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2023年高考英语复习讲练测第14讲阅读理解词义猜测题（练）AEsports(electronicsports)areorganizedcompetitionswhereplayers—oftenreferredtoas“athletes”—faceoffagainsteachotherinvideogames.Theyarenotjustgamesinasense.Actually,theyareasportthatcanimprovetheplayers’thinkingability,hand-eyecoordination,willpowerandteamspirit.Theesportsindustryhasexperiencedsignificantgrowthinrecentyearsaroundtheworld,thoughit’sstillinthenascentstage,whichmeansithashugegrowthpotentialgoingforward.Whiletheassumptionisthatesportsareonlyarecentphenomenon,inrealitythefirstesports-likeeventwasheldbackin1972,whensomeStanfordUniversitystudentscompetedagainstoneanotherinthegameSpacewar.Theprize?Ayear-longsubscriptiontoRollingStonemagazine.The’80ssawthefirsttruevideogametournament,withover10,000playersgatheringfortheSpaceInvadersChampionship.However,mostoftheperiodsawthatplayersfocusedonbeatingeachother’shighestscoresratherthancompetinginorganizedtournaments.Asgamingbecamemorepopular,the’90sbecamethefirstdecadewhenesports(atermwhichwasn’tyetcoined)begantoreallytakeoff,withcompaniessuchasNintendoandSegaholdingprofessionalgamingtournaments.Thisisalsowhenwebegantoseemoneybecomingafactorinprofessionalgaming.Butitisthe1997RedAnnihilationQuaketournamentthatisconsideredtheworld’sfirstrealesportsevent.Onlyafewweekslater,theCyberathleteProfessionalLeaguewasformed—anorganizationwhichisconsideredapioneerofesports.DuetothenormalizationofgamingandtheInternet(alongwithtechnologicaladvances),therealsurge(激增)ofesportscameintherecentdecade.Itwasthenthatwebeganseeingwhatwenowknowtobemodern-dayesports.AsstreamingplatformssuchasYouTubetookoff,peoplebegantoshowinterestinnotonlyplayingvideogamesbutwatchingthemtoo.Populartournamentsnowselloutstadiumsandprofessionalplayerscanearnmillionsfromprizemoney,advertisingandsalaries.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“nascent”inParagraph2probablymean?A．Beginning.B．Peak.C．Mature.D．Final.2．Howdoesthetextmainlydevelop?A．Byprovidingexamples.B．Bymakingcomparisons.C．Byfollowingtheorderoftime.D．Byfollowingtheorderofimportance.3．Whatcanbelearnedaboutesports?A．Theyspreadworldwideovernight.B．Prizemoneyappearedinthe1990s.C．Thefirstrealesportseventwasheldin1972.D．Theathletesinesportsareprogrammers.4．Whatseemstobetheauthor’sviewpointonmodern-dayesports?
1A．Theyaregettingpopular.B．Theybecometoocommercialized.C．TheyboostthenormalizationoftheInternet.D．Theirdevelopmentreliesonadvertising.BSomescientistshavedetectedachemicalonVenus(金星)thatisn’texpectedtobethere,whichleadsthemtowonderwhatisproducingthechemical.Venusmaylookbeautifulinthenightsky,butit’saharshplanet.Itscloudsaremadeofacid.Anditsatmosphereissothickthatifyoucouldstandontheplanet’ssurface,youwouldfeellikeyouwere3,000feetunderthesea.Itisthehottestplanetinthesolarsystem,withanaveragetemperatureof464℃.ThoughpeoplehaveoftenwonderedifVenususedtohavelife,mostpeopledon’tbelievelifeexiststhere.Now,asaresultofworkbyagroupofscientistsledbyDr.JaneGreavesfromCardiffUniversity,theremaybereasontoquestionthat.Thescientistsfoundamoleculecalledphosphine(磷化氢)inVenus’atmosphere.OnEarth,somebacteriaproducesmallamountsofphosphineinoxygen-freeenvironments.Phosphinemoleculesaren’tverystable,sotheytendtobreakapartorburnupeasily.Manyscientistsbelievephosphinemightbeasignoflifeonotherplanets.SothescientistswerepuzzledwhentheyfoundsignsofphosphinehighintheatmosphereofVenus.Theydouble-checkedtheirresultanditwasthesame—highinthecloudsthereappearedtobetoomuchphosphine.Thatledthescientiststothinkaboutwhatcouldmakethephosphine.Theystudiedmanyideas,fromsunlight,lightningstrikestovolcanoes.Butnoneofthesecouldproducetheamountofphosphinetheydetected.Onepossibleexplanationforthephosphineissimple—life.Forexample,somesortofbacteriacansomehowsurviveintheacidcloudsofVenus.ThediscoveryofphosphineonVenushascausedalotofexcitement.Thescientistsbehindthestudyareeagertodomoreresearch.Now,manyotherpeoplearealsolookingtofocusontheplanetandperhapsevencreatemissionstoexploreVenus’atmosphere.5．AccordingtoParagraph2,what’sgenerallybelievedaboutVenus?A．Lifeexiststhereforlong.B．Itisanunlivableplanet.C．Itisoneofthehottestplanets.D．ThecloudsonVenusarethinandacidic.6．WhatdoweknowaboutphosphineonVenus?A．Itisakindofgaslowintheclouds.B．Itisapossiblemarkeroflife.C．Itcontributestothebirthoflife.D．Itisstableinoxygen-freeenvironments.7．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“That”inParagraph5referto?A．Thepresenceofphosphine.B．Theamountofacid.C．Theinstabilityofphosphine.D．Thehightemperature.8．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?
2A．IsThereLifeonVenus?B．OxygenSpottedonVenusC．ANewWaytoExploreVenusD．WillAstronautsLandonVenus?CTheprizedloveforanicecreamgoesbackthousandsofyears,andicecreamswereenjoyedbypeoplelivingallovertheancientworld—fromChinatoMesopotamia.Asearlyas4,000yearsago,Chinesepeopleenjoyedakindoffrozensyrup—athicksweetstickyliquid.Centurieslateraround400B．C．,sherbetwasapopulartreatinthePersianEmpire.Thiscolddrinkfeaturedsyrupsmadefromchemise,quinces,andpomegranatesthatwerethencooledwithsnow.Themodernwords“sherbet,”“Barbet,”and“syrup”canfindtheirlinguisticoriginsbackLoShabbat.HistoricaccountstellofAlexandertheGreat,whotookoverthePersianEmpirein330B．C．,enjoyingtastyicessweetenedwithhoney.TheGreeks,andlatertheRomans,adoptedthecustomofcoolingtheirdrinks.IntheearlyyeanoftheRomanEmpire,EmperorNerowasknowntoapplyfruitjuicesmixedwithboneyandsnowathisbanquets.Centurieslaterinthe1290s,MarcoPoloreturnedfromChinawithrecipesfordeliciousices,someofwhichincludedmilk.Modernicecreamswereonlymadepossiblebyobtainingandpreservingsnowandicefromcold,mountainousareasorfrozenlakesandrivers.Differentcivilizationscreatedicehouseswithvariationsonthesametheme:chambersfreeofheatandlight.Deeppitswereoftenused,andtheicewouldbepackedseparately,oftenwithstraworbranches,tokeepouttheheat.Gettingicewascomplexandlabor-consuming,whichmadeicehighlyvaluableinthemiddleAges,whensnowwasstillbroughtfromthemountainstoicehousesthroughoutEurope.The17thcenturywitnessedprivateicehouses,andbytheendofthe18thcentury,largeicehouseswerebuiltintownsandcities.Travelingsalespeoplesoldlargeblocksoficedoortodoor.Insomecitiestheicetradewasregulatedbytheauthorities,whosetpricesandfinesforillegalsale.InNaplestherewere43“icesellers”in1807.Rulerestrictedsellerstosupplyingiceonlyduringthesummer.Sorbet,sherbet,syrup,orjustplainicecream,thesecold,greettreatshavebeencoolingpeopleofforcenturies.9．Whichofthefollowingisthefactaboutthedevelopmentoficecream?A．Strawsorbrancheswereusedtoproducemodernicecreams.B．AlexandertheGreathadcooldrinkswithhoneyendsnowathisbanquets.C．MarcoPolobroughtbackfromChinarecipesformilk-tasteicesinthelate13thcentury.D．PeopleinthePersianEmpireenjoyedfrozensyrup3,600yearsearlierthantheChinese.10．Whichhastheclosestmeaningwiththeunderlinedword“chambers”inParagraph4?A．Plants.B．Rooms.C．Packages.D．Icecreams.11．WhywasthepriceoficecreamshighduringtheMiddleAge?A．Itwasatoughjabtoobtainice.B．Theproductiontookalotoftime.C．Muchlaborwasneededformarketing.D．Theproducingtechniqueswereadvanced.12．Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A．HistoricAccountsofPreservingIceCreamsB．ContrastofAncientandModernleeCreams
3C．ChineseContributionstoMakingIceCreamsD．TheHistoryandWorldwideLoveofIceCreamsDTurtleshaveanunfortunatehabitofeatingplasticobjectsfloatinginthesea.Thesethencannotbebrokendownanddigested,andmayultimatelykillthem.Itiswidelyassumedthatthisspeciallikingforplasticsisamatterofmistakenidentity.Floatingplasticbags,forinstance,looksimilartojellyfish,whichmanytypesofturtleslovetoeat.Yetlotaofplasticobjectsthatendupinsideturtlesarenotsimilartojellyfish.JosephPfalleroftheUniversityofFloridathereforesuspectsthatthesmellofmicro-organisms(微生物)whichgrowonfloatingplasticobjectsfoolsturtlestofeed.ResearchersattheUniversityofCalifornianoticedthatcertainchemicals,whicharereleasedintotheairbymicro-organism—colonisedplastics,arethosewhichmanyseabirdssnifftotrackdownfood.Thesechemicalsmarkgoodplacestohuntbecausetheyindicateanabundanceoftheseaweedandbacteria.Sinceturtlesareknowntobreakthesurfaceandsnifftheairwhenswimmingtowardstheirfeedingareas,Dr.Pfallerindicatedthattheyarefollowingthesesamechemicals,andarefooledintothinkingthatfloatingplasticobjectsareedible.Totestthatidea,heandhiscolleaguessetupanexperiment.Theyarrangedfor15oftheanimals,eacharoundfivemonthsold,tobeexposed,inrandomorder,tofoursmellsdeliveredthroughapipeto;theairaboveanexperimentalarea.Thesmellswere:thevapourfromdeionised(去离子)water;thesmellofturtle-feedingmeal;thesmellofacleanplasticbottle;andthesmellofasimilarlyplasticbottlethathadbeenkeptintheoceanforfiveweekstoallowseaweedandbacteriatogrowonit.Twoofthesmells-thesmellofmealandthatoffive-week-oldbottles-provedfarmoreattractivetotheanimalsthantheothers.Onthefaceofit,then,theturtleswererespondingtothesmellofoldbottlesasifitwerethesmelloffood.Inanunpollutedocean,prettywellanythingwhichhadthissmellwouldbeedible-or,atleast,harmless.Unfortunately,five-week-oldplasticbottlesandtheirlikearenot.13．Whatismostpeople'sopiniononturtles'specialhabit?A．Turtlespreferjellyfishtoplastics.B．Turtlesenjoythetasteofplastics.C．Turtleslikebeingfedwithplastictools.D．Turtleschoosetoeatplasticsforamistake.14．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“edible"inparagraph3mean?A．Fittoeat.B．Pleasanttosmell.C．Fartoreach.D．Easytodigest.15．WhatcanweinferfromDr.Pfaller'sresearch?A．Manyseabirdscantrackthefood.B．Mostanimalsfindfoodthroughsmells.C．Twosmellsareespeciallyfavoredbyturtles.D．Thefavoredsmellleadsturtlestoseekforfood.16．Whydidtheauthormentiontheunpollutedoceanatlast?A．Toexplainwhytheoceanispolluted.B．Toaskforpeopletofeedturtlesproperfood.
4C．Toarousetheawarenessofprotectingtheocean.D．ToshowhisagreementonDr.Pfaller'sresearch.EBecausethecommercialinternethasbeendevelopedwithsolittleregardforprivacy,techcompanieshavebeenabletoturnpersonaldataintoconsiderableprofits,raisingbillionsofdollarsofftheirabilitytocollectandsellinformationaboutanyonewhohaswanderedwithinshoutingdistanceoftheirsoftware.Thisweek,Googleannouncedastepintherightdirection-butnotahugestep,noronethatwillstopGooglefromcontinuingtocollectimmenseamountsofpersonaldata.Atissueishowonlinecompaniestrackinternetusersastheybrowse(浏览)fromsitetositeonline,typicallythroughcookies(informationthatawebsiteleavesinyourcomputersothatthewebsitewillrecognizeyouwhenyouuseitagain).Themostharmfulversion,“third-party”cookies,isthewebalternativeofacompanypostingsecurityguardsacrosstheinternettomonitorwhatyoudo,evenwhenyou’reonothercompanies’sites.GoogledeclaredinablogpostWednesdaythatitwouldnolongeruseorsupportthird-partycookies,norwoulditcreateoruseanyothertechnologythattracksindividualusersacrosstheweb.GiventhatGoogleisamainsupplierofonlineadvertisingtechnology,itschangeinapproachwillimpactfarandwide.That’swelcomenews,althoughwithhugeamountsofwarning.AsLeeTienoftheElectronicFrontierFoundationnoted,third-partycookieswerealreadyontheretreat,withAppleandothermakersofpopularwebbrowsersmovingtoblockthem.Meanwhile,Google,FacebookandotherBigTechcompaniescontinuetocollectpersonalinformationinlargequantitiesfrompeoplewhousetheirsitesandservicesthroughfirst-partycookiesandsimilartechniques.Theconcernsaboutpersonaldatacollectionarethesamewhetherit’sbeingcollectedthroughfirst-partyorthird-partytechniques,saidMichelleRichardsonoftheCenterforDemocracyandTechnology.“Companiesmayusetheinformationtodiscriminateamonginternetusers,offeringdifferentgoods,servicesandevenpricestodifferentusers.”Insteadofhelpingadvertiserstrackindividuals,Googlesays,itisimprovingatechnologythatassignsusersnamelesslytolargegroupswithcommoninterests.That’sanimprovement,eventhoughittoomaybeatriskofabuse.Butwhydoanyformoftrackingatall?Privacyadvocatessaypitches(兜售)canbetargetedeffectivelybybasingthemonwheretheuserisatthemoment,notwhereheorshehasbrowsedpreviouslyonline.Ultimately,lawmakersaregoingtohavetolaydownregulationsgivingpeoplefarmorecontroloverwhetherandhowpersonalinformationisusedonline.Ideallythefederal(联邦的)governmentwillsetastrongfloorunderonlineprivacyprotections,butuntilthenitwillbeuptostatelawmakersorvoterstoact,asthisstatehasdonewithitsgroundbreakingonlineprivacylaws.It’sgoodtoseeGooglemovetheballforward,butthere’smuchfarthertogo.17．Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“ontheretreat”inPara4mostprobablymean?A．Exposed.B．Removed.C．Emerging.D．Fading.18．ItcanbelearnedfromthedeclarationthatGoogle.A．isdevelopingnewtechnologiestostopdatacollectionB．refusestoworkwithcompaniestrackingprivacyC．intendstoabandonitsadvertisingtechnologies
5D．resolvestostoptheuseofthird-partycookies19．Fromthepassagewecanknowthatfirst-partycookies.A．arestillcollectingpersonalinformationB．areblockedbybigcompanieslikeAppleC．aremainlyusedbyadvertisingcompaniesD．arelessconcerningthanthird-partycookies20．Whatisthewriter’sattitudetowardsGoogle’snewmove?A．Itislesssatisfactorythanexpected.B．Itneedstobemoreforcefultobeeffective.C．Itwillacceleratethedisappearanceofcookies.D．Ithasdrivenlawmakerstomakenewregulations.FAsmallbowlboughtatayardsaleinConnecticutforjust$35hasbeenidentifiedasarare15th-centuryChineseantique.Theblue-and-whitebowlwasmadebyChina'sroyalcourtduringtheMingdynasty.Itisnowexpectedtosellforupto$500,000,accordingtoSotheby'sauction(拍卖)houseinNewYork,wheretheauctionwilltakeplacenextmonth.ThepurchasewasmadelastyearnearNewHaven,Connecticut.“Iwasjusthangingaroundthereaimlessly.ButwhenIsawthisbowl,Ididn'tevenbargainoverthe$35askingprice,”theownersaid.Shortlyafterthepurchase,hesentphotosofthebowltoauctionspecialists,whoidentifieditasanitemofhistoricalsignificance.Uponcloserinspection,theartifactwasfoundtohaveoriginatedfromtheperiodofYongleEmperor,whoruledfrom1403to1424-aperiodnotedforitsdistinctiveporcelain(瓷器)techniques.It'snowvaluedbetween$300,000and$500,000,withthetopestimatenearly14,300timestheamountitwaspurchasedfor.“Iwasdeeplyattractedbythetechniques.Youcanseewhythisbowlissohighly-valuedfromtheverysmoothporcelainbody,silkyglaze(上釉)andspecialbluecoloring,whichwereneverreproducedinlaterdynasties,”McAteer,anauctionspecialist,said.“TheYongleEmperorimprovedtheporcelaintechniquesandelevatedtheimportanceofporcelainfrombeinganordinarybowlintoatrueworkofart.Thissmallbowlhasbothpracticalandartisticvalue,”McAteersaid.21．Whatcanweinferaboutthebowl'sowner?A．Hefoundthebowlbyaccident.B．Hehesitatedduringthepurchase.C．Hedoubtedwhetherthebowlwasreal.D．Heboughtthebowlbecauseitwascheap.22．Whatmakesthebowlsoprecious?A．Thebluecoloronit.B．Thelonghistoryithas.C．Thepeoplewhomadeit.D．Theuniquetechniquesused.
623．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“elevated”inParagraph6probablymean?A．Forsaw.B．Promoted.C．Assessed.D．Acknowledged.24．What'sthebesttitleofthetext?A．AnAmazingBowlB．ASpecialYardSaleC．TheReturnofPorcelainsD．AManMakingFortune
