2023届高三高考英语词汇表

2023届高三高考英语词汇表

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2023届高三高考英语词汇表(3500左右,补充常见词组)54Aabandonvt.放弃abandon(doing)放弃做…abandononeselfto/beabandonedtosth(despair/pleasure)=beaddictedto(doing)sth=behookedon(doing)sth沉迷于abilityn.能力havetheabilitytodo有能力干---ableadj.能够,有能力的beabletodosth=becapableofdoing能够做…acapableman一个有能力的人abnormaladj.反常的,不正常的,变态的,不规则的normaladj./n.正常的return/gobacktonormal恢复正常aboardadv.在船[飞机、车]上,上船[飞机、车]goaboardtheplane=goonboardtheplane=boardtheplane…登上(飞机等)abolishvt.取消,废除(制度等)abortionn.流产;(计划)夭折beabouttodosth.when…=beonthepointofdoingsth.when…正要做…这时aboveprep在…上面adj上面的adv在...之上abroadadv.到(在)国外goabroad出国athomeandabroad国内外abrupta.突然的,唐突的,陡峭的,不连贯的absencen.缺席;缺乏absencefromwork缺勤in/duringone’sabsence=intheabsenceofsb某人不在时absenceofmind心不在焉absenceofrain=lackofrainabsenta.缺席,不在beabsentfrom…缺席absent-minded心不在焉的absolutea.绝对的,专制的,完全的,独立的absolutelyad.事实上,确实absorbv.吸收/beabsorbedin全神贯注于absorbknowledge吸收知识abstracta.抽象的,深奥的n.摘要,抽象概念abundanta.丰富的,充分的,大量的beabundantin=berichin富含,富有abusevt./n.滥用;辱骂;虐待abuseone’spower/drugs/alcohol滥用权力/吸毒/酗酒academica.学术的n.高等院校的教师;高校科研人员academyn.研究院,学会acceleratevt.加速,促进vi.加速,促进acceleratethepaceofdoingsth加快干某事的步伐accentn.口音,音调(speak)inaGermanaccent带德国腔acceptvt.接受Itiswidelyacceptedthat人们普遍接受Ithinkitacceptablethat我认为…是可接受的accessn.通路,入口;接近,进入;使用权(不可数)vt.访问,存取,接近,使用sb.have(easy/free)accesstosth.有(容易/免费)权利/机会做accessiblea.易接近的,可进入的,可使用的,可理解的sthbe(easily)accessibletosb可(容易)到达/进入/理解的accidentn.事故,意外的事byaccident=accidentally=bychance碰巧,偶然onpurpose=byintention=bydesign=purposely故意地accommodationn.膳宿,预订铺位,适应性调节;和解accompanyvt.陪伴,伴随,补充,为…伴奏accompanysb.=keepsb.company=keepcompanywithsb陪伴某人accomplishvt.完成,达到(预定的目标等)accordingtoprep.依照accountn.账目,描述accountfor说明原因;占…比例onaccountof由于,因为onnoaccount绝不takeaccountofsth=takesthintoaccount考虑到;顾及givesbanaccountof描述…openanaccount开账户accountantn.会计人员,会计师accumulatevt.积累accuracyn.精确,正确(opp.inaccuracy不精确)withgreataccuracy十分准确地accuratea.准确无误的(opp.inaccurate)accusev.指责,谴责,控告accusesb.ofsth.=chargesb.with指控某人有罪accustomeda.惯常的,习惯了的get/beaccustomedtodoingsth.=get/beusedtodoingsth.习惯于做某事achevi.&n.痛,疼痛achievevt.达到,取得achieveone’sgoal(aim)/greatsuccess实现目标/取得成功achievementn.成就makegreatachievements(in)取得巨大成就acida.酸的,酸性的,尖刻的,n.酸acknowledgevt.承认,认可;感谢acknowledgedoing=admitdoing承认做……acknowledgesb’shelp=thanksbforsb’shelpacquirevt.(通过努力、能力)获得,得到acquireaknowledgeofsth.获取……的知识anacquiredtaste一个养成的嗜好acquisitionn.获得,获得物inacquisitionof以获得---acquaintancen.相识;熟人maketheacquaintanceofsb=makesb’sacquaintance=gettoknowsb结识某人---acren.英亩acrossprep.横过,穿过actn.法令,条例v.表演,扮演(角色),演出(戏),行动,做事actionn.行动takeactiontodo=takemeasures/stepstodo采取行动putsth.intoaction把……付诸实施activea.积极的,主动的takeanactivepartinafter-schoolactivities积极参加课外活动activityn.活动actorn.男演员actressn.女演员actuala.实际的,现实的ad(缩)=advertisementn.广告54

1adaptvt.使适应,改编vi.适应adapt(oneself)to(doing)sth.适应(做)某事adaptsthforsth改编成---adapt…from…摘选自addvt.添加,增加addto增加;扩建add…to把…….添加到addup加起来,合计addupto共计达多少addicteda.着迷的,上瘾的beaddictedto(doing)sthadditionn.加法,增加的人(或物)inadditionto=besides=apartfrom=asidefrom=aswellas除了……之外还有apartfrom=asidefrom=except=but=otherthan除了..没有inaddition=besides=moreover=furthermore=plus另外addressn.地址v.在(信封等)上写名字、地址;演说(讲);处理,对付;称呼addresstheaudienceatthemeeting在会上给听众作演讲address/handle/dealwiththeproblem处理这个问题addresssbassb称呼某人为---addressoneselftosth=applyoneselftosth专心/致力于---adequatea.适当的,足够的(opp.inadequate)adjustvt./vi调整,使适应于,校准adjust(oneself)to=adapt(oneself)to调整,适应adjustmentn.调整,调节,校正makeafewadjustments作了一些调整administrationn.管理,行政,施行,政府,内阁(任期)admirablea.可钦佩的,极好的,令人惊奇的admirev.钦佩,羡慕admissionn.准许进入,入场费,录用,承认admissionbyinvitationonly.凭请柬入场。admitvt.承认,准许(入场,入学,入会)admitdoing承认做了beadmittedto/intosp.=gainadmissionto/into允许进入;被(学校等)录取adolescenta.青春期的,青少年的n.青少年adoptvt.采用,正式通过;收养,接受anadoptedchild一个被领养的小孩adoptiveparents养父母adorev.热爱;爱慕adore(doing)sth喜欢做…adultn.成年人advancev.推进,促进,前进n.前进;进展inadvance在前面,预先,事先makeprogress=makeanadvancein在……取得进步advancedscienceandtechnology先进的科技advancetowardssb.向某人逼近advantagen.优点,好处takeadvantageof=makeuseof利用…have/gainanadvantageoversb优于;胜于toone’sadvantage对某人有利adventuren.冒险,奇遇advertisevt./vi(为……)做广告advertiseforsth登广告招牌…advertisementn.广告advicen.忠告,劝告,建议(不可数)take/follow/acceptone’sadvice听从某人的建议someadvice一些建议advisevt.忠告,劝告,建议advisesb.todosth.建议某人做某事advisedoing建议做某事advisethatsb.(should)adviseon/aboutsth就---提出建议advocatevt.拥护;支持;提倡advocate(doing)sth提倡干---advocatethatsb(should)dosthaffairn.事,事情currentaffairs时事foreignaffairs外交事务affectvt.影响;感动affectionn.喜爱,情爱haveaffectionfor喜爱;钟爱affordvt.负担得起(…的费用);抽得出(时间);提供;担得起干---的后果can/could/beabletoafford(todo)sthMusicaffordsuspleasure.音乐给我们快乐。Ican’taffordtolosemyjob.我担当不起失去这工作的后果afraida.害怕的,担心beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做……beafraidtodo不敢做……Africana.非洲的,非洲人的n.非洲人afterall毕竟,终究Afteryou.你先请。afterward(s)ad.后来againadv.再一次,再,又againandagain反复地,再三地onceagain再一次againstprep.对着,反对;在---的衬托下;倚,靠(在)agen.年龄,时代attheageof14=atage14在14岁的时候achildaged9=achild9yearsold=achild9yearsofage一个9岁的孩子agencyn.代理机构,经销商,中介atravelagency旅行社agendan.议程,日常工作事项ontheagenda提上日程agentn.代理商aggressivea.侵略的,咄咄逼人的;有进取心的agreev.同意,应允agreetodosth同意做agreetotheplan/arrangement同意这个计划/安排agreeon对……取得一致意见agreewith同意某人的看法/意见等;(气候、食物等)适应---;---与---相一致agreementn.同意,一致,协定,协议inagreementwith与……一致cometo/arriveat/reachanagreement达成协议agriculturala.农业的agriculturen.农业,农学aheadad.在前,向前aheadoftime提前aidn.援助,救护,辅助器具withtheaidof借助于……do/give/offerfirstaidtosb.对某人进行急救AIDSn.艾滋病sufferfromAIDS患艾滋病beinfectedwithAIDS被感染上艾滋病aimn.目的,目标v.计划,打算,瞄准,针对achieveone’saims实现目标withtheaimof为了……目的takeaimat把目标对准aimatdoing=aimtodosth力争做到beaimedat目的是;旨在airn.空气,大气byair乘飞机ontheair广播中intheair在空中;在流传中;(计划等)未决定的aircraftn.飞机(单复数同)airlinen.航空公司;定期航班airmailn.航空邮件v.以航空邮件寄…54

2byairmail航空邮递airplanen.飞机airportn.航空站,飞机场airspacen.空域,空间alarmn.&v.惊恐;警报,警钟;闹钟;使惊恐,使担心setthealarmbellringing.使警钟响起setthealarmbellfor6a.m.把闹钟设置在早上6点Thereisnocauseforalarm.不必恐慌。albumn集邮本,照相簿,签名纪念册alcoholn.酒精,,含酒精之饮料,酒,乙醇algebran.代数alikea./adv像(……)think/lookalike有相同的想法/看起来长得像thinkdifferently有不同的想法Greatmindsthinkalike.英雄所见略同。alivea.活着的,存在的becaughtalive被活捉apersonalive=alivingperson一个活着的人alladv.全部地a.所有的,总,整pron.全部,全体人员allover到处,遍及,浑身alloverthecountry/world全国/全世界inall总共notatall一点也不allinall总而言之aboveall最重要的是allergica.过敏的beallergictosth对…过敏的alleyn.小巷,胡同allocatevt.分派,分配allowvt.允许,准许;使做---成为可能allowsbsthallowdoingsth.允许做allowsb.todosth.允许…做某事allowfor考虑到allowancen.津贴;限额;允许alonea.单独的,孤独的;只有,仅仅(用在名词或代词后)letalone=nottomention更不用说leave…alone不理会alongsideadv.在旁边,靠拢着aloudadv.大声地read/cry/thinkaloud大声读/哭/自言自语alphabetn.字母表alternativen.两者择一,供替代的选择a.两者择一的,供选择的havenoalternativebuttodosth.=havenochoicebuttodo=havenooptionbuttodo=candonothingbutdo=cannotchoosebutdo=cannothelpbutdo=cannotbutdo别无选择只能做…alternativeenergy可替代性能源althoughconj.虽然,尽管altituden.海拔altogetheradv.总共(=inall/intotal);总而言之(allinall/inaword);完全(=completely,fully)a.m./am,A.M./AMn.午前,上午amateura.业余爱好的(opp.:professional职业的)amazev.惊奇,惊叹,震惊beamazedat对…感到惊讶amazinga.令人惊异的ambassadorn.大使(ambassadressn.大使夫人,女大使)ambiguousa.模棱两可的,含糊不清的ambitionn.抱负,雄心,野心ambulancen.救护车callanambulance叫救护车amongprep在…中间,在…当中(主要指三个或更多人或物中;是…中间的一个amongothers/otherthings尤其;格外amountn.总数,数额,数量alargeamountof+不可数名词+单数谓语动词=largeamountsof+不可数名词+复数谓语动词v合计,达到(某数量)(常和to连用)amountto总计达amplea.大量的,充足的,丰富的amusevt.消遣,娱乐,使发笑amusementn.娱乐toone'samusement令某人高兴/有趣的是;analysev.分析analysisn.分析(pl.analyses)ancestorn.祖宗,祖先anchorv&n抛锚;扎根beanchoredin=berootedin基于;扎根于ancienta.古代的,古老的angern.怒,愤怒anglen.角,角度,角落fromadifferentangle从不同的角度angrya.生气的,愤怒的beangrywithsb.about/atsth对---因---生气/发怒animaln.动物anklen.踝anniversaryn.周年纪念announcevt.宣布,宣告announcementn.announcesth.tosb.向某人宣布某事makeanannouncementtosbannoyvt.(使)烦恼beannoyed/angry/crosswithsb.atsth.因某事生某人气annuala.每年的,一年一次的anothera.再一,另一,别的,不同的pron.另一个oneafteranother一个接一个,依次,陆续anotherday=someotherday改日someday有朝一日oneanother互相(三者或三者以上)eachother互相(两者)answern.回答,答复,回信,答案v.回答,答复,回inanswer/replytosth/sb作为对---的回应/答antn.蚂蚁Antarcticn南极地区theAntarctic南极anticipatevt期待,预料anticipatedoingsth/that…期待antiquen.古董,古物anxietyn.忧虑,焦急(U);令人忧虑的事物(C)easeone’sanxiety解除某人的忧虑anxiousa.忧虑的,焦急的beanxiousabout担心beanxiousfor/beanxioustodo渴望betooanxioustodosth.非常渴望做Areyoufeelinganybetter?(程度,用于疑问句、否定句)anyhowad.不管怎样anythingbut=farfrom=notnearly=nowherenear绝不ifanything若要说有区别的话ifany如果有一些的话anywayad.不管怎样anywheread.任何地方apartad.成零碎,成距离,分别地,分离着a.分离的apartfrom除了tellsthapart区分开=tellAfromB=tellthedifference(s)betweenAandB=distinguishAfromB54

3=distinguishbetweenAandB=make/drawadistinctionbetweenAandBapartmentn.(美)楼中单元房,一套房间,房间apologizevi.道歉,谢罪apologyn.道歉,歉意apologizetosb.forsth.=makeanapologytosb.forsth.为某事向某人道歉apparenta.清晰可见的,显然的,表面上的appealn.恳求,诉请,上诉,吸引力vi.呼吁,诉请,要求,上诉,有吸引力sbappealtosb.todosth./sbappealtosb.forsth.恳求;呼吁sthappealtosb.=sthhaveappealforsb吸引某人appearvi.出现appear+不定式/(tobe)n./adj.appearancen.出现,露面,容貌makeone’sappearance=appear出现,露面judgeapersonbyhisappearance以貌取人appendixn.附录,附加物,阑尾appetiten.食欲,欲望,爱好loseone’sappetite食欲减退haveanappetite(desire)forknowledge渴求知识applaudv.拍手喝彩,称赞,赞同applicantn.申请人applicationn.申请;适用,运用;涂抹applyv.申请申请;适用,运用;涂抹applytosb.forsth.=makeanapplicationfor…为某事向某人申请applyto应用于…apply…to…把…应用于applysomemedicinetothewound把药涂抹于伤口applyoneselfto(doing)sth.专心于=addressoneselftoappointvt.任命,指定,下令beappointedtobe/as被任命为attheappointedplace/time在指定的地点/时间appointmentn.约会appreciatev.欣赏,感激appreciatedoing感激做某事Iwouldappreciateitif从句(did)假如…我将不胜感激inappreciationof…以感谢…approachv./n.走近,靠近,临近;方法anapproachto(doing)sth=awaytodo/ofdoing做…的方法appropriatea.适当的(opp.inappropriate)approvaln.赞成,批准approvevt.赞同,核准vi.赞许approve(of)sth赞同……approveofsbdoing赞同某人做approvesth=giveapprovaltosth批准…approximatelyadv.接近,近似地arbitrarya任意的;武断的;专横的archn.拱门,拱形architectn.建筑师,设计师architecturen.建筑学,建筑式样Arcticnarean.面积,地域,地方,区域,范围,领域coveranareaof占有……面积arguevi.争辩,争论arguewithsb.about/oversth.关于某事同某人争吵argueforsth/againststh竭力主张/反对argumentn.争论,辩论haveanargumentwithsb.about/oversth.arise(arose,arisen)vi.起来,升起,出现,呈现,发生arisefrom/outof因…而产生,引起(=resultfrom)armn.臂,支架v.以…装备,武装起来n.武器,武力takeup/laydownarms拿起/放下武器takesth.inone’sarms搂抱bearmedwith装备着anarmedrobber一个持枪歹徒armchairn.扶手椅anarmchairtraveler一个足不出户的旅行者armyn.军队jointhearmy参军serveinthearmy在部队服役leave/retirefromthearmy退役aroundad.在周围,在附近prep.在…周围,大约arrangev.安排,布置arrangeforsb.todosth.安排某人做某事=makearrangementsforsb.todosth.arrangementn.安排,布置arrestv.逮捕,拘捕underarrest逮捕,拘留arrivaln.到来,到达;到达的人或物;新生儿onsb’sarrival/arrivingat/insp.=assoonassbarriveat/insp.arrivevi.到达,达到arriveat/in(aplace)到达某个地方arrown.箭,箭头artn.艺术,美术,技艺articlen.文章,东西,物品,冠词anarticle/pieceoffurniture一件家具artificiala.人造的,假的,非原地产的artistn.艺术家asad.&conj.像……一样,如同,因为prep.作为,当作as…as像,如同notso…as=notas…as不像,不如asif/though好像,仿佛asitis按原样;事实上assb.putit正如某人所说的ashn.灰,灰末beburnttoashes被化成灰烬ashameda.惭愧,害臊beashamedof对……感到羞愧asidead.在旁边askv.问,询问,请求,要求,邀请ask(sb)forsth向某人要某东西askforsb想见某人askfortrouble自找麻烦asleepa.睡着的,熟睡fallasleep入睡befast/soundasleep睡得很熟bewideawake完全醒着aspectn.样子,外表,面貌,(问题等的)方面(建筑物等的)方向,方位assessvt.评价;估算assessmentn.看法,评价;核定assignmentn.分配,功课,任务;(法律上)转让,assistvt.帮助,促进vi.协助,参加assistsb.withsth./indoingsth./todosth.helpsbwithsth/(to)dosthaidsbwithsth/insth/todosth/indoingsthassistancen.协助,援助cometoone’sassistance/help/aid/rescuelend/giveassistancetosbassistantn.助手,助理associatevt.使联合,使发生联系vi.交往associatewith与…有联系associate…with…把…和…联系/联想起来associationn.联合,联系,联盟,合伙,交际,交往协会,英式足球=associationfootballassumevt.假定,承担,呈现54

4assumptionn.假定,自负,担任,假装maketheassumptionthat…假定ontheassumptionthat…假定assurev使相信,向…保证assuresbofsthassuresbthat…astonishvt.使惊讶beastonishedby/at…对……感到惊讶astronautn.宇航员;航天员astronomyn.天文学athleten.运动员Atlantica.大西洋的theAtlanticOcean大西洋atmospheren.大气,气氛inafriendlyatmosphere在友好的气氛中atomn.原子,微粒attachv.附加,隶属,系,贴beattachedtosth.被附在……上/喜爱……attachimportancetosth.重视……attackvt.攻击,袭击beunderattack被袭击haveaheartattack心脏病发作have/sufferfromheartdisease患有心脏病attainvt.达到,获得vi.达到attemptvt./n.试图,尝试anattemptedmurder杀人未遂attempttodosth.尝试做……makeanattempttodo/atdoingsth.尝试做……attendv.看护,照料,服侍,出席,参加attendaconcert/conference参加音乐会/大会attendschool/class/church上学/听课/做礼拜attend(on/upon)sb.侍侯,照料某人attendto专心于;照料;注意倾听attentionn.注意,关心pay/giveattentionto(doing)sth.注意……attract/catch/draw/getone’sattention吸引某人注意attituden.态度,看法take/haveapositiveattitudeto/towardslife对生活采取乐观态度/看法one’sopinionon/about对……的看法attractv.吸引,引起n.attractionn.吸引,吸引人的事物,吸引力atouristattraction(atouristspot)一个旅游景点aplaceofinterest(placesofinterest)名胜attractivea.迷人的,有吸引力的audiencen.观众,听众(集合名词)anaudienceof一群…的观众auntn.伯母,舅母,婶,姑,姨authentica.可靠的,可信的,真正的one’sauthenticsignature某人的亲笔签名authorn.作者,作家authorityn.权力,当权者,当局,权威,专家automatica.自动的,机械的,必然的,无意识的autonomousa.自主的;自治的autumnn.秋天,秋季(=fall)availablea.可利用,可得到的,可达到的;(人)有空的avenuen.大道averagea.平均的,普通的n平均数on(the/an)average平均above/belowaverage平均以上/下anaveragestudent一个普通的学生avoidv.避免,躲开,逃避avoiddoing避免做某事awake(awoke/awaked,awoken/awaked)v.唤醒a.醒着awakesb=wakesbupawardn.奖品,奖励vt.授予/给予(奖赏等)awarea.意识到的,知道的beawareof察觉到,意识到makesb.awareofsth.使某人意识到……raise/increase/promotepeople’sawarenessof…提高人们对……的意识awfula.令人畏惧的,可怕的,威严的,令人崇敬的awkwarda.笨拙的,棘手的Bbachelorn.未婚男子,单身汉;学士backad.回(原处),向后a.后面的n.背后,后部,背backgroundn.背景backward(s)ad.向后baconn.咸猪肉,熏猪肉frombadtoworse每况愈下inbad(great)needofsth.=needsth.badly=needsth.verybadmintonn.羽毛球运动baggagen.行李(=luggage)(不可数)apieceofbaggage/luggagebakev.烤,烘(面包)bakeryn.(烘烤)面包糕点铺/房;烘烤食品balancen.平衡keep/loseone’sbalance保持/失去平衡abalanceddiet均衡的饮食balanceAand/withB使A与B平衡balconyn露台,阳台(剧场二楼)楼座,包厢balln.球n.舞会balletn.芭蕾舞,舞剧balloonn.气球bamboon.竹;竹杆,竹棍bann/v.禁止,禁令(banned,banned,banning)bansb.fromdoingsth.禁止某人做某事lift/removethebanonsth.解禁bandn.带;箍;条;带状物;镶边;嵌条;乐队bandagen.绷带;带bankn.(河、海、湖的)岸,堤;银行bankaccountn.银行账户barn.条,(长方)块,棒,横木(酒店的)买酒柜台,酒吧,(卖东西的)柜台barbecuen.烧烤的整只猪或牛,野外宴会,烤烧barbern.(男)理发师atthebarber’s/butcher’s在理发店/肉店barea.裸体的;光秃秃的;空的bargainn.(经讨价还价之后)成交的商品,廉价货v.讨价还价bargainwithsb.about/oversth.和某人就某物讲价It’sagoodbargain.真便宜!atabargain廉价地That’s/It’sabargain.一言为定;就这么定了。barkv.狗叫n.狗叫声barkat对……吠叫barriern.栅栏,关卡障碍,隔阂abarrierto………的障碍basen.根据地,基地,(棒球)垒basesth.onsth.=sth.bebasedonsth.根据…onthebasisofsth.根据…baseballn.棒球运动,棒球basementn地下室,地下层basica.基本的basinn.水盆,脸盆54

5basisn.基础,根据onthebasisof以……为基础onadaily/regularbasis每天/有规律地basketn.篮子basketballn.篮球batn.(棒球、板球的)球棒,蝙蝠bathn.洗澡,浴室,澡盆bathevi.洗澡,游泳vt.浸泡sthbebathedin浸泡在…;沐浴在…bathroomn.浴室,盥洗室bathtubn.浴缸;澡盆batteryn.电池chargethebattery给电池充电battlen.战斗,战役atthebattleof在……战役中bayn.湾BCn.公元前be(an,is,are,was,were,being,been)beachn.海滩(pl.beaches)beann.豆,豆科植物bear(bore,born/borne)v.承受;忍受,容忍;拥有(特征,标记等)n.熊bear/shoulder/take(on)theresponsibilitytodosthThetraveller’scheckborenosignature.旅游支票上没签名beardn.(下巴上的)胡须(moustache(上)grow/wearabeard(下)beastn.野兽,牲畜beat(beat,beaten)v.(有规律、有节奏、连续不断地)敲打,(心)跳动;击败n.(音乐)节拍beautifula.美的,美丽的,美观的beautyn.美丽,美人becauseconj.因为(=inthat)become(became,become)v.变得,成为becomeawriter=turnwritergotobed上床睡觉makethebed铺床(准备睡觉)illinbed卧病在床beddingn.寝具been.蜜蜂beefn.牛肉beern.啤酒abeer=aglassofbeer一杯啤酒beforeprep./conj.在……以前,在……前面ad.以前beforesth=previoustosthbeforesbknow/realizeit不知不觉中beforebeingdone(不用beforedone)beforelong不久longbefore(…)(在…前)很久beg(begged,begged,begging)v.请求,乞求,乞讨begsb.todosth.请求某人做某事begin(began,begun)v.开始,着手tobeginwith首先begin/startwithsth./bydoingsth.从…开始beginningn.开始,开端atthebeginningof在……开始inthebeginning=atfirst起初frombeginningtoend从头至未=fromstarttofinishbehalfn.方面,利益,赞同onbehalfofsb.=onone’sbehalf代表某人;为了…的利益standfor/represent代表behavev.守规矩,行为behaveoneself守规矩,表现好awell-behavedboy一个行为举止好的男孩behaviour/behaviorn.行为,举止behindprep.(表示位置)在……后面adv.在后面,向后beingn.生物,人存在,生存comeintobeing=comeintoexistence形成beliefn.信条,信念(beliefs)inthebeliefthat…坚信;因相信…holdthebeliefthat…坚信believev.相信,认为believein信仰;信任(=trust);主张,认为…是好的believeitornot信不信由你belln.钟,铃,钟(铃)声,钟形物bellyn.肚子,腹部belongvi.属,附属belongto属于……Thisbookbelongstohim./Thisisabookbelongingtohim.Thistablebelongshere.belowprep.在……下面beltn.(皮)带fastenasafetybelt系上安全带benchn.长凳,工作台bend(bent,bent)vt.使弯曲bendover/down弯下腰beneathprep.在……下方(面)(=under)beneficialadj.有益的,有利的bebeneficialto=beofbenefitto对……有益benefitn./v.有利,利益/对……有利sb.benefitfrom从……中得益bentadj.弯的;决心的;专心的n.倾向,爱好bebentondoingsth.=bedeterminedtodosth决心做besideprep.在……旁边,近besidesprep.除……以外(还有)ad.还有,此外betrayvt.对……不忠,背叛出卖泄露,暴露,表明betraysthtosb把---出卖给---betrayoneself(无意间)露出本性等betweenprep.在(两者)之间,在……中间thedifferencebetween…(不用among)walkbetweenthetrees在树丛中穿行theborderbetweenthe3countries三国交界处inbetween在它们中间betweenthelines字里行间beyondprep.(表示位置)在……的那边;超越bicycle/biken.自行车bidn.企图,努力,出价,投标vt.&vi.出价,投标bidfortheOlympicGames申办奥运会biga.大的billn.账单,法案,议案,(美)钞票,纸币biographyn.传记;传记作品biologyn.生物(学)birdn.鸟(birdcagen.鸟笼)birthn.出生,诞生abirthcertificate一张出生证givebirthto生…;造成…的原因birthcontrol计划生育birthdayn.生日birthplacen.出生地,故乡biscuitn.饼干bitn.一点,一些,少量的abitof=alittle+不可数名词“有一点”notabit=notatall“一点也不,毫不”(notalittle=verymuch)abit/alittle/agreatdealof+形/副比“稍微”“有点儿”doone’sbit尽一己之力54

6bite(bit,bitten)v/n.咬,叮Oncebitten,twiceshy.一回上当二回乖。bittera.有苦味的;痛苦的;难过的;严寒的;尖刻的tastebitter/bitterwords/abitterwinter味道苦/尖刻的话/严冬blackn.黑色a.黑色的inblack穿黑色的衣服intheblack有赢余(inthered负债)blackboardn.黑板blamen.&v.责备,责怪sb.betoblameforsth.某人该受到责备sbblamesb.forsth.因……责备某人sbblamesth.onsb.把……归罪与某人blankn.&a.空格,空白(处),空的,茫然无表情的blanketn.毛毯,毯子;一层ablanketofsnow一层雪awetblanket令人扫兴的事bleedvi.出血,流血(bled,bled)bless(blessed,blessed)v.求神赐福于Godblessyou上帝保佑你beblessedwith…赋有,幸有……blinda.瞎的beblindto…=turnablindeyeto…对…视而不见bedeafto…=turnadeafearto…对…充耳不闻blockn.大块,(木等)块,街区,路障vt.阻塞,阻挡blocksb.fromdoingsth.阻止某人做某事blonden.金发女郎a.金黄色的bloodn.血,血液blousen.宽罩衫,(妇女、儿童穿的)短上衣blow(blew,blown)v.吹,刮风,吹气;爆炸bluen.蓝色a.蓝色的a.悲伤的,沮丧的feelblue感到郁闷的boardn.木板,布告牌;理事会,董事会v.上(船、火车、飞机)bodyn.身体,躯体boilv.沸腾,烧开,煮……boiledwater/boilingwater开水/沸水bombn.炸弹v.轰炸bondn.联系,关系连接,接合,结合bonen.骨头,骨质(复数bones骨骼,骨骸)bonusn.奖金,红利;额外的好处bookn.书,本子v.预定,定(房间、车票等)bookaroominadvance=reservearoominadvanceordergoods订购货物bookletn.小册子boomn.激增,猛涨,兴隆;发出隆隆声bootn.长统靴,高统鞋bordern.边缘,边境,国界aborderincident一个边境事件boreda.厌倦的;烦闷的beboredwith=betiredof=befedupwith对……厌倦boringa.令人厌倦的borna.出生abornpoet一个天生的诗人was/wereborn出生beborntobe/dosth.注定会成为/注定要做beborninto/to/inamusicalfamily生于音乐之家bebornwithsth.生来就有……borrowv.(向别人)借用,借bossn.领班,老板botanyn.植物学botanicaladj.植物学的botha.两,双pron.两者,双方both…and…两个都,既……又……botherv./n.烦扰,打扰,烦恼,操心bothertodo/doingsth麻烦干…bothersbwith/aboutsth麻烦某人某事Whybother?何必麻烦呢?Nobother.不麻烦.bottlen.瓶子bottomn.底部,底thebottomline底线atthebottomof…在……的底部fromthebottomofone’sheart从心底bouncev.弹回弹跳n.活力,生气boundaryn.分界线bown.弓,弓形物v.(向…)弯腰;鞠躬bowln.碗boxn.盒子,箱子boxingn.拳击(运动)boyn.男孩boycottv.抵制;拒绝参加brainn.脑(子)brains智力achildwithbrains=achildwithgreatintelligence=anintelligentboy一个聪明的男孩nobrainer很容易的事braken.闸vi.刹车branchn.树枝,分枝,分公司,分店,支部brandn.品牌brandnew崭新的bravea.勇敢的braveryn.勇气break(broke,broken)v.打破/断/碎,损坏,撕开n.间隙breakdown损坏;分解;抛锚;精神、身体)垮了;谈判计划等失败breakout突然发生,爆发breakawayfrom脱离breakintosp.闯入,强行进入某个地方breakoff打断;折断breakin闯入,打断,插嘴breakup驱散;(关系等)破裂;结束breakfastn.早餐atbreakfast早餐时,正在吃早饭havebreakfast吃早饭breakthroughn.突破makeabreakthroughin…在方面取得突破breastn.胸部,胸怀,心情breathn.气息,呼吸holdone’sbreath不出气,屏住呼吸outofbreath上气不接下气catchone’sbreath喘口气,松口气breathevi.呼吸breathlessadj.使人屏息的;喘气的breweryn.酿造厂,啤酒厂brickn.砖,砖块briden.新娘bridegroomn.新郎bridgen.桥v.弥合(差距);消除(分歧)bridge/narrowthegenerationgap消除代沟briefa.简洁的inbrief简言之tobebrief简单说=putitbriefly=brieflyspeakingbrillianta.光辉的,辉煌的,英明的brighta.明亮的,聪明的bring(brought,brought)vt.拿来,带来,取来54

7bringabout引起,造成bringout拿出,取出;(使)显示出来bringdown使降落(降低)bringforward提出bringin有收入,赚得钱bringback带回来,归还.bringup提出;抚养大,教养;呕吐broada.宽的,宽大的broadcast(broadcast,broadcast或~ed,~ed)vt.广播n.广播节目brochuren.小册子brokenadj.破碎的,被打坏的;打断的,中止的speakinbrokenEnglish说一口结结巴巴的英语abrokenheart破碎的心broomn.扫帚brothern.兄,弟brownn.褐色,棕色a.褐色的,棕色的brunchn.早午餐brushv.刷,擦n.刷子budgetn.预算cutdown/reduceabudget减少预算beyondbudge超出预算withinbudget在预算内buffetn.自助餐,小卖部,碗橱,殴打,冲击build(built,built)v.建筑,造buildsb./oneselfup增强某人的体质=buildupone’sbody(strength)=getintoshapebuildupasuccessfulbusiness创办红火的生意buildupone’sfortune累积财富buildingn.建筑物,房屋,大楼bumpvt.&vi.撞倒;冲撞n.碰撞,猛撞bumpinto=runinto=knockinto撞在……上bumpinto=runinto=knockinto=comeacross偶然遇见bunchn.(一)球,束,串,群burdenn.重担,负担vt.担负,负重aburdento/onthefamily家庭的负担beartheburdenof…=beburdenedwith…负担着……carry/ease/reduce/sharetheburden担负/减轻/减少/分担重担bureaucracyn.官僚主义,官僚作风burglarn.窃贼,破门盗窃者burn(burned,burned或burnt,burnt)v.燃,着火,使烧焦,使晒黑n.烧伤,晒伤smellsth.burning闻到某物烧焦的味道getburnt被灼伤burstv.突然发生,突然发作burst/breakintotears=burst/breakoutcrying突然大哭burst/breakintolaughter=burst/breakoutlaughing突然大笑buryvt.埋,葬buryoneselfin(doing)sth.=beburiedin(doing)sth.埋头于……,专心于---bushn.灌木丛,矮树丛businessn.(本分)工作,职业,职责,生意,交易,事业onbusiness出差getdowntobusiness开始办正事Noneofyourbusiness.=Mindyourownbusiness.不关你事。businessman/womann.(男)商人/企业家(女)商人/企业家(pl.businessmen/women)busya.忙(碌)的bebusy(in)doing/withsth忙于做某事=occupyoneself(in)doing/withsth.=beoccupied(in)doing/withsth.bebusywithsth忙于某事=beoccupiedwithsth=occupyoneselfwithsthbutconj.但是,可是prep.除了,除……外butchern.vt.肉店,屠夫屠宰(动物),残杀(人)atthebutcher’s在肉铺buttern.黄油,奶油butterflyn.蝴蝶asocialbutterfly交际花haveabutterflyinone’sstomach忐忑不安thebutterfly蝶泳buttonn.纽扣,(电铃等的)按钮v.扣(纽扣)press/touch/pushthebuttom按按钮doupyourbuttonsofblouse=buttonyourblouse扣上你衬衫的扣子buy(bought,bought)vt.买buysthfor30yuan=buysthatthepriceof30yuanbyprep.近,在…旁,在…时间,不迟于,被,用,由,乘byandby=beforelong=soonCcabn.(美)出租车cabbagen.卷心菜,洋白菜cafen.咖啡馆,餐馆cafeterian.自助餐厅cagen笼,鸟笼calculatev.计算;估计calln.喊,叫,电话,通话v.称呼,呼唤,喊,叫callfor需要,要求;邀约(某人);取(某物)callat访问(某地)=dropinat,停泊在callaway叫走,把(注意力)转移开callin召集,收集,请入,引入calloff取消,下令停止(=cancel)callon拜访(某人)=dropinoncallonsbtodosth号召某人干某事callout大声喊,唤起calltomind使想起,回忆起callup打电话给……;使想起calma.镇静的,沉着的v.镇静,沉着calmdown平静下来keepcalm保持镇定cameln.骆驼cameran.照相机,摄像机campn.(夏令)营vi.野营,宿营gocamping去野营campaignn.运动,战役vi.参加[发起]运动,参加竞选launchacampaign发起一个运动can(could)can’t=cannotmodalv.可能,能够,可以/不能n.(美)罐头,罐子canaln.运河cancelvt.取消=calloffputoff=postpone=delaydoing…推迟cancern.癌dieof/fromcancer死于癌症candidaten.申请求职者,候选人,报考者candlen.蜡烛alightedcandle一支点燃的蜡烛candyn.糖果canteenn.小卖部,食堂capn.(无檐的或仅在前面有檐的)帽子,(瓶子的)盖,(钢笔等的)笔套capableadj.有能力的,有技能的becapableof有能力干=beabletodosthcapitaln.首都,省会,大写,资本54

8capsulen.胶囊;太空舱captainn.(海军)上校,船长,舰长,队长bechosen/elected(as/tobe)captain被选为船长/队长captionn.标题,说明文字,字幕carn.汽车,小卧车carbonn.碳卡片,cardn.名片,纸牌cardgames纸牌游戏caren.照料,保护,小心v.介意……,在乎,关心takecareof照顾,照看,关心carefor关心,喜欢,照顾careabout在乎,介意careern.生涯,职业carefula.小心的,仔细的,谨慎的carelessa.粗心的,漫不经心的carpentern.木匠carpetn.地毯carriagen.四轮马车,(火车)客车厢carriern.搬运者,媒介,(自行车等的)置物架,(车的)货架carrotn.胡萝卜carryvt.拿,搬,带,提,抬,背,抱,运等carryon继续;进行(carryonadiscussion/converstion)carryout贯彻,执行(carryoutaplan/promise/survey)carryabout随身携带carryaway冲走,带走,冲昏某人头脑carryback拿回,运回,使想起carry…intoeffect/practice执行,实行,实现,完成carryoff带走叼走,夺去……的生命,获得(奖品)carrythrough坚持到底,进行到底,贯彻,完成cartoonn.动画片,卡通,漫画carvev.雕刻casen.情况,病例,案件,真相,箱,盒,容器asisoftenthecase常有的事incase以防万一(从句中使用shoulddo或一般现在时)inthatcase倘若那样的话innocase决不incaseofrain=incaseitrains以防下雨cashn.现金,现钞v.兑现payincash用现金支付paybycheck/cheque用支票支付cassetten.盒式录音带cast(cast,cast)v.投,掷,扔castaglanceat…向……瞧了一瞧castashadowonsth在---上投下了影子;给---蒙上阴影castblameonsb责怪某人castdoubtonsth对---产生怀疑becastassb/forthepartofsb被选派扮演……castlen.城堡casuala.偶然的,随便的,非正式,漫不经心的becasualaboutsth对---随意的acasualmeeting一次偶遇catn.猫Itrainscatsanddogs.下倾盆大雨Letthecatoutofthebag.(无意中)泄露秘密。cataloguen.目录,一览表catastrophen.灾祸,灾难catch(caught,caught)v.接住,捉住,赶上,染上(疾病)catchupwith赶上,追及,追上becaughtdoing被发现做某事becaughtintherain淋雨catch/takefire着火becaughtinthetraffic遭遇交通阻塞catchone’sword听懂某人的话catchsightof发现,瞥见catch/attractsb’sattention引起某人注意catchthepointof抓住……的要点categoryn.种类,类别caterv.迎合caterto/forone’staste/needs迎合---的口味/需求Catholicadj.天主教的cattlen.牛(总称),家畜(谓语动词用复数)five(headof)cattle五头牛Cattlefeedongrass.牛以草为主食causen.原因,起因;事业vt.促使,引起,使发生causeandeffect因果aworthycause一个崇高的事业causesb.todo导致某人做……thecauseoftheaccident事故的起因thereasonforbeinglate迟到的原因cautionn.小心,谨慎,慎重cautiousa.小心谨慎的becautiousof/about(doing)sth对---小心谨慎的caven.洞,穴,地窖ceasev停止ceilingn.天花板,顶棚celebratev.庆祝celebrationn.庆祝,庆祝会(仪式)incelebrationof以庆祝---celln.〈生〉细胞,小牢房,单人小室,电池centn.美分(100cents=1dollar)centigradea.摄氏的minus20degreescengrate零下20摄氏度centimetre(美centimeter)n.公分,厘米centrala.中心的,中央的,主要的centre/centern.中心,中央centuryn.世纪,百年in/duringthe1980s在20世纪80年代intheearly/late20thcentury在20世纪初/末inthemiddleofthe20thcentury在20世纪中叶ceremonyn.仪式,典礼hold/attendagraduationceremony举行/参加毕业典礼certaina.(未指明真实名称的)某…,确定的,无疑的acertainMr.Jones(略了解)=aMr.Jones某位琼斯先生someperson某个人(无了解)sbbe(un)certainabout对……(没)有把握sthbecertain/suretodo.某事一定会发生---(说话者的观点)Itiscertainthat---Sbbecertan/surethat---uncertaina.不确定的uncertaintyn.不确定certificaten.证明,证明书abirth/marriagecertificate出生/结婚证chainn.链,链条chainstores/shops连锁店chairn.椅子chairmann.主席,会长,议长chairwomann.女主席,女会长,女议长chalkn.粉笔challengen/v.挑战(性)challengesbtodosth挑战某人干---challenginga.具有挑战性的championn.冠军,优胜者chancen.机会,可能性v.碰巧takeachance冒险,投机bychance/byaccident偶然54

9Thereisachance/possibilitythat…/ofdoing…=Chancesarethat…..有可能做……chancetodo=happentodo碰巧做changen.零钱,找头;v.改变,变化,更换,兑换change…into转换成,把……变成forachange换换口味payinasmallchange用零钱付款getchanged=changeone’sclotheschange/turnforthebetter/worsechangeablea.易变的,变化无常的channeln.频道,通道,水渠chantv.吟颂,咏唱n.圣歌chaosn.混乱,紊乱beinchaos=beinagreatmass混乱chaptern.(书的)章,回,篇;时代,时期charactern.(汉)字,字体,品格characteristicadj.特有的,典型的n.特点,特性chargev.要求收费,索价,将(电池)充电n.费用,价钱takechargeof=beinchargeof负责……beinthechargeof….由某人负责chargethebattery给电池充电chargesbsomemoneyfor(doing)sth收取---(钱)charityn.慈爱,仁慈;救济金;慈善团体;宽厚chartn.图表;航海图chasev.追捕,追逐n.追捕,追猎chatn.&vi.聊天,闲谈cheapa.便宜的,cheatn.&v.骗取,哄骗,作弊cheat/fool/tricksb.intodoingsth.骗某人做……checkn.检查,批改vt.校对,核对,检查,批改checkin登记住宿checkout结账离开;办理借出手续cheekn.面颊,脸蛋cheern.&vi.欢呼,喝彩Cheerup振作起来!提起精神!cheerfuladj.欢乐的,高兴的cheersint.举杯敬酒的用语cheesen.奶酪chefn.主厨,大师傅(pl.chefs)chemicaladj.化学的n.化学药品chemistn.药剂师,化学家atthechemist’s在药店achemicalworks一家化工厂achemistryteacher一个化学老师chemistryn.化学cheque/checkn.支票Bycheckorincash?支票还是现金?chessn.棋playchess下象棋chestn.箱子,盒子,胸部chewv.咀嚼chiefa.主要的,首要的n.领导,头(pl.chiefs)child(复children)n.孩子,儿童childhoodn.幼年时代,童年chocolaten.巧克力choicen.选择,抉择havenochoicebuttodosth=can’t(choose/help)butdosthchoken&v窒息chokeoffthetraffic=blockthetraffic阻塞交通chokewithanger气得说不出话来choose(chose,chosen)vt.选择chopsticksn.筷子Christiana.&n.信仰基督教的,基督教徒Christmasn.圣诞churchn.教堂,教会gotochurch=attendchurch做礼拜cigarn.雪茄烟cigaretten.纸烟,香烟cineman.电影院,电影gotothecinema看电影gotothetheatre去看戏circlen.vt.圆圈将……圈起来circuitn.电路,线路;环行,环行道circulatev.循环,(谣言等)传播,散播circumstancen.环境,条件,情况;境遇,经济状况under/innocircumstances决不=innocase/innoway/onnoaccount/onnocondition/atnotime/bynomeanscircusn.马戏团citizenn.公民,居民seniorcitizens=theelderly/theold老年人cityn.市,城市,都市civila.国内的,平民的,民用的;客气的,礼貌的civiliann.平民,百姓civilizationn.文明claimv&n声称;索取;认领;夺去(生命)clapv鼓掌;拍手clarifyv.使清楚;澄清classn班级;课;阶级;等级classica.最佳的,优秀的,典型的n.经典作品classicliterature古典文学classifyv.把……分类beclassifiedby被按照……分类beclassifiedas被归类为……classmaten.同班同学classroomn.教室clausen从句;分句clawn.爪,爪状物clayn.黏土,泥土feetofclay致命的缺陷cleanvt.弄干净,擦干净a.清洁的,干净的cleanern.清洁工,清洁器,清洁剂cleara.清晰的,明亮的,清楚的v.,除去,消除(嫌疑),使清楚,clerkn.书记员,办事员,职员clevera.聪明的,伶俐的clickv.点击(计算机用语)clientn委托人;当事人climaten.气候amildclimate温和的气候climbv.爬,攀登clinicn.诊所clockn.钟aroundtheclock夜以继日地clonen.克隆(无性繁殖出来的有机体群)closea.&ad亲密的,近,cometoaclose/anend结束comeclosetodoing差点儿……aclosegame势均力敌的比赛clothn.布apieceofcloth一块布料atablecloth一块桌布clothesn.衣服,各种衣物asuitofclothes一套衣服clothingn.(总称)衣服anarticle/pieceofclothing一件衣服cloudn.云,云状物,阴影cloudya.多云的,阴天的54

10clubn.俱乐部,纸牌中的梅花joinaclub参加俱乐部cluen.线索;迹象;提示aclueto一个…….的线索clumsyadj.笨拙的,笨重的coachn.教练,马车,长途车coaln.煤,煤块coastn.海岸,海滨acityonthecoast海滨上的一座城市anislandoffthecoast海上的一座岛屿coatn.外套,涂层,表皮,皮毛vt.给…穿外套,涂上coden密码;代码coffeen.咖啡makecoffee煮咖啡twocoffees=twocupsofcoffee两杯咖啡coinn.硬币collectcoins/money/one’schild收集硬币/募集资金/接回小孩coincidencen.巧合,巧事bycoincidence由于巧合coken.焦煤,焦炭colda.冷的,寒的n.寒冷,感冒,伤风catch/take(a)cold伤风,感冒haveacold伤风,感冒collapsev倒塌;昏倒;瓦解;暴跌collarn.衣领,硬领catchsbbythecollar拽住某人的衣领colleaguen.同事collectvt.收集,搜集collectone’sthoughts集中心思collectoneself使心神镇静collectionn.收藏品,收集的东西collegen.学院,专科学校gotocollege上大学atcollege在读大学colour(Amcolor)n.颜色vt.给……着色,涂色columnn.柱,圆柱;栏,专栏;纵队,直行combn.梳子v.梳combinevt.使联合,使结合combineworkwithpleasure把工作和娱乐结合起来combinationn联合;结合incombinationwithsth与---相结合come(came,come)vi.来,来到comeback回来,恢复,复原comedownwithsth病倒comefrom来自,起源于,从……产生,生于comein进来,进入,流行起来,获名次comeon赶快;得了吧;加油comeout出来,发芽,出版,结果是cometoanagreement达成协议cometoaconclusion得出结论cometoadecision作出决定cometoanend终止,结束cometoastop结束,停止,停顿cometoanunderstanding取得谅解comedyn.喜剧(pl.comedies)comfortn.安慰,慰问comfortablea.舒服的,安逸的,舒服自在的live/leadacomfortablelife=liveincomfort=livecomfortably过着舒适的生活commandn.&v.命令command/ordersb.todo=commandthatsb.(should)do命令某人做havea(good)commandof…精通,掌握commentn./v.评论makecomments/acommenton=commenton评论…commerciala.商业的,商务的commissionn委员;特派员;长官commitv.犯罪;犯错,托付;交付commitcrimes犯罪commitsuicide自杀=killoneself=diebyone’sownhandcommitoneselftodoing=becommittedtodoing=makeacommitmenttodo…承诺做……commitmentn承诺;献身;投入;花费committeen.委员会commodityn商品,货物;日用品[复数commodities]commodityeconomy商品经济commodityprice商品价格commona.普通的,一般的,共有的havemuch/nothingincommonwith(没)有共同之处commonsense常识incommonwith与---一样communicatev.交际,传达(感情,信息等)communicationn.交际,交往,通讯Communismn.共产主义Communistn.共产主义者a.共产党的,共产主义的communityn.社区,社会,团体;共有,共享companionn.同伴,同事companyn.公司;陪伴comparevt.比较,对照becomparedto被比作,与…相比becomparedwith与…相比beyondcompare无可比拟的comparenoteswith和……交换意见/商量/核对笔记compare…to…把A比喻成Bcompare…with/to…把A与B相比较compassn.罗盘compensatev.补偿,报酬compensatefor补偿,弥补competevi.比赛,竞赛competein参加……竞争competewith/against和某人竞争competefor为……竞争takepartinacompitition参加竞争competencen.能力,技能competitionn.比赛,竞赛compile[kəm'paɪl]vt.收集;编辑,编制complainv.抱怨,诉苦complaintn.抱怨,诉苦makeacomplainttosb.aboutsth.=complaintosb.aboutsth.向某人抱怨、投诉completea.完成的vt.完成,结束complexa.由许多部分组成的,复合的,复杂的,难懂的n.综合建筑群,集合体complicateda复杂的;难懂的componentn.成分,组成部分,部件,元件compositionn.作文,作曲comprehensionn.理解comprehensiveadj.全面的;综合的;包罗万象的;详尽的compromisev.妥协,和解,让步;损害,危及compulsorya.必须做的,强制性的compulsorysubjects必修科目optionalsubjects选修科目concentratev.集中(注意力等于),专心concentrateon/focuson/fixone’sattentionon集中注意力conceptn.概念,观念concernv.与…有关,使(某人)(为…)担心54

11n.担心,关心one’sprimaryconcern某人最担心的事*concerneda担心的;关注的peopleconcerned有关的人concernedpeople担忧的人beconcernedabout/for…(为……担心)beconcernedwith和……有关asfarassb./sth.beconcerned就……而言aspeechconcerningsth.一个关于……的演讲concertn.音乐会,演奏会concludev.完成,结束conclusionn.结论,结束inconclusion=toconclude总之concretea.实体的,有形的,确实的,明确的,确定的condemnv.谴责,给(某人)判刑sbbecondemnedtodeath=sbbesentencedtodeathcondemnsbassb谴责某人为---conditionn.条件,状况thelivingconditions生活条件ingood/badcondition=inagood/badstate状况好/坏onconditionthat只要,条件是onnocondition决不conductvt.引导,带领conductorn.管理人,指导者,(车上的)售票员,列车员,乐队指挥conferencen.(正式的)会议,讨论atthepressconference在记者招待会上confidenta.有自信的,确信的*confidencen自信;信心beconfidentof=haveconfidenceinconfidentiala.秘密的,机密的confirmv.证实,确定conflictn.冲突,抵触,争论confusev.使困惑,使糊涂beconfusesdabout对……感到迷惑congratulatev祝贺,庆贺congratulationn.祝贺,庆贺congratulatesbonsth=offer/givesb.congratulationsonsth祝贺某人某事connectvt.连接,把……联系起来beconnectedwith=haveaconnectionwith=beinconnectionwith与……有关系connectionn连接物,接触,联系保存consciencen.良心haveaguiltyconscience良心不安consciousadj.神志清醒的;知道的;注意到的beconsciousof=beawareof意识到……aconsciousdriver一个有知觉的驾驶员consent[kən'sent]vi.同意;赞成;答应n.同意,(意见等的)一致;赞成consequencen.结果,后果asaconsequence=asaresult结果asaconsequenceof=asaresultof因为,由于…的结果conservationn.保存,保护;节约使用(能源等)conservativea.保守的,守旧的considervt.考虑considerdoing=thinkofdoing考虑做某事beconsidered(as/tobe)=beregardedas被认为是beconsideredtohavedone被认为做了……considering---考虑到,鉴于considerablea.相当多的consideratea.体贴的considerationn.考虑,关心consistv.包含,组成,构成consistof=bemadeupof=becomposedof由…组成consistenta一致的;持续的beconsistentwith=agreewith=beinagreementwithconstanta.经常的,不断的,始终如一的,恒久的constitutionn.宪法,法规,章程constructv.建筑,修建constructionn.建造,建设,建筑物underconstruction=beingconstructed在建设中consultv.咨询,查阅consultadictionary=looksth.upinadictionary=turn/refertoadictionary查字典consultsb.咨询某人consultantn.顾问,高级顾问医生,会诊医生consumev.消耗,消费,耗尽;吃喝atime-consumingjob一个耗时的工作contactn.接触;联系,联络,交往;社会关系,熟人,门路;触点,接头vt.联系beincontactwith…/getincontactwith…/keepincontactwith…/contactsb.和……保持联系(其中contact=touch)containv.包含,包括;能容纳;(食物中)含有,控制情感containern.容器contemporarya.当代的,同时代的,同属一个时期的incontemporarysociety在当代社会contentn.内容a.甘愿的,满意的be(well)content/satisfied/pleased/happywith对…满意thecontentoftheletter信的内容thecontentsofthedrawer抽屉中的容纳之物thecontentsofthebook书的目录contextn.背景,环境;上下文,语境continentn.大陆,大洲,陆地continuevi.继续continuetodo=continuedoing继续做……ifcontinued如果继续下去的话tobecontinued待续contractn合同;合约contradictv.反驳,否认…的真实性,与…发生矛盾,contradictorya相互矛盾的;对立的becontradictorytosth与…..有矛盾contraryn./a.相反相反的onthecontrary正好/恰恰相反(be)contraryto…与……相反contrast['kɒntrɑːst]n.对比,对照Incontrastwith(to)contributev.捐献,捐助,贡献出,起促成作用contributeto…促成,有助于;捐献;投稿contributionn.贡献makecontributionsto=contributeto对……作出贡献controlvt.&n.控制becontrolledby=beundercontrol被控制住takecontrolof=beincontrolof控制in/undercontrolof被……控制controloneself克制自己losecontrolof无法控制controversialadj.引起争论的,有争议的acontroversialissue一个有争议的热点话题conveniencen.便利bringconveniencetosb.给某人带来便利atone’sconvenience在某人便利的时候convenienta.便利的,方便的whenever(itis)convenientto/foryou54

12无论你什么时候方便conventionala.依照惯例的,约定俗成的,依照传统的,常规的,非核的conversationn.谈话,交谈conveyv.运输;运送,表达,转达convincev.使相信;使明白convincesb.ofsth.使某人相信beconvincedof某人相信……cookn.炊事员,厨师v.烹调,做饭cookern.炊具(锅、炉灶、烤炉等)cookien.饼干coola.凉的,凉爽的,酷cooperationn.合作copev对付;处理copewith=dealwith=handle=address处理copyn.抄本,副本,一本(份,册)v.抄写,复印,(计算机用语)拷(备份盘)acopyofnewspaper一份报纸cornn.玉米,谷物core[kɔː]n.核心;要点;果核cornern.角,角落,拐角aroundthecorner=onone’s/theway即将到来inthecorner在角落中atthecorner在拐角处onthecorner在角面上corporationn.法人,社团法人,公司correctv.改正,纠正a.正确的,对的,恰当的correctionn.改正,修改;纠正correspondv.相符合,相一致correspondto/with…(与……)一致,相符corrupta.堕落的,腐败的,贪赃舞弊的v.(使)败坏,(使)腐化costn.成本atthecost/expense/priceof….以……为代价costhimhislife使他付出生命的代价cottagen.(郊外的)小屋,村舍,别墅cottonn.棉花a.棉花的coughn.&vi.咳嗽couldmodalv.(can的过去式)可以……,(表示许可或请求)可以……,行;回答用cancounciln地方议会;委员会;市政服务机构countvt.数,点数;起作用,有重要性countonitthat/dependonitthat---可以指望---countern.柜台,结账处;驳回、反驳、逆向移动countryn.国家,农村,乡下countrysiden.乡下,农村countyn.郡,县couplen.夫妇,一对acoupleof一对……couragen.勇气,胆略losecourage失去勇气keepupone’scourage保持勇气coursen.过程,经过,课程ofcourse当然during/inthecourseof….在……过程中on/offcourse在/偏离航线courtn.法庭,法院takesb.tocourt把某人告上法庭courtyardn.庭院,院子cousinn.堂(表)兄弟,堂(表)姐妹covern.盖子,罩v.覆盖,掩盖;报道;看完多少页书;走完多少里路;够付---的费用becoveredwith被……覆盖cown.母牛,奶牛crackv破裂;砸开crashv.(使)猛撞,(使)撞毁,突然失败,倒闭n.撞车事故,失事crayonn蜡笔,蜡笔画crazya.疯狂的becrazy/madabout对……着迷drivesb.crazy/mad使某人发疯likecrazy/mad拼命地creamn.奶油,乳脂createvt.创造,造成createmorejobsforsb.给某人创造更多的就业机会creativity创造力creative创造性的creation创造creator创造者creaturen.生物,动物creditn.信用,信赖,信誉acreditcard信用卡crewn.全体船员(机组人员)crimen.(法律上的)罪,犯罪criminaln.罪犯crisisn.危机,危急关头;关键阶段(pl.crises)globalfinancialcrisis全球经济危机criterionn.(判断、决定的)标准,准则[复数:criteria]thecriteriaforcriticn.批评家,评论家criticala批评的;极重要的,关键的;可能有危险的;判断公正的criticismn批评;评论criticizev批评;评论cropn.庄稼,收成crossa.脾气不好的,易怒的n.十字形的东西vt.越过,穿过crossingn.十字路口,人行横道crossroadsn.交叉路口(单复数同形)ata/thecrossroads处于关键时刻;在十字路口crowdn.人群vt.拥挤,群聚becrowdedwith…incrowdscrucialadj.至关重要的;关键的;决定性的becrucialtoit’scrucialthat…(should)cruela.残忍的,残酷的,无情的becrueltosb.Itiscruelofsbtodosthcrushv.&n.压碎,压坏,压扁cryn.叫喊,哭声v.喊叫,哭cuben.立方形的东西,立方体culturen.文化cupn.茶杯cupboardn.碗柜,橱柜curen.&vt.治疗,医好curesb.ofsth.治好某人…病treatsb.for…acure/treatmentforadisease一种病的疗法curiousa.好奇的,奇异的becuriousabout对…好奇outofcuriosity出于好奇currencyn.货币,现金currentn.水流,气流,电流;趋向,趋势,倾向adj.现在的,现行的;通用的,通行的curriculumn.总课程(plcurricula)cursev.&n.诅咒;骂cursesb/sthfor(doing)sthcurtainn.窗帘cushionn.垫子,靠垫customn.习惯,习俗,风俗习惯followacustom遵从习俗54

13customern.(商店等的)顾客,主顾customsn.海关,关税cut(cut,cut)v.n.切,剪,削,割伤口cutdown砍倒,砍伐;缩减,减少cutin插嘴cutoff切断(电力,煤气,自来水等);切断(通话);使人或城镇孤立cutup切碎=cutsthintopiecescuteadj.漂亮的,娇小可爱的;聪明伶俐的,精明的cyclevi.骑自行车cyclistn.骑自行车的人Ddailya.每日的,日常的ad.每天n.日报damn.坝,堤damagen.&vt.毁坏,损害cause/dodamageto对……造成损害dampa.&n.潮湿(的)dancen.&vi.跳舞dangern.危险indanger处于危险之中indangerofdoingsthdangerousa.危险的darev.&aux.(后接不带to的不定式,主要用于疑问,否定或条件句)敢,敢于darkn.黑暗,暗处,日暮a.黑暗的,暗淡的,深色的darlingn.心爱的人,(用作称呼)亲爱的dashv.&n.快跑,冲刺,短跑makeadashfor…向……冲去datan.资料,数据databasen.资料库,数据库daten.日期,约会,.枣datefrom=datebackto追溯到……(无进行时和被动语态)abuildingdatingfrom/datingbacktothe13thcenturyBC.aletterdatedOct,1,2014daughter.女儿dawnn.黎明,拂晓atdawn在黎明dayn.(一)天,(一)日,白天byday日间,在白天dayafterday日复一日(强调重复)dayandnight日日夜夜daybyday一天一天地bytheday按天地thedayaftertomorrow后天thedaybeforeyesterday前天theotherday前几天,某日deada.死的,无生命的deadlinen.最后期限,截止日期set/meet/missthedeadline设立/赶上/错过截止日期deaf.聋的turnadeafeartosth对---充而不闻dealv.(dealt,dealt)处理,对付,经营n.量,数额,交易dealwith处理,处置agreat/gooddealof大量,许多的(接不可数名词)It’sadeal.成交;就这么办dearint.(表示惊愕等)哎呀!唷!a.亲爱的,贵的deathn.死,死亡debaten.&v.讨论,辩论debtn.债务,欠款indebttosb.欠某人债;受过某人的好处,感激某人decaden.十年,十年间decidev.决定,下决心decideonsthdecisionn.决定,决心makeadecision做出一个决定declarevt.声明,断言declarewaron对……宣战declarethemeetingopen(closed)宣布会议开幕/闭幕Cf:announcethestarting/openingof…宣布…开幕declinev.辞谢;谢绝(邀请等);衰退,衰落go/fallintoadecline陷入衰退中onthedecline=indecline衰退中decoratevt.装饰,修饰decorationn.装饰,修饰decrease降低,减少adecrease/adropinpopulation人口的减少deducevt.推论,推断;演绎出deedn.行为,事迹doagooddeed做一件好事deepa.深ad.深,深厚digdeep挖得深;deep(late)intothenight直到深夜deepinthought/debt沉思/深陷债务bedeeplymoved被深深的感动deern.鹿(pl.deer)defeatvt.击败,战胜defeatsb.=beatsb.赢了(击败)某人winthegame赢了比赛defence/defensen.&v.防御,防务indefenseof…=todefend为了保卫……defendvt.防守,保卫;辩护defend….against/from保卫……免遭definev.定义自选色,设置自定义颜色definitea.明确的,确切的,一定的,肯定的definitionn.定义,释义degreen.程度,度数,学位ina(certain)degree/toa(certain)degree在一定(某种)程度上delayn.&v.拖延,延误delaydoing=putoff/postponedoing推迟做…deletev.删去deliberatea.故意的ad.deliberatelydeliberately=onpurpose=byintention=bydesign故意delicatea.娇弱的,纤细的,易碎的,脆弱的deliciousa.美味的,可口的delightn.快乐,乐事takedelightin乐于做……toone’s(great)delight使某人(很)高兴的是…=muchto..bedelightedat/by/with因……感到高兴delighteda.高兴的,快乐的delivervt.投递(信件,邮包等)demandvt.要求demandsthof/fromsb对(人)要求…demandtodo要求做……demandthatsb(should)domeet/satisfyone’sdemands/needs/want满足某人的要求sthbeingreatdemand/need/want……处于需求中=sb.beinneedofsth.adamandfor对……的需求*demandinga.要求高的ademandingjob一个费力的工作*denyv.否认denydoingsth拒绝做denysbsth=denysthtosb拒绝给予某人……dentistn.牙科医生atthedentist’s在牙医诊所department(缩Dept.)n.部门,(机关的)处,(大学的)系departmentstoren.百货商场54

14departuren.离开,离去dependvi.依靠,依赖,指望,取决于dependon…依赖于……dependonsbtodosth/forsth.依靠某人(做)……=dependonitthatsb….=countonitthat依靠/指望某人做…That/It(all/just)depends.那得依情况而定。depositv.放置;存放;交…保管;沉淀n.存款;保证金depressionn.忧伤,消沉,沮丧depthn.深,深度describevt.描写,叙述descriptionn.描述,描写beyonddescription无法形容desertn.沙漠vt.舍弃,遗弃deservev.值得,应受的Hedeservespraising=deservestobepraised=deservesprasieHedeservestogetpraise应得到表扬designn.&vt.设计,策划图案,图样,样式bedesigned/intended/meanttodosth/forsth被用来做……;为…而准备的;打算做…desirevt.&n.要求,期望desiresth.=haveadesirefor=beeagerforsth.渴望得到desirehimtodo=desirethathe(should)do希望某人做...adesired(=expected)result预期的结果deskn.书桌,办公桌,写字台despairn.绝望toherteacher'sdespair,amood/senseofdespair绝望的情绪/感觉desperatea.不顾一切的,渴望的bedesperatefor/todo极度渴望得到/做…despiteprep.不管Despitehisillness=Despitethefactthatheisill=Although/Though/Whileheisill=Illasheis尽管他病了dessertn.甜点destinationn.目的地,终点destroyvt.破坏,毁坏(destroyed)bedestroyedbyanaturaldisaster被自然灾害摧毁detailn.细目,细节;小事;各种细节,详情indetail详细地adetaileddescription一个详细的描述detectiven.侦探determinevt.决定,决心bedeterminedtodo=makeupone’smindtodo=bebentondoing决心做…adeterminedperson=apersonwithdetermintation一个意志坚强的人developvi/vt.(使)发展,(使)发达,(使)发育,开发;开始患病;产生兴趣爱好vt.冲洗(照片)developmentn.发展,发达,发育,开发withthedevelopmentofsociety随着社会的发展adevelopedcountry一个发达国家adevelopingcountry一个发展中国家devicen.装置,设备,器具;手段,策略deviln.n.魔鬼;撒旦;家伙;恶棍;淘气鬼;冒失鬼devotevt.把……奉献,把……专用(于)devoteoneself/one’sattention/effort/timetodoingbedevotedtodoing专心于……devotionn.奉献,奉献精神one’sdevotiontosth某人对……的奉献dialvt.拨(电话号码)dialogue/dialogn.对话diamondn.钻石,金刚石,纸牌中的方块diaryn.日记,日记簿keepadiary记日记dictationn.听写dictionaryn.词典,字典diev.死dieabravedeath英勇就义dieyoung早夭dieaway(声音、光线、风等)渐弱、渐息diedown(声音)静下来;(火、兴奋等)渐息dieout绝种;(习惯、做法等)消失,过时bedyingfor=haveadesireforsth=beeagerfor渴望得到dietn.饮食be/goonadiet节食differv.相异,有区别AdifferfromBinsth.=AisdifferentfromBinsth.A跟B在…方面不同Cf:distinguishAfromB=distinguishbetweenAandB=tellAfromB把A跟B区分开differencen.不同makea/no/littledifferenceto对…(不)产生差别,有影响thedifferencebetweenAandB/betweenA,BandCdifferenta.不同的,有差异的differentiatev.区分;区别对待differentiatebetweenrightandwrong.differentiatebetweendifficulta.难的,艰难的,不易相处的difficultyn.困难,费力havesomedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)doingsth=haveahard/difficult/toughtime(in)doing…费力地做某事dig(dug,dug)v.挖(洞、沟等),掘digestvi.消化Thiskindoffooddigestseasily.这食物易消化digital.a.数字的,数码的dignityn.庄严,端庄,尊严dilemman.进退两难的境地becaughtinadilemma进退两难dimensionn.尺寸,度量dinnern.正餐,宴会dinosaurn.生〉恐龙dioxiden.二氧化物dipvt.浸,蘸,把……放入又取出dipinto把…浸入;浏览;动用(款项)diploman.毕业文凭,学位证书directa./ad.直接的,直达的,直截了当的(opp.indirect)vt指挥,指导,监督,管理,指挥(演奏),导演godirectto…直接走向;tellmedirectly直接告诉我directionn.方向,方位gointhedirectionof…朝着…的方向comefromtheoppositedirection从对面过来followthedirections/instructions按说明书directorn.所长,处长,主任,董事,导演directoryn.姓名地址录dirtya.脏的disableda.残废的,残疾的disabilityn.残疾,无能thedisabled=peoplewithdisabilities残疾人disadvantagen.不利条件,弱点atadisadvantage处于不利地位disagreevi.意见不一致,持不同意见disagreementn.意见不一致,相违,争论disappearvi.消失disappointvt.使失望bedisappointedwith/at/by对…感到失望的disappointmentn.失望,沮丧54

15toone’sdisappointment令某人失望的disastern.灾难,祸患spellthedisaster招致灾难*discipline纪律discountn.折扣atadiscount打折discouragev.(使……气馁)discouragesbfromdoing劝阻某人做……encouragesbtodo鼓励某人做……bediscouraged=loseheart感到泄气discovervt.发现discoveryn.发现makeadiscovery发现discriminationn.歧视discriminationagainst对…的歧视discussvt.讨论,议论discusssthwithsb=haveadiscussionwithsbaboutsth和某人为某事讨论discussionn.讨论,辩论diseasen.病,疾病disgustinga.令人作呕的,讨厌的dishn.盘,碟,盘装菜,盘形物disk=discn.磁盘dislikevt.不喜爱,厌恶dislikedoingsth;dislikeit/hateitwhen…不喜欢…dismissvt.让……离开,遣散,解散,解雇*displayv.&n.ondisplay=onexhibition=onshow在展览中distancen.距离inthedistance在远处atadistance隔一段距离distanta.远的,遥远的;冷漠的distinctionn.区别,明显差别,特性;荣誉;名声distinguish辨别,分清distinguish…from…=distinguishbetween…and…=draw/makeadistinctionbetween辨别……与……distinguished卓越的;杰出的distributev.分配,分给districtn.区,地区,区域disturbvt.扰乱,打扰disturbthepeace打破平静disturbingadj.烦扰的=upsettingdive(dived,dove(Am)或dived)vi.跳水diversev.不同的,多种多样的dividevt.分,划分dividesthinhalf/intohalves/intwo把……分成两半divisionn.分开;分配;部门;界限divorcev.离婚divorcesb=getdivorcedfromsb和……离婚marrysb=getmarriedtosb和……结婚(状态)bedivorcedfrom/bemarriedtodizzya.头眩目晕的do(did,done)dosomecleaning/cooking/shoppingdowellin学得不错,干得漂亮doawaywith去掉,废除,弄死,浪费do/causedamageto损害dogoodto(=dosb.good)有益于doharmto(=dosb.harm)有害于doitswork有效,有作用dosb.right公平对待,正确批评某人dowrongto(=dosb.wrong)冤枉某人,对不起某人dosb.afavor/doafavorforsb.帮助某人doup捆,扎,系,扣,收拾,刷新Thatwilldo.行了,够了do/workwonders创造奇迹doctorn.医生,大夫,博士documentn.文件,文献dogn.狗dolln.玩偶,玩具娃娃dollarn.元(美国、加拿大、澳大利亚等国货币单位)domestica.国内的,家用的donatev.捐赠,赠送donatemoneyto捐钱doorn.门dormitoryn.学生宿舍(缩写式dorm)dotn.点,小圆点bedottedwith点缀着……doublea.两倍的,双的n.两个,双doubtn.&v.怀疑,疑惑Thereisnodoubtaboutsth/that…毫无疑问Thereremainssomedoubtabout疑虑犹存beyond/outofdoubt毫无疑问indoubt怀疑地withoutdoubt无疑的downprep.沿着,沿……而下ad.向下downloadn.&v.下载(计算机用语)downstairsad.在楼下,到楼下downtownad.往或在城市的商业区(或中心区、闹市区)n.城市的商业区,中心区,闹市区a.城市的商业区的,中心区的,闹市区的dozenn.十二个,几十,许多twodozeneggs/twodozenoftheeggs两打鸡蛋dozensof几十indozens成打地bythedozen论打Dr.=doctorn.医生,博士draftn.草稿,草案,草图v.起草,画草图,草拟bedraftedinto被征召到……makeadraft打草稿dragv.拖,拽draman.戏剧draw(drew,drawn)v.绘画,绘制,拉,拖,提取(金钱)endinadraw=endinatie以平局告终drawern.抽屉dream(dreamt,dreamt或~ed,~ed)n.&vt.梦,梦想dreamof/aboutdoingsth梦想做……dressn.女服,连衣裙,(统指)服装,童装v.穿衣,穿着bedressedinsth=wearsth=havesthon穿着……dresssb给某人穿衣服;dressup盛装打扮dresswell/poorly穿得体面/破烂(howsb.dress/whatsb.wear)drilln.钻头,(反复的)训练vt.钻(孔),在……上钻孔,重复训练drinkn.饮料,喝酒v.(drank,drunk)喝,饮bedrunk喝醉adrunkenman醉汉bedrunkwithone’ssuccess沉醉于成功的喜悦中drinktoone’shealth为健康干杯drive(drove,driven)v.驾驶,开(车),驱赶drivesbhome开车送某人回家drivesbmad/crazy使某人发疯drivesbtodosth迫使某人做……drivern.司机,驾驶员dropn.滴v.(dropped,dropping)掉下,落下,投递,放弃54

16dropout退出;退学dropinonsb/atsp顺便拜访drownvi.溺死,淹没thedrowning/drownedgirl(溺水/淹死的女孩)drugn.药,药物,毒品take/abusedrugs吸毒drumn.鼓,鼓状物drunka.醉的bedrunkwith陶醉于dryv.使……干,弄干,擦干a.干的,干燥的duckn.鸭子duea.到期的,应付给;预定做…sth.bedue到期的;beduetodo预期做Theshipisdueat8tomorrowmorning.=Theshipisduetoarriveat8tomorrowmorning.船预期明天上午8点到达dueto=owingto=thanksto因为……dulla.阴暗的,单调无味dumplingn.(有肉馅等的)汤团,团子;苹果布丁duringprep.在……期间,在……过程中duringthenight(在晚间的某个时间点发生…)Cf:forthewholenight整个晚上做…duskn.黄昏atdusk在黄昏dustn.灰尘,尘土dustbinn.垃圾箱dustya.尘土般的,尘土多的dutyn.责任,义务asenseofduty责任感;onduty值班offduty不值班DVD数码影碟(digitalversatiledisk)dynamica.动力的;动力学的;力学(上)的;动态的;电动的;冲击的有生气的;精力充沛的,精悍的;(工作)效率高的dynastyn.王朝,朝代theMingDynasty明朝Eeacha.&pron.每人,每个,每件eachother相互,互相eagera.渴望的,热切的eaglen.鹰earn.耳朵,耳状物,听力,听觉earlya.早的ad.早地Earlybirdscatchtheworms.笨鸟先飞。earnvt.挣得,赚得earnone’sliving=makealiving谋生earnrespectfrom…赢得某人的尊敬earnsb.sth.为…获得earnest认真的;有决心的;郑重其事的;诚挚的inearnestearthn.地球,土,泥,大地earthquaken.地震easta.东方的,东部的,朝东的,从东方来的ad.在东方,向东方,从东方n.东,东方,东部Eastern.复活节easterna.东方的,东部的eastwardsad.向东easya.容易的,不费力的takeiteasy别紧张,从容eat(ate,eaten)v.吃eatup吃光ecologyn生态,生态学economica经济(上)的,经济学的;实用的,实际的economyn.经济,理财,节约edgen.边缘ontheedgeofthetown在城镇的边缘haveanedge/advantageover有…的优势editionn.(同期发行出版物的)版,版(本);期数Cf:version:一件文学、文艺作品或形式的改编。thefilmversionofafamousnovel(这部小说的电影版)the2ndeditionofthemagazine(杂志的第2期)editorn.编辑educatevt.教育,培养educationn.教育,培养*educationala.教育的,教育意义的effectn.效果,作用havea…effect/influence/impacton对……有影响bring…intoeffect开始实施takeeffect生效*effectivea.有效的,生效的efficienta.有效率的effortn.努力,艰难的尝试makeefforts/anefforttodo努力做……inanefforttodo努力做……sparenoefforttodo…不遗余力eggn.蛋,卵eithera./conj.二者之任一二者之一,要么…ad.(用于否定句或短语后)也either…or不是……就是,要么……要么(就近原则)aneither-orsituation一个二选一的情况eldern.长者,前辈theelderly=old/seniorcitizens*elderlya.上了年纪的electvt.(投票)选举electsb(as/tobe)monitor选某人做班长electrica.电的anelectricfan/cooker电扇/电饭煲electricala.电的,电器的electricalequipment/appliances电器设备electricityn.电,电流electronica.电子的eleganta.优美的,文雅的;讲究的elementn.(化学)元素;成分,要素,原件elephantn.象elsead.别的,其他的e-mail/emailn.v.电子邮件发电子邮件embarrassv.使人窘迫/尴尬feelembarrassedaboutsth感到局促不安Itisembarrassingtodosth做某事令人难为情embassyn.大使馆emergencyn.紧急情况或状态incaseofemergency在紧急情况下emotionn.情感,感情,激情emotionala.表现强烈情感的,令人动情的emperorn.皇帝*emphasizev.强调empiren.帝国employvt.雇佣;使用(=use)employoneselfin=beemployedin忙于…*employer雇主,老板employee雇工employmentn.雇佣,职业(opp.umemployment)emptya.空的v.倒空emptysp.ofsth类似:ridsp.ofsth.;robsp./sb.ofsth*enablev.使……能够enablesbtodosth使某人能够做……encouragevt.鼓励encouragesb.todo=encouragesb.intodoing鼓励…54

17做…encouragementn.鼓励withone’sencouragement在…的鼓励下endn.末尾,终点,结束v.结束,终止intheend最后,终于endingn.(故事,电影等的)结局,(单词的)结尾endlessa.无止境的,没完的enemyn.敌人,敌军makeenemieswithsb与某人树敌energetica.精力旺盛的energyn.精力,能量fullofenergy精力充沛enginen.发动机,引擎engineern.工程师,技师engineeringn.工程(学),工程师行业Englisha.英国的,英国人的,英语的n.英语inEnglish用英语;theEnglishlanguage英语这门语言English-speakinga.说英语的enjoyvt.欣赏,享受……之乐趣,喜欢enjoyoneself玩得开心enjoyablea.愉快的,有趣的enlargevt.扩大enoughn.足够,充足a.足够的,充分的ad.足够地,充分地enquiryn.询问*ensurev.确保,担保ensure=makesure=checkthat从句确保做到ensuresafety=makesureofsafety确保安全entervt.进入enteraroom进入房间enterfora…报名参加enterprisen.事业,计划;事业心,进取心;企[事]业单位,公司entertainmentn.娱乐enthusiastica.狂热的,热心的beenthusiasticabout热衷于entirea.整个的,全部的*entitlev.使……有资格,给……提名entrancen.入口,入场,进入的权利;入学许可attheentranceto…在……入口theentranceexamination入学考试;高考entryn.进入envelopen.信封environmentn环境environmentala.环境的payattentiontoprotectingtheenvironment=payattentiontoenvironmentalprotection注意保护环境envyvt.&n.忌妒,羡慕feelenvyat对……感到嫉妒、羡慕outofenvy出于嫉妒envyhimhissuccess嫉妒他成功equala.平等的vt.等于,使等于beequalto…与……相等;胜任……equalityn.平等equatevt.将……等同于;同等对待(或看待、表示),相提并论equateAwithBequipvt.提供设备,装备,配备beequippedwith装备着……equipment(UN.)装备,设备apieceofequipment一件设备alotofequipment许多设备erasern.擦除器,尤指墨水消除剂,橡皮errorn.错误,差错learnbytrialanderror通过不断摸索学习eruptv.爆发,喷发;突然发生escapen.&vi.逃跑,逃脱escapepunishment=escapebeingpunished逃避惩罚anarrowescape=escapenarrowly勉强逃脱;九死一生especiallyad.特别,尤其essayn.散文,文章,随笔essentialn.必不可少的,绝对必要的;非常重要的Itisessential(=necessary/important..)that…(should)do*establish建立、创立(=setup=found)estaten.财产ethnicadj.民族的;种族的Europen.欧洲Europeana.欧洲的,欧洲人的n.欧洲人aEuropean一位欧洲人evaluatev评价、评估evenad.甚至,连(……都),更evenif/though即使,尽管eveningn.傍晚,晚上towardsevening傍晚时分eventn.事件,大事;赛事;社交活动eventuallyad.最终地everad.曾经,无论何时eversince自那时起直到现在;forever永远地everya.每一,每个的everyother(line)=everysecondline每隔一(行)everyfewyears每几年everybody/everyonepron.每个人,人人everydaya.=daily每日的,日常的*everythingpron.每件事everywheread.到处evidencen.证据There’snoevidencethat…没有证据表明evidenta.明显的,明白的evila.邪恶的,坏的n.邪恶,罪恶,祸害Loveofmoneyistherootofallevil.爱钱是邪恶的根源。evolutionn.演变;进化;发展evolvev.(使)逐步发展;(使)逐步演变;(使)进化exacta.精确的,确切的tobeexact=exactlyspeaking准确地说at7exactly=at7sharp七点整Exactly=Absolutely!的确这样!(完全同意前文)Notexactly!不完全是这样的.Notreally!=(Notverymuch.)算不上,也不是。examination/examn.考试,测试,检查,审查examinevt.检查,诊察examplen.例子,榜样forexample例如,举例、take…forexample举……为例followone’sexample学某人的榜样setanexampletosb为某人树立榜样setanexampleforsb.tofollow为某人树效仿的榜样exceedv.超过,超出(数量);超越(规定的范围)excellenta.极好的,优秀的exceptprep.除……之外exceptionn.例外sth./sb.beno/notanexception…也不例外exchangen.交换,掉换,交流inexchangeforsth以交换……exchangeAforBwithsb用……和某人交换……54

18excitevt.使兴奋,使激动excludevt.阻止……进入;把……排斥在外exclude…from…excusen.借口,辩解vt.原谅,宽恕makeup/inventanexcuse编造借口exercisen.锻炼(U);做操(pl.);练习,习题(C.)vi.锻炼,操练takeregularexercise=exerciseregularly进行有规律的锻炼domathsexercises做数学练习doeyeexercises做眼保健操exercisecontroloversth.=controlsth.对加以控制exhibitionn.展览,展览会onexhibition/onshow=ondisplay展出existvi.存在existencen.存在,生存,存在物comeintoexistence/comeintobeing开始存在,产生exitn.出口,太平门expandvt./vi使……变大,扩大,扩张;伸展,伸开expectvt.预料,盼望,认为expectationn.预料,期望live/comeuptoone’sexpectations符合某人的期待beyondone’sexpectations出人意料的expensen.消费,支出attheexpenseof=atsb’sexpense以……为代价,atone’sownexpense/charge自费expensivea.昂贵的(opp.inexpensive)experiencen.经验(U),经历(C)haveexperiencein=beexperiencedin在……方面有经验anunforgettableexperience一次难忘的经历experiencelife体验生活anexperiencedworker一个有经验的工人experimentn.实验make/do/perform/conduct/carryoutanexperiment做实验experimentonanimals在动物身上做实验experimentwith=tryoutnewmethods/materials试验新方法expertn.专家,能手beexpert(=skilled)at/in(doing)sth.擅长做/是某方面的专家exportn.&v.出口explainvt.解释,说明explainsthtosb=givesbanexplanationof…向…解释explanationn.解释,说明inexplanationof=toexplainexplicita.详述的,明晰的;直言的,毫不隐瞒的,explodev.(使)爆炸exploitvt.开发,开采;利用exploittheoilunderthesea开发海底石油exploren./v.勘查,勘探;探索;探究;仔细查看explorern.探险者*expert专家、能手exposevt.揭露exposeoneselfto=beexposedtosth/doingsth暴露在…下;置身于…;让…接触expressvt.表达,表示,表情n.快车,特快专递expressionn.表达,词句,表示,说法,表情extendv.延伸、扩展extension延长、扩展*extentn.宽度、大小、长度;程度、范围tosome/acertainextent/degree达到某种程度extraa.额外的,外加的doextrawork加班extraordinarya.离奇的,使人惊奇的extremea.极度的,极端的;过激的extremeweather/sports极端气候/极限运动eyen眼睛haveaneyefor有……眼光keepaneyeon密切注视looksbintheeye=lookintoone’seye正视某人intheeyesofsb在某人眼里;在某人看来eyesightn.视力,视觉havegood/pooreyesight视力好、差Ffacen.脸vt.面向,面对facetoface面对;makeaface/faces做鬼脸befacedwith=facesth面对…in(the)faceof面对…look/staresbintheface盯某人的脸faciala.面部用的facilityn.能力(U);设备,设施(通常用复数形式)factn.事实,现实asamatteroffact事实上infact事实上factorn.因素,要素;〈数〉因子,因数factoryn.工厂fadevi.褪色,(颜色)消退fadeaway逐渐消失failv.失败,不及格,衰退fail(in)anexam考试不及格failtodosth未能做到……Wordsfailedme.我说不出话来。failuren.(U)失败,衰退,故障;(C)失败的人(事)afailureasadoctor=anunsuccessfuldoctorfaira.公平的,合理的a.(肤色)白皙的,(人)白肤金发的n.集市,庙会,展览会faithn.信仰,信念havefaithin=believein=trust相信……falln.(美)秋季v.(fell,fallen)vi.落(下),降落,倒fallasleep睡着了fallill生病fallsilent静下来falsea.不正确的,假的familiara.熟悉的familyn.家庭,家族,子女sbbefamiliarwithsth某人熟悉…sthbefamiliartosb某物被某人所熟悉familyn.家,家庭;子女;家族,氏族;语族,语系;(动植物的)科famousa.著名的befamousfor…as…作为……因……而著名fann.(电影、运动等的)迷,热心的爱好者(支持者),风扇fancyvt.设想,空想,幻想adj.昂贵的,高档的;别致的,花式的,花哨的n.想像,设想fancydoing(=imaginedoing)想像做…fantastica.花式的,装饰的,奇特的(口语)极好的,美妙的,很棒的fantasyn.想像,幻想far(farther,farthest或further,furthest)a.&ad.远的,远地faraway遥远的;远非(表程度)farfrom远离sofar到目前为止as/sofaras(表示程度,范围)就……,尽……faten.命运54

19faren.(乘车或船等的)费用,票(价)farmn.农场,农庄farmern.农民fascinatinga.迷人的,有极大吸引力的*fashionn.时尚followthefashion赶时髦in/outoffashion正、不再流行fasta.快的,迅速的,紧密的ad.快地,迅速地,紧密地fastenvt.扎牢,扣住fatn.脂肪a.胖的,肥的fathern.父亲;祖先,先辈faultn.缺点,毛病findfaultwithsb找……茬it’sone’sfault是某人的过错favour/favorn.恩惠,好意,帮助dosbafavour=doafavourforsb帮某人一个忙dosb.thefavourtodo=dosb.afavourbydoing帮忙做infavourof赞成,有利于;toone’sfavour有利于…favourite/favoritea.喜爱的n.特别喜爱的人(或物)faxn.传真fearn.害怕,恐惧,担忧forfearof……./forfearthat从句唯恐……feathern.羽毛featuren.特征,特色;面貌,相貌;特写,专题节目;(电影的)正片,故事片federala.中央的(政府等),联邦的feen.费,费用feed(fed,fed)vt.喂(养),饲(养)feedsbwithsth=feedsthtosb给……喂……feedon=liveon以……为主食feel(felt,felt)v.&link感觉,觉得,摸,触feellikedoing想要做某事feelingn.感情,感觉fellown.同伴,伙伴femalea.女的,女性的,雌性的fencen.栅栏,围栏,篱笆ferryn.渡船;渡口vt.渡运,运送festivala.节日的,喜庆的n.节日fetchvt.(去)取(物)来,(去)带(人)来fetch=sendfor=callinadoctor请医生fevern.发烧,发热have/runahighfever发高烧fewpron.不多,少数不多的,少数的afew(修饰可数名词)fibren.(动植物的)纤维;纤维质fictionn.小说;虚构的或想像出的事,并非完全真实的事sciencefiction科幻小说fieldn.田地,牧场,场地;领域fiercea.猛烈的fightn.v.(fought,fought)打仗(架),争论与…战斗fightagainst为…而战fightforfigure数字,数目,图,图形,(人的)身型,人物,(绘画、雕刻的)人物像vt.(美口语)认为,判断,(在心里)想像,描绘figureout计算出;理解filen.公文柜,档案,(计算机)文档fillvt.填空,装满fillin/out填写befilledwith=befullof充满filmn.电影,影片,胶卷vt.拍摄,把……拍成电影finala.最后的,终极的n.决赛financen.财政,金融;财源,资金,财务情况vt.为……供给资金,从事金融活动financiala.财政的,金融的find(found,found)vt.找到,发现,感到findout弄清楚finea.细的,晴朗的,美好的,(身体)健康的n.&v.罚款fingern.手指fingernailn.指甲finishvi/vt.结束,做完firen.火,火炉,火灾vi.开火,开(枪),射击;开除setfiretosth=setsthonfire放火烧Wherethereisfire,thereissmoke.纸包不住火。Thereisnosmokewithoutfire.无风不起浪。fireworksn.焰火setoff/letofffireworks燃放焰火firmn.公司,企业a.坚固的,坚定的fishn.鱼,鱼肉vi.钓鱼,捕鱼(fishes不同种类的鱼)haveotherfishtodry另有要事要办。fishermann.渔民,钓鱼健身者fistn.拳(头)fita.健康的,适合的v.(使)适合,安装sb.befitforsth.适合于做某事;sthfitsb.(大小)适合…fittingroom试衣间Cf:sth.suitsb.:(颜色、款式、时间、地点)适合sthmatchsth.sb.matchsb.和…相配fixvt.修理,安装,确定,决定fixone’seyeson/upon盯着某人看fixadate/atime/aplacefor..确定……的日期fixaradio修理……flagn.旗,标志,旗舰raisethenationalflag升国旗flamen.火焰,光辉flashn.闪,闪光,转瞬间inaflash刹那间flashlightn.手电flata.平的n.楼中一套房间,公寓(常用复数)flee(fled,fled)vi/vt.逃走,逃跑flee(from)Germany逃离德国flee着重逃跑的过程;escape着重逃脱的结果fleshn.肉one’sownfleshandblood亲骨肉flexiblea.易弯曲的,柔韧的;灵活的,可变通的flexibleworktime弹性工作制aflexibleplan可变通的计划flightn.航班n.楼梯的一段floatvi.漂浮,浮动floodn.洪水vt.淹没,使泛滥floorn.地面,地板,(楼房的)层havethefloor有发言权=haveasay(insth.)flourn.面粉,粉flowvi.流动(flowed;flowed)flowern.花flun.流行性感冒fluencyn.流利、流畅sb.befluentinEnglish=speakEnglishfluently英语说得流利fluenta.流利的beflyn.飞行,苍蝇v(flew,flown)(鸟、飞机)飞,(人乘飞机)飞行,(旗子等)飘动vt.空运(乘客,货物等),放(风筝、飞机模型等)focusv.n.集中焦点54

20focusone’sattentionon…把注意力集中于fogn.雾foggya.多雾的foldvt.折叠,合拢(opp.unfold)foldup折叠;倒闭,歇业=closedownfolka.民间的n.民族;人们;亲属(复数)folksongs/music民歌/民间音乐followvt.跟随,仿效,跟得上fonda.喜爱的,爱好的befondof喜爱foodn.食物,食品fooln.傻子,蠢人v.愚弄fool…intodoing=trick…intodoing骗…做…makeafoolofoneself出洋相foolisha.愚蠢的,傻的foot(pl.feet)n.足,脚,英尺onfoot=bywalking步行footballn.(英式)足球,(美式)橄榄球forprep.为了…,向…,在…期间,对…来说conj.因为forbid(forbade/forbad,forbidden)vt.禁止,不许forbidsbfromdoing=forbidsbtodosth=sb.beforbiddentodo…禁止某人做某事forbiddoingsth禁止做forcevt.强迫,迫使n.武力;力;权力forcesbtodosth=forcesbintodoingsth.强迫做某人做某事byforce用暴力forcethedooropen强行打开门aforcedsmile挤出来的笑容forecastn.&vt.预告(forecast或forecasted)foreheadn.前额foreigna.外国的foreignern.外国人foresee(foresaw,foreseen)vt.预见,预知forestn.森林foreverad.永远,永恒的forget(forgot,forgot/forgotten)v.忘记,忘掉forgetdoingsth忘记做过某事forgettodosth忘记要去做forgive(forgave,forgiven)vt.原谅,宽恕forgivemy(me)doing=forgivemefordoing原谅/宽恕某人forkn.餐叉,岔路v.叉起,分岔,走岔路The(A)knifeandforkis…formn.表格,形式,结构intheformof以……形式;inforrm在形式上formagroup形成一个组织*formala.正式的,正规的formatvt.使格式化,编排格式n.设计,安排;格式,样式,版式formera.前面的、以前的theformer;thelatter前者,后者formula惯例;(婴儿食物等的)配方;处方;公式;方程式fortnightn.十四日,两星期todayfortnight十四天前(后)的今天fortunatea.幸运的,侥幸的fortunen.财产,运气seekone’sfortune碰运气makea(good/great/big)fortune发(大)财tellone’sfortune算命forwardad.将来,今后,向前,前进a.向前的,前进的v.促进;增进lookforwardto(not)doing期待(不)做Cf:lookforwardtodo身体前倾为了看foundvt.成立,建立(founded;founded)foundationn.基本原理;根据;基础layasolidfoundationfor…fountainn.喷泉foxn.狐狸fragileadj.易碎的,脆的;脆弱的;经不起折腾的fragrantadj.芳香的,香的frameworkn.构架;结构francn.法郎(pl.francs)freea.自由的,空闲的,免费的v.释放;使摆脱;去除(be)freeof/from(anxiety)无(烦恼);免受…freesbfrom…使某人摆脱set…free释放,获得自由freedomn.自由havethefreedom(liberty)todosth自由地做某事=beatlibertytodosthfreewayn.高速公路(=motorway,expressway)freeze(froze,frozen)vi.结冰befrozenwithfear由于恐惧而僵住了freezingcold非常冷thefreezingpoint冰点freezinga.冻结的,极冷的frequenta.经常的,频繁的frequencyn.afrequent/regularvisitor/visitsbfrequently一个常客fresha.新鲜的frictionn.摩擦fridge=refrigeratorn.冰箱friendn.朋友makefriendswith与……交朋友Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.患难之交才是真正的朋友friendlya.友好的friendshipn.友谊,友情frightenvt.使惊恐,吓唬sbbefrightened/afraid/scared/terrifiedofsth某人害怕某事frightensbinto/outofdoingsth使某人吓得做/不做frogn.青蛙fromprep.从,从……起,距,来自fromnowon从今往后,今后fromthenon从那时起from…to…从…到…fromtimetotime=(alittle)nowand(alittle)then=timeand(time)again=onceinawhile=sometimes=attimes=occasionally不时,偶尔fronta.前面的,前部的n.前面,前部,前线infrontof在……前面inthefrontof在……前部gotothefront去前线frontiern.前沿,边界,前线frostn.霜fruitn.(作集合性用法U)水果,果实(opp.fruitless无结果的)fruitandvegetables水果和蔬菜fruits:不同种类的水果;(行为的)结果,成果fryvt.用油煎,用油炸fueln.燃料v.给...添燃料fulla.满的,充满的,完全的befullof=befilledwith充满……54

21liveone’slifetothefull尽情地生活makefulluseofsthtodosth.充分利用某物去做某事funn.有趣的事,娱乐,玩笑adj.逗乐的,有趣的makefunof取笑…;benofun=beboring无趣Whatfun;greatfun一件极有趣的事Havefun!=Enjoyyourself!玩开心点。functionn.功能V.产生功能functionas=serveas=workas起……作用/功能fundn.资金、救济金v.为……提供资金fundamentaladj.基础的funeraln.葬礼funnya.有趣的,滑稽可笑的furn.毛皮,皮子furnisheda.配备了家具的furnituren.(总称)家具(U)afurnishedhouse=ahousewithfurniture有家具的房子futuren.将来a.将来的,未来的inthefuture在将来infuture今后Ggainv.获得n.增加;利益gainwealth/respect/experience/weight=againin…获取财富/获得尊重/长胖gaintime,(表)走得快;走得慢losetimekeepgoodtime走得准(这个也可指人“准时”)Nopain(s),nogain(s).一份耕耘,一份收获。=Nogainswithoutpains.Sometimesthebestgainistolose.有时吃亏就是占便宜。galleryn.美术馆gallonn.加仑gamen.游戏,运动,比赛gapn.空隙、间隙narrow/bridgethegenerationgap消除代沟garagen.汽车间(库)garbagen.垃圾gardenn.花园,果园,菜园garlicn.大蒜garmentn.长衫gasn.煤气gaten.大门gatherv.聚集,采集gayn.(男)同性恋a.快活的,愉快的;同性恋的gendern.性别genen.基因generala.大体的,笼统的,总的ingeneral=generallyspeaking=asageneralrule通常地generationn.代,一代fromgenerationtogeneration=onegenerationafteranother一代又一代generousa.慷慨的be~withsth./tosb./It’sgenerousofsb.…gentlea.温柔的,轻轻的ad.gentlygentlemann.绅士,先生,有身份、有教养的人geographyn.地理学gesturen.姿势,手势makeagesture做手势inagesturetodosth为了做……get(got,got)vt.成为,得到,具有,到达get-togethern.聚会getalong/onwith相处,工作等有进展getaway离开离去getback回来getdown取下,v放下getin进入getoff下车geton上车getthrough通过,完成,用光,接通电话getup起床giftn.赠品,礼物gifteda.有天赋的,有才华的begiftedat/in=haveagiftfor=betalentedat/in=haveatalentfor在……方面有天赋girln女孩give(gave,given)vt.给,递给,付出,给予giveback归还,反射giveup放弃,停止giveout分配,分发,放出气味等,筋疲力尽vi.用完giveaway赠送,牺牲,泄露,颁发giveoff发出(烟,气味)glada.高兴的,乐意的glancevi.匆匆一看,一瞥glarevi.怒视、瞪看glanceat=cast/takeaglancat瞥glareat愤怒地看stareat盯着看glassn.玻璃杯,玻璃,(复glasses)眼镜globen.地球仪,地球globaladj.全球的gloryn.巨大的光荣,荣誉,赞美gloven.手套apairofgloves一副手套gluen.胶水go(went,gone)vi.去,走,驶,通到,到达goaway走开,离开,走掉goback回去,返回,走下坡,追溯goby走过,(时间)消逝gofishing/shopping/skating/swimming去钓鱼/买东西/滑冰/游泳goforawalk去散步goon继续,接下去goondoing继续做(同一件事)goontodo接着做(另一件事)goonwithone’swork继续做某人的工作goout出去,熄灭,离开,下台,退休goover复习,温习,检查,越过goafter追逐,追求,跟随goahead前进,进展,继续goalongwith……陪伴,和……一道走gobad变坏,腐败godown下降,沉没,垮台,(风等)平静godownto延续到,继续到goinfor喜欢,参加,赞成,从事,为……而努力gothrough审查,履行,通过,经历,忍受goup上升,上涨,攀登goaln.(足球)球门,目标achieveone’sgoal(aim)达到目的kickagoal踢进一个球goatn.山羊godn.神,(大写)上帝goldn.黄金a金的,黄金的winagoldmedal赢得金牌54

22goldena.金(黄)色的goldenage/hairgoldfishn.金鱼golfn.高尔夫good(better,best)a.好,良好begoodat擅长于……asgoodas和……几乎一样;实际上等于forgood=forever永远goodsn.商品,货物goose(复geese)n.鹅governv.统治,管理governmentn.政府gracen.优雅graden.等级,(中小学的)学年,成绩,分数gradualadj.逐渐的graduallyad.逐渐地graduatev.毕业n.大学毕业生grainn.谷物,谷类gramn.克(重量单位)grammarn.语法granda.宏伟的grandchildn.(外)孙或孙女,孙辈granddaughtern.(外)孙女grandfather=grandpan.爷爷,外公grandmother=grandman.奶奶,外婆grandparentsn.祖父母,外祖父母grandsonn.(外)孙子grannyn.老奶奶,祖母,外婆grantvt.授予;允许;承认vi.同意takesth.forgranted/takeitforgrantedthat…认为某事理所当然;想当然grapen.葡萄graphn.图表graspv.抓住,紧握graspone’smeaning领会某人的意思haveathoroughgraspof彻底理解graspsbbythewrist抓住某人的手腕beyond/withinone’sgrasp某人(不)能理解grassn.草,草场,牧草gratefula.感激的,感谢的begratefultosbforsth因某事感激某人gravityn.引力greata.伟大的,重要的,好极了ad.好极了,很好greedya.贪婪的begreedyformoney/knowledge贪婪;渴望得到Greeka.n.希腊的,希腊人的,希腊语的希腊人Greecen.希腊greena.绿色的,青的n.绿色agreenhand生手greenfingers园艺能手greengrocern.(英)蔬菜水果商greetvt.问候,向……致敬greetsbwithasmile微笑地对某人打招呼greetingn.祝贺offergreetingstosb向某人问候grey/graya.灰色的,灰白的grocern.零售商人,食品店groceryn.食品杂货店groundn.地面loseground失利groupn.组,群grow(grew,grown)v.生长,发育,种植,变成growup成长,长大成人growthn.生长,增长guaranteevt.保证n.保证;担保;保修单guaranteesbsth保证某人某事guanranteetodo保证做某事underguarantee在保修期内havea3-yearguarantee有3年的保修期guardn.防护装置,警戒v.保卫,守卫keepguard守望,站岗onguard在岗上guessvi.猜n.猜测;猜想Iguessso.=Ithinkso.Iguessnot.=Idon’tthinkso.Guesswhat?猜猜看。guestn.客人,宾客guidancen.引导,指导underone’sguidance在某人的指导下guiden.向导,导游者v.指路aguidetosth.….的指南guidelinen.指导方针guiltya.有罪的,犯法的,做错事的beguiltyof有…罪beguiltyabout/for…为…内疚guitarn.吉他,六弦琴playtheguitar弹吉它gunn.枪,炮guyn.家伙gymnasticsn.体操gym=gymnasiumn.体操,体育馆,健身房Hhabitn.习惯,习性fallinto/dropinto/getinto/form/developthehabitof…养成……的习惯kick/getridof/breakawayfromthehabitof..改掉……的习惯beinthehabitof=makeahabitofdoing经常做…hairn.头发hairs几根头发haircutn.(男子)理发halfa.&n.半,一半,半个halfanhour半个小时oneandahalf+复数名词+单数动词halln.大厅,会堂,礼堂,过道hamn.火腿hamburgern.汉堡包hammern.锤子,锣锤handn.手,指针v.递,给,交付交上,交进handin交出handout分发,分配athand在手边;即将到来inhand在手里,在掌握中byhand用手工give/lendsbahand帮某人一个忙handin=turnin上交handdown传下去handout伸出,分发handover=turnover移交Manyhandsmakelightwork.众人拾柴柴火焰高。handfuln.(一)把,少数,少量ahandfulofpeople/grain一小撮人/一把粮食handbagn.女用皮包,手提包handkerchiefn.手帕handlevt处理handlesth=dealwithsth=copewithsth=approachsth.处理……handsomea.英俊的handwritingn.书法handya.便利的,顺手的sth.comeinhandy迟早有用,派得上用场54

23hang(hanged,hanged)v.处(人)绞刑,上吊(hung,hung)v.悬挂,吊着,把……吊起闲逛hangabout/around=knockabout/aroundhappenvi.(偶然)发生sthhappentosb.某人发生…(表“发生”,只说:sthoccur,不说:sth.occurtosb.)sbhappentodosth=ithappensthat…碰巧asithappens,碰巧happya.幸福的,快乐的,高兴的happinessn幸福、快乐harbour/harborn.港口hardad.努力地,使劲,猛烈地a.硬的,困难的,艰难的haveahard/difficult/toughtimeindoingsth做某事很艰难behardonsb=bestrictwithsbinsth.对某人严厉的hardshipn.困难,艰辛,辛苦(U/C)hardlyad.几乎不Hardly/Scarcelyhadsbdonewhensbdidsth=Nosoonerhadsbdonethansbdidsth一……就……hardworkinga.努力工作的harmn.&v.伤害,损伤harmfula.有害的,致伤的doharmtosb=dosbharm=beharmfulto对……有伤害的harmoniousadj.和谐的n.harmony和谐liveinharmonywithnature和大自然和睦相处harvestn.&vt.收割,收获(物)hatn.帽子(一般指有边的),礼帽hatchvt.孵化;培育Don’tcountyourchickensbeforetheyarehatched.不要过早地打如意算盘。hatevt.&n.恨,讨厌Ihate/dislikeitwhen…我讨厌……havevt.有,吃,喝,进行,经受havegotto=haveto不得不havesthon(ad.)穿戴hepron.他headn.头,才智,首脑,源头,标题a.头部的,主要v.率领,加标题,用头顶,出发,(船等)驶向useone’shead动脑筋headfor=beheadedfor=makefor=makeone’swayto朝……去headlinen.(报刊的)大字标题headachen.头疼have/developaheadache(患)头疼headmastern.(英)中小学校长headmistressn.女校长headteachern.中小学班主任healthn.健康,卫生healthya.健康的,健壮的behealthyphysicallyandmentally身心健康hear(heard,heard)v.听见,听说,得知hearof(间接地听)听说hearfromsb.=receivealetterfromsb.收到……信hearingn.听力heartn.心,心脏,纸牌中的红桃learn/knowsthbyheart记住loseone’shearttosb.爱上某人loseheart灰心putone’sheartintosth全身心做某事servethepeopleheartandsoul全心全意为人民服务heatn.热vt.把……加热heatingn.加热,供暖,暖气装置heavenn.天,天空heavya.重的aheavyrain/snow大雨,雪aheavysmoker烟鬼heaveytraffic车辆多heavilyad.重地,大量地heeln.脚后跟heightn.高,高度100minheight=100mhigh100米高attheheightof在…的高度helicoptern.直升飞机helln.地狱,阴间,苦境,极大的痛苦n.究竟(用以加强语气)int.该死(用以表示愤怒或惊讶)hellon.喂,你好helmetn.头盔helpn.&vt.帮助,帮忙helponeselfto随意helpsb.withsth帮助某人做某事can’thelpdoing情不自禁做某事can’thelp(to)dosth不能帮忙做某事can’t(help/choose)butdosth不得不做某事Itcan’tbehelped.我们对此无能为力。Ican’thelpitif…我也没办法…helpfula.有帮助的,有益的behelpfultohenn.母鸡herpron.她(宾格),她的herbn.草药aherbdoctor中医heread.这里,在这里,向这里hereandthere=everywhere到处,处处heron.英雄,勇士,男主角(pl.heroes)heroinen.女英雄,女主角herspron.她的(名词性物主代词)herselfpron.她自己hesitatevi.犹豫n.hesitation犹豫hesitateabout/over/at(doing)sth对……犹豫不决Don’thesitatetodosth…不要迟疑做某事withouthesitation毫不犹豫hin./vi喂,你好hibernatevi.冬眠hibernationn.冬眠hide(hid,hidden)v.把……藏来,隐藏playhideandseek捉迷藏thehiddenmeaning隐含的意思behiddenbehindthedoor躲在门后thehidingplace藏身处higha.高的,高度的ad.高地flyhigh飞得高thinkhighlyof高度评价highwayn.公路hilln.小山,丘陵,土堆,斜坡hillsiden.(小山)山腰,山坡hillya.丘陵的,多小山的himpron.他(宾格)himselfpron.他自己hirevt.租用onhire雇佣;出租onrent(长期)出租hisadj/pron.他的historica.历史上著名的;有历史意义的thehistoricevent/site/meeting历史事件/古迹/历史性会面historicala.与历史有关的historicalresearch历史研究historyn.历史,历史学54

24inhistory在历史上throughouthistory纵观历史inmusicalhistory=inthehistoryofmusic在音乐史上hit(hit,hit)n.&vt.打,撞,击中hitsbintheface/ontheback打某人耳光/背catchsb.bythecollar/arm抓住…的衣领/手臂drivesb.bythenose牵着…的鼻子走makeahit(演出/作品等)获得成功hitsongs热门歌曲hiven.蜂房,蜂箱hobbyn.业余爱好,嗜好hold(held,held)vt.拿,抱,握住,举行,进行holdon继续,别挂断holdback隐瞒,阻止,克制,扣留holddown压制,压低,缩减holdoff不接近,推迟,拖延holdout伸出,提出,维持下去,坚持抵抗holdup举起,支撑,使停滞,耽搁=delaycatch/seize/get/takeholdof抓住,掌握,获得leave/loseholdof=letgoof松手,放弃holen.洞,坑aholeinthewall墙上的洞holidayn.假日,假期onholiday=onvacation休假goforaholiday/vacation去度假holyadj.神圣的homen.家ad.到家,回家athome在家gohome回家behometo=bethehomeof……的所在地;家园homelandn.祖国hometownn.故乡homeworkn.家庭作业doone’shomework做作业honesta.诚实的,正直的n.honesty诚实tobehonest=totellthetruth=honestlyspeaking说实话honeyn.蜂蜜HongKongn.香港honour/honorn.荣誉,光荣vt.尊敬,给予荣誉inhonorof以纪念;以对某人表示敬意=inmemoryofItisanhonorforsbtodosth=sbfeelhonoredtodosth=sbhavethehonorofdoingsth=feelitanhonortodo…很荣幸做某事hookn挂钩、钩子behookedon=beaddictedto沉迷于hopen.&v.希望inthehopeofdoing=inthehopethat从句=inhopesofdoing=inhopesthat从句以希望……hopefula.有希望的,有前途的hopelessa.没有希望的,不可救药的horriblea.令人恐惧的,恐怖的horsen.马hospitaln.医院区分:inhospital/inthehospitalberushedto(a)hospital被很快送往医院hostn.主人,节目主持人v.做主人招待hostessn.女主人hota.热的ahottopic热门话题aheateddiscussion热烈的讨论hotdogn.热狗(红肠面包)hoteln.旅馆,饭店,宾馆hourn.小时bythehour按小时byweight按重量bythedozen论打intherushhours在交通高峰期housen.房子,住宅v.给…提供住房;收藏householdn.家什、家具a.家庭的,家常的housewifen.家庭主妇houseworkn.家务劳动howad.怎样,如何,多少,多么Howcome?(后可接句子)为何会?(已发生之事)howeverad.可是conj.然而,可是,尽管如此however+adj./adv.+主语+谓语howlvi./n.嚎叫hugv(hugged,hugged)/n拥抱,紧抱hugsb=take/holdsbinone’sarms拥抱某人hugea.巨大的,庞大的humana.人的,人类的人humans/humanbeingsCf:mankind/man无复数,前无冠词humanbeingn人humorousa.富于幽默的humour/humorn.幽默,幽默感lackasenseofhumor缺乏幽默感hundrednum.百twohundredpeople/twohundredofthepeople两百人many/severalhundredpeople;many/severalhundredsofpeople几百人hungern.饥饿hungrya.(饥)饿的ad.hungrilygohungry挨饿huntvt.寻找,狩猎,猎取huntforajob找工作hunt(search)theroomforglasses搜房间找眼镜huntern.猎人hurricanen.飓风hurryvi.赶快,急忙hurryup赶快,快点inahurry=inarush=hurriedly匆匆忙忙hurt(hurt,hurt)vt.伤害,受伤,伤人感情vi.疼痛hurtone’sfeelings伤害某人的情感Hisbackhurts.他的背疼Hisbackgot(was)hurt.他的背受伤了。husbandn.丈夫hydrogenn.氢IIpron.我icen.冰icecreamn.冰淇淋idean.主意,意见,打算,想法havenoidea不知道havesome/no/agoodideaof很(不)了解ideala.理想的;完美的;想象的identificationn.(身份)证明、一体identifyv.鉴定;确定identityn.相同、一致,身份identitycard=IDcard身份证idiomn.习语,成语ifconj.如果,假使,是否,是不是ifever如果曾有过的话(如果发生过的话,句中常有seldom)ifany若有…的话ifanything说到有什么区别的话ifso假如这样的话ifnot假如不这样的话ignorevt.忽视adj.ignorant无知的n.ignorance无知beignorantof/about对…无知;不知道illa.有病的,不健康的;坏的54

25illegala.非法的illnessn.疾病illustratev.举例说明,(为书)作插图,图解*imagen.图、像imaginationn.想象,想象力,空想,幻想beyondimagination无法想象imaginevt.想像,设想imagine(sb/one’s)doingsth想象某人做某事imaginesbtobe认为某人是imitatevt.模仿;仿效immediatea.立即的,马上immediatelyad.立即immediately=directly=instantly=themoment(theminute/second/instant…)一……就……immigrationn.移民impactn.影响,冲击力,撞击havea…effect/impact/influenceon=affectsb/sth.对……有影响implyvt.暗示,意指,含有……的意义theimpliedmeaning=thehiddenmeaning隐含的意思importv.&n.进口,输入importancen.重要性beofgreatimportance(significance)=beveryimportant十分重要importanta.重要的impossiblea.不可能的impressvt.留下极深的印象impresssbwithsth=impresssthonsb使某人铭记bedeeplyimpressedby/withsth对……印象深impressionn.印象,感觉leave/make/haveagoodimpressiononsb=givesbagoodimpression给某人留下好的印象improvevt./vi改进,更新improvementn.改善;改进inprep.在……里(内),在……,ad.在家,在内,向内inchn.英寸incidentn.事件incidentallyadv.附带地,偶然地,顺便地includevt.包含,包括include…in..把……算入includingsb=sbincluded包括某人includingprep.包含,包括incomen.总收入,所得increasev.&n.增加,繁殖increaseby…增加了increaseto增加到ontheincrease在增长anincreasein…的增长indeeda.确实,实在independencen.独立independenta.独立的,有主见的bedependentonsb依靠某人beindependentof不依靠Indian.印度Indiana.印地安人的,印度人的n.印地安人,印度人indicatevt.指示individualadj./n.个人的、个人indoorsad.在室内inducevt.诱导;引诱industryn.工业,产业infervt推断,推定(inferred;inferring)infectionn.传染、感染influencen.&v.影响inflationn.通货膨胀,膨胀informvt.告诉,通知informsbofsth通知某人某事keepsb(well)informedof使某人(及时)被告知(消息灵通)informationn.信息gather/collectinformation搜集信息informationdesk问讯处initialadj.最初的、初期的injurevt.损害,伤害be/getinjuredinanaccident事故中受伤aninjuredlook受委屈的表情injuryn.受伤处inkn.墨水,油墨inink=withapen用钢笔写inlanda.内陆的,内地的n.国内,内地innn.小旅店,小饭店inneradj.内心的,内部的,里面的n.里面innocentadj.无辜的n.innocence无辜innovatevi.改革,创新innovatein/ontechniques在工艺上创新insectn.昆虫insertvt.插入insideprep.在……里面ad.在里面insideout(衣服)反穿;turneverythinginsideout翻箱倒柜insightn.洞察力,洞悉;深入了解,深刻见解gain(an)insightinto看透,识破,了解insistvi.坚持,坚决认为insistonsbdoing=insistthatsb(should)do坚持要求某人做Heinsistedhewasinnocent.他坚称自己无辜inspectvt.检查,检验,审视inspirevt.鼓舞,激励,使…产生灵感n.inspiration鼓励,灵感inspiresbtodosth激励某人做某事installvt.安装,安置,使……就职instancen.例子,实例,情况forinstance=forexample例如instanta.瞬间,刹那theinstant=themoment+句子一……就insteadad.代替,顶替insteadof代替,而不是instituten.(研究)所,院,学院institutionn.研究院、学院instructvt.通知,指示,教instructsbtodosth.指令某人做某事instructionn.说明,须知,教导followtheinstructions=directions服从指示;按照说明instrumentn.乐器,工具,器械insurancen.保险insurevt.给……保险;保证使…得到(insure/ensuresb.sth.)intellectualadj.智力的intelligencen.智力intelligentadj.聪明的,智能的intendvt.想要,打算sbintendtodosth=sbintenddoingsth打算做intendsbtodosth打算某人做某事beintendedfor/beintendedtodosth(物)旨在hadintendedtodo=intendedtohavedone本打算做…intentionn.意图withtheintention/purposeofdoingsth54

26带着做某事的意图byintention=bydesign=onpurpose=intentionally故意地interactvt.互相影响;互相作用[+with]interfere[ɪntəˈfɪə]v.干预,干涉interferewith“打扰”或“妨碍”interferein“干涉”。interestn.兴趣,趣味,利息v.使感兴趣take/have/showaninterestin=beinterestedin对…感兴趣developaninterestin培养兴趣arouse/exciteone’sinterestin激发…的兴趣loseinterestinsth对……失去兴趣aplaceofinterest名胜古迹intheinterestof=forthebenefitof为了……利益interestedadj.感兴趣的,有利害关系的interestinga.有趣的internaladj.国内的,内部的,身内的internationala.国际的strengtheninternationalcooperation加强国际合作intermediate之间的,中间的anintermediatestage/stepinaprocess中间阶段/步骤Internetn.互联网,英特网surftheInternet=surfonline上网interpretv.口译;把…理解为,解释,阐明interpretern.口译者,说明者interruptv.打扰,打断intervaln.(时间/空间的)间隔at(regular)intervals不时地(定时地);相隔一定距离的interviewn.&vt.采访,会见,面试gofor/attendaninterview去参加面试interviewsb.采访/面试某人;coversth.采访/报道某事intoprep.到……里,向内,变成introducevt.介绍introductionn.引进,介绍inventvt.发明,创造inventionn.发明,创造inventorn.发明者,创造者investv.投资,投入investigatev.调查,研究invitationn.邀请,请帖;诱因aninvitationto…sth.lookinviting看上去很诱人invitevt.邀请,招待involvevt.包含,使忙于,牵涉,使卷入,使陷入beinvolvedin卷入;热衷于involvedoingsth包括做ironn.铁,熨斗vt.熨烫islandn.岛issuen.发行物,争论点,期刊号vi.流出,发行vt.发行,流出itpron.它itspron.它的itselfpron.它自己Jjacketn.短上衣,夹克衫jamn.果酱,阻塞jarn.罐子,坛子jaw下巴jazzn.爵士音乐,爵士舞曲jeansn.牛仔裤jeepn.吉普车jetn.喷气式飞机jewelryn.=jewellery(总称)珠宝jewel(可数)珠宝jobn.(一份)工作outofajob=outofwork=outofemployment失业jogv.慢跑joinv.参加,加入,连接,会合joinsbindoingsth加入…一起做joinin+活动jointheline一起排队jointheclub加入俱乐部Cf:takepartin=participateinbeinvolvedin(被动参与,卷入)jointa.共同的,联合的,关节jointefforts协力,共同努力joken.笑话playajokeonsb.=makeajokeabout开…的玩笑,把…作为笑柄Thereisnojokingover/aboutthismatter.这种事开不得玩笑。journaln.日报,杂志;日记journalistn.记者,新闻工作者journeyn.(陆路)旅行,路程;(抽象)人生旅程(life~)joyn.欢乐,高兴,乐趣judgen.裁判,审判员,法官vt.判断,断定Judgingfrom/by据…判断;Judgedtobe被认为是…juicen.汁、液junglen.丛林,密林junctionn.连接点,结合点jumpn.跳跃,跳变v.跳跃,惊起,猛扑jump/springtoone’sfeet一跃而起jump/rushtoaconclusion贸然得出结论juniora.初级的,年少的bejunior/seniortosb.比某人年少/长justad.刚才,恰好,不过,仅a.公正的justthebook=theverybook就是这本书(强调)justicen.正义,公正,司法justifyv.证明,辩护Kkangaroon.袋鼠keena.热衷的bekeenonsth.热衷于,非常喜欢keep(kept,kept)v.保持,保存,继续不断n.生计,维持keepondoing继续进行keepaway(from)不接近,避开keepdoing不断地做keepback阻止,扣留,隐瞒keep…from…阻止keepinmind记住keepoff不接近,远离keepone’sbalance保持平衡keepout使……不入内keepwatch守望,值班keepup保持(一定的水准,不低落),(天气)维持不变keepupwith…与…并肩前进,不落后keya.主要的,关键的n.钥匙vt.键入thekeyto(doing)…的关键keywords关键词akeyschool一所重点中学keyboardn.键盘kettlen.壶;水壶keyboardn.键盘;琴键kickn.踢,反冲,后座力v.踢,反抗,反冲kickthegoal进球kickthehabitof=戒掉…的习惯kidn.小孩54

27killn.杀,杀戮v.杀,破坏,消减bekilledinanaccident死于车祸killtime消磨时间kilon.公斤、公里之略写kilogramn.千克kilometre/kilometern.公里,千米kinda.仁慈的,友好的n.种类akindoftree=asortoftree一种树kindof=sortof=somewhat有点kindergartenn幼儿园kindnessn.好意kingn国王kingdomn.王国kissn.吻,轻触v.吻,接吻,轻拂kitchenn.厨房kiten.风筝kneen.膝,膝盖fallonone’sknees=goonone’sknees=kneel下跪knifen.刀v.用刀切割,如刀割般(pl.knives)knockn.敲,敲打,敲门v.敲击,互撞,攻击knockon/atthedoor敲门knockinto…偶遇…,撞上knockdown撞倒knockover撞翻know(knew,known)v.知道,了解,认识know…well熟悉knowof/about对…有所了解Thereisnoknowingwh-无从知道…knowledgen.知识get/haveaknowledgeof对……了解Llab=laboratoryn.实验室labour/laborn.劳动labourer/laborern.体力劳动者lackn.&vt.缺乏,缺少lackpracticalexperience=belackingin…=beshortof…缺少实际经验forlackof因为缺乏(名词后才有of)laddern.梯子ladyn.女士,夫人laken.湖lambn.羔羊lamea.跛的belameinthe+部位(theleftleg)左腿瘸lampn.灯,油灯,光源landn.陆地,土地v.登岸(陆),降落byland陆路走(bysea乘船/byair乘飞机)landsafe安全着陆*landscapen.风景;景色;风景画;风景照lanen.小路;行车线;分道;跑道languagen.语言lapn.(人坐时)膝部,(跑道的)一圈laptopn.手提式电脑largea.大的atlarge详尽的;未被捕的,自由地lasta.最近刚过去的,最后的ad.最近刚过去,最后地n.最后v.持续atlast终于,最后lastbutnotleast最后但同样重要的latea.晚的,迟的belateforschool上学迟到ad.晚地,迟地go/comelatetoschoolbelatewithsupper晚饭做迟了(没及时做好)。latesta.最新的,最近的latera.晚些的,迟些的lateron后来lattern.(两者之中的)后者laughn.&v.笑,大笑,嘲笑laughtooneself独自发笑laughat嘲笑laughtern.笑,笑声launch发动,发射launchacampain发起一项运动laundryn.要(正在)洗的衣物;洗衣店/房apileofclean/dirtylaundry一堆干净的/脏的衣物dothelaundry洗衣物lawn.法律,法令,定律keep/observe/obeythelaw守法breakthelaw违法bylaw依法passalaw通过一项法律alawofnature自然法则lawyern.律师lay(laid,laid)vt.放,搁;铺放;摆放餐具;下(蛋)下(卵)lay....off解雇;lay...aside放一边layout铺开;安排;设计layera.层,层次lazya.懒惰的leadn.铅v.(led,led)领导,带领lead/liveasimplelife过着简朴的生活taketheleadinsth.在……方面起领先地位leadto(doing)sth.导致leadsb.todo使某人做leadern.领袖,领导人leadershipUN.领导undertheleadershipof在…的领导下leafn.(树,菜)叶(pl.leaves)leaguen.联盟,社团aleaguemember团员jointheYouthLeague入团leakv.漏;渗漏;泄露n.漏洞sth.leakout…渗漏出来learn(learnt,learnt/learned,learned)vt.学,学习,学会learnfromsb.向某人学习learnsth.byheart记住learnof…/learn+that从句得知,听说leastn.最少,最少量at(the)least至少at(the)most至多notintheleast=notatall一点也不leathern.皮革aleatherjacket皮夹克leave(left,left)v.离开,把……留下,剩下leaveforsp.去某地leaveschool毕业、退学leavesb.todo委托某人去做leavesb.doing让某人一直做leavetheworkunfinished使工作未做完askforleave请假onleave在休假lecturen.讲课,演讲givealectureon=make/deliveraspeechon作……讲座lefta.左边的ad.向左n.左,左边ontheleft在左边left-handeda.惯用左手的legn.腿,腿脚,支柱legala.法律允许的,法定的,合法的(opp.:illegal)lemonn.柠檬a.柠檬色(味)的lemonaden.柠檬水lend(lent,lent)vt.借(出),把……借给lengthn.长,长度,段,节atlength=indetail最后,详尽地lengthenv.(使)变长lessonn.课,功课,教训doone’slesson做作业teachsb.alesson教训某人一顿givealesson上课drawlessonsfrom从…中吸取教训let(let,let)vt.让54

28letalone更不用说letgo(of)放手letoff排放;不追究let...out不追究lettern.信,字母leveln.水平线,水平;程度,浓度onthelevel诚实,合法liberala.心胸宽广的,开放的,主张变革的liberationn.解放libertyn.自由theStatueofLiberty自由女神像librariann.图书管理员,(西方的)图书馆馆长libraryn.图书馆,图书室licensen.执照,许可证adrivinglicence/permit驾驶执照lidn.盖子lien.&vi.(lied,lied)谎言;说谎lietosb.向…撒谎v.(lay,lain)躺,卧,平放,位于lifen.生命,生涯,生活,人生,生物(pl.lives)bring…tolife使……复活forlife终生cometolife复活,活跃起来liftv.举起,抬起,(云、烟等)消散n.(英)电梯givesb.alift=givesb.aride让某人搭便车lightn.光,光亮,灯,灯光a.明亮的,轻的,浅色的vt.(lit/lighted,lit/lighted)点(火),点燃thelightedcandle点燃的蜡烛bring…tolight将……曝光cometolight显露in(the)lightof=inviewof鉴于lightup(过去式用lit)点亮,照亮,有光彩lightningn.闪电likeprep.像,跟……一样belike就像vt.喜欢,喜爱likelya.很可能的Heislikelytocome.=Itislikelythathewillcome.他可能来。limitvt.限制,减少limitsb.to(doing)限制某人sb.belimitedtodoingsthlimitedtime有限的时间alimitto(doing)sth.……的限度withoutlimit无限地withinlimits适度地,节制地limiteda.有限的linen.绳索,线,排,行,线路v.画线于,(使)成行belinedwith排列着waitinline排队等候lineup排队linkv.连接,联系havealinkwith=belinkedwith/to…和……有联系linkup联合;连接lionn.狮子lipn.嘴唇liquidn.&a.液体,液体的listn.一览表,清单listenvi.听,仔细听listento听……listenfor......留神听literallyadv.逐字地,确实地literarya.文学的;文学上的literaturen.文学litre/litern.升,公升(容量单位)litterv.乱扔leavelitter乱扔垃圾Nolittering!不准乱扔!littertheroom弄乱房间little(比较级less,最高级least)a.小的,少的ad.很少地,稍许n.没有多少,一点alittle一点(修饰不可数名词)notalittle=verymuchnotabit=notatalllivevi.生活,居住,活着livea.活的,活着的,实况,现场(直播)的livinga.活着的n.生计alivefish一条活鱼aliveprogram一个直播节目alivewire通电的电线;生龙活虎的人alivingperson=apersonalive一个活着的人alivelydescription一个生动的描述loadn.担子,货物v.装载(opp.unload)takealoadoffone’smind消除某人的思想负担load…with…用……装载……loafn.一个面包(pl.loaves)loann.借出;借款loansof=lotsof许多locala.当地的,地方的locationn.位置;场所locatevt.确定…的位置belocatedin位于lockn.锁vt.锁,锁上(opp.unlock)logicn.逻辑;逻辑学;逻辑性adj.逻辑的lonelya.孤独的,寂寞的Helivesalonebutneverfeelslonely.他一个人生活,但并不感到孤独.longa.长的,远ad.长久beforelong不久以后longbefore很久之前longago很久之前(从现在往前)nolonger再也不=not…anylonger再也不lookn.看,瞧v.看,观看,看起来lookafter目送,寻求,照料,看管lookat注视,着眼于lookfor寻找,期待,期望lookout向外看,注意,当心,提防lookup查阅,仰视,涨价havealook看一看takealook看一看loosea.松散的,宽松的loosecoins零钱lorryn.(英)运货汽车,卡车lose(lost,lost)vt.失去,丢失lossn.丧失,损耗ataloss不知所措=atseathelossofmemory记忆的丧失losta.丢失的belostin=loseoneselfin…沉迷于losesb.tosth某人被……夺走Herwatchislost/missing/gone.他的手表不见了。lotn.许多,好些alotof/lotsoflouda.大声的ad.(louder,loudest)loungen.等候室;候机室;休息室loven.&vt.爱,热爱,很喜欢lovelya.美好的,可爱的lowa.&ad.低,矮luckn.运气,好运Justmyluck非常不走运!luckya.运气好,侥幸ad.luckilyluckilyforsb.幸运的是luggagen.(总称)行李apieceofluggage/baggage一件行李lunchn.午餐,午饭havelunch吃午饭apackedlunch一份打包的中饭lungn.肺,肺脏Mmachinen.机器mada.发疯的,生气的54

29bemadat/withsb/aboutsthmadam/madamen.夫人,女士magazinen.杂志magica.有魔力的maidn.女仆,侍女mailn.邮政,邮递v.(美)邮寄mailbox(letterbox)n.邮筒,邮箱maina.主要的themainidea中心思想mainlandn.大陆*maintainvt.保持;继续;维护;坚持;供给;赡养majora.较大的,主要的(反义词minor)majorinEnglish主修英语majorityn.大多数themajorityofthestudents=moststudents=mostofthestudents=thestudentsaremostly…大多数学生inthemajority占大多数make(made,made)vt.制造,做,使得bemadefrom由……制成(从产品中看不出原料)bemadein在……制造bemadeof由……制成makeanappointmentwithsb.与……约定makeadifference有差别,有关系,很重要makeawill立下遗嘱makefor走向;有利于makeinto把……制成,使……转变为makeoneselfathome随便,别拘束makeoneselfunderstood让别人理解自己makepreparationsfor为……作准备makerepairs修理makethebest/mostof尽量利用;极为重视makeup弥补,修理,编造,化装,占…比例,和好makewayfor为……让路,让路于makeit就这么定了,成功;及时赶到malea.男(性)的,雄的man(复men)n.成年男人,人,人类mendoctorsMancanconquernature.人定胜天。managev.管理,设法对付managetodo=succeedindoing=beabletodo成功地做managern.经理man-madea.人造的,人工的mannern.方式,态度,举止goodmanners文明礼貌It’sgoodmannerstodo.....inthismanner用这种方式mankindun.人类forthegoodofallmankind造福全人类many(比较级more,最高级most)pron.许多人(或物)a.许多的manyastudent许多学生(谓语动词用单数)agreat/goodmanystudents许多学生(修饰可数名词)manualadj.用手做的;靠劳力的;手工操作的manualwork手工mapn.地图marchn.游行,行进onthemarch在行军中*marginn.边缘;页边空白markn.标记vt.标明,作记号于bemarkedwith标着gainfullmarks得满分marketn.市场,集市onthemarket上市,在销售marriagen.结婚,婚姻askforsb’shandinmarriage=proposetosb.求婚marriagewithsb.与…的婚姻marryv.成婚,结婚marrysb.和…婚marrieda.be/getmarriedtosb.与…结婚marvelousv.不可思议的,惊奇的maskn.鬼脸,假面具v.伪装,隐藏massn.众多,大量,(复)群众amassof=massesofbooks/water许多themasses群众massivea.大量的matn.垫子adj.粗糙的v.纠缠在一起mastervt.精通,掌握n.大师,男主人matchvt.使相配,使成对n.比赛,竞赛;火柴;相配的人、物aperfectmatch绝配AmatchB=AgowithB和……相配materialn.材料,原料reading/buildingmaterials阅读、建筑材料mathematics/mathsn.(通常作单数用)数学mattern.要紧事,要紧,事情,问题vi.要紧,有重大关系tomakematters/thingsworse=evenworse更糟的是asamatteroffact=actually=infact事实上It’sjust/onlyamatteroftime.只是时间问题Itdoesnotmatter!=Nomatter!没关系.不要紧。maturea.熟;成熟;发达;足月;成长maturelyad.maturityn.maximuma.&n.最大量(的),最大限度(的)反minimummaymodalv.可以,也许,可能maywell很可能may/mightaswell不妨mepron.我(宾格)mealn.一餐(饭)meana.(meaner,meanest)吝啬的;刻薄的mean(meant,meant)vt.意思是,意指meannoharm没有恶意Whatdoyoumeanby…?……是什么意思?bemeantfor......目的是......hadmeanttodo...=meanttohavedone....本打算.......byallmeans无论如何,当然可以bynomeans绝不bymeansof凭借…everymeansis…每种方法ameansoftransport/communication交通、通信方式meaningn.意思,含意meansn.方法,手段,财产meanwhilead.同时inthemeanwhile/meantime在此期间measurev.测量n.措施takemeasures/stepstodo采取措施makesth.toone’sownmeasure按某人尺寸做aroommeasuring5mby10m一间5×10m的房间meatn.(猪、牛、羊等的)肉medaln.奖牌media(pl.)n.媒体,介质medium(sing.)themediais/are.....大众传媒medicala.医学的,医疗的medicinen.药have/takemedicine服药mediumadj.中等的media(pl.)媒体,介质meet(met,met)vt.n.遇见,见到会,集会meet/satisfyone’sneeds/demands/requirements满足需要54

30asportsmeet运动会meetwith......遭遇某事meetingn.会,集会,会见,汇合点have/holdameeting召开(举行)会议melonn.瓜,甜瓜membern.成员,会员membershipn.全体会员memoryn.回忆,记忆inmemoryof以纪念某人haveagoodmemory记忆力好memorialn.纪念馆amemorial/monumenttoheroes人民英雄纪念碑mendv.修理,修补mendone’sways改邪归正mentala.精神的,脑力的(physical体力的)physicalandmentalhealth身心健康mentionn.提及,记载vt.提到,说起,提名表nottomention=letalone=muchless=tosaynothingof更不用说mentiondoing提及做Don’tmentionit.不用谢menun.菜单merchanta.商业的,商人的n.商人,生意人mercyn.怜悯atthemercyof任由……摆布showmercytosb.=havemercyonsb.怜悯某人mercifula.仁慈的,宽大的merelyad.仅仅,只不过notmerely/just/only…but(also)不仅……而且It’snotmerelyajob,butawayoflife.merrya.高兴的,愉快的messn.困境;搞乱inamess一团糟messagen.消息,音信takeamessagefor给……带/捎个口信leaveamessage留言ashortmessage短信metaln.金属a.金属制成的methodn.方法,办法alearningmethod=amethodoflearning学习方法metre/metern.米,公尺microscopen.显微镜microwaven.微波middlen.中间,当中,中级的inthemiddleof在……中间midnightn.午夜atmidnight在半夜mightmodelv也许might(may)aswell不妨migrationn.迁移,移居v.migratemilda.温和的,暖和的,凉爽的milen.英里militarya.军事的,军用的,军人的milkn.牛奶vt.挤奶millionnum.百万n.百万个(人或物)millionsof数百万millionairen.百万富翁mindn.思想,想法&v.介意,关心keep/bearinmind记住onone’smind记挂/牵挂在心上beofone/amind意见一致nevermind没关系,不要紧makeupone’smind决定,下定决心changeone’smind改变主意havesthinmind在想minen.矿藏,矿山vt.开采(矿物)pron.我的〈名词性物主代词〉mineraln.矿物质minibus小型汽车minimuma&n.最小量的,最低点的minora.较小的,次要的n.辅修科目(opp.major)ministern.部长,牧师ministryn.政府的部minorityn.少数,少数民族(opp.majorityn.大多数)intheminority占少数theminorityofthestudents少数学生minusprep.&a.负的,减去的minus5degreescentigrade零下摄氏五度minuten.分钟,一会儿,瞬间inaminute立刻,马上,一会儿justaminute稍等一下mirrorn.镜子lookatoneselfinthemirror照镜子miseryn.痛苦,不幸miserablea.悲惨的,不幸的missvt.失去,错过,缺;想念missone’sstep失足missdoing免于、想念narrowlymisshittinghimbyaninch差点击中他missilen.导弹,飞弹mistn.薄雾mistake(mistook,mistaken)n.错误vt.弄错bymistake错误地makeamistake犯错误mistake/take…for…把……误认为mistakena.错误的misunderstand(misunderstood,misunderstood)v.误会,不理解clearupthemisunderstanding消除误会mixv.混合,搅拌mixup混淆mix…with…把……与……混合mixturen.混合物mm(缩)=millimetren.毫米mobilea.活动的,可移动的modeln.模型,原形,范例,模范arolemodel一个角色榜样modemn.数据机,调制解调器moderna.现代的modesta.谦虚的,谦逊的;些许,不太重要的modestimprovements不太显著的改进mom(Am)=mumn.妈妈momentn.片刻,瞬间justamoment稍等一会儿,且慢themoment/minute/instant(引导时间状语从句)一...就mommy(Am)=mummy妈妈moneyn.钱,货币make/earnmoney赚钱monitorn.(班级内的)班长,纠察生,监视器v.监视monkeyn.猴子monthn.月,月份monumentn.纪念碑,纪念物amonument/memorialto………的纪念碑moodn.情绪,心思inabadmood心情不好Iamnotinthemoodforreading/toread.我没心情看书。inagood/badstateofmind心情好/不好moonn.月球,月光,月状物mopn.拖把54

31morala.n.道德的寓意,道德启示morallyad.moralityn.道德;道德准则,道德观more(much或many的比较级)a.&ad.另外的,附加的,较多的再,另外,而且,更n.更多的量,另外的一些moreorless或多或少nomore再也没有,再不not…anymore不再oncemore再一次nomorethan只有=only;和…同样不notmorethan至多=at(the)most;…不如…moreoverad再者,此外=inadditionmorningn.早晨,上午inthemorningonasunnymorningmosquiton.蚊子mothern.母亲motherlandn.祖国motivationn.动机motorn.发动机,马达motorcyclen.摩托车mountain(s)n.山,山脉mountainousa.多山的mouse(复mice)n.鼠,耗子,(计算机)鼠标moustachen.小胡子mouthn.嘴,口fromhandtomouth勉强糊口movev.&n.移动,搬动,搬家onthemove在移动onthego在忙碌中movementn.运动,活动movien.(口语)电影gotothemovies去看电影Mr(mister)先生Mrs(mistress)小姐Ms.女士muchpron.&n.许多mudn.泥,泥浆muddyadj.泥泞的,沾满泥浆的mugn.容易受骗的人multiplyv.乘,使---相乘2multipliedby3is6.2乘以3等于6.murdervt.&n.谋杀;凶杀案murderern.凶手musclen.肌肉museumn.博物馆,博物院mushroomn.蘑菇musicn.音乐,乐曲facethemusic面对失败、承担后果musicala.音乐的,爱好音乐的n.音乐片musiciann.音乐家,乐师mustmodalv.必须,应当,必定是n.amust一件必须做的事muttonn.羊肉mypron.我的myselfpron.我自己mysteryn.神秘性;神秘的事,难以理解的事,奥秘mysteriousa.mysteriouslyad.Nnailn.钉,钉子namen.名字,姓名,名称vt.命名,名叫name…after…以……的名字命名……withthename…=bythenameof名叫…….的……knowsb.byname只知道某人的名字inthenameof…以……的名义narrowa.狭窄的anarrowescape/escapenarrowly勉强逃脱nastya.令人讨厌的nationn.民族,国家nationala.国家的,全国性的,民族的nationalityn.国籍nationwidead.全国范围内的,全国性的nativea.本土的,本国的n.出生者,本国人one’snativelanguage=one’smothertongue母语benativeto…原产于某地behometo/bethehomeof是……的故乡naturala.自然的naturen.自然,性质,种类bynature/inone’snature天生innature在自然界;在本质上navyn.海军jointhenavy参加海军neara.近的ad.附近,邻近prep.在……附近nearbya.附近的ad.在附近地anearbyhospital=ahospitalnearby一个附近的医院nearlyad.将近,几乎notnearly绝不是,远非neata.整洁的,灵巧的necessarya.必需的,必要的ifnecessary如果有必要notnecessarily未必,不一定neckn.颈,脖子necklacen.项链needn.需要,需求aux.&v.需要,必须inneedof需要,缺少peopleinneed处于困难/需要中的人们Thereisnoneed(forsb)todosth(某人)没有必要做needlen.针negativeadj.拒绝的,怀疑的,不同意的;消极的(opp.positive)negotiatev谈判negotiationn.谈判,协商neighbour/neighborn.邻居,邻人,邻近地区neighbourhood

32eighborhoodn.四邻街坊,住宅区neithera.(两者)都不,也不ad.也不conj.既不……也不pron.两者都不neither…nor既不…也不…(在句首时都倒装)either…or要么……要么……nephewn.侄子,外甥nervousa.紧张不安的benervousabout对…感到紧张nestn.巢,窝netn.网networkn.网络,网状系统neverad.决不,从来没有neverthelessadv.仍然,然而conj.然而,尽管如此newa.新的,新鲜的newsn.新闻,消息newspapern.报纸nexta.最近的,紧挨着的,隔壁的,下一次ad.随后,然后,下一步nicea.令人愉快的,好的,漂亮的niecen.侄女,甥女nightn.夜,夜间allnight整夜dayandnight夜以继日atnight在夜间bynight=duringthenight晚上nightclubn.夜总会noad.不,不是a.没有,无,不No.(缩)=numbern.数字,号码noblea.高贵的,贵族的noblyad.nobodyn.渺小人物pron.没有人,谁也不nodvi.点头nodto/atsb.向...点头54

33noisen.声音,噪声,喧闹声makeanoise发出噪声/喧闹声noisya.喧闹的,嘈杂的nonepron.无任何东西或人,无一人nonsensen.胡说,废话noodlen.面条noonn.中午,正午atnoon在正午norconj.也不normaln.&a.正常的(状态)(opp.abnormal)returntonormal恢复到正常状态atanormalspeed以正常速度northa.北的,朝北的,从北来的ad.向(在、从)北方n.北,北方,北部northeastn.东北(部)northwestn.西北northerna.北方的,北部的nosen./&鼻lead/drive......bythenose牵着鼻子走notad.不,没notonly…butalso不但……而且noten.便条,笔记,注释,钞票,纸币,音符,音调vt.记下,记录,注意,留意take/makenotes记笔记notestothetext课文的注释thingsworthyofnote值得注意的事情comparenoteswithsb和某人交换意见/笔记takenoteof=takenoticeof注意=writedown记下notebookn.笔记簿nothingn.没有东西,没有什么adv.一点也不,并不nothingbut...=only只是,只有fornothing免费havenothingtodowith......与......无关noticen.布告,通告,注意vt.注意,注意到givesbamonth’snotice提前一个月通知某人noticesbdosth注意到某人做noticesbdoingsth注意到某人正在做noveln.(长篇)小说novelistn.小说家nowad.现在(every)nowandthen时时,不时地nowadaysad.当今,现在nowheread.任何地方都不,无处nowherenear绝非getnowhere=accomplishnothing一事无成Nowhereelsecanyoufindsuchbeautifulscenery.没有其它别的地方你可以找到如此美丽的景色了Hiswatchisnowheretobefound.他的手表到处找不到nucleara.原子核的,原子能的,核动力的numbadj.麻木的,v.使麻木numbern.数,数字,号码,数量anumberof+可数名词+复数动词一些,许多thenumberof+可数名词+单数动词…的数目numerousadj许多的,无数的nursen.护士,保育员nurseryn.托儿所nutn.坚果,坚果仁(胡桃,栗子等)nutritionn.营养物,营养学Oobeyv.服从,顺从,听从objectn.物,物体v.反对objecttodoing=opposedoing=beopposedtodoing=beagainst…反对做objectiven.目标,宾语a.客观的,物体的,宾语的observev.观察,监视,观测;庆祝;遵守observethelaw/festival遵守交通规则/过…节日obtainvt.获得,得到,买到obviousa.显然的It’sobvious/evident/apparent/clearthat…很显然occasionn.时刻,时机;特殊场合;庆典;原因ontheoccasion在那样的场合中occupationn.职业,工作;占领occupyvt.占领,占据occupy=takeup占据(时间、空间)beoccupiedwithsth./indoing=occupyoneselfwithsth./indoing某人忙于…occurvi.发生(occurred;occurred);突然想到…Itoccurredto(=hit=struck)sbthat从句某人突然想起……sth.occurredtosb.某人突然想起……oceann.海洋Oceanian.大洋洲o’clockn.点钟odda.奇怪的;古怪的;奇数的;余下的;零头的ofprep.(表示所属,数量,其中)……的offprep.离开,脱离,(走)开ad.离开,(电、自来水)停了,中断offencen.犯规;违法行为;罪行;冒犯;无礼offendvt.得罪,冒犯(常用被动)offern.&vt.提供,建议offertodo主动提出做offersbsth=offersthtosb向某人提供officen.办公室comeintooffice就职leaveoffice离职takeoffice执政;就任officern.军官,公务员,官员,警察,警官officialn.(公司、团体或政府的),官员,高级职员a.官方的,政府的;正式的offshorea.近海的oftenad.时常,经常Oh.intoiln.油,油画颜料v.涂油,溶化,加油oilfieldn.油田O.K.=okayint.a.好,可以ad.顺利地,很好地olda.旧的,老的n.古时Olympic(s)a.&n北京奥运会theBeijingOlympicGamesomitv.省略,忽略onprep.在……之上ad.在…之上,穿戴着,继续andsoon等等onandon连续不断地,不停地oncen.&ad.一次,一度,从前conj.一旦atonce立刻,马上allatonce=suddenly突然onceuponatime从前onceinawhile=occasionally偶尔onceagain=oncemore再一次onen.一pron.一个,一人a.一,一个onebyone一个接一个地oneselfpron.自己,自身allbyoneself独自feel/beoneself身心自在,怡然自得onionn.洋葱onlya.唯一的ad.只,仅仅conj.可是,不过ontoprep.到……的上面opena.开着的,开放的,公开的wideopen大开v.打开,公开,开放openup打开beopentothepublic对公众开放54

34beopentodifferentopinions欢迎提意见openingn.开放,口子(attend)theopening/closingceremony开幕式/闭幕式operahousen.歌剧院,艺术剧院PeckingOpera京剧operatev.做手术,运转,实施,负责,经营,管理operateonsb=performanoperationon给某人动手术operateacomputer操作inpractice/operation在实施中operateonsb.给某人做手术operationn.手术,操作perform/undergoan~动手术operatorn.接线员opinionn.看法,见解intheiropinion=intheopinionofthem依他们看haveagood/highopinionof对某人评价高opportunityn.机会,机遇opposevt.反对,反抗opposedoingsth.=beopposedtodoingsth.反对做某事oppositen.相反,对面n.oppositiona.相反的,对面的beoppositeto在……的对面prep.在.....对面oppositionn.反对,敌;对手;在野党oppositiontosb./sthoptimistica.乐观的beoptimisticabout对……乐观optionn.可选择的办法optionofdoing/todo...做…可选择的办法havenooption/choice/alternativebuttodo...只得optionala.可选择的,非强制的orconj.或,就是,否则orala.口述的,口头上的oral/spokenEnglish口语writtenEnglish书面语orangea.橙色的n.橘子orbitn.(天体等的)运行轨道vi.orbitaroundthe.....绕…运行ordern.顺序vt.定购,定货,点菜inorder整齐(秩序井然)outoforder情况不好inorderof以……顺序placeanorderfor…订购……inorderthat(为了,引导目的状语从句)inorderto(为了,跟动词原形,引导目的状语)ordinarya.普通的,平常的organn.器官organise/organizevt.组织organizationn.组织,机构originn.起源,开端originala.原先的,最早的,最初的othera.别的,其他的pron.另一个人(或事)theother(s)(其余的/其余的所有人);one…theother(两者中)一个…另一个otherthan除了otherwisead.要不然,否则,另样;除此以外,在其他方面oughtv.&aux.应该,应当oughttodo.../shoulddo......oughtto/shouldhavedone..本应该做而没做.......ourpron.我们的ourspron.我们的(名词性物主代词)ourselvespron.我们自己outad&prep出外;在外,向外;熄ntheinsandoutsofsth.全部细节outcomen.结果outdooradj.户外的,屋外的anoutdoorgame一个户外游戏outdoorsad.在户外,在野外n.(在)露天,户外playoutdoors在室外玩耍theoutdoors露天outera.外部的,外面的;外围的outerspace外太空outgoinga.出去的,辞退的,外向的outingn.郊游,远足goforanouting去郊游outlinen外形,轮廓;纲要,梗概v.画…的轮廓,概述drawanoutlineof画…的轮廓;拟定提纲outputn.生产,产量,产品outsiden.外面ad.在外面,向外面a.外边的,外来的prep.在……外面outspokena.直率的,直言不讳的outstandinga.杰出的,优秀的outwarda.向外的,往外的(作定语)~appearances外表outwardsad.向外ovaln.卵形,椭圆形(物)a.卵形的,椭圆形的ovenn.烤箱,炉overprep.在…上方,越过,遍及ad.翻倒,遍布,越过,结束overthere在那边overandover(again)反复,一再,三番五次地overalla.总体的,全面的ad.总体地,大体说来n.外套overcoatn.大衣overcomevt.克服(困难等)overcome=getoverdifficulties克服困难overheada.&ad.在头顶上的,架空的overlookv.俯瞰,俯视;忽略,不予理睬overseasadj.&adv.adj.外国的;海外的overseasstudents/visitors外国留学生/游客adv.在国外;在海外live/work/gooverseas在国外生活/工作;出国overweightadj.过重的,超重的owevt.欠(债等)owesthtosb=owesbsth欠某人某物oweittosbthat从句/owesthtosb把……归功于owingto由于owna.自己的v.拥有,所有onone’sown=byoneself=alone独自ofone’sown属于某人自己的ownern.物主,所有人ownershipn.所有制obtaintheownership....获得…所有权ox(复oxen)n.牛,公牛oxygenn.氧,氧气Ppacen.步子,节奏keeppacewith与……并驾齐驱/步调一致Pacifica.太平洋的thePacificOceann.太平洋packn.包,捆,(猎犬、野兽等的)一群v.(为运输或储存而)打包packup收拾行李bepacked/crowdedwith挤满了packagen.(尤指包装好或密封的容器)一包,一袋,一盒packetn.小包裹,袋54

35pagen.页,页码painn.疼痛,疼takepainstodo努力做haveapaininthearm胳膊疼painfula.使痛的,使痛苦的paintn.油漆vt.油漆,粉刷,绘画paintsthblack把……粉刷成黑色paintern.绘画者,(油)画家paintingn.油画,水彩画pairn.一双,一对apairof一双,一对palacen.宫,宫殿theSummerPalace颐和园palea.苍白的,灰白的turn/gopale变得苍白pann.平底锅pancaken.(航空)平降着陆;薄饼pandan.熊猫*paneln.面;板;控制板,仪表盘;专门小组panic(panicked,panicked)vt.&vi.(使)恐慌n.恐慌,惊慌,慌乱inapanic在惊慌中getintoapanic陷入恐慌pantsn.紧身的内裤paperUN.纸,CN.报纸;论文;文件paperworkn.日常文书工作paragraphn.(文章的)段落paralleln.平行线[面]adj.(指至少两条线)平行的parceln.包裹pardonn.原谅,宽恕,对不起v.原谅,赦免begone’spardon请原谅,请您再说一遍Pardonme=Excuseme=I’msorry对不起parentn.父(母),双亲parkn.公园vt.停放(汽车)Noparking!不准停放车辆!parkingn.停车aparkinglot停车场parrotn.鹦鹉;应声虫,学舌者partn.部分,成分,角色,部件,零件a.局部的,部分的v.分离,分开,分割forthemostpart多半,通常来说participatevi.参加,参与participatein=takepartin参加particulara.特殊的,个别的inparticular=particularly特别地beparticularabout对…挑剔partlyad.部分地,在一定程度上partnern.搭档,合作者part-timeadj./adv.兼职的,部分时间的doapart-timejob打工doafull-timejob做专职工作partyn.聚会,晚会,党派passvt.传,递,经过,通过n.入场/通行许可证passby路过,经过passon传给;往下谈;去世=~awaypassdown传下去passagen.(文章等的)一节,一段;通道;走廊passengern.乘客,旅客passer-byn.过客,过路人(pl.passers-by)passivea.被动的passportn.护照pastad.过n.过去,昔日,往事prep.过…,走过某处over/in/for/duringthepastfewyears在过去的几年里(现完)patentn.专利,专利权adj.专利的vi.获得专利权pathn.小道,小径patiencen.容忍,耐心patientn.病人adj.忍耐的,有耐心的bepatientwith=havepatiencewith对……耐心patternn.式样pausen.&vi.中止,暂停,停止pavementn.人行道onthepavement在人行道上pay(paid,paid)v.付钱,给……报酬n.工资payforsth.为……付款payback偿还;报复惩罚payoff还清;成功,达成目标Hereffortshavepaidoff.她的努力有了回报(成功了)P.E.(缩)=physicaleducationn.体育P.C.(缩)=personalcomputer个人电脑pean.豌豆peacen.和平peacefula.和平的,安宁的liveinpeace=liveapeacefullife=livepeacefully过着平静的生活keepthepeace维持治安makepeacewith与某人讲和peachn.桃子peakn.山峰,山顶;有尖峰的高山pearn.梨子,梨树penn.钢笔,笔penaltyn.惩罚,处罚;不利后果,损失penciln.铅笔pennyn.(英)便士,美分(pl.pence)pensionn.养老金peoplen.人,人们,人民peppern.胡椒粉perprep.每,每一perday每天percentn.百分之……20percentofthestudents20%的学生percentagen.百分率alarge/smallpercentageofthestudents很大/很小比例的perfecta.完美的,极好的beperfectfor…完全适合Practicemakesperfect.熟能生巧performv.表演,履行,行动performone’spromise/anexperimentperformadangerousoperation/aplayperformancen.演出,表演普通putonperformances上演performern.表演者,执行者perfumen.香气,芳香;香水perhapsad.可能,或periodn.时期,时代theSpringandAutumnPeriod春秋时期permanenta.永久的,不变的permissionn.允许,许可,同意withone’spermission在……许可下permitvt.许可,允许n.许可证,执照Timepermitting=Iftimepermits如果时间允许的话permitdoing允许做permitsbtodo允许某人做personn.人personala.个人的,私人的personallyad.就自己而言=inpersonpersonneln.(总称)人员;员工;人事部门persuadevt.说服,劝说persuadesbtodo=persuadesbintodoing成功说服某人做54

36persuadesbnottodo=persuadesboutof说服某人不做trytopersuadesb=advisesbtodo劝说但不一定成功persuadesbofsth=convincesbofsth使某人相信petn.宠物,爱畜petroln.石油(=gas)Thepriceofpetrolisrising.汽油的价格在上升phenomenonn.现象(pl.phenomena)philosophyn.哲学phone=telephonev.打电话n.电话,电话机photo/photographn.照片takephotos/picturesof拍照photographern.摄影师phrasen.短语,习惯用语physicala.身体的,物理的physiciann.(有行医执照的)医生;(内科)医师physicistn.物理学家physicsn.物理(学)pianistn.钢琴家pianon.钢琴playthepiano弹钢琴pickv.拾起,采集,挑选pickout挑出,辨别出pickup捡起,拾起;使搭乘;振作起来;好转;恢复;使增加〔加快〕;染上,偶尔习得,(偶然)买到,听到;接收节目;继续;整理picnicn.&v.(picnicked,picnicked)野餐gotoapicnic去野餐picturen.图片,画片,照片pien.甜馅饼piecen.一块(片,张,件……)apieceof一块(片,张,件……)pign.猪pilen.&v.堆pileup堆积起来pilesofwork=apileofwork很多工作pilln.药丸,药片pillown.枕头pilotn.飞行员pinn.别针v.别住,钉住bepinnedto/onthedoor被钉在门上pinen.松树pineapplen.菠萝ping-pongn.乒乓,桌球pinka.粉红色的;n.粉红色pintn.品脱;一品脱啤酒pioneern.先锋,开拓者theYoungPioneers少先队员pipen.管子,输送管pityn.怜悯,同情outofpity出于同情feelpityfor=havepityon=pity同情某人pizzan.披萨placen.地方,处所v.放置,安置,安排inplace适当的outofplace不合适inplaceof=insteadof代替takeplace发生taketheplaceof=replace代替plaina.家常的,普通的Tobeplain/frankwithyou坦白对你说plann.&v.计划,打算plantodo计划做makeaplanfor…制定……的计划*plane/aeroplane/airplanen.飞机planetn.行星plantvt.种植,播种n.植物plastica.塑料的platen.板,片,牌,盘子,盆子platformn.讲台,(车站的)月台playv.玩,打(球),游戏,播放n.玩耍,戏剧playern.比赛者,选手playgroundn.操场,运动场pleasanta.令人愉快的,舒适的pleasev.请,使人高兴,使人满意pleaseda.高兴的pleasuren.高兴,愉快takepleasurein…=takedelightin以……为乐It’sa/mypleasure.不用谢withpleasure非常愿意plentyn.充足,大量plentyofwater/books许多,大量的plotn.故事情节vt.划分,绘图,密谋plugn.插头,插座vt.&vi.插上插头plusprep.(表示运算)加,加上;(表示包容)外加;另有;表示数目)在零(度)以上,正p.m./pm,P..M./PMn.下午,午后pocketn.(衣服的)口袋pocketmoney零花钱apocketdictionary袖珍字典poemn.诗poetn.诗人poetryn.(集合用法)诗,诗歌pointv.指,指向n.点,分数pointout指出pointto指向pointat指着poisonn.毒药poisonousa.有毒的,致命的polen.杆,电线杆;(两)级theNorthPole北极theNorth(South)pole(地球的)极,极地北(南)极policen.警察,警务人员Thepolicearesearchingforthewantedman.policeman(pl.men)policewoman(pl.women)n.警察,巡警女警察policyn.政策,方针,保险单polishvt.&vi.(使)光滑,擦亮polishone’sshoes擦亮鞋子polishanarticle给文章润色polishupone’sEnglish/improveone’sEnglish提高英语politea.有礼貌的,有教养的bepolitetosb对某人礼貌It’spoliteofsbtodosth做…是有礼貌的politicala.政治的politiciann.政治家politicsn.政治pollutevt.污染pollutionn.污染pondn.池塘pooln.水塘,水池poora.贫穷的,可怜的,不好的,差的popcornn.爆米花popular=pop.(口语)(音乐、艺术等)大众的,通俗的,受欢迎的bepopularwith/amongsb.受某人欢迎populationn.人口,人数havealarge/smallpopulation人口多/少What’sthepopulationof…?porkn.猪肉porridgen.粥,麦片粥portn.港口,码头portableadj.便于携带的;手提式的;轻便的portern.(火车站或旅馆处的)搬运工positionn.位置;职位;姿态holdaposition拥有职务inposition在适当位置outofposition不在适当位置positiveadj.确实的,明确的;积极的;54

37肯定的;确信的possessvt.占有,拥有possessionn.所有,拥有,财产,所有物possesssth=bepossessedofsth=takepossessionofsth=beinpossessionofsth拥有sth.beinthepossessionofsb为某人拥有possiblea.可能的possibilityn.可能,可能性postn.邮寄;邮件;岗位,标杆postoffice邮局vt.投寄,邮寄;张贴;发帖子postagen.邮费postcardn.明信片postcoden.(英)邮政编码postern.(贴在公共场所的大型)招贴,广告(画)postmann.邮递员pl.postmenpostponevt.推迟,延期postpone/delay/putoffdoing推迟做potn.锅,壶,瓶,罐potaton.土豆,马铃薯potentialadj.潜在的,有可能的n.潜力,潜势,可能性poundn.磅,英镑pourvi.倾泻,不断流出;涌来,奔涌Itneverrainsbutpours.不鸣则已一鸣惊人povertyn.贫穷;低劣;劣质liveinpoverty贫困poverty-strickena.贫困的powdern.粉,粉末milkpowder奶粉gunpowder火药powern.力,动力,电力beyond/outofone’spower/reach/ability能力所不能及comeintopower上台inpower当权的powerfula.效力大的,强有力的,强大的practicev./n.练习,实习;实践,实际;惯例,常规acommonpractice习惯做法practicedoing练习做inpractice实际上put…intopractice实施practiceasadoctor/lawyer开业当医生/律师practisevt.&vi.练习;实习practiselaw/medicine从事法律专业/行医practicala.实际的,适用的praisen.&vt.赞扬,表扬praisesbfor…赞扬某人做某事inpraiseof为了赞颂singhighpraisefor高度赞扬beyondallpraises赞美不尽prayv.祈祷,祈求prayforsth祈求得到praytodosth祈求做sayone’sprayers祷告prayern.祈祷者preciousa.宝贵的,珍贵的precisea.精确的;恰好的;正是的;周密的predictvt.&vi.预言;预测;预示prefervt.宁愿(选择),更喜欢prefertodoratherthando=preferdoingtodoing=wouldratherdothando宁愿做……也不愿做preferencen.较喜欢的东西,偏爱;优待,优惠,优先权haveapreferencefor…偏爱inpreferenceto…优先于prejudicen.偏见,歧视vt.使有偏见;不利于haveaprejudiceagainst=beprejudicedagainst对……有偏见premiern.总理,首相adj.最好的,最重要的preparationn.准备,预备安排,筹备makepreparationsfor…=preparefor…inpreparationfor为……做准备preparevt.准备,预备,调制,配制preparesth准备…prepareforsth.为…做准备bepreparedfor为…做好思想上的准备*presencen.出席,在场presenta.出现的,出席的n.礼物,赠品vt.呈奉,奉送atpresent现在,目前=nowbepresentat=attendsth出席…(opp.)beabsentfrominthepresenceofsb当着某人的面presentsthtosb=presentsbwithsth把……赠送给presentationn.提供,显示;报告;表演preservevt.保护;维持n.preservationpresidentn.总统,主席pressvt.压,按n.新闻界,出版社thepress新闻界thepressconference新闻发布会presssbtodo强求某人做thefreedomofthepress新闻自由pressuren.压迫,压力,压强underpressure/underthepressureof…在压力下putpressureonsbtodosth对某人施压做pretendvi.假装,装作pretend+不定式(to/tobedoing/tohavedone)或从句假装要做/正在做/已经做了…prettya.漂亮的,俊俏的preventvt.防止,预防prevent/keep/stopsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做previewvt.预习,试演,预展previousa.在……之前;以前的previousto....在…之前pricen.价格,价钱atahigh/lowprice以高价/以低价priden.自豪,骄傲beproudof=takepridein以……自豪primarya.初等的,初级的primaryschool小学primitivea.原始的,未开化的,幼稚的principlen.原则,原理;准则,规范printvt.印刷printern.打印机*priorityn.优先(权)prisonn.监狱prisonern.囚犯inprison在坐牢workintheprison在监狱工作throw/castsbintoprison=putsbinto/inprison=take/sendsbtoprison把某人关进监狱privatea.私人的inprivate=privately私下地inpublic=publicly公开地privilegen.特权,特别待遇;特殊荣幸vt.给予...特权privilegeda.享有特权的prizen.奖赏,奖品win/receivetheNobelPrizeforPeace获得诺贝尔和平奖awardsb.aprize/sbbeawardedaprize颁奖probablyad.很可能,大概54

38problemn.问题,难题proceduren.过程processn.过程;v.加工;vi.列队前进;vt.加工,处理,producevt.生产,制造productionn.生产,制造productn.产品,成果,乘积professionn.(需要有高等教育学位的)职业(如医生或律师)*professionala.职业的professorn.教授profitn.利润,赢利,利益;v.有益,获利,赚钱make/earnaprofitsellsthataprofit盈利programme/美programn.节目,项目progressn.进步,上进vi.进展,进行makeprogressin…=makeadvancesin...取得进步inprogress=underway在进行中projectn.工程theHopeProject=ProjectHope希望工程promisen.&vi.答应,允诺;给人以…的指望或希望makeapromise许诺breakone’spromise违背诺言carryout=keepone’spromise/word遵守诺言promisesbsth答应给某人/that从句promise(sb)todosth.答应某人做某事promisetobe/todo…有望Aheavysnowpromisesagoodharvest.瑞雪兆丰年promisinga.有希望的,有前途的apromisingdoctor一个有前途的医生promotevt.提升,提拔;筹划,发起,创立推销;〈正〉促进;推动;增进pronouncevt.发音pronunciationn.发音proofn.证据,证明a.能防范的,抗...的rainproof/waterproofclothing防水/雨衣服propera.恰当的,合适的properlyad.适当地proportionn.部分;比例proposaln.提议;建议;求婚make(=putforward)aproposalthatsb/(should)提出议案proposev.提议It’sproposedthat......(should)do....protectvt.保护protect…from/against保护……免受protectionn.保护undertheprotection/umbrellaof在……的保护之下prouda.自豪的,骄傲的beproudof为……而自豪/骄傲prove(proved,proved/proven(Am))v.证明linkvi.Histheoryproved(tobe)correct.他的理论证明是正确的。vt.Ithasbeenproven/provedthat……得到了证实providevt.提供providesb.withsth.=providesthforsb.=supplysthto/forsb=supplysbwithsthprovidefor=suportafamily赡养一个大家庭provided(that)conj.假如,如果providing(that)conj.假如,如果provincen.省psychologicaladj.心理(学)的;精神的;关于心理学的psychologyn.心理学pubn.酒店,酒吧publica.公共的,公众的n.公众thepublic大众;民众inpublic公开地publishvt.出版,发行thepublishinghouse出版社pullv.拉,拖n.拉力,引力pulsen.脉搏feelthepulse号脉pumpvt.用泵抽水n.泵punctuala.准时的punctuationn.标点符号punishv.惩罚,处罚punishmentn.惩罚pupiln.(小)学生purchasevt.购买n.购买,购置;买到的东西purea.纯的,不掺杂的purityn.纯洁purpleadj.紫的n.紫色purposen.目的,意图forthepurposeof为了目的onpurpose故意地pursen.钱包pushn.&v.推pushsbtodo/intodoingsth催促某人做……pushone’sway挤过去pushforsth努力获得put(put,put)vt.放,摆putaway把……收拾好;把……放好;存贮putsthdown放下;镇压;记下;削减;降落putup举起,张贴;提名,推荐;陈列;留宿putupforthenight过夜putaside把…放在一边;不予理会/考虑;搁置;排除;存贮putback把……放回原处;拨回putanendto=end结束,终止,废除putforwardsth.提前;拨快;(使)提前;举荐put…intouse使用……put…intopractice把……付诸于实践put…intoaction把……付诸于实践,实施,使生效put…intoeffect把……付诸于实践,实施,使生效put…intooperation将……投入生产,实施,开动put…intoproduction将……投产,开始生产putoff推迟,延期;消除;推脱,脱下puton上演,穿上,戴上,增加,拨快(钟表)putone’sheartinto全神贯注,专心致志putout扑灭,伸出,拿出,制造,把...摆好;准备好,putthrough完成(电话用语)拨通,使穿过,使经历难受的事put...to(good)use=makegooduseof...(充分)利用putupwith忍受,容忍puzzlen.难题,(字、画)谜pyramidn.金字塔Qquaken.&v.震动,颤抖qualifyv.使合格,有资格,有条件成为qualificationn.资格bequalifiedfor有资格做qualityn.质量,性质;人的品质beofgoodquality质量好;品质好agood–qualitygraduate一个高素质的大学毕业生quantityn.量,数inlargequantities大批地alargequantityofbooksare=largequantitiesofbooksare大量的书alargequantityofmoneyis=largequantitiesofmoneyare大量的钱quarreln.吵架,怨言;v.吵架,争论,挑剔haveaquarrelwithsb.aboutsth=quarrelwithsb.aboutsth与某人争吵quartern.四分之一,一刻钟queenn.皇后,女王questionvt.询问n.问题outofquestion没问题54

39outofthequestion不可能questionnairen.设计问卷调查queuen.行列,长队jumpthequeue插队standinaqueue排队等候queueup排队quicka.快,敏捷的,急剧的ad.快地,敏捷地,急剧地quietn.安静,闲适,平静;a.安静的,静止的,宁静的:v.静止,使……减少quit(quit,quit)vt.&vi.从(某处)离开;离职vt.停止quitone’sjob辞去工作quitdoing停止做quitead.完全,十分quizn.测验,小型考试Rrabbitn.兔子racen.种族,民族v.(速度)竞赛,比赛n.赛跑,竞赛raciala.种族的radiationn.辐射radion.无线电,收音机on/overtheradio通过收音机ragn.破布,碎布;破旧衣服,(质量差的)报纸inrags穿破烂衣服railn.铁轨,栏杆,围栏byrail乘火车railwayn.铁路,铁道rainn.雨,雨水vi.下雨rainya.下雨的,多雨的rainbown.彩虹raincoatn.雨衣rainfalln.一场雨,降雨量raisevt.使升高;举起;饲养;提出;筹集randomadj.任意的;无计划的,(统计)随机的atrandom随机地rangen.一系列,变化幅度,范围,射程,距离,(山)脉rangfromAtoB=rangebetweenAandB在…范围内变化rankn.职衔,军衔peopleofallranks社会各阶层的人rankfirst排名第一rapida.快的,迅速的rarea.罕见的,稀有的;稀薄的(空气)ratn.老鼠;讨厌的人raten.比率v.评估,评价attherateof以……的速度/比率atanyrate不管怎样ratherad.相当,宁可(or)rather更确切地说ratherthanconj.而不是宁可……也不愿(与其……倒不如rather....than....是......而不是ration.比率,比例attheratioof…to…按…与…的比率rawa.生的,未煮过的,未加工的rawmaterials原料rayn.光辉,光线razorn.剃刀,刮面刀reachv.&n.到达,伸手(脚等)够到reachout(one’shand)forsth.伸手拿……beyondthereachof...无法达到(得到,理解)outofthereachof....无法拿到(联系上,抓到)withinthereachof能拿/得到;能到达reactvi.回应,反应reactivea.有反应的/回应的react/respond/replyto对……反应reactionn.反应;反作用reactionto...对…的反应read(read,read)v.读,朗读;上面写着,(仪表上)读数readone’smind看出某人的心思readbetweenthelines从字里行间看出readingn.阅读,朗读readings读物readya.准备好的为……做好准备be/getreadyforreala.真实的,确实的realityn.现实inreality=infact事实上becomeareality变成事实realise/realizevt.认识到,实现realizeone’sdream实现梦想realistica.现实的reallyad.真正地,到底,确实reasonvi.评理,劝说n.理由,原因thereasonfor....reasonablea.合乎情理的rebuild(rebuilt,rebuilt)vt.重建recallv.使想起,使回忆;召回recallsth/doingsth./that从句receiptn.收据receivev.收到,得到;接待,得到(某种反应)receiveagoodeducation受到良好的教育bewellreceived得到良好的反应receiveaguest接待客人receivern.电话听筒recenta.近来的,最近的receptionn.接待,receptionistn.接待员recipen.食谱;秘诀recitev.背诵recognise(美recognize)vt.认出recommendv.推荐recommendsb.sth.=recommendsth.tosb.向某人推荐recommenddoingsth./sbtodo/thatsb/sthshoulddo建议做recordn.记录,唱片;v.录制,记录keeparecordof记录……keeparecord保持记录recordholder记录保持者recordern.录音机recovervi.痊愈,恢复recoveryn.recreationn.娱乐recyclevt.回收,再循环recyclenaturalresources回收自然资源redn.红色a.红色的inthered亏空intheblack有盈余reducevt.减少,缩减bereducedto(doing)sth.沦落为做……refervi.谈到,提到,涉及,有关,参阅,指的是referto=makeareferenceto谈到,参考refertosb.as将某人称为refereen.裁判,推荐人referencen.参考in/withreferenceto...关于reflectv.反映reflecton/upon思考reflectionu.反应/光c.倒影/看法reformv&n.改革refreshv.恢复精神refrigeratorn.冰箱refusev.拒绝,不肯接受refusetodo拒绝做refusesth./sb.sth.54

40refusecollector垃圾清理工regardv.把……看作n.考虑,尊敬,方面regard…as+n/a.…把……看为……regarding=concerning=in/withregardto关于givemyregardsto.sb.向某人转达我的问好regardlessa.不顾regardlessofregionn.地区registern.登记簿,花名册,注册员v.登记,注册regretn.&vt.可惜,遗憾,痛惜,哀悼regretdoing=regrethavingdone后悔做了regrettosay/inform/tell遗憾地……muchtoone’sregret=toone’sgreatregret使人大为遗憾的是regulara.规则的,经常aregular/frequentcustomer常客aregularprogram固定节目regulationn.规则,规章obey/observe/keepthetrafficregulations遵守交通规则rejectv.拒绝(后接名词)relatevi.有关,涉及relateto=berelatedto=inrelationto和……有关relatewelltoothers和....合得来,理解relatesth.tosb..向.....叙述......relationn.关系,亲属withrelationto......关于relationshipn.关系relativen.亲属,亲戚a.相对的relaxv.(使)放松,轻松relaxationn.releasev.&n.释放,解开;发布/行(电影);免除,解除relevanta.相关的relevantto......与…相关reliablea.可信赖的,可依靠的reliablyad.reliefn安慰,安心;缓和减低;救济物资/金toone’sgreatrelief=muchtoone’srelief令某人安心的是relievev.缓解(痛苦,忧虑);救济relieve...from...religionn.宗教religiousa.宗教的reluctantadj.不情愿的relyv依赖,依靠,信任relyon/uponsb.todosth指望某人做……relyon/uponitthatremainvt.余下,留下vi.保持,仍是remainpoor仍然差remaintobedone有待于做remainstuck/seated一直被困,一直坐着remaininga.剩下的remainsn.残留物,遗体theremainingmoney=themoneyleft剩余的钱remarkn.陈述,话,议论remarkon/uponsth=makeremarkson/uponsth对…议论rememberv.记得,想起rememberdoing..../todo...记得做过/要做…remembermeto…请代我向……问好remindvt.提醒,使记起remindsbofsth提醒某人某事remindsb.todo/sb.that提醒某人做某事remotea.遥远的removevt.移动,拿走,脱掉(衣服等)remove…from…开除removeone’sdoubts消除疑虑rentn.&v.租金repairn.&vt.修理,修补makerepairs修理underrepair在修理beyondrepair没法修repeatvt.重说,重做replacevt.取代bereplacedwith/by被取代replyn.回答,答复reply/respondto回答reportn.&v.报道,报告giveareport作报告reportdoing报告说做了It’sreportedthat=sb/sthisreportedto据报道reportern.记者,新闻通讯员representvt.代表representas把…描绘成representativen.代表reputationn.名誉,名声liveuptoone’sreputation名副其实enjoy/haveareputationfor享有声誉republicn.共和国thePeople’sRepublicofChinarequestn.&vt.请求,要求的事物makearequestthatsb.(should)请求atsb’srequest=attherequestofsb.应某人的请求requestsb.to....要求某人做某事requirevt.需求,要求requiresbofsth.要求某人某事requiresb.todo=requirethatsb.(should)要求某人做require/need/wantdoing/tobedone需要被做requirementn.需要,要求,必要的条件meet/satisfytherequirements满足要求rescuevt.营救,援救cometoone’srescue援救某人arescueteam营救小组researchu/c.&v.研究,调查researchinto/onsth.对……的研究resemblev.相似AresemblesB=AissimilartoBA和B相似reservationn.保留makeareservationfordinner订餐reservev.预订,保留n.自然保护区;保留reserve=makereservationsfor=bookaroom预定房间anaturereserveformuludeer麋鹿自然保护区inreserve备用resignv.辞职resignoneselftodoing屈从于做……resign(fromsth)辞职resistv.抵抗,挡开,不受影响;(否定句中)禁不住要吃resistdoing抵制做can’tresistthetemptation抵住不止诱惑resistancen.抵抗,反抗,抵制力resourcen.资源naturalresources自然资源respectvt.&n.尊敬,尊重respectsb.=showrespecttosb.=haverespectforsb.尊敬某人outofrespectforsb.出于对某人的尊敬inrespectof/to......关于inthisrespect在这方面respondv回答,应答respondto对……做出回答/回应responsen.回答inresponseto....,回答,作为反应responsiblea.负责的54

41beresponsiblefor=take(on)responsibilityfor对……负责=bear/shoulderresponsibilityfor......responsibilityn责任,义务restn.休息,剩余的部分,其余的人(物)vi.休息,歇息Therestofthemoneyis其余的钱Therestofthebooksare其余的书take/havearest休息restaurantn.饭馆,饭店resultn.结果,效果asaresult结果resultin结果为,导致resultfrom是……结果,由于restorev.恢复,修复;放回原处restrictionn.限制restrictivea.限制性的retell(retold,retold)vt.重讲,重复,复述retirev.退休returnn.返回,归还,报答;v.返回,归还,回来inreturnfor作为……的回报returnsth.tosb.把……还给某人revealv.揭露revenuen.税收reviewvt.重新调查,回顾,复习n.复查,复习,评论revisevt.修订,复习revisionn.复习,温习;修订/改revolutionn.革命,变革rewardn.&v.奖赏,酬谢;使得到好报asareward=inreturn作为回报rewardinga.值得做的,有回报的rewind(rewound,rewound)v.重新卷绕;倒带rhymen&v韵律ricen.稻米,米饭richa.富裕的,有钱的berich/high/abundantin富含,……充足rid(rid,rid或ridded,ridded)v.从…除去ridsb./sp.ofsth.使……摆脱getridof=beridof摆脱掉riddlen.谜,谜语ride(rode,ridden)v.骑(马、自行车),乘车n.乘车旅行rideabike骑自行车rideinacar乘汽车ridiculousa.可笑的,荒唐的rightn.权利a.对,正确的,右,右边的ad.正确地,恰恰,完全地allright行了,好吧,(病)好了ontheright在右边rightnow/rightaway立即,马上rigida.坚硬的,坚决的ring(rang,rung)v.(钟、铃等)响,打电话n.电话,铃声n.环形物(如环、圈、戒指等)ringback再给…打电话ring(up)给…打电话ringoff挂断电话,停止讲话,住口ripea.成熟的,熟的,适宜的rise(rose,risen)vi&n.上升,上涨;起床/立asharprise急剧增长riskn.&v.冒险riskdoing=take/runtheriskofdoingsth.冒险做atrisk处在危险中attheriskof冒着……的危险rivern.江,河,水道,巨流roadn.路,道路roastv.烤(肉)robv.抢夺,抢劫robsb/sp.ofsth抢夺/抢劫某人的东西robotn.机器人rockn.岩石,大石头rocketn.火箭rolen.角色playanimportantrole/partin在……起重要作用playtherole/partofsb.扮演某人角色rollv.滚动,打滚n.面包圈,小圆面包,卷状物rollover(使)翻身,(使)反侧,(使)打滚roofn.屋顶,顶部(pl.roofs)roomn.房间,室,空间,地方makeroomfor给……让出/腾出地方rootn.根,根源,起源ropen.绳,索rosen.玫瑰花rotv.腐烂rotaway腐烂掉rougha.粗糙的,粗略的;汹涌的;艰辛的;粗略的roundad.转过来prep.环绕一周,围着a.圆的,球形的roundabouta.&n.迂回的;环岛inaroundaboutway以迂回的方式routen.路线routinen.&a.常规,惯例;日常的rown.排,行inarow成一行,连续地v.划船royala.王室的,忠诚的beroyalto忠诚于royaltyn.王室成员,忠诚rubbern.橡胶,合成橡胶rubbishn.垃圾,废物rudea.无理的,粗鲁的berudeto…对….无理rugbyn.橄榄球ruinvt.(使)毁坏,(使)毁灭n.(复)废墟,遗迹ruinone’shope/jouney使希望破灭/毁了旅行的兴致inruins处在废墟中fallintoruin已成废墟rulen.规则,规定makeitaruletodo=makeahabitofdoing习惯做…vt.统治,支配ruleoutthepossibilityof…排除……的可能性rulern.统治者,直尺run(ran,run)vi.n.&跑,奔跑;(车辆)行驶,(机器)运作(颜色)褪色vt.管理,开动runaway溜走,逃走,离家出走,私奔rurala.乡下的urbana.城市的(opp.)suburban郊区的rushvi.冲,奔跑rushsb.tosp.=sb.berushedto把某人赶紧送往Ssacreda.神圣的sacrificevt&n.牺牲makesacrificesfor为……做出牺牲atthesacrificeof以牺牲……sada.(使人)悲伤的sadnessn.悲哀,忧伤safea.安全的n.保险柜safelyad.safetyn.安全safeandsound安然无恙fastenthesafetybelt系上安全带sailn.航行v.航行,开航setsailfor起航去sailorn.水手,海员saken.(…的)缘故forthesakeofconvenience为方便起见54

42saladn.色拉(西餐中的一种凉拌菜)salaryn.薪金,薪水salen.卖,出售asalesdepartment销售部门forsale待售onsale在销售salesgirln.女售货员salesmann.(plsalesmen)男售货员saleswomann.(plsaleswomen)女售货员saltn.盐saltya.盐的,咸的,含盐的samen.同样的事a同样的,同一的allthesame=justthesame(虽然…)还是,依然,照样thesame…as…和……一样sandn.沙,沙子sandwichn.三明治(夹心面包片)satelliten.卫星satisfactionn.满意toone’ssatisfaction让…感到满意的是satisfyvt.满足,使满意besatisfiedwithsb./sth.对…感到满意satisfactorya.满意的farfromsatisfactory远远不令人满意saucen.调味汁sausagen.香肠savevt.救,挽救,节省saveone’slife救某人的命say(said,said)v.说,讲,背诵,念,比方说,假定sayingn.说,俗话,谚语Asthesayinggoes,…=Thereisasayingthatgoes…=Asayinggoesthat…常言道scalen.天平,尺度scanv.扫描,浏览scarn.疤,伤疤scarcea.稀有的scarcely…when….一…..就….scarev.恐吓scaresb.away/off把……吓走scarfn.围巾scenen.(戏剧、电影等的)一场,场景,布景onthescene/spot在现场ahappyscene一个快乐的场景sceneryn风景,景色(不可数)sceptical(AMskeptical)a.怀疑的beskepticalof/about…对……怀疑schedulen&V.预定,计划;时刻表aheadofschedule提前accordingtoschedule按日程表behindschedule落后于预定时间onschedule准时schemen.方案,计划scholarn.学者scholarshipn.奖学金schooln.学校,全体学生,学派afterschool放学后atschool在上学schoolbag书包schoolboy/girl男生/女生schoolmaten.同校同学sciencen.科学,自然科学scientifica.科学的scientistn.科学家scissorsn.剪刀apairofscissors一把剪刀scoldvt.责骂scoren.&v.得分,分数;进球scoresof许多fourscore(of)years80年threescoreyearsandten70年scoreagoal踢进一球scratchv.&n.抓,划startfromscratch白手起家screamn&v.尖叫screenn.幕,荧光屏sculpturen.雕塑,雕塑作品sean.海,海洋bysea乘船atsea在海上(all/completely)atsea(完全)不知所措sealn.盖章,印记searchn.&v.搜寻,搜查searchsb./sp.for…搜身(地)寻找…insearchof=inone’sresearchfor=seachfor寻找seasiden.海滨seasonn.季,季节inseason合时宜outofseason不合时宜;在淡季seatn&v.座位,座take/haveaseat=beseated=sitdown坐下secondn.秒ad.第二位的comesecond列第二besecondtonone=nexttonone首屈一指secondarya.第二的,次要的secretn.秘密,内情a.秘密的keepsth.(a)secret保守秘密insecret=secretly秘密地secretaryn.秘书,书记sectionn.部分;地段sectorn.部门,领域securea.安全的,没有危险的v.使……稳固securityn.安全see(saw,seen)vt.看见,看到,领会,拜会seeoff给某人送行seetoitthat确保……Seeingthat…鉴于…seedn.种子seek(sought,sought)v.寻找,探索,寻求seekfor寻找seemv.似乎,好像sb/sthseem+不定式=Itseemssb/sthThereseem(s)tobe=Itseemsthattherebeseizevt.抓住(时机等)seizesbbythearm抓住某人的胳膊seizeacity占领城市seldomad.很少,不常Heseldom,ifever,asksforhelp.即使有也很少,难得selectvt.选择,挑选,选拔*selectionn.选择selfn.自己,自我,自身selflessa.无私的selfisha.自私的selfishlyad.sell(sold,sold)v.卖,售sellout卖完;背叛信念,背弃原则sellsth.for…money=sth.fetchfor…money卖了…得…钱seminarn.研讨会send(sent,sent)v.打发,派遣,送,邮寄sendfor派人去叫/请/拿sendaway解雇,赶走,把……送往远处senddown把……向下发送,降低(价格,温度)sendoff发出,寄出,解雇,送别sendup散发,发射,使上升,向上传递seniora.年长的,资深的,高年级的beseniortosb.54

43n.上级,长辈,高年级生sensen&v.感觉,意识;意义makesense有意义;说得通makesenseof理解……asenseofbusiness经商意识commonsense常识Thereisnosense/pointindoingsth.做某事无意义sensitiveadj敏感的,神经过敏的besensitiveto对……敏感的sentencen.句子vt.判刑makesentenceswith用……造句sentencesbtodeath判处……死刑separatev.使分开,使分离a.单独的,分开的separateAfromB把A和B分开separaterooms各自的房间separationn.分开,分离seriesn.系列(单复数同形)aseriesofeventsis一系列的事件seriousa.严肃的,严重的,认真的takesth.seriously认真对待……Areyouserious?当真吗?servantn.仆人,佣人servevt.招待(顾客等),服务vi.服役servethepeopleheartandsoul全心全意为人民服务servetea上茶servedinner提供晚餐serveinthearmy在部队服役servicen.服务servicechargen.服务费,小费atsb’sservice随时为某人服务sessionn.会期,大学的学期set(set,set)n.装备,设备vt.设置(布景,背景);释放,安置;确定时间vi.太阳下山asetof一套,一副,一部setaside把…放一旁;省出,留出;暂时不考虑setoffvi.出发vt.燃放;引起setoutvi.出发vt.开始,着手(todo),布置,发表setup建立,设立,开办,引起(疾病等),创纪录besetin以……为背景setabout(doing)着手,开始setanexampletosb.给某人树立个榜样setback把(钟表)往回拨;阻止setdown放下,卸下,登记,记载setdownto归于,认为是由于setfireto(=set…onfire)放火烧毁setfree释放(某人)setatable/adate/standards安放桌子/设定日期/标准settingn.安装,安置;舞台背景settlevt.解决(问题);定居;使镇定settledown定居下来settlementn.新拓居地,(美)部落,村落severalpron.几个,数个a.若干severea.严重的n.severity严重性sew(sewed,sewn或sewed)vi.缝,缝制,缝补,缝纫sexn.性,性别sexuala.性的shabbya.蹩脚的shaden.阴凉处,树荫处intheshade在阴凉处shadown.影子,阴影shake(shook,shaken)v.(使)动摇,震动shakehandswithsb.=shakeone’shand=shakesb.bythehand和某人握手shall(should)v.aux.(表示将来)将要,会,……好吗shallowa.浅的,不深的,肤浅的shamen.遗憾的事,羞愧Whatashame!真遗憾sb.beashamedof感到羞耻的shamefulbehavior可耻的行为shapen.形状,外形v.使成型,制造,塑造beshapedlike形状像outofshape状态不佳;变形intheshapeof以…形式shapeone’slife塑造/决定某人的生活sharevt.分享,共同使用sharesth.withsb.与某人分享shareone’sjoysandsorrows与某人同甘共苦sharkn.鲨鱼sharpa.锋利的,尖的;急剧的;敏捷的ad.整点sharpenv.(使)变锐利,削尖shave(shaved,shaved或shaven)v.刮(脸,胡子)shavern.剃须刀shepron.她sheep(复sheep)n.(绵)羊,羊皮,驯服者sheetn.床单,一页shelf(复shelves)n.架子,搁板,格层,礁,sheltern.庇护所v.保护;躲避(风雨)find/take/seekshelterfromtherain避雨sheltersb.from=protectsb.from保护……免受shiftv.改变n.轮班;改变shine(shone,shone)v.发光,照耀,杰出,擦亮shipn.船,轮船vi.用船装运shirtn.男衬衫shockvt.使震惊shockinga.令人震惊的shoen.鞋shootn.嫩枝,苗,芽vt.(shot,shot)射击,射中,发射;拍摄;投球shootsth.击中…shootatsth.瞄准…射击shopvi.买东西n.商店,车间shopkeepern.店主,零售商人shoppingn.购物shoren.滨,岸offshore在离海岸不远处onshore在岸上shorta.短的,矮的beshortfor为……的缩写becalled…forshort简称beshortof缺少shortcomingn.缺点,短处shortlyad.立刻,不久shortlyafterwards之后不久shortlyafter…=soonafter…在…之后不久shortsn.短裤shotn.射击,开枪,开炮,射击声;子弹;注射;镜头haveashotat尝试/努力一下shouldv.mod.应当,应该,会v.aux.会,应该(shall的过去时态)shouldern.肩膀,(道路的)路肩shouldertoshoulder=sidebyside肩并肩shouldertheresponsibility/blameforsth承担责任/过失shoutn.&v.喊,高声呼喊shown.展示,展览(会),演出show(showed,showed或shown)v.给…看,出示,显示onshow展出,在上演(放映)showoff炫耀,卖弄showup到场,露面showern.阵雨;淋浴shrinkv.(shrank,shrunk)收缩;缩水;退缩54

44shut(shut,shut)v&n.关上,封闭,禁闭,shuttlen.梭;火车等shya.害羞的sicka..&n有病的,患病的,(想)呕吐homesick想家seasick晕船sicknessn.疾病siden.边,旁边,面,侧面bythesideof在……旁边/附近,和……对比sidebyside/shouldertoshoulder肩并肩takeone’sside=beonthesideofsb.支持某人sidewalkn.人行道sighvi.叹息,叹气letoutasigh发出一声叹息signv.签名,做手势n.符号,标记signupfor报名参加sightn.情景,风景,视力,瞥见atfirstsight看一眼就at(the)sightof一看见catchsightof看见losesightof看不见insight看得见outofsight看不见Outofsight,outofmind.眼不见,心不烦。sightseeingn.游览,观光gosightseeing去观光旅行signaln.信号,暗号signaturen.签名significancen.意义,重要性beofgreat~非常重要*significanta.重要的;显著的;有重要意义的silencen&v.安静,沉默insilence=silently寂静地silenta.无声的,无对话的silkn.(蚕)丝,丝织品sillya.傻的,愚蠢的silvern.银similara.相似的,像besimilarto与……相似*similarityn.相似similaritiesanddifferences相似点和不同点simplea.简单的;简易的*simplyad简单地simplifyv使简化/简易,使单纯simplifiedcharacters简写字sincead.从那时以来sincethenprep.从……以来conj.从……以来;既然=nowthatsincerelyad.真诚地Sincerelyyours=Yourssincerely谨启sing(sang,sung)v.唱,唱歌singlea.单一的,单个的asingleticket单程票Notasingleworddidhesay他一句话也没说sinkn.洗涤槽,污水槽sink(sank/sunk,sunk/sunken)vi.下沉,消沉sinkintoachair一屁股坐在椅子上asunkenship一艘沉船sirn.先生sistern.姐妹sit(sat,sat)vi.坐*siten.场所,位置situationn.形势,情况sizen.尺寸,大小skatevi.溜冰,滑冰skin.&vi.滑雪板,滑雪skilln.技能,技巧skillful(skilful)a.熟练的,精湛的,灵巧的skinn.皮,皮肤,兽皮skipv.跳跃skirtn.女裙skyn.天,天空skyscrapern.摩天楼slaven.奴隶slaveryn.奴隶制度slapv.拍打sleep(slept,slept)vi&n.睡觉gotosleep睡觉fallasleep睡着了sleepya.想睡的,困倦的,瞌睡的sleeven.衣服袖子;套管,套筒slicen片,薄片,切片;部分;份sliden&v.(slid,slid)滑动;滑行;滑落slighta.轻微的,细小的slima.苗条的;微小的slipn.溜,滑倒slowa.慢的,迟钝的v.减慢slowdownad.慢慢地,缓慢地smalla.小的,少的;微不足道的;年幼的smarta.整洁漂亮的;时髦的;伶俐的;smell(smelt,smelt/smelled,smelled)v.嗅,闻到,发气味n.气味smellgood闻起来香smellof有……的味道smilen.&v.微笑smogn.烟雾(=smoke+fog)smoken.烟v.冒烟,吸烟a.非吸烟的,无烟的smokefreesmokern.吸烟者;吸烟车厢smootha.光滑的,平坦的v.消除;使……顺利smoothawaydifficulties排除困难snaken.蛇v.蛇般爬行,蜿蜒行进snapv.猛地咬住;厉声地说;拍……的快照sneakern.鬼鬼祟祟的人,卑鄙者,运动鞋sneezev.打喷嚏sniffv.以鼻吸气;嗅;闻snown.雪vi.下雪snowya.下雪的,积雪的;雪白的,soad.如此,这么,非常,同样conj.因此,所以so…that如此……以至于sothat以便soapn.肥皂sobn&v.呜咽(声)/哭泣;啜泣;哭诉;soccern.〈美〉足球sociala.社会的,社交的socialismn.社会主义socialista.社会主义者societyn.社会;社团insociety在社会上thedramasociety剧社sockn.短袜socketn.孔,穴;插孔;插座sofan.(长)沙发softa.软的,柔和的softwaren(电脑)软件soiln.土壤,土地solara.太阳的,日光的solarenergy太阳能soldiern.士兵,战士solida&n结实的,固体的,固体solutionn.解决,解答,解决方法asolutiontotheproblem问题的解决方法*solvev.解决solve/settleaproblem解决问题somea&pron.一些,若干,有些,某一someMr.Green某个格林先生(对他不了解)somebody/someonepron.某人,有人,somehowadv以某种方法;不知为什么somethingpron.某事,某物;重要的人或事;大致,左右atsomethingafter10o’clock大致10点以后sometimesad.有时54

45sometime一段时间sometime(nextyear/lastnonth)某个时候somewhatad.稍微,有点,达到某种程度somewheread.在某处sonn.儿子;(男性的)子孙songn.歌唱,歌曲soonad.不久,很快,一会儿assoonas一……就soonerorlater迟早,早晚sorea.疼痛的;使人伤心的sorrown.悲伤,悲痛sortvt.把……分类,拣选n.种类,类别sortsthout分类;整理sortof=somewhat有几分;有点儿souln.灵魂,心灵,气魄;…的人;化身heartandsoul全心全意soundvi.听起来,发出声音n.声音soupn.汤soura.酸的*sourcen.来源southa./ad.南(方)的,向南的,从南来的n.南,南方,南风,南部southeastn.东南,东南方,东南部southwestn.西南,西南方,西南部southerna.南部的,南方的souvenirn.(旅游)纪念品,纪念物sow(sowed,sown/sowed)v.播(种),播种于spacen.空间inspace在太空ablankspace空白处spaceshipn.宇宙飞船byspaceship乘坐宇宙飞船spaden.铁锹,铲子sparev.匀出;花得起;拿得出a.空闲的,多余的,剩余的sparesb.timetodo给某人抽出时间做sparesbthetroubleofdoing省去某人做某事的麻烦sparenoeffort(s)todosth不遗余力做某事inone’ssparetime在某人的业余时间里speak(spoke,spoken)v.说,讲,谈话,发言speakwell/highlyof赞扬Speakingof…=Talkingof…说到……speakern.演讲人,演说家speciala.特别的,专门的n.专车;特刊ad.speciallyspecialistn.(医学)专家,专科医生,专家specifica.明确的,确切的;特有的,特定的speechn.演讲speedn.速度v.(使)加速ataspeedof以……的速度atfullspeed=withallspeed以全速spell(spelt/spelled,spelt/spelled)vt.拼写,拼成;招致意味着(通常指坏事)spelldisaster招致灾难spellingn.拼写spend(spent,spent)v.度过,花费(钱、时间等)spend…onsth/(in)doingsth花(时间、钱)在spinv&n.(spun,spun)使…旋转;杜撰/旋转,情绪低落spiritn.精神amanofspirit一个有志气的人thespiritofthemeeting会议的实质inlowspirits情绪低落inhighspirits情绪高涨spirituala.精神上的;心灵的;教会的,宗教的spitv.(spat;spat)吐痰;吐出Nospitting禁止吐痰splendida.灿烂的,辉煌的,(口语)极好的split(-split-split)v.(使)裂开;(使)破裂splitup劈开;分裂;分手spoilv.(spoilt或spoiled)损坏,糟蹋;宠坏,溺爱spokena.口头的,口语的spokesman/woman(plspokesmen/women)男/女发言人sponsorv.赞助,发起,主办n.发起人;赞助商asponsoredevent一个被赞助的活动asponsor一个赞助商spoonn.匙,调羹spoonfuln.一匙(的量)sportn.体育运动,锻炼,(复,英)运动会havesports进行体育活动asportscar一辆跑车spotn.斑点;场所,地点v.沾上污渍,弄脏;发现onthespot在现场,到场;立刻,马上sprayv&n.喷/浪花,飞沫spread(spread,spread)v.传播,推广,伸出;展开n.传布,伸展a.扩延的springn.春天,弹簧,跳跃,泉水v.(sprang,sprung)弹起,弹出,跳,裂开springup涌现spyn/v.间谍spyon暗中监视squaren.广场a.平方的,方形的,宽而结实的(体格,肩膀)squeezev&n.挤,榨,捏stablea.稳定的;安定的n.stability稳定stadiumn.(露天)体育场staffn.全体职员stagen.舞台,阶段(go)onthestage当演员appearonthestage登台stainv&n.(使)染色;褪色,变污/污点stairn.楼梯stalln.摊位,店铺stampn.邮票stand(stood,stood)v.站,起立,坐落,经受,持久n.站立,停顿,楼台,货摊stand=bear=tolerate=putupwith忍受standardn.&a.标准(的)improvethelivingstandard提高生活水平standardEnglish标准的英语setstandardsfor制定标准starn.星,恒星a.starry布满星星的;明亮的starevi.&n盯,凝视stareat注视,凝视glareat瞪眼,怒目而视startv.开始,着手,出发startdoing/todosth开始做starvev.使饿死,饿得要死starvetodeath=dieofstarvation=dieofhunger=diefromlackoffood饿死starvationn.饥饿,饿死staten.状态,情形;国家,(美国的)州v.陈述;规定theUnitedStates美国inabad/goodstateof…..状态不好/好statementn陈述,声名make/issueastatement=state陈述,申明stationn.站,所,车站,电台v.驻扎bestationed…=stationoneself…驻扎在statisticsn.一项统计数据,统计资料;统计学(用单数)Statisticsshowthat….数据表明statuen.雕像,塑像54

46statusn地位,身份;信誉,名望improvethestatusofworkers提高工人的地位stayn.&vi.停留,逗留,呆stayfresh/slim保持新鲜/苗条stayup=situp熬夜steadya.稳的,稳定的,坚定的steadyjobs/prices稳定的工作/价格steadyprogress稳定的增长steakn.牛排,肉排,鱼排steal(stole,stolen)vt.偷,窃取stealsthfromsb偷robsb./sp.ofsth.抢劫….cheatsth(outof)sb.骗某人的东西steamn.汽,水蒸气steeln.钢,钢铁steepa.险峻的,陡峭的stepn.脚步,台阶,梯级vi.走,跨步stepbystep=gradually一步一步地stepinto…走进stick(stuck,stuck)vi.粘住,钉住,坚持n.木棒(棍),枝条stickto(one’spromise/post)坚持stickinthemud=bestuckinthemud陷入泥中stickitout拼到底,忍受住stickout伸出stilla.不动的,平静的ad.仍然,还standstill站着一动不动stockn.存货;股票stock-market股票市场bestockedwith存有…stockingn.长袜stomachn.胃,胃部pl.stomachslieonone’sstomach/face趴着stonen.石头,石料stopn.停,(停车)站v.停,停止,阻止stopdoingsth停止做某事stopsbfromdoingsth阻止某人做某事stoptodosth停下(正在做的事)去做某事storagen.贮存,贮藏;储藏处,仓库storen.商店vt.储藏,存储instoreforsb.准备给某人instorage被储存stormn.风暴,暴(风)雨a.stormy暴风雨的storyn.故事,小说;对往事的叙述tomake/cutalongstoryshort长话短说stoven.煤炉,电炉,火炉straighta.一直的,直的ad.一直地,直地gostraight径直走astraightline一条直线straightforwarda.(人或其态度)正直的,坦率的;老实的;简单的;易懂的ad.(人或其态度)正直/坦率地;老实;简单;易懂straitn.海峡;境况窘迫infinancialstraits日子拮据strangea.奇怪的,奇特的,陌生的ad.strangelyStrangelyenough说也奇怪strangern.陌生人,外人strawn稻草,麦秆strawberryn.草莓streamn.小河,溪流streetn.街,街道strengthn.力量,力气;优势,长处;强度,力度strengthenvt.加强,增强build(up)one’sstrength增强体质strengthsandweaknesses强项和弱项suckthestrengthoutofsth从……中吸取实力strengthenourtieswiththem加强和他们的关系stressn&v.压力,紧张,强调,重要性/重读,强调getridofstress消除紧张feelstressed感到紧张stretchv.伸展;拉紧,延伸stricta.严格的,严密的bestrictwith=behardon=besevereon/withsb.对某人要求严格bestrictinsth.对某事要求严格strikevt(struck,struck或stricken)(钟)鸣;敲打;擦火柴;侵袭;被…打动;突然想起a(n)thought/ideastrucksb.突然有个想法/主意Strikewhiletheironishot趁热打铁strikethebalancebetween….找到折衷的办法n.罢工beonstrike在罢工goonstrike举行罢工stringn.线,细绳,(乐器上的)弦,一串,一行stronga.强(壮)的,坚固的,强烈的,坚强的*structuren.结构,构造strugglevi.&n.斗争;挣扎,费力做struggleforsuccess=struggletosucceed努力争取成功struggletoone’sfeet挣扎着站起来stubborna.顽固的,固执的,难以去除、医治等studentn.学生studion.工作室,演播室studyv.学习,研究n.书房makeastudyof=doresearchon/into=study研究*stuffn.原料,素材stupida.愚蠢的,笨的stylen风格,格调;文体;行为方式,种类;流行式样;款式,风度;格调;气派instyle流行的outofstyle过时的subjectn.题目,主题,学科,主语,主体subjectivea.(思想、感情等)主观的,主观的(以个人好恶、观点等为依据)*submission.n.屈服,服从submitv.屈服,认输;提交,呈递submitto…屈从于;服从submitsthto…把……提交给……subscribev.捐助;订购,订阅;同意subscribeto(amagazine)订阅杂志subscribetoone’sidea/view同意某人的观点substancen.物质substitutev.替代n.代替人,代用品substituteAforB=substituteBwith/byA用A替换Bsucceedvi.成功succeedindoing成功地做了…successn.成功successfula.成功的,有成就的besuccessfulin在…成功suchad.那么pron.(泛指)人,事物a.这样的,那样的onesuchperson=suchaperson这样的一个人nosuchperson没有这样的人assuch正因如此;就其本身来说suckv.舐,吸;吮suddena.突然的allofasudden=suddenly突然sufferv.受苦,遭受sufferfrom…患……病sufferseriousdamage遭受严重损坏sufferingn.各种苦恼;折磨;身体或心灵的痛苦,relieve/reduce/easesuffering减轻痛苦*sufficienta.充分的,足够的54

47sugarn.糖suggestvt.建议,提议;表明,暗示suggestdoing/suggestsb(’s)doing=suggestthatsb(should)do建议做……Thesmileonhisfacesuggestedthathewashappy.表明suggestionn.建议suitvt.适合n.一套(衣服)asuitofclothes一套衣服besuitedtosth=besuitablefor=suit适合于DoesSundaysuityou?(颜色、款式、场合、时间等)suitablea.合适的,适宜的suitcasen.(旅行用)小提箱,衣箱suiten.一套房间;一套家具;(一批)随员,随从*sumn&v.合计,总计alargesumofmoney一大笔钱tosumup简而言之summaryn.摘要,概要makeasummaryofsth=summarize归纳summern.夏天,夏季sunn.太阳,阳光sunlightn.日光,阳光inthestrongsunlight在强烈的阳光下sunnya.晴朗的,阳光充足的sunshinen.阳光supera.超级的supermarketn.超级市场superiora&n.(级别、地位)较高的;(品质、程度)优良的;上等的;有优越感的,高傲的/上级,长官besuperiorto…比……优越suppern.晚餐,晚饭havesuppersupplyvt.&n.供给,供应supplies(of)…供应;补给supplysb.withsth./supplysth.to/forsb.给某人提供….supportvt.&n.支持,赞助insupportof为了支持supportone’sfamily养家糊口supposevt.猜想,假定,料想Suppose=Supposing(that)假设besupposedtodo应当,理应issupposedtohavedone=wassupposedtodo本应当做supremea.最高的,最大的surea.确信,肯定ad.(口语)的确,一定,当然besuretodo务必要besureof/about对……有把握makesure(ofsth)makesure(that)宾语从句确保surfacen.表面onthesurface表面上surgeonn.外科医生surgeryn.外科手术surprisevt.使惊奇,使诧异n.惊奇,诧异asurprisevisit突然造访toone’ssurprise使某人惊讶的是insurprise惊讶地surprisingly出乎预料地surroundvt.围绕,包围besurroundedby/with由……包围surroundinga.周围的n.surroundings环境surroundingscenery四周的风景inhardsurroundings在艰苦的环境中surveyn.民意调查;测量;勘察;回顾survivaln.幸存,生存;残存的人[物];遗物;遗风survivalskills生存技巧survivev.幸存,活下来survivetheaccident从事故中幸存suspectv.怀疑;推测n.犯罪嫌疑人suspectsbofdoingsth怀疑某人做了suspectsb.tobe猜想某人是*sustainablea.可持续的~development可持续发展swallowvt.吞下,咽下n.燕子swapv/n.交换swapsth.forsth.交换东西swear(swore,sworn)v.诅咒;咒骂;(使某人)就……宣誓;非正〉断言,明确地表示sweatn.汗,汗水sweatern.厚运动衫,毛衣sweep(swept,swept)n.扫除,席卷,范围v.扫除,用手指弹,掠过sweeta.甜的,可爱的,悦耳的n.糖果,甜点haveasweettooth喜欢吃甜食swell(swelled,swollen)v.肿胀,膨胀,增强/多,扩大swellup肿胀swifta.迅速的,敏捷的swimn.游泳,游vi.(swam,swum)游泳,游haveaswim游泳swimmingpooln.游泳池swing(swung,swung)v.(使)摇摆,摇荡;使)旋转n.摇摆,秋千switchv&n.转变,改变;开关symboln象征~ofsth.…的象征~forsth.…的符号sympathyn.同情(心),同情;(感情上的)支持havesympathyfor对…同情symphonyn交响乐,交响曲symptomn.症状,征兆systemn.体系,系统systematica有系统的;有规则的Ttablen.桌子,表格tabletennisn.乒乓球playtabletennis打乒乓球tabletn.药片tailn.(动物的)尾巴tailorn.裁缝take(took,taken)vt.拿,拿走,做,服用,乘坐,花费take…apart拆卸takeaway拿走,减去;夺去takedown取下,记下,占领,拆毁,病倒takeoffvt.脱去,除去;vi.起飞,起程,成功,成名takeout拿出,取出,去除,取得(专利权)takefood/medicine吃食物/吃药takeone’splace就位,代替某人=taketheplaceoftakeaim瞄准,设立目标takeback收回,取消takesp./sb.bysurprise出奇制胜,突袭/使某人惊讶take…as…把……当作takechargeof负责,主管takeeffect生效,起作用take…forexample以……为例take…forgranted认为……理所当然,想当然takein吸收,接纳,欺骗,轻信,领会take…intoaccount/consideration考虑,重视takeit/thingseasy别紧张,从容takemeasures/steps采取措施takeoffice就职,上任takeon呈现,雇佣,承担,担任takeone’stemperature量体温54

48takeone’stime(todo)慢慢做takeone’sadvice听从某人建议takeover接管,接任,接收takeplace发生,举行takepossessionof占有,拥有taketheshapeof呈/取……的形状takepridein以……为荣,对……感到骄傲taketurns(todo)轮流做talen.故事,传说talentn.天资,才能,人才haveatelentfordrawing有绘画天才talkn.&v.谈话,讲话,演讲,交谈haveatalk谈话talkabout谈论有关……talking/speakingof谈到….talksbintodoing=agrue/persuadesbintodoing说服某人做某事talla.高的tankn.油[水]箱,罐,槽,坦克tapn.(自来水、煤气等的)龙头vt.轻拍tapen.磁带,录音带targetn.(射击的)靶子,(欲达到的)目[指]标,(服务的)对象;(攻击的)对象hit/missatarget击中/错过靶子atargetaudience目标受众taskn.任务,工作tasten.品尝,尝味,味道vt.品尝,尝味tosb’staste合乎某人的口味haveatastefor喜好…tastya.味道好的taxn.税,税款paytaxes纳税collecttaxes征税taxin.出租汽车taxpayern.纳税人;纳税的机构tean.茶,茶叶teach(taught,taught)v.教书,教teachern.教师,教员teamn.队,组teamworkn.合作,协同工作teapotn.茶壶tearn.眼泪v.(tore,torn)扯破,撕开bemoved/touched/affectedtotears被感动地流泪intears流着泪betornintopieces被撕碎tear…inhalf/two撕成两半teardown=pull/takedown拆除tearoneselfawayfrom…使某人自己勉强离开……teasevt./n.取笑,戏弄teasesb.technicala.技术的,工艺的techniquen.技术,技巧,方法technologyn.技术scienceandtechnology(is)科技teenagern.(13~19岁的)青少年,十几岁的少年telephonev.打电话n.电话Youarewantedonthetelephone有你的电话。telescopen.望远镜television/TVn.电视机tell(told,told)vt.告诉,讲述,吩咐;辨别/识别Ican’ttelllwhichbagishers.Canyoutell?temperaturen.温度takeone’stemperature量体温temporarya.临时的,暂时的,短时间的(opp.)permanenttendv.照料,伺候;易于;倾向tendtodosth=haveatendencytodo趋向做某事tendencyn.倾向,趋势haveatendencytodo….趋向于做某事tennisn.网球(运动)tensea.紧张的tensionn.紧张;张力tentn.帐篷termn.学期,术语,条款,项intermsof在…方面inthelongterm=inthelongrun从长远来看terminala.最终的,期末的n.(火车,汽车,飞机的).终点站计算器终端terriblea.可怕的,糟糕的ad.terriblyterrifyvt.使人感到恐怖beterrified/frightened/scaredof害怕…terrify/frighten/scaresbintodoingsth恐吓某人做…*territoryn.领土terrorn.恐怖;恐怖活动;引起恐怖的人[事]interror惊恐地testvt.&n.测试,考查,试验haveatest进行测试/测验textn.文本,课文textbookn.课本,教科书thanconj.比thankvt.感谢,致谢,道谢n.(复)感谢,谢意thanksbfordoing=bethankfultosbfor=begratefultosb.forsth因…感激某人Icannotthankyouenough/toomuch.非常感激你。thankfula.感谢的,感激的thata.&pron.那,那个ad.那么,那样conj.那,那个(引导宾语从句等)theart.这(那)个,这(那)些(用于特定人或物,序数词,最高级,专有名词,世上独一无二事物前)theatre/theatern.剧场,戏院gotothetheatre去看戏theftn.偷窃,行窃theirpron.他(或她、它)们的theirspron.他(或她、它)们的(名词性物主代词)thempron.他/她/它们(宾格)themen.主题themselvespron.他/她/它们自己thenad.当时,那时,然后,那么(通常用于句首或句尾)theoreticala.理论的theoryn.理论thereint.那!你瞧(表示引起注意)n.那里,那儿ad.在那里,往那里,(作引导词therebe)表“存在”thereforead.因此,所以thesea.&pron.这些theypron.他(她)们,它们,人们thicka.厚的thief(pl.thieves)n.窃贼,小偷thina.薄的,瘦的,稀的thingn.东西,(复)物品,用品,事情,事件think(thought,thought)v.想,认为,考虑thinkabout考虑thinkof想,想着,想做thinkaloud自言自语thinkhighly/well/much/alotof对……评价很高thinklittle/ill/nothingof轻视,看不起thinkof…as…把……看作thinkover仔细考虑thinkthrough想通thinktooneself沉思,暗自想thirstn.渴,口渴haveathirstfor=bethirstyfor渴望54

49thisa.&pron.这,这个thorougha.彻底的ad.thoroughly=completelyhaveathoroughunderstandingof彻底了解thoughconj.虽然,可是ad.然而(放于句末补充说明)thoughtn.思考,思想,念头atthethoughtof一想到belost/deepinthought沉思onsecondthought(s)重新考虑后givesththought=givethoughttosth.考虑threadn.线threatn.威胁,恐吓;可能造成威胁的人、事、想法;恶兆,兆头beathreattosth=bedangerous/harmfulto对..threatenvt.&vi.恐吓,威胁threatentodo威胁要做thrilln兴奋,紧张/v.使(某人)感到兴奋或激动bethrilledby/at因…兴奋不已athrillofjoy一阵欢乐thrillern.情节扣人心弦的小说、戏曲或电影throatn.喉咙clearone’sthroat清嗓子haveasorethroat嗓子疼throughprep.穿(通)过,从始至终ad.穿(通)过,自始至终,全部throughoutprep.遍及,贯穿throughouttheworld/night全世界/整夜throw(threw,thrown)v.投,掷,扔thumbn.拇指v.翻阅beallthumbs笨手笨脚;笨拙;手指不灵活thumbthroughabook翻阅一本书thundern.&v.雷声,打雷thusad.这样,因而tickv.&n.作记号,(钟表等的)滴答声ticketn.票,卷tidya.整洁的,干净的vt.弄整洁,弄干净tievt.(用绳,线)系,拴,扎n.领带,绳子,结,关系tie…to把…栓上tieup绑起来tigern.老虎tighta.紧的;亲密的,紧密的tillconj.&prep.直到,直到……为止timen.时间,时期,钟点,次vt.测定…的时间,记录…的时间allthetime一直,始终,不停地,不间断地,时常atonetime曾经;同时atthesametime在同时atatime一次aheadoftime提前fromtimetotime不时地=attimeshaveagoodtime玩得开心/高兴intime及时;最后,迟早ontime准时overtime随着时间的推移innotime立刻timetablen.(火车、公共汽车等)时间表,(学校)课表tinn.(英)罐头,听头tinya.极小的,微小的tipn.&v.顶端,尖端;告诫,提示(给)小费onthetipofone’stongue话到嘴边说不出givesbatipon给某人建议givesbatip给某人小费tirevt.使疲劳;使厌倦tireda.疲劳的,累的betiredof对…厌倦betiredout筋疲力尽betiredfrom/with因…疲劳tiresomea.令人厌倦的tissuen.(动植物的)组织;纸巾titlen.标题,题目toprep.(动词不定式符号,无词义),(表示接受动作的人或物)给,对,向,到,在……之前toastv.&n祝酒,敬酒tobaccon.烟草,烟叶todayad.&n.今天,现在,当前togetherad.一起,共同gettogether聚会togetherwith与…一起toiletn.厕所toleratev.容忍,忍受toleratedoing容忍做…tomaton.西红柿,番茄tomorrowad.&n.明天tonn.(重量单位)吨*tonen.声音,音调tonguen.舌,舌头tonightad.&n.今晚,今夜tooad.也,还,又,太,过分,很,非常too…to太……而不能(否定)但:be(only)tooanxious/eager/willing/ready/glad…todo非常渴望/乐意/高心做….(肯定)tooln.工具,器具tooth(pl.teeth)n.牙齿toothachen.牙痛topn.顶部,(物体的)上面ontopof在……顶部;除了….还有onthetopoftheworld非常幸福topicn.题目,话题totala.总数的,总括的,完全的,全然的n.合计,总计v.合计为intotalsilence处在完全的沉默中intotal总共=inalltouchvt.触摸,接触keepintouchwithsb.与……保持联系/不断接触getintouchwith与……取得联系losetouchwith/outoftouchwith与…失去联系tougha.坚硬的,结实的;棘手的,难解的tourn.参观,观光,旅行goonatourof游览ontour巡回演出tourismn.旅游业,观光touristn.旅行者,观光者toward(s)prep.向,朝,对于toweln.毛巾towern.塔towerover高出theLeaningTower斜塔townn.城镇,城intown在城里gototown去城里toyn.玩具,玩物trackn.轨道,田径keeptrackof记录/跟踪/保持对…的联系tractorn.拖拉机traden.贸易vt.用……进行交换tradein做…生意tradefor用…交换…...traditionn.传统traditionala.传统的54

50trafficn.交通,来往车辆trafficlightsn.交通指挥灯,红绿灯trailn.痕迹,足迹,踪迹trainn.火车v.培训,训练trainingn.培训*transferv./n.转移,转让transformv.改变translatevt.翻译transparenta.透明的transportn.&vt.运输*transportationn.运送,运输,流放trapn.陷阱vt.使陷入困境betrapped/stuck/caughtin困在…trapsbintodoing陷害/诱骗某人setatrap设陷阱traveln.&vi.旅行travellern.旅行者treasuren.金银财宝,财富treasure/valuefriendship珍惜友谊treatvt.对待,看待;治疗;招待;处理n.请客treatsbas把某人当作treatsbforsth治疗某人curesb.ofsth.治愈treatsbtosth请某人吃Thisismytreat我请客。treatmentn.治疗,疗法beundertreatment在治疗中tremblev.颤抖speakinatremblingvoice用发抖的声音说*tremendousa.极大的,巨大的trendn.趋势,倾向;流行*trialn.审判,试验,试用trianglen.&a.三角形,三角形的trickn.诡计,把戏tripn.旅行,旅程troopvi.成群结队地走troublevt.使苦恼,使忧虑,使麻烦n.问题,疾病,烦恼,麻烦introuble处于麻烦中/在困境中taketroubletodo不辞辛劳做havetrouble/difficulty(in)doing做某事有困难getintotrouble陷入困境askfor~自找麻烦troublesomea.令人烦恼的,讨厌的trousersn.裤子,长裤truckn.卡车,运货车,车皮v.装车,用……运货truea.真的,真实的,忠诚的trulyad.真正地,真实地cometrue(希望等)实现,达到adreamcometrue一个已实现的梦想betrueof对…适用;符合于trunkn.树干,大箱子trustvt.相信,信任,信赖trustsb=havetrustin=believein信任某人truthn.真理,事实,真相,实际情况tryv.试,试图,努力tryon试穿tryone’sbest尽力trydoing试着做trytodo尽力做tryeverymeans用各种办法tryfor企图获得,争取,谋求tryout试验,提炼,参加选拔赛T-shirtn.T恤,短袖汗衫tuben.管,软管;〈英〉地铁tunen.曲调,曲子tunneln.隧道,地道;(动物栖息的)穴turkeyn.火鸡;火鸡肉turnv.旋转,翻转,转变,转弯n.轮流,(轮流)顺序turninto变成,变为turnoff关上,解雇,避开(问题)turnon打开;反对;依靠,依赖,取决于turnover翻过来;查阅;移交,转交,交付turnoverto转变,转换,移作它用turntosth./doingsth.转向;变成;求助于;翻书到;着手于turntosb.forhelp求助于某人turnaway把…打发走,解雇,使转变方向;不录取inone’sturn轮到某人做某事outofturn不按次序的,不合适宜的turnagainst背叛,采取敌对态度turnback折回,往回走turndown折叠,翻下,驳回,拒绝考虑turnout(tobe)n./a.原来是,证明是,结果是turnupsidedown颠倒过来,翻过来inturn依次;转而byturns/taketurns轮流turningn.拐弯处,拐角处tutorn.导师;家庭教师,私人教师TV=televisionn.电视机twicead.两次,两倍twinn.双胞胎之一twistv.&n.扭,缠绕;歪曲;曲解;旋转,扭转typevt.打字typewritern.打字机typhoonn.台风typicaladj.典型的,有代表性的;特有的,独特的Itistypicalofsbtodo做某事是某人的典型特点typistn.打字员tyre/tiren.轮胎Uuglya.丑陋的,难看的umbrellan.雨伞anumbrellaaEuropeancountryauniquewayunablea.不能的,不能胜任的beunabletodo不能做unbearablea.难以忍受的;不能忍受的;经受不住的unbelievablea.不可相信的;站不住脚的uncertaina.不确定的;不确信的beuncertainabout…对……不确定unclen.叔,伯,舅,姑夫,姨父uncomfortablea.不舒服的;令人不舒服的;不舒适的;不安的;不自在的unconsciousadj.失去知觉的;不知道的,未察觉的underad.&prep.在……下面,向……下面undergovt.经受;忍受undergoachange/transformation经历变化/转变undergoanoperation接受治疗/手术undergotests接受检查undergrounda.地下的n.地铁ontheunderground乘地铁underlinevt.在……下面画线;加强,强调anunderlinedsentence一个划线的句子underneathprep在(某物的)底下/ad在底下,在下面understand(understood,understood)v.懂得,明白,理解undertake(undertook,undertaken)vt.担任,承揽;54

51保证;着手,开始undertake/beartheresponsibility承担责任undertaketodo保证做undertakeatask着手进行underwearn.(总称)衬衣,内衣undov.解开,松开unemploymentn.失业,失业状态unfaira.不公平的,不公正的unfita.不合宜的,不相宜的unfortunatea.不幸的uniformn.制服amaninuniform穿制服的人aschooluniform校服unionn.联合,联盟,工会theStudents’Union学生会theTradeUnion工会uniqueadj.独一无二的,仅有的,惟一的;异常的,特有的,少见的unitn.单元,单位unitev.联合,团结universaladj.全体的;广泛的,普遍的;世界性的universen.宇宙universityn.大学gotouniversity/college上大学ProfessorWangfromBeijingUniversity北大的王教授unlessconj.如果不,除非unlikeprep.(表示属性)与……不像,与……不同;adj.不同的,相异的,不相似的unrestn.不安,骚动untilprep.&conj.直到……为止not…until直到……才unusuala.不平常的,异常的unwillingadj.不愿意的,不情愿的upad.向上,在上方,起来,在……以上a.上面的,向上的,上行的n.上升,上坡,上行,繁荣prep.向(高处),向(在)……上(面)游upanddown上下,来回updatevt.更新;使现代化;n.提供最新信息;更新uponprep.在…上面;当(发生)...时upondoing/one’s+名词短语一做…时uppera.较高的,较上的theupperclass上层阶级upseta.心烦的,苦恼的vt.使…心烦,打乱(计划)beupsetby/about对…感到心烦upsetthevase打翻花瓶upstairsad.在楼上,到楼上goupstairs/downstairs上楼/下楼upward(s)ad.向上,往上urbanadj.城市的urgevt.力劝;敦促;n.强烈的愿望urgesbtodo=urgesb(should)do催促某人做urgentadj.急迫的,紧要的;催促的usen.&vt.利用,使用,应用makeuseof利用makefulluseof=makethemostof=makethebestof充分利用It’s/Thereisnouse(in)doing做….是没用的useda.用过的,旧的,二手的beusedtodoing习惯于做beusedtodo/fordoing被用来做usedto过去常常(与现在相比)usefula.有用的,有益的uselessa.无用的,usern.使用者,用户usuala.通常的,平常的asusual通常,平常地Vvacantadj.未被占用的,空的;(指职位)空缺的vacationn.假期,休假onvacation在度假vaguea.含糊的,不明确的vainn.自负的,自视过高的,徒劳的,无效的(try)invain徒劳,无效,白费valida.(法律上)认可的,有根据的,合理的haveavalidpoint合理的观点valleyn.山谷,溪谷valuablea.值钱的,贵重的valuen.价值,益处varietyn.种种,种类variousa.各种各样的,不同的varietiesof=avarietyof=various+名词varyv.(使)变化,改变Opinionson…varyfrompersontoperson对…意见不一。vasen.装饰瓶;花瓶vasta.巨大的,广阔的VCD=versatilecompactdiskn.影碟光盘vegetablen.蔬菜vehiclen.交通工具,车辆;传播媒介,手段versionn.(个人对事件的)描述,看法;版本,形式verticaladj.垂直的,竖的vestn.〈英〉女式背心;〈美〉马甲,背心viaprep.通过(某人),凭借(某种手段);经由,经过vicen.不道德行为,邪恶,恶行a.副的;代理的victimn.牺牲者,受害者,受灾者victoryn.胜利have/get/gain/winvictory(oversb.)获得胜利videon.录像,录像带viewn.看法,见解,风景,景色v.看;看待view…as把…看作fromone’spointofview=inone’sview在某人看来getagoodview获得好的视野comeintoview映入眼帘viewern.观看者villagen.村庄,乡村villagern.村民vinegarn.醋violatev.违反violatethelaw违反法律violencen.暴力行为violenta.暴力的violinn.小提琴playtheviolin拉小提琴playvolleyball打排球violinistn.小提琴家virtuen.美德,正直的品行,德行virusn病毒visan.签证,背签visionn.视力;美景;眼力;幻象,憧憬vt.想象;显现;梦见visitn.&vt.参观,访问,拜访make/payavisitto=visit访问onavisitto在访问…中visitorn.访问者,参观者visuala.视力的,视觉的,可以看得见的vitala.充满生机的;必不可少的bevitaltosb对某人及其重要avitalwound致命伤It’svitalthatsb.(should)do做…极其重要vivida.鲜艳的;生动的54

52giveavividdescriptionof给一个生动的描述vocabularyn.词汇,词汇表enlargevocabulary扩大词汇量voicen.说话声;语态;意见vt.发表意见raise/lower(=drop)one’svoice提高/放低嗓门atthetopofone’svoice高声喊voice=expressone’sopinion表达意见volcanon.火山(pl.)volcanoes/volcanosvolleyballn.排球voluntaryadj.自愿的,志愿的dovoluntarywork做志愿工作volunteervt.&vi.自动提供,自愿效劳volunteertodo志愿做votevi.选举,投票votefor/against投票赞成/反对havetherighttovote有选举权voyagen.航行,尤指航海,航行Wwagvt.&vi.(使)摇动,摇摆wagen.工资,工钱,报酬waistn.腰,腰部,腰围waitvi.等,等候waitfor等待……waitforsbtodo等某人做waitonsb伺候某人waitone’sturn等轮到自己waitern.(餐厅)男服务员waitingroomn.候诊室,候车室waitressn.女服务员wake(woke,woken)v.醒,醒来,叫醒walkn.&v.步行,散步have/takeawalk散步walkadog遛狗walkapatient扶着病人walletn.钱夹,皮夹walnutn.胡桃,核桃wandervi.漫游,游荡,漫步,流浪wantvt.想,想要;需要,必要warn.战争atwar在打仗wardn.病房,病区warehousen.仓库,货栈warma.暖和的,温暖的;热情的warm-hearteda.热心的warmthn.温暖;热情,热烈warnvt.警告,预先通知warnsbnottodo/against告诫某人不要做warnsbof/against警告某人washn.洗(涤);冲洗;洗剂;泼溅;洗的衣服v.洗(涤);冲洗;流过;弄湿washroomn.盥洗室,〈美〉厕所wasten.&vt.浪费It’sawasteoftimetodo做某事是浪费时间wastetime(in)doingsth/onsth浪费时间做watchvt.观看,注视;当心,注意n.手表,表watch/mindone’sstep走路当心watch/lookoutfor注意watern.水v.浇水watermelonn.西瓜waven.(热、光、声等的)波,波浪v.挥手,挥动,波动wavesb.goodbye向某人挥手道别wayn.路,路线;方式,手段bytheway顺便说bywayof经由onone’sway在路上,即将到达inaway在某种程度上intheway挡道,碍事onthe/one’sway在途中onthewaytodoing将要makewayfor=givewayto让路给underway进行中wepron.我们weaka.差的,弱的,淡的weaknessn.软弱wealthn.财产,财富wealthyadj.富的weaponn.武器wear(wore,worn)v.穿,戴wearlonghair留长发wearasmile面带微笑bewornout穿旧;筋疲力尽=sb.betiredout=sth.giveoutweathern.天气webn.蜘蛛网,网页websiten.网址weddingn.婚礼,结婚weedn.杂草weekn.星期,周weekendn.周末at/onweekends在周末weekdayn.工作日onweekdays平日weeklyadj.一周一次的[地],每周的[地]n.周刊;周报weepvt.&vi.哭泣;vi.(伤口)流血;渗出水汽weighvt.称……的重量vi.重(若干)weightheadvantagesanddisadvantages权衡利弊astoneweighing2tons重达2吨的石头weightn.重,重量gain/putonweight增加体重lose/reduceweight减肥weirda.怪诞的;神秘而可怕的;超然的welcomeint.欢迎n.&v.a.受欢迎的welfaren.(政府给予的)福利;平安,安宁,幸福well(比较级better最高级best)n.井ad.好,令人满意地,完全地a.好的,健康的wellbeinga.健康安乐int.表示惊讶、同意或犹豫等,亦用于接话语;好吧,那么,哎呀aswell也,同样aswellas跟……一样好地,和……除之外(还)与……一样都bewelloff经济宽裕bebadlyoff贫穷dowellin在…做的好wellpast60yearsold 远远过了60岁westa.(在)西的;向西的;从西来的ad.在西方;向西方westerna.西方的,西部的westwards(s)ad.向西,朝西weta.湿的,潮的,多雨的whalen.鲸whateverconj.&pron.无论什么,不管什么Whatevertheprice/reason(is),无论什么价格/理由wheatn.小麦wheeln.&v.轮,机轮whenconj.当……的时候;既然;一…就ad.什么时候,何时hardly/scarely/rarely…when…一….就54

53wheneverconj.每当,无论何时wheread.在哪里;往哪里whereverconj.无论在哪里whetherconj.是否whichpron.那(哪)一个;那(哪)一些a.这(哪)个;这(哪)些;无论哪个(些)whicheverpron.无论哪个,无论哪些whileconj.在…的时候,和…同时;尽管(放于句首);而(对比)(放于句末)n.一会儿,一段时间forawhile呆一会儿inashortwhile一会儿以后onceinawhile偶尔whisperv.低语,私下说inawhisper低声地Itiswhisperedthat…据传说whistlen.哨子,哨子声whitea&n.白色的,白色whopron.谁*whoeverpron.(引导名词性从句)无论谁,不管谁wholea.整个的asawhole作为整体onthewhole大体上widea.宽阔的n.widthwidespreada.分布广的;普遍的widown.寡妇wifen.妻子wilda.未开发的,荒凉的;野生的,野的;狂怒的bewildwithjoy欣喜若狂inthewild在旷野wildlyad.wildlifen.野生动物willn.意志,遗嘱;愿望;决心Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成will(would)modalv.将,会(表示将来);愿意,要willinga.乐意的;愿意的bewilling/ready/preparedtodo愿意做win(won,won)n.获胜,赢得winnern.获胜者windn.风windya.多风的,风大的wind(wound,wound)vt.缠绕,连带;蜿蜒,弯曲windone’sway蜿蜒前进windown.窗户;计算机的窗口winen.酒wingn.机翼,翅膀winnern.获胜者,成功者wintern.冬天,冬季wipev.擦;擦净;擦干wipesth(from/offsth.)擦干净,抹掉……wipesth.fromsth.抹去(旧事)wipeout消灭;从里面擦洗wiren.电线wisdomn.智慧wisea.聪明的,英明的,有见识的wishn.愿望,祝愿vt.希望,想要,祝愿(从句中用虚拟)wishforsth.希望得到wishsb.goodluck祝某人好运withprep.关于;带有;以;和;用;有withdrawv.(withdrew,withdrawn)使撤退;脱离;提取withinprep.在……里面withoutprep.没有witnessvt.目击;见证n.目击者,见证人awitnesstosth..的目击者witnesstoseeing作证说看见wolfn.(pl.wolves)狼woman(pl.women)n.妇女women(men)doctors女(男)医生们wonderv.对…疑惑,感到惊奇,想知道n.惊叹;奇迹(It’s)no/littlewonderthat难怪..(句首不倒装)inwonder惊异地wonderat对…感到奇怪do/workwonders创造奇迹wonderfula.美妙的,精彩的;了不起的;太好了woodn.木头,木材;(复)树木,森林a.wooden木制的wooln.羊毛,羊绒wordn.词,单词;话breakone’sword食言keepone’sword守信eatone’swords收回前言wordbyword一字一字地Wordcamethat…有消息称leaveword留下口信haveawordwithsb.与某人说句话havewordswithsb.与某人吵架inaword总之一句话inotherwords换句话说workn.[U]工作,劳动,事情;[C]著作,作品;works工厂vi.工作;(机器、器官等)运转,活动atwork在工作atplay在玩耍workhardat….努力学习workout算出,拟订,弄明白,弄清楚outofwork失业,下岗achemicalworks一家化工厂hisworks他的作品AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.只工作不玩,聪明的孩子也会变傻.workern.工人worldn.世界world-famousa.世界闻名的worldwidea.遍及全球的,世界范围的ad.=globallywormn.蠕虫,寄生虫worna.用坏的,用旧的;疲惫的bewornouta.破烂不堪的,疲惫不堪的worryn.&v.烦恼,担忧,发怒;困扰beworried/anxious/concernedabout=worryabout担心wortha.有……的价值,值得……的beworth(doing)/…moneyworthlessa.没有价值的,没有用的worthwhilea.值得做的It’sworthwhiletodosth./doingsth.worthya.值得的;值得尊敬(敬仰)的beworthyofbeingdone=beworthytobedone…值得做beworthyofconsideration.值得考虑的aworthycause崇高的事业trustworthya.值得信赖的wouldmodalv.(will的过去时)将会,打算,想要,过去常常woundvt.伤,伤害n.创伤,伤口thewounded伤员bewoundedintheback背部受伤*wrap(wrapped,wrapped)vt.wrapA(up)inB=wrapBround/aroundA用…包裹bewrapped(up)insb/sth.全神贯注于……wrestlev.摔跤,角力wrinklen.皱纹wristn.手腕,腕关节write(wrote,written)v.写,书写;写作,著述writesth.down写下,记下writeto….给……写信writingsn.著作=workswronga.错误的;不正常的,有毛病的bewrongwith…..出毛病,出故障gowrong出毛病54

54dosbwrong=dowrongtosb迫害某人XX-rayn.X射线,X光Yyardn.码,院子,场地yawnvi.打哈欠yeahad.(=yes)(俚)是yearn.年yearbyyear年年,逐年yearafteryear年复一年yellv.叫喊,号叫yellatsb./sth.朝…大喊yetad.尚,还,仍然yoghurtn.酸奶/乳酪younga.年轻的theyoung年轻人yourspron.你的,你们的(名词性物主代词)yourselfpron.你自己(yourselves)youthn.青春,青年youthfula.年轻的yummya.美味的,可口的Zzeron.&num.零,零度,零点zipv.&n.拉开(或扣上)……的拉链,拉链(zipped,zipped)zipcode(美)=postcode(英)邮政区号zippern.拉链zonen.区域,范围zoon.动物园zoomvi.(指飞机)陡直地上升54

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