短语动词有：comeout出来goout出去，熄灭lookout留神，当心walkout走出setout出发，开始putout扑灭，生产giveout发出，发表handout分发pickout挑选findout找出，发现speakout大声地说turnout生产，结果是getout出去，离开carryout实行，执行workout计算出，解决，实行，行得通bringout出版startout 出发，动身。【典例示例】（2017·江苏卷·单项填空）WorkingwiththemedicalteaminAfricahas____________thebestinherasadoctor.A.heldoutB.broughtoutC.pickedoutD.givenout【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。holdout坚持；提供机会；伸出手；B.bringout使显现，阐明，出版；C.pickout使容易看见，找出精心挑选，认出来；D.giveout用完，停止运行，分发，发出，公布。句意：在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了最好的一面。这里取＂使显现＂之意，故选B。考向三　常见同根动词短语辨析1.bringbringin引进，挣得bringabout引起，导致bringup养育，培养，呕吐，提出bringout使展现，推出（书等）bringdown降低，使倒下bringback把……带回来，使忆起bringforth结果，生产，产生bringforward提出，提前bringoff圆满完成（困难之事）2．breakbreakdown崩溃，瓦解，垮掉，失败，分解breakup打碎，分解，分开，结束，制止breakthrough逾越，突破，冲破breakaway（from）挣脱，脱离breakout爆发breakin破门而入

6breakinto进入建筑物以便行窃，突然发出，打扰breakoff折断，中断3．comecomeabout发生comeout结果出来，出版，开花comeacross偶遇，被理解cometrue变为现实comeup走上前，被提出，走近comealong一起来comeupwith产生，发现（解决办法等）4．givegiveup放弃givein屈服，呈交giveout 用尽，耗尽，分发，公布，发表giveoff发出giveaway颁发，赠送，送掉，捐赠5．gogoagainst违背，与……不符，对……不利gowithout勉强维持，凑合goinfor爱好，参加，从事goby过去，依据，按照goon继续，发生goover复习，仔细审查，走近goahead进行gothrough 从头到尾地阅读，经历goaway走开，外出度假，消失gofor去取来或接来，争取得到6．keepkeepaway（from）使远离keepback 扣除，保留，隐瞒不讲keepoff 避开keepon继续keepout 挡在外边，请勿靠近keepup保持，不低落，持续，继续keepupwith跟上keepdown抑制（以防其增长）7．looklookahead向前看lookabout环顾lookback回忆，回顾lookout当心，找出lookup向上看，查阅，看望lookdownupon看不起lookthrough翻阅lookinto调查，向内看lookafter照看，负责处理lookon旁观lookforwardto盼望lookround寻找，边走边看，观光8．putputback放回原处，拨回，阻碍，推迟putdown平定，镇压，记下putaway将事物放置于惯常保存之处，储蓄putforward提出（计划、建议），拨快，提前

7putoff延期puton穿戴，上映putout扑灭，生产putup举起，张贴9．taketakein吸收takefor 误认为takeout 拿出takedown 放下takeup从事，拿起，占据takeoff 飞机起飞，脱下，休假，成功takeby攻占takeafter像takealong 随身携带takeaway带走，拿走，使离去takeback 收回，退回（所购商品）takecharge 负责，掌管takeon呈现，雇佣takeout拿出，带……出去takeover 接管，接任【典例示例】1.（2018·江苏卷·单项填空）Developing the Yangtze River Economic Belt is a systematic project which _______aclearroadmapandtimetable.A.calls forB.calls onC.calls offD.calls up【答案】A【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析及语境理解。句意：发展长江经济带是一项需要清晰的路线图和时间表的系统工程。A.callsfor需要；B.callson号召；C.callsoff取消；D.callsup使想起。故选A。2.Thegeneralmanagerhastoretireduetohisillness.Whodoyouthinkwill________thebusiness?A.takeinB.takeupC.takeonD.takeover【答案】D【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：总经理由于生病必须退休，你认为谁将接管这个公司?takeover＂接管，接手＂，符合句意。takein＂领会，欺骗＂；takeup＂继续，占据(一定的时间或空间)＂；takeon＂承担(责任)，呈现＂。10．turnturnback折回，掉转头turnaway转身，走开，打发走turnout结果是，赶出，生产，制造turndown 拒绝，调小turnoff 关掉turnover翻过来，移交turnin上交（作业等），拐入turninto变成，翻译turnon打开，取决于

8turnto求助于，翻到turnup调大，出现【典例示例】Tomhadto_________theinvitationtothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.A.turninB.turndownC.turnoverD.turnto【答案】B【解析】句意：上个周汤姆不得不拒绝宴会的邀请，因为他太忙了。turnin上交；turndown拒绝；turnover移交；turnto求助。根据句意可知选B。【检测过关】1.Sheisoverweight,butshecan’t_______thetemptationtoeatmoredeliciousfood.A.forbidB.resistC.rejectD.reduce2.Scientistsaretryingtofindoutwhatadvantageshouldbe_______thenaturalresourcesinthisarea.A.takenoffB.takenonC.takenofD.takenup3.Don’tforgetto________yourthingsafteryouhavefinishedyourhomework.A.setasideB.putawayC.takeawayD.putinto4.Bodylanguagecan________alotaboutyourmood,sostandingwithyourarmsfoldedcansendoutasignalthatyouarebeingdefensive.A.breakdownB.giveawayC.putoffD.pickup5.Inthefaceofthissituation,themanagerofthecompanysaidtheywould______newproductstomeettheneedsofcustomers.A.giveoutB.rolloutC.holdoutD.bringout6.Theyouthlikememostlytakealikingtopopmusicmorethanclassicalmusic,whichreally______us.A.turns...downB.turns...inC.turns...overD.turns...off7.Studentswillhavetheirtemperaturesmeasuredatschoolgatesandmustshowa"green"healthcodeonaspecialappthataperson'sinfectionrisk.A.celebratesB.cancelsC.calculatesD.combines8.To______theturkey,peopleoftenprepareotherthings,suchascornbread,mashedpotatoes(土豆泥),andpumpkinorapplepie.A.comeacrossB.gowithC.searchforD.figureout9.Whendealingwithpeoplefromdifferentcultures,weshouldseekcommongroundand______differences.A.registerB.reserveC.requestD.restore

910.Hedidn’trecognizethemanwhohithimbecausehecouldjust____adarkshapemovingtowardshim.A.makeoutB.turnoutC.setoutD.putout11.Themanagerhas______severalprinciplesthathehopeswillguidehisemployeesintheirwork.A.setinB.setoffC.setoutD.setaside12.WheneverIfeellonelyorupset,Ialwaysdosomereading,which______mewell.A.servesB.equipsC.preparesD.informs13.What____anexcellentplayerfromanaverageoneisthattheformerlearnsfromhiserrors,whilethelatterrepeatsthem.A.definesB.describesC.differentiatesD.discourages14.Dr.Coates,afamousarchitectfromItaly,andhisteam_____thedesignofthecity’slandmark.A.committedB.overcameC.undertookD.spoiled15.-ProfessorLi,howcanmysondevelophisinterestinliterature?﹣Youmayfirst_____himtoclassicalliteraryworks.A.devoteB.applyC.assignD.expose16.Somestudentsevendon’tknowthatbyhelpingapartnercheatinatesttheymay_____withthesamepunishment.A.comeupB.endupC.putupD.catchup17.Policieshavebeenmadetohelptheprovincehardhitbythedisasterto________economy.A.reviewB.revealC.recoverD.reserve18.Attheonlinejobfair,studentscanreviewjobopportunities,__________theirCVsandhaveinterviewsremotely.A.dropoffB.makeupC.cutoutD.putaway19.TheideapuzzledmesomuchthatIstoppedforafewsecondstotryto______.A.makeitoverB.makeitoffC.makeitupD.makeitout20.Theregulations_____________anyoneinourschoolwithnobodyanexception.A.goforB.callforC.turntoD.belongto21.IwantedtogotoGreece,andmywifewantedtogotoSpain,sowe_______Italy.A.carriedonB.compromisedonC.concentratedonD.calculatedon22.Thenaughtyboywassocuriousthathe________hisnecktoseewhatwasgoingon.A.fastenedB.stretchedC.exposedD.strengthened

1023.Theeco-friendlywaterbottlesareeasyto______,whichcausesnoharmtotheenvironment.A.breakdownB.burnoutC.burstoutD.putdown24.Thehabitofwritingdowninformationenablespeopletomemorise,to______andtoprocessit,helpingtolearnnewknowledge.A.raiseB.predictC.combineD.present25.Aftercountlessinterviewsandpresentations,Imanagedto_________amongthecandidatesandsurvivethetestalone.A.figureoutB.putoutC.standoutD.giveout26.Cookingtogethergivesusachancetorelaxand_______eachother'sdays.A.throwlightonB.catchuponC.keepcontactwithD.setfootin27.Alzheimer’sdiseaseis_______asthemostcommonmentaldiseaseamongolderpeople,andthenumberofsufferersisgrowing.A.judgedB.translatedC.designedD.recognized28.Alicespentanafternoonhelpinghergrandfathertothestampswhichhehadcollectedforyears.A.makeoutB.watchoutC.sortoutD.putout29.ItisapitythatMcDermott________withaninjuryatthelastminuteinthefinalgame.A.pulledoutB.putupC.tookoffD.caughton30.—“Courage,kindness,friendship,character”arethequalitiesthat______usashumanbeings,andpushus,onoccasion,togreatness.—Absolutely.A.defineB.explainC.stateD.fulfill31.TheheavytrafficduringtheSpringFestivalTravelRushoftenthedifficultiestoobtainaticket.A.arisesfromB.givesoffC.putsoffD.contributesto32.Thespecialknowledgeis______throughfamilies,whichmeansthatnewgenerationscontinuetouseancientmethodstomaintainthetradition.A.takendownB.turneddownC.steppeddownD.passeddown33.Yourdevotiontoworkalldaydoesn't________yourneglectofyourfamily.A.confirmB.justifyC.postponeD.advocate34.-Iamsorrytohavetoomuchofyourtime.-That’sOK,andIamgladtohelpyou.

11A.takenonB.takenupC.takenoffD.takenin35.---Sorryto_____________you,butcouldIaskaquickquestion?---Noproblem.A.troubleB.preventC.disappointD.worry36.Thispartofthebookisn'tveryinteresting,soI'mgoingto_________it.A.denyB.cancelC.skipD.digest37.Thebeautifulscenerywas_________beforethetravelerswhentheyreachedthetopofthehill.A.laidout.B.givenoutC.sentout.D.turnedout.38.—Michelle,haveyougotyouradmissiontothePennsylvaniaStateUniversityasastate-financedstudent?—Ihopeso,butI’mnotsolucky.Ihaveto______mypockettopayformyfurtherstudy.A.turntoB.dipintoC.refertoD.seeto39.Ihavenoformalclothesfortheoccasion.PerhapsIcan______inadarksuit?A.gobyB.passbyC.dropbyD.getby40.WhenIcametothestrangecity,Ibeganto______whatIwoulddotoearnmyliving.A.keeppacewithB.givethoughttoC.makeroomforD.getridof41.EveryonewhoreachedthetopofMountTaiwas______withamagnificentview.A.awardedB.admiredC.rewardedD.appreciated42.Asascientistputsit,avirusiscolorblind,whichdoesnot_____onthebasisofskincolor,religion,orsocialstatus.A.comprehendB.interpretC.correspondD.discriminate43.Thesetwohorseslooksomuchalikethatwecannot______onefromtheother.A.recognizeB.distinguishC.separateD.differ44.Apartywhichtriesto____andtakeaccountofgrass-rootsfeelingsisboundtowinmasssupport.A.breakdownB.catchonC.turnoverD.reachout45.Iftalksaboutanewdeal________,thefootballplayerwillhavetoleavetheclubwiththeendofhiscurrentcontract.A.breakoffB.breakoutC.breakdownD.breakthrough