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2023年高考英语复习讲练测第17讲完形填空夹叙夹议文（20空）（讲）【考纲考情】夹叙夹议文是近年来高考完形填空常见的一种体裁，这类体裁的文章一般具有哲理性，往往从一件看似平淡的小事中领悟出深刻的人生哲理，因此耐人寻味，可读性较强。在语言方面，这类体裁的文章既有记叙文的特点，同时又具有议论文的特点。在结构上，该文体采用“先叙后议”“先议后叙”或“叙议交替”的写作模式，旨在记叙的基础上，通过议论的手段，说明作者的态度、观点、思想和目的。选材上会源于真实生活，平淡叙述中流露人间真情，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养。在词性上仍会以实词为主，其中动词会占半壁江山，虚词几乎不会考查，并且完形填空题注重对文章语境的理解。难易上，句内层次题（答案由设空所在句子决定，多凭语感可知答案）和句组层次题（答案由设空临近句子决定，需前后寻找信息或暗示）较容易且所占比重较大，语篇层次题（答案由整篇文章的内涵决定，需统揽全局）考查较少但难度较大。【考点梳理】针对高考夹叙夹议性的完形填空题，解答技巧如下：1．分析结构，抓住作者观点。在做题时要借助文章结构，认真体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的思路。2．重视首句，把握文章主题。首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作目的，为全面理解文章打开一扇“窗户”。3．叙议兼顾，理解议论内涵。夹叙夹议中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时，掌握议论部分的内容是关键，因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，再结合人物心理和行为的描述，全面把握文章才能正确解题。4．抓住转换，理清逻辑关系。抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。解答完形填空题需具备“题文齐读”的技能，也即是一边读文，一边用眼睛的余光扫一下题目。这项技能要求较高，运用此法要保证注意力高度集中，要具备较强的聚合思维。在平时的训练中要多尝试应用才能默化成规，内化于心。通常，在具体的解题中，需掌握以下解题方法：1．利用平行结构解题平行结构是指结构相同或相似、意思密切相连、语气一致的句子或词组组成一串排列的语言现象(如由and,or等连接的短语或句子)。此种结构形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密，利用它可以提高解题效率。(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)“Peoplehavebeen53thereandstandingthereandtaking54.picturesofeachother，”
1Rosays.“Thetownsquarewastotally55.full...”A．drivingB．hidingC．campingD．sitting【答案】D 【解析】and用于连接平行结构，与设空后standing对应的应该是sitting。故选：D。2．利用语境暗示解题上下文或语境具体体现为：全文的中心和主题、作者的态度和评价、上下文的语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。无论是句内层次题还是句组层次题，我们常可通过上下文或语境暗示，推导出正确答案。(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)Iwonderif49.parentsshouldalwaystellthetruthnomatterthe50.consequences.Ihaveaverystrong51.fearthattheliewe'retellingisdoing52damagetoourchildren.A．physicalB．biologicalC．spiritualD．behavioral【答案】C【解析】本题可以利用语境暗示解题。根据语境可知，此处指“我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵的(spiritual)伤害”。故选：C。3．利用情感态度解题在做完形填空时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的基础上，留意能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的词汇。因为这些词汇通常为我们做题的重要参考线索，可帮助我们快速确定某些题目的答案。(2021·天津高考3月)Formostpeople,havingthingsstolenfeelslikeanoffence.RobbiePruittadmittedthathegot16whenhediscoveredthetheftofhismountainbikelastSeptember.Butsoonenough,his17.emotionstookaturn.Afterlettinggoofhisangerandfrustration,hefoundhimselfonaroadtosympathy18.instead.A．amazedB．madC．curiousD．frightened【答案】B 【解析】句意：RobbiePruitt(罗比·普鲁伊特)承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。amazed“惊讶的”；mad“生气的”；curious“好奇的”；frightened“害怕的”。根据下文“lettinggoofhisanger”可知，发现车被偷，RobbiePruitt当时很生气。故选：B。4．利用生活常识或文化背景解题完形填空中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗人情等方面的知识，做题时利用这些知识，特别是注意中西方文化差异，巧妙地加以运用将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间。(2020·天津高考)Joneswas21whenshesaidthatshedidn'tactually22.mindbeingcheated.A．ashamedB．shocked
2C．excitedD．amused【答案】B 【解析】ashamed“羞愧的”；shocked“震惊的”；excited“兴奋的”；amused“逗乐的；觉得好笑的”。根据常识可知，一个人被骗了很多钱，她一定会很生气。然而，这位老妇人却说她不介意。所以Jones(琼斯)很震惊。故选：B。【题型剖析】A（2021·全国·高考真题）Simplysayingthankyoudoesn'tseemenoughincertainsituations.Iwasconsideringthiswhileworkingasa___1___justafewweeksago.Anditcametomethenhowmucheasieritwouldbeifwehadarangeofwordsthatexpressdifferent___2___ofgratitude(感谢).Mythoughtsweresoon___3___.Wehadawomanpatientwhowas___4___fromakneereplacementoperation.Oneafternoon,while___5___togetintobedshecollapsed(倒下)fromwhatwas___6___discoveredtobeaheartattack.Thecollapsewasdisastrous,___7___theemergencymedicalteamandgoodteamwork.Butsherecovered,though___8___,andwasreadyfordischarge(出院)afterfourweeks.Shewas___9___foreverythingthatthemedicalandnursingteamhaddoneforher.Onherdayofdischarge,wesharedinher_____10_____atherrecovery.Asshewas_____11_____shewaseagertosay_____12_____toeachofusinthenursingteam.Whenshe_____13_____onenurse,shetriedtopressafive-poundnoteintoherhand.Mycolleague_____14_____toacceptit,sayingthatwewerealljust_____15_____ourjob.Thepatientlookedpuzzled,andthen_____16_____:“Ohthisisn'tforthe_____17_____Ihad.Itakethatasa_____18_____.No,thisisforsettingmyhairyesterday.” Andthereyouhaveit.Tomanypeople,_____19_____livesispartofthejobbutstylinghairisan_____20_____andshouldberewarded.1．A．cleanerB．chemistC．nurseD．doctor2．A．gradesB．meaningsC．needsD．expectations3．A．brushedasideB．puttothetestC．broughtunderdiscussionD．takenintoaccount4．A．departingB．escapingC．retiringD．recovering5．A．attemptingB．choosingC．pausingD．promising6．A．eventuallyB．fortunatelyC．casuallyD．secretly7．A．assessingB．requiringC．formingD．proving8．A．slightlyB．accidentallyC．slowlyD．happily9．A．gratefulB．thoughtfulC．sorrowfulD．fearful10．A．surpriseB．delightC．curiosityD．disappointment11．A．operatingB．thinkingC．hesitatingD．leaving12．A．sorryB．helloC．goodbyeD．yes13．A．reachedB．consultedC．introducedD．persuaded
314．A．wishedB．pretendedC．failedD．refused15．A．enjoyingB．doingC．securingD．starting16．A．repeatedB．recitedC．repliedD．reported17．A．courageB．patienceC．dutyD．care18．A．goalB．givenC．pushD．greeting19．A．riskingB．changingC．savingD．building20．A．honourB．abilityC．openingD．extraB（2021·天津·高考真题）MybrotherandIareexactlyoneyearapart.Welookliketwins,butwearecompletely____21____.Bythetimewegottomiddleschoolitwasclearthatmyolderbrother____22____meditation(冥想),whileIwasaborn____23____whopreferredthetheatrical,evenwhenoffstage.Itookhisrelativesilencetobeoffensive.Wesimplydidn't____24____.Ididn't____25____havingatenserelationshipwithmybrotherbecauseIwasinvolvedatschool.____26____,Ithrewmyselfintotheworldofmusicals.Ipractisedsinginginthebedroomeverydaytoremainatmybestandbe____27____forroles;mybrotherwouldmeditateonawindowseat.Hemightfeelhighschoolwasalreadyhardenough____28____mynoisysinging.Sospacetopractisebecamea（n）____29____betweenusbecausewesharedaroom.Atthestartofthesemester,Ipractised“CircleofLife"foramusical.ThiswasthefirsttimeI_____30_____tolearnasong,becausemyvoicecracked(破音)asIswitchedtoaheadvoice.Iwasannoyedinthatperiodand_____31_____practising,declaringIhadreachedtheceilingofmysingingcareer.Forthefirsttimeinyearsmybrother_____32_____quietwhenIgothome.Aftertwodaysofthis,mybrotheraskedmeto_____33_____himinmeditation.Feelingmyangeratmyinabilitytomanagethissong_____34_____,Iaccepted.Mybrothersaid,"Whenyourmindfloatsaway,yousimplycomeback.Don'tblameyourself"Igotthemessage,anditsoonbecamemynew_____35_____.Ikepttryingatthesong,nolongergetting_____36_____atmyself.Andjustintimeforthetrialperformance,Iwasableto_____37_____powerinmysingingdespitetheswitchtoaheadvoice.Itwasimportantformetolearnthatyoudon'thavetoalwaysgeteverything_____38_____thefirsttimeandthatgoodthingscomewithcontinual_____39_____.Inowunderstandwhymybrotherfavoursthe_____40_____.21．A．matureB．differentC．contentD．normal22．A．dislikedB．preferredC．replacedD．abandoned23．A．writerB．leaderC．painterD．performer24．A．getalongB．dropbyC．showoffD．checkin25．A．tryB．mindC．enjoyD．delay26．A．InparticularB．InvainC．InreturnD．Intheory27．A．humorousB．ordinaryC．competitiveD．grateful28．A．aboveB．belowC．nearD．without29．A．issueB．contrastC．agreementD．balance
430．A．struggledB．expectedC．promisedD．decided31．A．beganB．allowedC．stoppedD．continued32．A．hatedB．experiencedC．acceptedD．wanted33．A．helpB．inviteC．joinD．admire34．A．gracefullyB．suddenlyC．fiercelyD．cautiously35．A．limitB．sentenceC．mistakeD．philosophy36．A．rudeB．angryC．surprisedD．excited37．A．loseB．shareC．reduceD．maintain38．A．wrongB．rightC．backD．down39．A．luckB．absenceC．effortD．fear40．A．fightB．noiseC．quietD．safety
