2021年12月英语六级试卷合集（第1、2、3套）

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2021年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第一套）PartIWriting(30minutes)（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分,之后将进行听力考试）Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayrelatedtotheshortpassagegivenbelow.Inyouressay,youaretocommentonthephenomenondescribedinthepassageandsuggestmeasurestoaddresstheissue.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.Nowadaysstarchasingisprevalentamongmanyteenagers.Theytakepopstarsastheiridols,imitatingtheirwayoftalking,followingtheirstyleofdressing,andseekingeverychancetomeettheminpersonatgreatexpenses.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustschoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Ithasgivenrisetomuchcontroversy.B)Ithasbeenveryfavorablyreceived.C)Itwasprimarilywrittenforvegetarians.D)Itoffendsmanyenvironmentalists.2.A)Sheneglectspeople’seffortsinanimalprotection.B)Shetriestoforcepeopletoacceptherradicalideas.C)Sheignoresthevariousbenefitsofpublictransport.D)Sheinsistsvegetariansareharmingtheenvironment.3.A)Theyaresignificant.B)Theyarerevolutionary.C)Theyarerational.D)Theyaremodest.1

14.A)Itwouldhelptoprotecttheenvironment.B)Itwouldgeneratemoneyforpublichealth.C)Itwouldneedsupportfromthegeneralpublic.D)Itwouldforcepoorpeopletochangetheirdiet.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.5.A)Wheresuccessfulpeople’sstrengthscomefrom.B)Whymanypeoplefightsohardforsuccess.C)Howsheachievedherlife’sgoal.D)Whatmakespeoplesuccessful.6.A)Havingsomeonewhohasconfidenceinthem.B)Havingsomeonewhoisreadytohelpthem.C)Havingafirmbeliefintheirownability.D)Havingarealisticattitudetowardslife.7.A)Theyadjusttheirgoalsaccordingly.B)Theytryhardtoappearoptimistic.C)Theystaypositive.D)Theyremaincalm.8.A)Anunderstandingleadership.B)Anurturingenvironment.C)Mutualrespectamongcolleagues.D)Highlycooperativeteammates.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustschoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)Theyusetheirsenseofhearingtocapturetheirprey.B)Theirfoodmainlyconsistsofsmallanimalsandfish.C)Theyhavebigeyesanddistinctivevisualcenters.D)Theirancestorisdifferentfromthatofmicrobats.10.A)Withthehelpofmoonlight.B)Bymeansofecholocation.2

2C)Withtheaidofdaylightvision.D)Bymeansofvisionandsmell.11.A)Tomakeupfortheirnaturalabsenceofvision.B)Toadaptthemselvestoaparticularlifestyle.C)Tofacilitatetheirtraveloverlongdistances.D)Tosurviveintheever-changingweather.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.12.A)Theyacquireknowledgenotfoundinbooks.B)Theylearnhowtointeractwiththeirpeers.C)Theybecomemoreemotionallyaggressive.D)Theygetmuchbetterpreparedforschool.13.A)Theyarefarfromemotionallyprepared.B)Theytendtobemoreattractedbyimages.C)Theycan’tfollowtheconflictsintheshow.D)Theylackthecognitiveandmemoryskills.14.A)Chooseappropriateprogramsfortheirchildren.B)Helptheirchildrenunderstandtheprogram’splot.C)Outlinetheprogram’splotfortheirchildrenfirst.D)Monitortheirchildren’swatchingofTVprograms.15.A)Explainitsmessagetotheirchildren.B)Checkiftheirchildrenhaveenjoyedit.C)Encouragetheirchildrentoretellthestory.D)Asktheirchildrentodescribeitscharacters.SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustschoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Theyareafraidofinjuringtheirfeet.B)Theyhaveneverdevelopedthehabit.C)Theybelievealittledirtharmsnoone.D)Theyfinditrathertroublesometodoso.3

317.A)Differenttypesofbacteriaexistedonpublic-toiletfloors.B)Thereweremorebacteriaonsidewalksthaninthehome.C)Officecarpetscollectedmorebacteriathanelsewhere.D)Alargenumberofbacteriacollectedonasingleshoe.18.A)Thechemicalsonshoescandeteriorateairquality.B)Shoescanupsetfamilymemberswiththeirnoise.C)Themarksleftbyshoesarehardtoerase.D)Shoescanleavescratchesonthefloor.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.19.A)Itissinfulandimmoral.B)Itisdeemeduncivilized.C)Itisanuncontrollablebehavior.D)Itisaviolationoffaithandtrust.20.A)Assesstheirconsequences.B)Guardagainsttheirharm.C)Acceptthemasnormal.D)Findouttheircauses.21.A)Trytounderstandwhatmessagestheyconvey.B)Payattentiontotheirpossibleconsequences.C)Considerthemfromdifferentperspectives.D)Makesuretheyarebroughtundercontrol.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Cultivationofnewvarietiesofcrops.B)Measurestocopewithclimatechange.C)Developmentofmoreeffectivepesticides.D)Applicationofmorenitrogen-richfertilizers.23:A)Theexpansionoffarmlandindevelopingcountries.B)Theresearchoncroprotationindevelopingcountries.C)Thecooperationoftheworld’sagriculturalscientists.D)Theimprovementofagriculturalinfrastructure.24.A)Forencouragingfarmerstoembracenewfarmingtechniques.B)Foraligningtheirresearchwithadvancesinfarmingtechnology.C)Forturningtheirfocustotheneedsoffarmersinpoorercountries.D)Forcooperatingcloselywithpolicymakersindevelopingcountries.4

425.A)Rapidtransitiontobecomeafoodexporter.B)SubstantialfundinginagriculturalresearchC)Quickrisetobecomealeadinggrainproducer.D)Assumptionofhumanitarianresponsibilities.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.AccordingtopsychologistSharonDraper,ourclothingchoicescanabsolutelyaffectourwellbeing.Whenwe.wearill-fittingclothes,orfeelover-orunder-dressedforanevent,it’snaturaltofeelself-consciousorevenstressed.Conversely,shesays,optingforclothesthatfitwelland_26withyoursenseofstylecanimproveyourconfidence.Butcanyouimproveyourhealththroughyour27clothing,withouthavingtodashoutandbuyawholenew28?“Absolutely,”saysDraper.Ifyourgoalistoimproveyourthinking,sherecommendspickingclothesthatfitwellandareunlikelytoencouragerestlessness,so,avoidbows,tiesandunnecessary29.Italsohelpstooptforclothesyou30astyinginwithyourgoals,so,ifyouwanttoperformbetteratwork,selectpiecesyouviewasprofessional.Drapersaysthisfitsinwiththeconceptofbehavioralactivation,whereby31inabehavior(inthiscase,selectingclothes)cansetyouonthepathtothenachievingyourgoals(workingharder).Anotherwaytoimproveyour32ofmindistomixthingsup.Drapersaysweoftenfeelstuckinarut(常规)ifwewearthesameclothes-evenifthey’reourfavorites-thusopingforanitemyoudon’twearoften,oraddingsomethingdifferenttoanoutfit,suchasahat,can33shityourmood.Ondayswhenyou’rereally34tobravetheworld,Drapersuggestsselectingsentimentalitemsofclothing,suchasonesyouworeonaspecialday,orgiventoyoubyalovedone,asclotheswith35associationscanhelpyoutapintoconstructiveemotions.A)accessoriesB)alignC)concurrentlyD)currentE)engagingF)fondG)frameH)locationsI)perceive5

5J)positivelyK)profileL)prosperingM)reluctantN)showcaseO)wardrobeSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Whyfactsdon’tchangeourminds[A]TheeconomistJ.K.Galbraithoncewrote,“Facedwithachoicebetweenchangingone’smindandprovingthereisnoneedtodoso,almosteveryonegetsbusywiththeproof.”[B]LeoTolstoywasevenbolder.“Themostdifficultsubjectscanbeexplainedtothemostslow-wittedmanifhehasnotformedanyideaofthemalready;butthesimplestthingcannotbemadecleartothemostintelligentmanifheisfirmlypersuadedthatheknowsalready,withoutashadowofdoubt,whatislaidbeforehim.”[C]What’sgoingonhere?Whydon’tfactschangeourminds?Andwhywouldsomeonecontinuetobelieveafalseorinaccurateideaanyway?Howdosuchbehaviorsserveus?Humansneedareasonablyaccurateviewoftheworldinordertosurvive.Ifyourmodelofrealityiswildlydifferentfromtheactualworld,thenyoustruggletotakeeffectiveactionseachday.However,truthandaccuracyarenottheonlythingsthatmattertothehumanmind.Humansalsoseemtohaveadeepdesiretobelong.[D]InAtomicHabits,Iwrote,“Humansareherdanimals.Wewanttofitin,tobondwithothers,andtoearntherespectandapprovalofourpeers.Suchinclinationsareessentialtooursurvival.Formostofourevolutionaryhistory,ourancestorslivedintribes.Becomingseparatedfromthetribe—orworse,beingcastout—wasadeathsentence.”[E]Understandingthetruthofasituationisimportant,butsoisremainingpartofatribe.Whilethesetwodesiresoftenworkwelltogether,theyoccasionallycomeintoconflict.Inmanycircumstances,socialconnectionisactuallymorehelpfultoyourdailylifethanunderstandingthetruthofaparticularfactoridea.TheHarvardpsychologistStevenPinkerputitthisway,“Peopleareembracedorcondemnedaccordingtotheirbeliefs,soonefunctionofthemindmaybetoholdbeliefsthatbringthebelief-holderthegreatestnumberofallies,protectors,ordisciples(信徒),ratherthanbeliefsthataremostlikelytobetrue.”[F]Wedon’talwaysbelievethingsbecausetheyarecorrect.Sometimeswebelievethingsbecausetheymakeuslookgoodtothepeoplewecareabout.IthoughtKevin6

6Simlerputitwellwhenhewrote,“Ifabrainanticipatesthatitwillberewardedforadoptingaparticularbelief,it’sperfectlyhappytodoso,anddoesn’tmuchcarewheretherewardcomesfrom—whetherit’spragmatic(实用主义的)(betteroutcomesresultingfrombetterdecisions),social(bettertreatmentfromone’speers),orsomemixofthetwo.”[G]Falsebeliefscanbeusefulinasocialsenseeveniftheyarenotusefulinafactualsense.Forlackofabetterphrase,wemightcallthisapproach“factuallyfalse,butsociallyaccurate.”Whenwehavetochoosebetweenthetwo,peopleoftenselectfriendsandfamilyoverfacts.Thisinsightnotonlyexplainswhywemightholdourtongueatadinnerpartyorlooktheotherwaywhenourparentssaysomethingoffensive,butalsorevealsabetterwaytochangethemindsofothers.[H]Convincingsomeonetochangetheirmindisreallytheprocessofconvincingthemtochangetheirtribe.Iftheyabandontheirbeliefs,theyruntheriskoflosingsocialties.Youcan’texpectsomeonetochangetheirmindifyoutakeawaytheircommunitytoo.Youhavetogivethemsomewheretogo.Nobodywantstheirworldviewtornapartiflonelinessistheoutcome.[I]Thewaytochangepeople’smindsistobecomefriendswiththem,tointegratethemintoyourtribe,tobringthemintoyourcircle.Now,theycanchangetheirbeliefswithouttheriskofbeingabandonedsocially.[J]Perhapsitisnotdifference,butdistance,thatbreedstribalismandhostility.Asproximityincreases,sodoesunderstanding.IamremindedofAbrahamLincoln’squote,“Idon’tlikethatman.Imustgettoknowhimbetter.”[K]Factsdon’tchangeourminds.Friendshipdoes.Yearsago,BenCasnochamentionedanideatomethatIhaven’tbeenabletoshake:Thepeoplewhoaremostlikelytochangeourmindsaretheonesweagreewithon98percentoftopics.Ifsomeoneyouknow,like,andtrustbelievesaradicalidea,youaremorelikelytogiveitmerit,weight,orconsideration.Youalreadyagreewiththeminmostareasoflife.Maybeyoushouldchangeyourmindonthisonetoo.Butifsomeonewildlydifferentthanyouproposesthesameradicalidea,well,it’seasytodismissthemasnuts.[L]Onewaytovisualizethisdistinctionisbymappingbeliesonaspectrum.Ifyoudividethisspectruminto10unitsandyoufindyourselfatPosition7,thenthereislittlesenseintryingtoconvincesomeoneatPosition1.Thegapistoowide.Whenyou’reatPosition7,yourtimeisbetterspentconnectingwithpeoplewhoareatPositions6and8,graduallypullingtheminyourdirection.[M]Themostheatedargumentsoftenoccurbetweenpeopleonoppositeendsofthespectrum,butthemostfrequentlearningoccursfrompeoplewhoarenearby.Thecloseryouaretosomeone,themorelikelyitbecomesthattheoneortwobeliefsyoudon’tsharewillbleedoverintoyourownmindandshapeyourthinking.Thefurtherawayanideaisfromyourcurrentposition,themorelikelyyouaretorejectitoutright.Whenitcomestochangingpeople’sminds,itisverydifficulttojumpfromonesidetoanother.Youcan’tjumpdownthespectrum.Youhavetoslidedownit.[N]Anyideathatissufficientlydifferentfromyourcurrentworldviewwillfeelthreatening.Andthebestplacetoponderathreateningideaisinanon-threateningenvironment.Asaresult,booksareoftenabettervehicle,fortransformingbeliefs7

7thanconversationsordebates.Inconversation,peoplehavetocarefullyconsidertheirstatusandappearance.Theywanttosavefaceandavoidlookingstupid.Whenconfrontedwithanuncomfortablesetoffacts,thetendencyisoftentodoubledownontheircurrentpositionratherthanpubliclyadmittobeingwrong.Booksresolvethistension.Withabook,theconversationtakesplaceinsidesomeone’sheadandwithouttheriskofbeingjudgedbyothers,It’seasiertobeopen-mindedwhenyouaren’tfeelingdefensive.[O]Thereisanotherreasonbadideascontinuetoliveon,whichisthatpeoplecontinuetotalkaboutthem.Silenceisdeathforanyidea.Anideathatisneverspokenorwrittendowndieswiththepersonwhoconceivedit.Ideascanonlyberememberedwhentheyarerepeated.Theycanonlybebelievedwhentheyarerepeated,Ihavealreadypointedoutthatpeoplerepeatideastosignaltheyarepartofthesamesocialgroup.Buthere’sacrucialpointmostpeoplemiss:Peoplealsorepeatbadideaswhentheycomplainaboutthem.Beforeyoucancriticizeanidea,youhavetoreferencethatidea.Youenduprepeatingtheideasyou’rehopingpeoplewillforget—but，ofcourse,peoplecan’tforgetthembecauseyoukeeptalkingaboutthem.Themoreyourepeatabadidea,themorelikelypeoplearetobelieveit.[P]Let’scallthisphenomenonClear’sLawofRecurrence:Thenumberofpeoplewhobelieveanideaisdirectlyproportionaltothenumberoftimesithasbeenrepeatedduringthelastyear—eveniftheideaisfalse.36.Accordingtotheauthor,humanscanhardlysurviveifseparatedfromtheircommunity.37.Peopleoftenacceptfalsebeliefsbecausetheyprioritizesocialbondsratherthanfacts.38.Mostoftenpeoplelearnfromthoseclosetothem.39.Sometimespeopleadoptcertainbeliefsinordertoleaveafavorableimpressiononthosedeartothem.40.Comparedwithface-to-facecommunication,booksoftenprovideabettermediumforchangingpeople’sbeliefs.41.Onmanyoccasionsindailylife,peoplebenefitmorefromtheirsocialbondsthanfromknowingthetruth.42.Ifyouwanttochangesomebody’sbeliefs,youshouldfirstestablishsocialconnectionwiththem.43.Humanscannotsurvivewithoutafairknowledgeoftheactualworld.44.Repetitionofbadideasincreasestheirchancesofbeingaccepted.45.Nobodyiswillingtogiveuptheirbeliefsattheriskofgettingisolated.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOne8

8Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThesubjectofautomationanditsroleinoureconomyhastakenholdinAmericanpublicdiscourse.Technologybroadlyandautomationspecificallyaredramaticallyreshapingthewaywework.Andweneedtohaveaplanforwhat’sstilltocome.Wedon’thavetolookfurtherthanourowncommunitiestoseethedevastatingimpactofautomation.Fromautomatedwarehousestocashierlessgrocerystorestoneighborhoodlibrariesthatofferself-checkoutlanesinsteadofemployingrealpeople—automationisincreasinglyreplacingjobsandleavingtoofewgoodnewjobsbehind.Thestatisticsinmanufacturingarestaggering.Despitethewidespreadfearsabouttrade,arecentreportshowedthatjust13percentofjobslostinmanufacturingareduetotrade—therestofthelosseshavebeenduetoadvancesintechnology.Thatiswhymorepeoplearecriticizingtheever-increasingroleoftechnologyinoureconomy.Ourcountryismanufacturingmorethaneverbefore,butwearedoingitwithfewerworkers.Howeverit’snotjustfactoriesthatareseeinglosses-softwareandinformationtechnologyarealsohavingadramaticimpactonjobsmostpeoplethinkaresecurefromtheforcesofarapidly-changingeconomy.SomethingtransformativeishappeninginAmericathatishavinganadverseeffectonAmericanfamilies.Whetherpolicymakersandpoliticiansadmititornot,workershavemadecleartheirfeelings.abouttheireconomicinsecurityanddesiretokeepgoodjobsinAmerica.Sowhyarepeoplesoinsistentonignoringtheperilsofautomation?Theyarefailingtolookaheadatatimewhenplanningforthefutureismoreimportantthanever.Resistingautomationisfutile:itisasinevitableasindustrializationwasbeforeit.Isincerelyhopethatthosewhoassertthatautomationwillmakeusmoreeffectiveandpavethewayfornewoccupationsareright,buttherealityofautomation’sdetrimentaleffectsonworkersmakesmeskeptical.Noonecancurrentlysaywherethenewjobsarecomingfromorwhen,andanysensiblecompanyorcountryshouldprepareforallalternatives.I’mnotoverstatingthedanger:lookatwhat’shappenedtothelaborforce.Accordingtoeconomicresearch,oneinsixworking-agemen,25-54,doesn’thaveajob.Fiftyyearsago,nearly100percentofmenthatagewereworking.Women’slaborforceparticipation,meanwhile,hasslippedbacktothelevelitwasatinthelate1980s.Americanfamiliesandprominentbusinessleadersareawarethatthere’sabigproblemwithautomation.Thevalueofacollegedegreeisdiminishing,andourupwardmobilityisdeclining.Ifwewantaneconomythatallowseveryonetobeeconomicallysecure,weneedtostartthinkingabouthowwecanrightfullyaddress9

9automation.46.Whatcanweobservefromtheauthor'sdescriptionofourcommunities?A)Thegrowingpassionforautomation.B)TheshiftfrommanualjobstoITones.C)Theirchangingviewsonemployment.D)Theirfadingemploymentopportunities.47.Whatdowelearnfromarecentreport?A)Themanufacturingsectorisdecliningatafastrate.B)Theconcernsabouttheeffectoftradeareexaggerated.C)Thefearsabouttradehavebeenspreadingfarandwide.D)Theimpactoftradeonemploymenthasbeenstaggering.48.WhatdoesthepassagetellusaboutAmericanworkersinaneraoftransformation?A)Theyfeelignoredbypoliticians.B)Theyfeelincreasinglyvulnerable.C)Theykeepadaptingtothechanges.D)Theykeepcomplainingbuttonoavail.49.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofautomation?A)Itwillhavethesameimpactasindustrialization.B)Itprovidessensiblecompanieswithalternatives.C)Itsallegedpositiveeffectsaredoubtful.D)Itsdetrimentaleffectsareunavoidable.50.Whatshouldweattachimportancetowhendealingwithautomation?A)Collegegraduates’jobprospects.B)Women’saccesstoemployment.C)People’seconomicsecurity.D)People’ssocialmobilityPassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Lookatthepeoplearoundyou.Somearepassive,othersmoreaggressive.Someworkbestalone,otherscravecompanionship.Weeasilyrecognizethatthereisgreatvariationamongtheindividualswholivenearus.Yet,whenwespeakofpeoplefromelsewhere,weseemtoinevitablycharacterizethembasedontheircountryoforigin.Statisticsspecialists,whentheyspeakofnationalaverages,oftenmakethesamemistake.Newlypublishedresearchshowshowerroneoussuchoverviewsare.Threeresearchersanalyzeddecadesofvalues-basedsurveysandfoundthatonlybetween16%and21%ofthevariationinculturalvaluescouldbeexplainedbydifferences10

10betweencountries.Inotherwords,thevastmajorityofwhatmakesusculturallydistinctfromoneanotherhasnothingtodowithourhomeland.Todeterminewhatfactorsreallyareassociatedwithculture,theauthorscombineddatafrom558priorsurveysthateachmeasuredonemoreofHofstede’sculturaldimensions.Thesearetraits,suchasindividualismandmasculinity,thatdescribework-relatedculturalvalues.(Theyarenotameasureofvisibleculturaltraits,suchasfoodordress.)ThoughthevalidityofHofstede’sdimensionshasbeenquestioned,theyhavethesingularbenefitofhavingbeeninusefordecades,whichallowsforhistoricalandinternationalcomparisons.Theresearchersfoundthatbothdemographicfactors,suchasage,andenvironmentalfactors,suchaslong-termunemploymentrates,weremorecorrelatedwithculturalvaluesthannationality.Occupationandsocialeconomicstatuswerethemoststronglycorrelated,suggestingthatourvaluesaremoreeconomicallydriventhanweusuallygivethemcreditfor.Theevidenceimpliesthatpeoplewithsimilarjobsandincomesaremoreculturallyalike,regardlessofwheretheylive.VasTaras,theleadauthorofthestudy,putsitthisway:“TellmehowmuchyoumakeandIwillmakeaprettyaccuratepredictionaboutyourculturalvalues.TellmewhatyournationalityisandIprobablywillmakeawrongprediction.”Tarassaysourerroneousbeliefthatcountriesarecultureshascausedbusinessestoteachtheiremployeesuselessorevenharmfulwaysofinteractingwiththeirinternationalpeers.ChineseandAmericanlawyersmightbetrainedtointeractbasedontheassumptionthattheChinesepersonislessindividualistic,eventhoughtheirsimilarsocialeconomicsituationsmakeitprobabletheyareactuallyquitealikeinthatregard.Thecountry,astheunitofauthority,isoftenaconvenientwayofgeneralizingaboutapopulation.However,ourfocusoncountriescanmaskbroadvariationswithinthem.Inthemajorityofcaseswewouldbebetteroffidentifyingpeoplebythefactorsthatconstraintheirlives,likeincome,ratherthanbythelinessurroundingthemonamap.51.Whaterrordoexpertsoftenmakewhendescribingpeoplefromotherplaces?A)Theytendtooverlyrelyonnationality.B)Theyoftenexaggeratetheirdifferences.C)Theyoftenmisunderstandtheircultures.D)Theyendtodwellonnationalaverages.52.WhatdowelearnaboutHofstede’sculturaldimensions?A)Theyareusefulincomparingculturalvaluesacrosstimeandspace.B)Theyhavebroughtunusualbenefitstopeopleofdifferentcultures.C)Theyarewidelyusedtoidentifypeople’sindividualtraits.D)Theyprovidevaluablequestionsforresearcherstostudy.53.Whatdidresearchersfindaboutpreviousstudiesonfactorsdeterminingpeople’s11

11value?A)Environmentalfactorswereprioritizedoverotherfactors.B)Anindividual’sfinancialstatuswasoftenunderestimated.C)Toomuchemphasishadbeenplacedonone’soccupation.D)Theimpactofsocialprogressonone’svalueswasignored.54.Whatistheimpactonemployeeswhenculturesareidentifiedwithcountries?A)Theymayfailtoseetheculturalbiasesoftheirbusinesspartners.B)Theymayfailtoattachsufficientimportancetoculturaldiversity.C)Theymaynotbetaughthowtoproperlyinteractwithoverseaspartners.D)Theymaynotbeabletolearnthelegalproceduresforbusinesstransactions.55.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestattheendofthepassage?A)Thereissufficientreasontogeneralizeaboutacountry’spopulation.B)Themajorityofpeoplearestillconstrainedbytheirnationalidentity.C)Itisarguablethatthecountryshouldberegardedastheunitofauthority.D)Nationalityislessusefulthansocio-economicstatusasanindicatorofone’svalues.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.中国共产党第一次全国代表大会会址位于上海兴业路76号，是一栋典型的上海式住宅，建于1920年秋。1921年7月23日，中国共产党第一次全国代表大会在此召开，大会通过了中国共产党的第一个纲领和第一个决议，选举产生了中央领导机构，宣告了中国共产党的诞生。1952年9月，中共一大会址修复，建立纪念馆并对外开放。纪念馆除了介绍参加一大的代表之外，还介绍党的历史发展进程，现已成为了解党史、缅怀革命先烈的爱国主义教育基地。12

122021年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第2套）PartIWriting(30minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedontheshortpassagegivenbelow.Inyouressay,youaretocommentonthephenomenondescribedinthepassageandsuggestmeasurestoaddresstheissue.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.SomeparentsinChinaareoverprotectiveoftheirchildren.Theyplaneverythingfortheirchildren,makeallthedecisionsforthem,anddonotallowthemtoexploreontheirownincasetheymakemistakesorgethurt.PartIIListeningComprehension(30minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C),andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.1.A)Hewasenjoyinghisholiday.B)Hewasrecoveringinhospital.2.A)Hebrokehiswrist.C)Hewasbusywritinghisessays.D)Hewasfightingathroatinfection.C)Heslippedoniceandfell.B)Helosthisantibiotics.3.A)Turntoherfatherforhelp.B)Calltherepairshoptofixit.D)Hewaslaughedatbysomegirls.C)Askthemanufacturerforrepair.D)Replaceitwithabrand-newone.4.A)HelpDavidretrievehisessays.C)OfferDavidsomerefreshmentsB)IntroduceDavidtoherparents.D)AccompanyDavidtohishome.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustherd.5.A)Sheisacriticofworksonmilitaryaffairs.B)SheisanacclaimedhostessofBookTalk.C)Sheisaresearcherofliterarygenres.D)Sheisahistorianofmilitaryhistory.6.A)ItisaboutthemilitaryhistoryofEurope.B)Itissetinthe18thand19thcenturies.C)Itisherfifthbookofmilitaryhistory.D)Itisawarnovelsetinthefuture.7.A)Shevisitedsoldiers’wivesandmothers.1

13B)Sheconductedsurveysofmanysoldiers.C)shemetalargenumberofsoldiersinperson.D)Shelookedintothepersonallivesofsoldiers.8.A)Shedoesn’thavemuchfreedomforimagination.B)Itisnoteasytomakeherreadersbelieveinher.C)Itisdifficulttoattractyoungreaders.D)Shehastocombinefactwithfiction.SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwopassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.9.A)SantaClausB)CocoaSeedsC)ApolarbearD)Aglassbottle10.A)Toattractcustomerattention.B)Tokeepupwiththetimes.C)Tocombatcounterfeits.D)Topromoteitssales.11.A)Itresemblesapictureintheencyclopedia.B)Itappearsintheshapeofacocoaseed.C)Ithasthedrink’slogointhemiddle.D)ItdisplaystheimageofSantaClaus.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustbeard.12.A)Itoftenoccursamongcommuters.B)Itpromotesmutualunderstanding.C)Itimprovestheirmoodconsiderably.D)Ittakesagreatdealofefforttosustain.13.A)Socialanxiety.B)Excessivecaution.C)Lackofsocialskills.D)Preferenceforsolitude.14.A)Peopleusuallyregarditasanunforgettablelesson.B)Humanbrainstendtodwellonnegativeevents.C)Negativeeventsoftenhurtpeopledeeply.D)Peoplegenerallyresentbeingrejected.15.A)Contagious.B)Temporary.C)Unpredictable.D)Measurable.2

14SectionCDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreerecordingsoflecturesortalksfollowedbythreeorfourquestions.Therecordingswillbeplayedonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.16.A)Itdependsheavilyontourism.C)Itismainlybasedonagriculture.B)Itisflourishinginforeigntrade.D)Itrelieschieflyonmineralexport.17.A)Tobacco.C)Coffee.B)Bananas.D)Sugar.18.A)Theytoilonfarms.B)Theyliveapoorlife.C)TheyliveinSpanish-stylehouses.D)Theyhirepeopletodohousework.19.A)Theywillbemoredemandingoftheirnextgeneration.B)Theywillenduplonely,dependentanddissatisfied.C)Theywillexperiencemoresetbacksthansuccesses.D)Theywillfinditdifficulttogetalongwithothers.Questions19to21arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.20.A)Failuretopaydueattentiontotheirbehavior.B)Unwillingnesstoallowthemtoplaywithtoys.C)Unwillingnesstosatisfytheirwishesimmediately.D)Failuretospendsufficientqualitytimewiththem.21.A)Itwillenablethemtolearnfrommistakes.B)Itwillhelpthemtohandledisappointment.C)Itwilldomuchgoodtotheirmentalhealth.D)Itwillbuildtheirabilitytoendurehardships.Questions22to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.22.A)Failingtomakesufficientpreparations.B)Lookingawayfromthehiringmanager.C)Sayingthewrongthingatthewrongtime.D)Makingawrongjudgmentoftheinterview.23.A)Complainingabouttheirpreviousjob.B)Inquiringabouttheirsalarytobepaid.C)Exaggeratingtheiracademicbackground.D)Understandingtheirpreviousachievements.24.A)Thosewhohavebothskillandexperience.B)Thosewhogetalongwellwithcolleagues.C)Thosewhotakeinitiativeintheirwork.D)Thosewhoareloyaltotheirmanagers.25.A)Abilitytoshouldernewresponsibilities.3

15B)Experienceofperformingmultipleroles.C)Readinesstoworktoflexibleschedules.D)Skillstocommunicatewithcolleagues.PartIIIReadingComprehension(40minutes)SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Ifyouthinklifeiswonderfulandexpectittostaythatway,thenyoumayhaveagoodchanceoflivingtoaripeoldage,atleastthatiswhatthefindingsofanewstudysuggest.Thatstudyfoundthatparticipantswhoreportedthehighestlevelsofoptimismwerefarmorelikelytolivetoage85or26.Thiswascomparedtothoseparticipantswhoreportedthelowestlevelsofoptimism.Itisfindingsheldevenaftertheresearchersconsideredfactorsthatcould27thatthe28thelink,includingwhetherparticipantshadhealthconditions,suchasheartdiseaseorcancer,orwhethertheyexperienceddepression.Theresultsaddtoagrowingbodyofevidencethatcertainpsychologicalfactorsmaypredictalongerlifeexample,previousstudieshavefoundthatmoreoptimisticpeoplehavealowerriskofdevelopingchronicdiseases,andalowerriskof30death.However,thenew29.Forstudyappearstobethefirsttolongevity.Theresearchers31lookattherelationshipbetweenoptimismand32thatthelinkfoundinthenewstudywasnotasstrongwhentheyfactoredintheeffectsofcertainhealthbehaviors,includingexerciselevels,sleephabitsanddiet.Thissuggeststhatthesebehaviorsmay,atleastinpart,explainthelink.Inotherwords,optimismmayhealth.Itisalsoimportanttonotethatthestudyfoundonlyadidnotproveforcertainthatoptimismleadstoalongerlife.However,ifthefindings33goodhabitsthatbolster34,asresearchersaretrue,theysuggestthatoptimismcouldserveasapsychologicalpromoteshealthandalongerlife.35thatA)affectB)beyondC)concededD)correlationE)fosterF)henceforthG)loftyH)noteworthy4

16I)plausiblyJ)prematureK)reconciledL)spanM)specificallyN)spiralO)traitSectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.NooneinfashionissurprisedthatBurberryburnt£28millionofstock[A]Lastweek,Burberry’sannualreportrevealedthat£28.6millionworthofstockwasburntlastyear.Thenewshasleftinvestorsandconsumersoutragedbutcomesaslittlesurprisetothoseinthefashionindustry.[B]Thepracticeofdestroyingunsoldstock,andevenrollsofunusedfabric,iscommonplaceforluxurylabels.Becomingtoowidelyavailableatacheaperpricethroughdiscountstoresdiscouragesfull-pricesales.Sendingproductsforrecyclingleavesthemvulnerabletobeingstolenandsoldontheblackmarket.JasmineBina,CEOofbrandstrategyagencyConceptBureauexplains,“Typically,luxurybrandsrallyaroundexclusivitytoprotecttheirbusinessinterests,namelyintellectualpropertyandpreservationofbrandequity（资产）.”Shestatedshehadheardrumorsofstockburningbutnotspecificcasesuntilthisweek.[C]AnotherreasonforthecommonplacepracticeisafinancialincentiveforbrandsexportinggoodstoAmerica.UnitedStatesCustomsstatesthatifimportedmerchandiseisunusedanddestroyedundertheirsupervision,99%oftheduties,taxesorfeespaidonthemerchandisemayberecovered.Itisincrediblydifficulttocalculatehowmuchdeadstockcurrentlygoestowaste.Whilethereareincentivestodoit,there’snolegalobligationtoreportit.[D]Asource,whochosetoremainanonymous,sharedherexperienceworkinginaBurberrystoreinNewYorkinOctober2016.“Myjobwastotossitemsinboxessotheycouldbesenttobeburned.Itwaskillingmeinsidebecauseallthatleatherandfurwenttowasteandanimalshaddiedfornothing.Icouldn’tstaythereanylonger,theirbusinesspracticesthrewmeofftheroof.”InMaythisyear,Burberryannounceditwastakingfuroutofitscatwalkshowsandreviewingitsuseelsewhereinthebusiness.“Eventhoughweaskedthemanagement,theyrefusedtogiveusdetailed5

17answersastowhytheywoulddothiswiththeircollection,”continuedthesource,wholeftherrolewithintwoweeks.Shehassinceworkedwithanotherhigh-profile,luxurylabel.[E]Inanonlineforumpost,whichaskedifit’struethatLouisVuittonburneditsbags,AhmedBouchfaa,whoclaimedtoworkforLouisVuitton,respondedthatthebrandholdssalesofoldstockforstaffmemberstwiceayear.Itemswhichhavestillnotsoldafterseveralsalesaredestroyed.“LouisVuittondoesn’thavepublicsales.Theyeithersellaproductatagivenpriceordiscontinueit.Thisistomakesurethateverybodypaysthesamepriceforanitem,”hesays.Hegoesontodisclosethestrictguidelinesaroundtheemployeesales:“Youmaybuygiftsforsomeone,buttheytrackeachitem,andifyourgiftendsuponlinetheyknowwhotoask.”OneinvestorcommentingontheBurberryfigureswasreportedlyoutragedthattheunsoldgoodswerenotevenofferedtoinvestorsbeforetheyweredestroyed.[F]Richemont,whoownsseveralluxurybrands,hittheheadlinesinMayfortakingback£437millionofwatchesfordestructioninthelasttwoyearstoavoidmarked-downprices.It’snotjustluxurybrandseither.InOctoberlastyear,aDanishTVshowexposedH&Mforburning12tonnesofunsoldclothingsince2013.Inastatement,thehighstreetretailerdefendeditselfbysayingthattheburntclothinghadfailedsafetytests:“Theproductstowhichthemediaarereferringhavebeentestedinexternallaboratories.Thetestresultsshowthatoneoftheproductsismoldinfestedandtheotherproductcontainslevelsofleadthataretoohigh.Thoseproductshaverightlybeenstoppedinaccordancewithoursafetyroutines.”InMarch,areportrevealedthatH&Mwasstrugglingwith$4.3billionworthofunsoldstock.ThebrandtoldTheNewYorkTimesthattheplanwastoreducepricestomovethestock,arguablyencouragingconsumerstobuyandthrowawaywithlittlethought.[G]Over-productionisperhapsthebiggestconcernforBurberry.Whiletherehasbeenmuchoutrageattheelitistconnotationofburninggoodsratherthanmakingthemaffordable,executivesattheBritishfashionhousearenodoubtstrugglingtodefendhowtheymiscalculatedproduction?Thewastehasbeenputdowntoburningoldcosmeticstocktomakewayfortheirnewbeautyrange.However,whilethevalueofdestroyedstockisupfrom£26.9millionlastyear,it’sanevenmoresignificantincreasefrom2016’sfigureof£18.8million,highlightingthatthisisanongoingissue.[H]InSeptember2016,Burberryswitchedtoa“seenow,buynow”catwalkshowformat.Themovewasaswitchtoleverageonthecoverageoftheirfashionweekshowtomakestockavailableimmediatelytoconsumers.Thisisopposedtothetraditionalformatofpresentingtotheindustry,takingordersforproductionandbecomingavailableinsixmonths’time.WhileBurberryannounced“record-breaking”onlinereachandengagement,therehasbeenlittleevidencetosuggestthatthestrategyhashadasignificanteffectonsales,particularlyasthehype（炒作）slows6

18acrosstheseason.InFebruarytheymadeadjustmentstotheformat,droppingsomecatwalkitemsimmediatelyandpromisingthatotherswouldlaunchinthecomingmonths.[I]Inastatement,Burberrydeniedthatswitchingto“seenow,buynow”hashadanimpactonwaste.ABurberryspokespersonfurthersaid,“Ontheoccasionswhendisposalofproductsisnecessary,wedosoinaresponsiblemanner.Wearealwaysseekingwaystoreduceandrevalueourwaste.Thisisacorepartofourstrategyandwehaveforgedpartnershipsandcommittedsupporttoinnovativeorganizationstohelpreachthisgoal.”[J]OnesuchpartnershipiswithElvis&Kresse,anaccessoriesbrandworkingwithreclaimedmaterials.Co-founderKresseWeslingsaid,“Latelastyearwelaunchedanambitiousfive-yearpartnershipwiththeBurberryFoundation.Themainaimofthisistoscaleourleatherrescueproject,startingwithoff-cutsfromtheproductionofBurberryleathergoods.Weareworkingtirelesslytoexpandoursolutionsandwouldlovetowelcomeanyonetoourworkshoptocomeandseewhatwearedoing.”Atthemoment,thepartnershiponlyaddresseswasteattheproductionstageandnotunsoldgoods.[K]Whilethesearehonorableschemes,itmakesitharderforBurberrytodefendtheselatestfigures.Fifteenyearsago,Burberrywasatcrisispointastheirsignaturecheckpatternwaswidelyimitatedbycheap,imitationbrands.Itdeterredluxuryconsumerswhofoundtheirexpensiveclothingmorecloselyassociatedwithworking-classyouthculturethanaprestigiousheritagefashionhouse.Intheyear2004,attheheightofover-exposureoftheBurberrycheck,thebrand’sturnoverwas£715.5million.UnderChristopherBaileyascreativedirectortheyturnedthebrandaroundandthispastyearrevenuehit£2.73billion.[L]Binabelievesthatbrandsneedtoreaddresstheirexclusivitytactic.“Exclusivityisstartingtobechallenged,”shesays.“Ithinkthatgoeshandinhandwithhowluxuryitselfisbeingchallenged.Accesstofashion,andthebrandswhopoliceit,arebecominglessandlessrelevant.Thingslikehealth,enlightenment,andsocialandenvironmentalresponsibilityarethenewluxuries.Theseallcomefromwithin,notwithout.That’sthechallengethattraditionalluxurybrandswillhavetocontendwithinthemid-tolong-termfuture.”36.Burberry’sexecutivesaretryinghardtoattributetheirpracticeofdestroyingoldproductstomiscalculatedproduction.37.Sellingproductsatadiscountwilldogreaterharmtoluxurybrandsthandestroyingthem.38.ImitatedBurberryproductsdiscouragedluxuryconsumersfrombuyingitsgenuineproducts.7

1939.Staffmembersofaluxurybrandmaybuyitsoldstockatcheaperprices,buttheyarenotallowedtoresellthem.40.Infuturetraditionalluxurybrandswillhavetoadapttheirbusinessstrategiestothechangingconceptsofluxury.41.Oneluxurybrandemployeequitherjobbecauseshesimplycouldn'tbeartoseethedestructionofunsoldproducts.42.Destroyingoldstockisapracticenotjustofluxurybrandsbutoflessprestigiousfashionbrands.43.Burberryisworkingwithapartnertomakefoiluseofleathermaterialstoreducewaste.44.Burberry’splantodestroyitsunsoldproductsworthmillionsofdollarsarousedpublicindignation.45.Burberry’schangeofmarketingstrategytomakeaproductavailableassoonasconsumersseeitonthefashionshowdidnotturnouttobeaseffectiveasexpected.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Socialmediaisabsolutelyeverywhere.Billionsofpeopleusesocialmediaonadailybasistocreate,share,andexchangeideas,messages,andinformation.Bothindividualsandbusinessespostregularlytoengageandinteractwithpeoplefromaroundtheworld.Itisapowerfulcommunicationmediumthatsimultaneouslyprovidesimmediate,frequent,permanent,andwide-reachinginformationacrosstheglobe.Peopleposttheirlivesonsocialmediafortheworldtosee.Facebook,Twitter,LinkedIn,andcountlessothersocialchannelsprovideaquickandsimplewaytoglimpseintoajobcandidate’spersonallife—boththepositiveandnegativesidesofit.8

20Socialmediascreeningistemptingtouseaspartofthehiringprocess,butshouldemployersmakeuseofitwhenresearchingapotentialcandidate’sbackground?Incorporatingtheuseofsocialmediatoscreenjobcandidatesisnotanuncommonpractice.A2018surveyfoundthatalmost70%ofemployersusesocialmediatoscreencandidatesbeforehiringthem.Butthereareconsequencesandpotentiallegalrisksinvolvedtoo.Whendoneinappropriately,socialmediascreeningcanbeconsideredunethicalorevenillegal.Socialmediascreeningisessentiallyscrutinisingajobcandidate’sprivatelife.Itcanrevealinformationaboutprotectedcharacteristicslikeage,race,nationality,disability,gender,religion,etcandthatcouldbiasahiringdecision.Picturesorcommentsonaprivatepagethataretakenoutofcontextcouldruinaperfectlygoodcandidate’schancesofgettinghired.Thisprocesscouldpotentiallygiveanunfairadvantagetoonecandidateoveranother.Itcreatesanunequalplayingfieldandpotentiallyprovideshiringmanagerswithinformationthatcanimpacttheirhiringdecisioninanegativeway.It’shardtoignoresocialmediaasascreeningtool.Whiletherearethingsthatyoushouldn’tsee,therearesomethingsthatcanbelawfullyconsidered—makingitavaluablesourceofrelevantinformationtoo.Usingsocialmediascreeningappropriatelycanhelpensurethatyoudon’thireatoxicemployeewhowillcostyoumoneyorstainyourcompany’sreputation.Considerthelawfulsideofthisprocessandyoumaybeabletohirethebestemployeeever.Thereisadelicatebalance.Screeningjobcandidatesonsocialmediamustbedoneprofessionallyandresponsibly.Companiesshouldstipulatethattheywillneveraskforpasswords,beconsistent,documentdecisions,considerthesourceusedandbeawarethatotherlawsmayapply.Inlightofthisitisprobablybesttolooklaterintheprocessandaskhumanresourcesforhelpinnavigatingit.Socialmediaisheretostay.Butbeforeusingsocialmediatoscreenjobcandidates,consultingwithmanagementandlegalteamsbeforehandisessentialinordertocomplywithalllaws.46.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?A)Theadvantageofusingsocialmediainscreeningjobcandidates.B)Thepotentiallyinvasivenatureofsocialmediaineverydaylife.C)Whetherthebenefitsofsocialmediaoutweighthedrawbacks.D)Whethersocialmediashouldbeusedtoscreenjobcandidates.47.Whatmighthappenwhensocialmediaisusedtoscreenjobcandidates?A)Moralorlegalissuesmightarise.B)Companyreputationmightsuffer.9

21C)Sensationalinformationmightsurface.D)Hiringdecisionsmightbecomplicated.48.Whencouldonlinepersonalinformationbedetrimentaltocandidates?A)Whenitisseparatedfromcontext.B)Whenitisscrutinisedbyanemployer.C)Whenitismagnifiedtoaruinousdegree.D)Whenitisrevealedtothehumanresources.49.Howcanemployersusesocialmediainformationtotheiradvantagewhileavoidingunnecessaryrisks?A)Bytippingthedelicatebalance.B)Byusingitinalegitimateway.C)Bykeepingpersonalinformationonrecord.D)Byseparatingrelevantfromirrelevantdata.50.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestdoingbeforescreeningjobcandidatesonsocialmedia?A)Hiringprofessionalstonavigatethewholeprocess.B)Anticipatingpotentialrisksinvolvedintheprocess.C)Seekingadvicefrommanagementandlegalexperts.D)Stipulatingasetofrulesforaskingspecificquestions.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedontheflowingpassage.Inrecentyears,thefoodindustryhasincreaseditsuseoflabels.Whetherthelabelssay‘non-GMO(非转基因的)’or‘nosugar’,or‘zerocarbohydrates’,consumersareincreasinglydemandingmoreinformationaboutwhat’sintheirfood.Onereportfoundthat39percentofconsumerswouldswitchfromthebrandstheycurrentlybuytoothersthatprovideclearer,moreaccurateproductinformation.Foodmanufacturersarerespondingtothereportwithnewlabelstomeetthatdemand,andthey’redoingsowithaneyetowardsgivingtheirproductsanadvantageoverthecompetition,andbolsteringprofits.Thisstrategymakesintuitivesense.Ifconsumerssaytheywanttransparency,tellthemexactlywhatisinyourproduct.Thatissimplysupplyingacertaindemand.Butthemarketingstrategyinresponsetothisconsumerdemandhasgonebeyondarticulatingwhatisinaproduct,tolabelingwhatisNOTinthefood.Theselabelsareknownas“absenceclaims”labels,andtheyrepresentaemerginglabelingtendthatisdetrimentalbothtotheconsumerswhopurchasetheproductsandtheindustrythatsuppliesthem.10

22Forexample,Hun’sputa“non-GMO”labelonitscannedcrushedtomatoesafewyearsago—despitethefactthatatthetimetherewasnosuchthingasaGMOtomatoonthemarket.Somedairycompaniesareusingthe“non-GMO”labelontheirmilk,despitethefactthatallmilkisnaturallyGMO-free,anotherlabelthatcreatesunnecessaryfeararoundfood.Whilecreatinglabelsthatplayonconsumerfearsandmisconceptionsabouttheirfoodmaygiveacompanyatemporarymarketingadvantageovercompetingproductsonthegroceryaisle,inthelongtermthisstrategywillhavejusttheoppositeeffect:byinjectingfearintothediscourseaboutourfood,weruntheriskoferodingconsumertrustinnotjustasingleproduct,buttheentirefoodbusiness.Eventually,itbecomesaquestioninconsumers’minds:Werethesefoodseversafe?Bypurchasingandconsumingthesetypesofproducts,haveIalreadydonesomekindofharmtomyfamilyortheplanet?Forfoodmanufacturers,itwillmeandamagedconsumertrustandlowersalesforeveryone.Andthisisn’tjustsupposition.Arecentstudyfoundthatabsenceclaimslabelscancreateastigmaaroundfoodsevenwhenthereisnoscientificevidencethattheycauseharm.Ir’sclearthatfoodmanufacturersmusttreadcarefullywhenitcomestousingabsenceclaims.Inadditiontothelikelynegativelong-termimpactonsales,thisverbaltricksendsamessagethatinnovationsinfarmingandfoodprocessingareunwelcome,eventuallyleadingtolessefficiency,fewerchoicesforconsumers,andultimately,morecostlyfoodproducts.Ifweallowthiskindoflabelingtocontinue,wewillalllose.51.Whattrendhasbeenobservedinareport?A)Foodmanufacturers’risingawarenessofproductsafety.B)Foodmanufacturers’changingstrategiestobolsterprofits.C)Consumers’growingdemandforeye-catchingfoodlabels.D)Consumers’increasingdesireforclearproductinformation.52.Whatdoestheauthorsayismanufacturers’newmarketingstrategy?A)Stressingtheabsenceofcertainelementsintheirproducts.B)Articulatingtheuniquenutritionalvalueoftheirproducts.C)Supplyingdetailedinformationoftheirproducts.11

23D)Designingtransparentlabelsfortheirproducts.53.Whatpointdoestheauthormakeaboutnon-GMOlabels?A)Theyareincreasinglyattractingcustomers’attention.B)TheycreatelotsoftroubleforGMOfoodproducers.C)Theyshouldbeusedmoreforvegetablesandmilk.D)Theycauseanxietyaboutfoodamongconsumers.54.Whatdoestheauthorsayabsenceclaimslabelswilldotofoodmanufacturers?A)Causechangesintheirmarketingstrategies.B)Helpremovestigmaaroundtheirproducts.C)Erodeconsumertrustandreducesales.D)Decreasesupportfromfoodscientists.55.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestfoodmanufacturersdo?A)Takemeasurestolowerthecostoffoodproducts.B)Exercisecautionabouttheuseofabsenceclaims.C)Welcomenewinnovationsinfoodprocessing.D)Promoteefficiencyandincreasefoodvariety.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.井冈山地处湖南江西两省交界处，因其辉煌的革命历史被誉为“中国革命红色摇篮”。1927年10月，毛泽东、朱德等老一辈革命家率领中国工农红军来到这里，开展了艰苦卓绝的斗争，创建了第一个农村革命根据地，点燃了中国革命的星星之火，开辟了“农村包围(besiege)城市，武装夺取政权”这一具有中国特色的革命道路，中国革命从这里迈向胜利。井冈山现有100多处革命旧址，成为一个“没有围墙的革命历史博物馆”，是爱国主义和革命传统教育的重要基地。12

242021年12月大学英语六级考试真题（第3套）PartIWriting(30minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessaybasedontheshortpassagegivenbelow.Inyouressay,youaretocommentonthephenomenondescribedinthepassageandsuggestmeasurestoaddresstheissue.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.Youngpeoplespendalotoftimeontheinternet.However,theyaresometimesunabletorecognizefalseinformationontheinternet,judgethereliabilityofonlineinformationsources,ortellrealnewsstoriesfromfakeones.PartII（略）ListeningComprehensionReadingComprehension(30minutes)(40minutes)PartIIISectionA（略）SectionBDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.Domusiclessonsreallymakechildrensmarter?[A]Arecentanalysisfoundthatmostresearchmischaracterizestherelationshipbetweenmusicandskillsenhancement.[B]In2004,apaperappearedinthejournalPsychologicalScience,titled“MusicLessonsEnhanceIQ.”Theauthor;composerandpsychologistGlennSchellenberghadconductedanexperimentwith144childrenrandomlyassignedtofourgroups:onelearnedthekeyboardforayear,onetooksinginglessons,onejoinedanactingclass,andacontrolgrouphadnoextracurriculartraining.TheIQofthechildreninthetwomusicalgroupsrosebyanaverageofsevenpointsinthecourseofayear;thoseintheother.twogroupsgainedanaverageof4.3points.[C]Schellenberghad1ongbeenskepticalofthesciencesupportingclaimshatmusiceducationenhanceschildren’sabstractreasoning,math,orlanguagesills.Ifchildrenwhoplaythepianoaresmarter,hesays,itdoesn’tnecessarilymeantheyaresmarterbecausetheyplaythepiano.Itcouldbethattheyoungsterswhoplaythepianoalso1

25happentobemoreambitiousorbetteratfocusingonatask.Correlation,afterall,doesnotprovecausation.[D]The2004paperwasspecificallydesignedtoaddressthoseconcerns.Andasapassionatemusician,Schellenbergwasdelightedwhenheturnedupcredibleevidencethatmusichastransfereffectsongeneralintelligence.Butnearlyadecadelater,in2013,theEducationEndowmentFoundationfundedabiggerstudywithmorethan900students.ThatstudyfailedtoconfirmSchellenberg’sfindings,producingnoevidencethatmusiclessonsimprovedmathandliteracyskills.[E]Schellenbergtookthatnewsinstridewhilecontinuingtocastaskepticaleyeontheresearchinhisfield,Recently,hedecidedtoformallyinvestigatejusthowoftenhisfellowresearchersinpsychologyandneurosciencemakewhathebelievesareerroneous—oratleastpremature—causalconnectionsbetweenmusicandintelligence.Hisresults,publishedinMay,suggesthatmanyofhispeersdojustthat.[F]Forhisrecentstudy,Schellenbergaskedtworesearchassistantstolookforcorrelationalstudiesontheeffectsofmusiceducation.Theyfoundatotalof114paperspublishedsince2000.Toassesswhethertheauthorsclaimedanycausation,researchersthenlookedfortelltaleverbsineachpaper’stitleandabstract,verbslike“enhance”,“promote”,“facilitate”,and“strengthen”.Thepaperswerecategorizedasneuroscienceifthestudyemployedabrainimagingmethodlikemagneticresonance,orifthestudyappearedinajournalthathad“brain”,“neuroscience”,orarelatedterminitstitle.Otherwisethepaperswerecategorizedaspsychology.Schellenbergdidn’ttellhisassistantswhatexactlyhewastryingtoprove.[G]Aftercomputingtheirassessments,Schellenbergconcludedthatthemajorityofthearticleserroneouslyclaimedthatmusictraininghadacausaleffect.Theoverselling,healsofound,wasmoreprevalentamongneurosciencestudies,threequartersofwhichmischaracterizedamereassociationbetweenmusictrainingandskillsenhancementasacause-and-effectrelationship.Thismaycomeasasurprisetosome.Psychologistshavebeenbattlingchargesthattheydon’tdo“real”scienceforsometime—inlargepartbecausemanyfindingsfromclassicexperimentshaveprovedunreproducible.Neuroscientists,ontheotherhand,armedwithbrainscansandEEGs(脑电图),havenotbeensubjecttothesamedegreeofcritique.[H]Toargueforacause-and-effectrelationship,scientistsmustattempttoexplainwhyandhowaconnectioncouldoccur.Whenitcomestotransfereffectsofmusic,scientistsfrequentlypointtobrainplasticity—thefactthatthebrainchangesaccordingtohowweuseit.Whenachildlearnstoplaytheviolin,forexample,severalstudieshaveshownthatthebrainregionresponsibleforthefinemotorskillsofthelefthand’sfingersislikelytogrow.Andmanyexperimentshaveshownthatmusicaltrainingimprovescertainhearingcapabilities,likefilteringvoicesfrombackgroundnoiseordistinguishingthedifferencebetweentheconsonants(辅音)‘b’and‘g’.[I]ButSchellenbergremainshighlycriticalofhowtheconceptofplasticityhasbeenappliedinhisfield.“Plasticityhasbecomeanindustryofitsown,”hewroteinhisMaypaper.Practicedoeschangethebrain,heallows,butwhatisquestionableistheassertionthatthesechangesaffectotherbrainregions,suchasthoseresponsiblefor2

26spatialreasoningormathproblems.[J]NeuropsychologistLutzJänckeagrees.“Mostofthesestudiesdon’tallowforcausalinferences,”hesaid.Forovertwodecades,Jänckehasresearchedtheeffectsofmusiclessons,andlikeSchellenberg,hebelievesthattheonlywaytotrulyunderstandtheireffectsistorunlongitudinalstudies.Insuchstudies,researcherswouldneedtofollowgroupsofchildrenwithandwithoutmusiclessonsoveralongperiodoftime—eveniftheassignmentsarenotcompletelyrandom.Thentheycouldcompareoutcomesforeachgroup.[K]Someresearchersarestaringtodojustthat.TheneuroscientistPeterSchneiderfromHeidelbergUniversityinGermany,forexample,hasbeenfollowingagroupofchildrenfortenyearsnow.Someofthemwerehandedmusicalinstrumentsandgivenlessonsthroughaschool-basedprogramintheRuhrregionofGermanycalledJedemKindeinInstrument,or“aninstrumentforeverychild,”whichwascarriedoutwithgovernmentfunding.Amongthesechildren,Schneiderhasfoundthatthosewhowereenthusiasticaboutmusicandwhopracticedvoluntarilyshowedimprovementsinhearingability,aswellasinmoregeneralcompetencies,suchastheabilitytoconcentrate.[L]Toestablishwhethereffectssuchasimprovedconcentrationarecausedbymusicparticipationitself,andnotbyinvestingtimeinanextracurricularactivityofanykind,AssalHabibi,apsychologyprofessoratthesUniversityofSouthernCalifornia,isconducingafive-yearlongitudinalstudywithchildrenfromlow-incomecommunitiesinLosAngeles.Theyoungstersfallintothreegroups:thosewhotakeafterschoolmusic,thosewhodoafter-schoolsports,andthosewithnostructuredafter-schoolprogramatall.Aftertwoyears,Habibiandhercolleaguesreportedseeingstructuralchangesinthebrainsofthemusicallytrainedchildren,bothlocallyandinthepathwaysconnectingdifferentpartsofthebrain.[M]Thatmayseemcompelling,butHabibi’schildrenwerenotselectedrandomly.Didthechildrenwhoweredrawntomusicperhapshavesomethinginthemfromthestartthatmadethemdifferentbuteludedthebrainscanners?“Assomebodywhostartedtakingpianolessonsattheageoffiveandgotupeverymorningatseventopractice,thatexperiencechangedmeandmademepartofwhoIamtoday,”Schellenbergsaid.“Thequestioniswhetherthosekindsofexperiencesdososystematicallyacrossindividualsandcreateexactlythesamechanges.AndIthinkthatisthathugeleapoffaith.”[N]Didhehaveahiddentalentthatothersdidn’thave?Ormoreendurancethanhispeers?Musicresearcherstend,likeSchellenberg,tobemusiciansthemselves,andashenotedinhisrecentpaper,“theideaofpositivecognitiveandneuralsideeffectsfrommusictraining(andotherpleasurableactivities)isinherentlyappealing.”Healsoadmitsthatifhehadchildrenofhisown,hewouldencouragethemtotakemusiclessonsandgotouniversity.“Iwouldthinkthatitmakesthembetterpeople,morecritical,justwiseringeneral,”hesaid.[O]Butthoseconvictionsshouldbecheckedattheentrancetothelab,headded.Otherwise,theworkbecomesreligionorfaith.“Youhavetoletgoofyourfaithifyouwanttobeascientist.”3

2736.GlennSchellenberg’slatestresearchsuggestsmanypsychologistsandneuroscientistswronglybelieveinthecausalrelationshipbetweenmusicandIQ.37.Thebeliefinthepositiveeffectsofmusictrainingappealstomanyresearcherswhoaremusiciansthemselves.38.GlennSchellenbergwasdoubtfulabouttheclaimthatmusiceducationhelpsenhancechildren’sintelligence.39.GlennSchellenbergcametotheconclusionthatmostofthepapersassessedmadethewrongclaimregardingmusic’seffectonintelligence.40.Youmustabandonyourunverifiedbeliefsbeforeyoubecomeascientist.41.Lotsofexperimentshavedemonstratedthatpeoplewithmusictrainingcanbetterdifferentiatecertainsounds.42.GlennSchellenberg’sfindingsatthebeginningofthiscenturywerenotsupportedbyalargerstudycarriedoutsometenyearslater.43.OneresearchersharesGlennSchellenberg’sviewthatitisnecessarytoconductlong-termdevelopmentalstudiestounderstandtheeffectsofmusictraining.44.GlennSchellenberg’sresearchassistantshadnoideawhathewastryingtoproveinhisnewstudy.45.GlennSchellenbergadmitsthatpracticecanchangecertainareasofthebrainbutdoubtsthatthechangecanaffectotherareas.SectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.PassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.ThetrendtowardrationalityandenlightenmentwasendangeredlongbeforetheadventoftheWorldWideWeb.AsNeilPostmannotedinhis1985bookAmusingOurselvestoDeath,theriseoftelevisionintroducednotjustanewmediumhutanewdiscourse:agradualshiftfromatypographic(印刷的)culturetoaphotographicone,whichinturnmeantashiftfromrationalitytoemotions,expositiontoentertainment.Inanimage-centeredandpleasure-drivenworld,Postmannoted,thereisnoplaceforrationalthinking,becauseyousimplycannotthinkwithimages.Itistextthatenablesusto“uncoverlies,confusionsandovergeneralizations,andtodetectabusesoflogicandcommonsense.Italsomeanstoweighideas,tocompareandcontrastassertions,toconnectonegeneralizationtoanother.”Thedominanceoftelevisionwasnotconfinedtoourlivingrooms.Itoverturnedallofthosehabitsofmind,fundamentallychangingourexperienceoftheworld,affectingtheconstructivelyandtactfully,exactlyhowtheirinflatedsenseof4

28deservingnessissomewhatdistorted.They’dthengofurthertoexplainthespecific,andobjective,criteriatheemployeemustmeettoreceivetheirdesiredrewards.Thisshiftawayfromunrealisticexpectationsissuccessfulbecauseentitledemployeesfeelmoreconfidentthatethicalleaderswilldeliverontheirpromises.Thisoccursbecausethey’reperceivedtobefairandtrustworthy.Theresearchers,however,exercisecautionbywarningnoonesingleresponseintheperfectremedy.Butthere’snodenyingethicalleadershipisatleastacriticalstepintherightdirection.51.Whatdoesarecentstudyfindaboutagrowingnumberofworkers?A)Theyattempttomakemorecontributions.B)Theyfeeltheydeservemotethantheyget.C)Theyattachimportancetojobsatisfaction.D)Theytrytodiminishworkplacedysfunction.52.Whydon’tsomeemployeesworkhardaccordingtomanyscholars?A)Theylackastrongsenseofself-worth.B)Theywerespoiledwhengrowingup.C)Theyhavereceivedunfairtreatment.D)Theyareoverindulgedbytheirboss.53.Whatisamanagersupposedtodotoenableworkerstodoabetterjob?A)Beawareoftheiremotions.B)Givethemtimelypromotions.C)Keeparecordoftheirperformance.D)Seekwaystosustaintheirmotivation.54.Whatdotheresearchfindingsrevealaboutethicalleaders?A)Theyareheldaccountablebytheiremployees.B)Theyarealwaystransparentintheirlikesanddislikes.C)Theyconveytheirrequirementsinastraightforwardway.D)Theymakeitapointtobeongoodtermwiththeiremployees.55.Whatkindofleadersareviewedasethicalbyentitledemployees?A)Thosewhocanbecountedontofulfillcommitments.B)Thosewhocandothingsbeyondnormalexpectations.C)Thosewhoexercisecautioninmakingmajordecisions.D)Thosewhoknowhowtosatisfytheiremployees’needs.49.WhatdoesthepassagesayabouttheWorldWideWeb?A)Itwasdevelopedprimarilyforuniversitiesworldwide.B)Itwascreatedtoconnectpeopleindifferentcountries.C)Itwasviewedasameanstoquestforknowledge.D)Itwasdesignedasadiscussionforumforuniversitystudents.50.Whatdowelearnaboutusersofsocialmedia?5

29A)Theyarebentonlookingforanalternativespaceforescape.B)Theyareconstantlyseekingapprovalfromtheiraudience.C)Theyareforeverengagedinhuntingfornewinformation.D)Theyareunabletofocustheirattentionontasksforlong.PassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Accordingtoarecentstudy,asmallbutgrowingproportionoftheworkforceisaffectedtosomedegreebyasenseofentitlement.Workislessaboutwhattheycancontributebutmoreaboutwhattheycantake.Itcanleadtoworkplacedysfunctionanddiminishtheirownjobsatisfaction.I’mnotreferringtoemployeeswhoarelegitimatelydissatisfiedwiththeiremploymentconditionsdueto,say,beingdeniedfairpayorflexibleworkpractices.I’mtalkingaboutthosewhoconsistentlybelievetheydeservespecialtreatmentandgenerousrewards.It’sanexpectationthatexistsirrespectiveoftheirabilitiesorlevelsofperformance.Asaresultofthatdiscrepancybetweentheprivilegestheyfeelthey’reowedandtheirinflatedsenseofself-worth,theydon’tworkashardfortheiremployer.Theypreferinsteadtoslackoff.It’satendencywhichmanyscholarsbelievebeginsinchildhoodduetoparentswhooverindulgetheirkids.Thistherebyleadsthemtoexpectthesamekindofspoilttreatmentthroughouttheiradultlives.Andyetdespitehowtheseemployeesfeel,it’sobviouslyimportantfortheirmanagertononethelessfindouthowtokeepthemmotivated.And,byvirtueofthatheightenedmotivation,toperformwell.TheresearchteamfromseveralAmericanuniversitiessurveyedmorethan240individuals.Theysampledmanagersaswellasteammembers.Employeeentitlementwasmeasuredbystatementssuchas“IhonestlyfeelI’mjustmoredeservingthanothers”.Therespondentshadtoratetheextentoftheiragreement.Employeeengagement,meanwhile,wasassessedwithstatementslike“Ireallythrowmyselfintomywork.”Thefindingsrevealedethicalleadershipispreciselywhatalleviatesthenegativeeffectsofemployeeentitlement.That’sbecauseratherthanindulgingemployeesorneglectingthem,ethicalleaderscommunicateverydirectandclearexpectations.Theyalsoholdemployeesaccountablefortheirbehaviorsandaregenuinelycommittedtodoingtherightthing.Additionally,theseleadersareconsistentintheirstandards.They’realsolesslikelytodeviateinhowtheytreatemployees.Thismeans,whenconfrontedbyanentitledteammember,anethicalleaderissignificantlydisinclinedtoaccommodatetheirdemands.Heorshewillinsteadpointout,conductofpolitics,religion,business,andculture.Itreducedmanyaspectsofmodernlifetoentertainment,sensationalism,andcommerce.“Americansdon’ttalktoeachother,weentertaineachother,”Postmanwrote.“Theydon’texchangeideas,theyexchangeimages.Theydonotarguewithpropositions,theyarguewithgoodlooks,celebritiesandcommercials.”Atfirst,thewebseemedtopushagainstthisrend.Whenitemergedtowardsthe6

30endofthe1980sasapurelytext-based,itwasseenasatooltopursueknowledge,notpleasure.Reasonandthoughtweremostvaluedinthisgarden—allderivedfromtheprojectoftheEnlightenment.Universitiesaroundtheworldwereamongthefirsttoconnecttothisnewmedium,whichhosteddiscussiongroups,informativepersonalorgroupblogs,electronicmagazines,andacademicmailinglistsandforums.Itwasanintellectualproject,notaboutcommerceorcontrol,createdinascientificresearchcenterinSwitzerland.Andformorethanadecade,thewebcreatedanalternativespacethatthreatenedtelevision’sgriponsociety.Socialnetworks,though,havesincecolonizedthewebfortelevision’svalues.FromFacebooktoInstagram,themediumrefocusesourattentiononvideosandimages,rewardingemotionalappeals—‘like’buttons—overrationalones.Insteadofaquestforknowledge,itengagesusinanendlesszest(热情)forinstantapprovalfromanaudience,forwhichweareconstantlybutunconsciouslyperforming.(It’stellingthat,whileGooglebeganlifeasaPhDthesis,Facebookstartedasatooltojudgeclassmates’appearances.)Itreducesourcuriositybyshowingusexactlywhatwealreadywantandthink,basedonourprofilesandpreferences.TheEnlightenment’smotto(座右铭)of‘Daretoknow’hasbecome‘Darenottocaretoknow’.46.WhatdidNeilPostmansayabouttheriseoftelevision?A)Itinitiatedachangefromdominanceofreasontosupremacyofpleasure.B)Itbroughtaboutagradualshiftfromcinemagoing1ohomeentertainment.C)Itstartedarevolutioninphotographictechnology.D)Itmarkedanewageintheentertainmentindustry.47.Accordingtothepassage,whatistheadvantageoftextreading?A)Itgivesoneacestohugeamountsofinformation.B)Itallowsmoreinformationtobeprocessedquickly.C)Itiscapableofenrichingone’slife.D)Itisconducivetocriticalthinking.48.HowhastelevisionimpactedAmericans?A)Ithasgiventhemalotmoretoargueabout.B)Ithasbroughtcelebritiesclosertotheirlives.C)Ithasmadethemcaremoreaboutwhattheysay.D)Ithasrenderedtheirinteractionsmoresuperficial.PartⅣTranslation(30minutes)Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.YoushouldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.延安位于陕西省北部，地处黄河中游，是中国革命的圣地。毛泽东等老一辈革命家曾在这里生活战斗了十三个春秋，领导了抗日战争和解放战争，培育了延安精神，为中国革命做出了巨大贡献。延安的革命旧址全国数量最大、分布最广、7

31级别最高。延安是全国爱国主义、革命传统和延安精神教育基地。延安有9个革命纪念馆，珍藏着中共中央和老一辈革命家在延安时期留存下来的大量重要物品，因此享有“中国革命博物馆城”的美誉。8

322021年12月英语六级考试参考答案01写作部分（共3套）第一套HowtodealwithfakenewsontheInternet?Asisshowninthepassage,manyyoungpeopletendtoreceiveandbelievewhattheygetfromthemediaandthenreacttoitdirectly,whileunabletorecognizefalseinformationontheInternetandtellrealnewsstoriesfromfakeones.ThereasonsforthisphenomenonaretheconvenientaccesstotheInternetanditsrichresources.However,weshouldnottrusttheinformationontheInterneteasilyforthefollowingtworeasons.Foronething,onlineinformation,whichisjusttoimpressandcatchattention,couldbefictitious,soitisratherdifficulttodistinguishtheusefulandreliableinformationfromthefake.Thusitishardtoensurethecorrectnessoftheanswer.Foranother,reportsonlinecouldbeone-sided.Thatistosay,theyareprovidingincompleteinformationandseeingthingsfromoneangle,sopeoplewillhaveasuperficialknowledgeofsomequestionsandmayformanindiscreetattitude.Inmyopinion,wecaneasilyfindthatonlyusetheinformationontheInternetwisely,canwegainaccesstoinformationmoreefficiently,accuratelyandthoroughly.第二套Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayrelatedtotheshortpassagegivenbelow.Inyouressay,youaretocommentonthephenomenondescribedinthepassageandsuggestmeasurestoaddresstheissue.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.范文：Nowadaysstarchasingisprevalentamongmanyteenagers.Theytakepopstarsastheiridols,imitatingtheirwayoftalking,followingtheirstyleofdressing,andseekingeverychancetomeettheminpersonatgreatexpenses.Nowadays,starchasinghasbeenidentifiedasapopularphenomenonamongtheyoungwhotendtoworshipstarsintheentertainmentcircle.Theidolinfluenceisstrongbecauseteenagerscangettorelax,escapepressureandavoidthestressesoftheireverydaylives.Butthereisalsoanunhealthypursuitofstarsoridolsthatcantakeahugetollonfamilies,individuals,societyandthestarsthemselves,sayexperts.Oneofthemostalarmingaffectsofcelebrityworshipiswhatimpactitcanhaveonchildren.

33Soit’surgentthatcertainmeasuresmustbetakentoaddressthisissue.Foronething,positiveandinfluentialparentingtechniquescanbeadoptedtoavoidobsessivebehaviorofteenagers.Parentscanencouragetheirkidstogetinvolvedinschoolactivitiesorvolunteerwork.Foranother,popstarsmustimprovethequalityandregulatewordsandactionssoastoprovidepositiveguidancefortheirfollowersandsetagoodexampleforteenagers.AsfarasI’mconcerned,whatyoungpeopleshouldpayattentionistobalanceidolatrywithreality.Insteadofjustappreciatingthestars’appearanceorperformance,theyshouldlearntoexploretherealfactorsofthestars’successandstrivetogetself-improvementtoachieveideals.第三套SomeparentsinChinaareoverprotectiveoftheirchildren.Theyplaneverythingfortheirchildren,makeallthedecisionsforthem,anddonotallowthemtoexploreontheirownincasetheymakemistakesorgethurt.HowtoCultivateIndependentChildrenWhenitcomesthewayofhowparentscultivatetheirchildren,differentpeoplehavedifferentthingstosay.Somepeopleholdthatchildrenarethehopeofeveryfamilywhoneedtobeprotectedfromallkindsofdanger.Anumberofpeople,ontheotherhand,claimthatparentsshouldfocusontheimportanceofcultivatingchildren’sindependence.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iaminfavorofthelatteropinion.Tobeginwith,parentsshouldattachgreatimportanceincultivatingchildren’sabilitytodealwiththedifficultiestheyencounteredindailylifebythemselves.Secondly,inordertogetridofbeingcowardly,parentscanencouragetheirchildrentoparticipateinsomeactivitiesthatarebeneficialtostrengthentheirguts.Lastbutnotleast,it’sindispensableforparentstolistentochildren’sopinionsratherthanarrangingallforthem.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayreasonablyarriveattheconclusionthateffectivemeasuresshouldbetakenbyparentstosteertheirchildrentowardincreasedindependence.·02听力部分（共两套）第一套1、A)Hewasenjoyinghisholiday.2.C)Heslippedoniceandfell.3.B)Calltherepairshoptofixit.4、C)OfferDavidsomerefreshments.5.D)Sheisahistorianofmilitaryhistory.6.D)ltisawarnovelsetinthefuture.7.D)shelookedintothepersonlivesofsoldiers.

348.A)Shedesn'thavemuchfreedomforimagination.9.D)Aglassbottle.10.C)Tocombatcounterfeits.11.B)Itappearsintheshapeofacocoaseed.12.C)Itimprovestheirmoodconsiderably13.A)Socialanxiety.14.B)Humanbrainstendtodwellonnegativeevents.15.A)Contagious.16.C）Itismainlybasedonagriculture.17.D)Sugar.18.B)Theyliveapoorlife.19.B)Theywillenduplonely,dependentanddissatisfied.20.D)Failuretospendsufficientqualitytimewiththem.21.B)Itwillhelpthemtohandledisappointment.22.C)Sayingthewrongthingatthewrongtime.23.A)Complainingabouttheirpreviousjob.24.C)Thosewhotakeinitiativeintheirwork.25.A)Abilitytoshouldernewresponsibilities.第二套1.A)Ithasgivenrisetomuchcontroversy.2.B)Shetriestoforcepeopletoacceptherradicalideas.3.D)Theyaremodest.4.A)Itwouldhelptoprotecttheenvironment.5.D)Whatmakespeoplesuccessful.6.A)Havingsomeonewhohasconfidenceinthem.7.C)Theystaypositive.8.D)Highlycooperativeteammates.9.C)Theyhavebigeyesanddistinctivevisualcenters.10.B)Bymeansofecholocation.11.B)Toadaptthemselvestoaparticularlifestyle.12.C)Theybecomemoreemotionallyaggressive.13.D)Theylackthecognitiveandmemoryskills.14.B)Helptheirchildrenunderstandtheprogram'splot.15.A)Explainitsmessagetotheirchildren.16.C)Theybelievealittledirtharmsnoone.17.D)Alargenumberofbacteriacollectedonasingleshoe.18.A)Thechemicalsonshoescandeteriorateairquality.19.D)Itisaviolationoffaithandtrust.20.C)Acceptthemasnormal.21.A)Trytounderstandwhatmessagestheyconvey.22.A)Cultivationofnewvarietiesofcrops.23.D)Theimprovementofagriculturalinfrastructure.

3524.C)Forturningtheirfocustotheneedsoffarmersinpoorercountries.25.B)Substantialfundinginagriculturalresearch.·03阅读部分（共3套）词汇理解（1）文章开头开头：Ifyouthinklifeiswonderfulandexpectittostay...（2）答案【答案速查】26-30BHALJ31-35MCEDO26.B)beyond27.H)noteworthy28.A)affect29.L)span30.J)premature31.M)specifically32.C)conceded33.E)foster34.D)correlation35.O)trait长篇阅读（1）文章标题标题：NooneinfashionissurprisedthatBarberryburnt£28millionofstock（2）答案速查36-40GBKEL41-45DFJAH（3）题干、答案和定位处信息匹配第三套：36.Burberry’sexecutivesaretryinghardtoattributetheirpracticeofdestroyingoldproductstomiscalculatedproduction.36.G【定位】…,executivesattheBritishfashionhousearenodoubtstrugglingtodefendhowtheymiscalculatedproduction.Thewastehasbeenputdowntoburningoldcosmeticstocktomakewayfortheirnewbeautyrange.37.Sellingproductsatadiscountwilldogreaterharmtoluxurybrandsthandestroyingthem.37.B【定位】Becomingtoowidelyavailableatacheaperpricethroughdiscountstoresdiscouragesfull-pricesales.38.ImitatedBurberryproductsdiscouragedluxuryconsumersfrombuyingitsgenuineproducts.

3638.K【定位】Itdeferredluxuryconsumerswhofoundtheirexpensiveclothingmorecloselyassociatedwithworking-classyouthculturethanprestigiousheritagefashionhouse.39.Staffmembersofaluxurybrandmaybuyitsoldstockatcheaperprices,buttheyarenotallowedtoresellthem.39.E【定位】Thebrandholdssalesofoldstockforstaffmemberstwiceayear.…buttheytrackeachitems,andifyourgiftendsuponlinetheyknowwhotoask40.Infuturetraditionalluxurybrandswillhavetoadapttheirbusinessstrategiestothechangingconceptsofluxury.40.L【定位】Thingslikehealth,enlightenment,responsibilityarethenewluxuries.41.Oneluxurybrandemployeequitherjobbecauseshesimplycouldn'tbeartoseethedestructionofunsoldproducts.41.D【定位】"Myjobwastotossitemsinboxessotheycouldbesenttobeburned.Itwaskillingmeinsidebecauseallthatleatherandfurwenttowasteandanimalshaddiedfornothing.Icouldn'tstaythereanylonger,theirbusinesspracticesthrewmeofftheroof."42.Destroyingoldstockisapracticenotjustofluxurybrandsbutoflessprestigiousfashionbrands.42.F【定位】It’snotonlyjustluxurybrandseither.43.Burberryisworkingwithapartnertomakefulluseofleathermaterialstoreducewaste.43.J【定位】Latelastyearwelaunchedanambitiousfive-yearpartnershipwiththeBurberryfoundation.Themainaimofthisistoscaleourleatherrescueproject.44.Burberry’splantodestroyitsunsoldproductsworthmillionsofdollarsaroundpublicindignation.44.A【定位】lastweek,Burberry’sannualreportrevealedthat£28.6millionworthofstockswasburntlastyear.45.Burberry’schangeofmarketingstrategytomakeaproductavailableassoonasconsumersseeitonthefashionshowdidnotturnouttobeaseffectiveasexpected.45.H【定位】whileBurberryannounced“record–breaking”onlinereachandengagement,therehasbeenlittleevidencetosuggestthatthisstrategyhashadasignificanteffectonsales.PassageOne（1）文章开头Socialmediaisabsolutelyeverywhere.（2）答案【答案速查】46-50DAABC（3）试题、选项及定位：46.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?D)Whethersocialmediashouldbeusedtoscreenjobcandidate.

3747.Whatmighthappenwhensocialmediaisusedtoscreenjobcandidate?A)Moralorlegalissuesmightarise.48.Whencouldonlinepersonalinformationbedetrimentaltocandidate?A)Whenitisseparatedfromcontext.49.Howcanemployersusesocialmediainformationtotheiradvantagewhileavoidingunnecessaryrisks?B)Byusingitinalegitimateway.50.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestdoingbeforescreeningjobcandidatesonsocialmedia?C)Seekingadvicefrommanagementandlegalexperts.PassageTwo文章开头：Inrecentyears,thefoodindustryhasincreaseditsuseoflabels.（2）答案：51-55DADCB（3）试题、选项及定位：51.Whattrendhasbeenobservedinareport?D)Consumers’increasingdesireforclearproductinformation.52.Whatdoestheauthorsayismanufacturers’newmarketingstrategy?A)Stressingtheabsenceofcertainelementsintheirproducts.53.Whatpointdoestheauthormakeaboutnon-GMOlabels?D)Theycauseanxietyaboutfoodamongconsumers.54.Whatdoestheauthorsayabsenceclaimslabelswilldotofoodmanufacturers?C)Erodeconsumertrustandreducesales.55.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestfoodmanufacturersdo?B)Exercisecautionabouttheuseofabsenceclaims.第二套词汇理解（1）文章开头开头：AccordingtopsychologistSharonDraper,...（2）答案【答案速查】26-30BDOAI31-35EGJMF26.Balign27.Dcurrent28.Owardrobe29.Aaccessories

3830.Iperceive31.Eengaging32.Gframe33.Jpositively34.Mreluctant35.Ffond长篇阅读36.GlennSchellenberg'slatestresearchsuggestsmanypsychologistsandneuroscientistswronglybelieveinthecausalrelationshipbetweenmusicandIO.36.[E]Schellenbergtookthatnewsinstridewhilecontinuingtocastaskepticaleyeonitresearchinhisfield.Recently,hedecidedtoformallyinvestigatejusthowoftenhisfellleastprematureresearchersinpsychologyandneurosciencemakewhathebelievesareerroneous-oratleastpremature—causalconnectionsbetweenmusicandintelligence.Hisresults,publishedinMay,suggestthatmanyofhepeersdojustthat.37.Thebeliefinthepositiveeffectsofmusictrainingappealstomanyresearcherswhoaremusiciansthemselves.37.[N]Didhehaveahiddentalentthatothersdidn'thave?Ormoreendurancethanhispeers?Musicresearcherstend,likeSchellenberg,tobemusiciansthemselves,andashenotedin(andotherpleasurableactivities)isinherentlyappealing."Healsoadmitsthatifhehadchildrenofhisown,hewouldencouragethemtotakemusiclessonsandgotouniversity.“Iwouldthinkthatitmakesthembetterpeople,morecritical,justwiseringeneral,”hesaid.38.Glend_Schellenberwasdoubtfulabouttheclaimthatmusiceducationhelpsenhancechildren'sintelligence.38.[C]Schellenberghadlongbeenskepticalofthesciencesupportingclaimsthatmusiceducationenhanceschildren'sabstractreasoning,math,orlanguageskills.Ifchildrenwhoplaythepianoaresmarter,hesays,itdoesn'tnecessarilymeantheyaresmarterbecausetheyplaythepiano.Itcouldbethattheyoungsterswhoplaythepianoalsohappentobemoreambitiousorbetteratfocusingonatask.Correlation,alterall,doesnotprovecausation.39.GlennSchellenbergcametotheconstalietharmostofthepaperyanceregilmadetheWrongclaimregardingmusic'seffectonintelligence.39.[G]Aftercomputingtheirassessments,Schellenbergconcludedthatthemajorityofthearticleserroneouslyclaimedthatmusictraininghadadausaleffect.Theoverselling,healsofound,wasmoreprevalentamongneurosciencestudies,theequartersofwhichmischaracterizedamereassociationbetweenmusictrainingandskillsenhancementasacause-and-effectrelationship.Thismaycomeasasurprisetosome.Psychologistshavebeenbattlingchargesthattheydon'tdo"realscienceforsometime-inlargepartbecausemanyfindingsfromclassicexperimentshaveprovedunreprod

39ucible.Neuroscientists,ontheotherhand,armedwithbrainscansandEEGs(脑电图),havenotbeensubjecttothesamedegreeofcritique.40.Youmustabandonyourunverifiedbeliefsbefereyoubecomeaseienist.40.[O]Butthoseconvictionsshouldbecheckedattheentrancetothelab,headded.Otherwise,ortheworkbecomesreligionorfaith."Youhavetoletgoofyourfaithifyouwanttobeascientist."41.[H]Toargueforacause-and-effectrelationship,scientistsmustattempttoexplainwhyandhowaconnectioncouldoccur.Whenitcomestotransfereffectsofmusic,scientistsfrequentlypointtobrainplasticity-thefactthatthebrainchangesaccordingtohowweuseIt.Whenachildlearnstoplaytheviolin,forexample,severalstudieshaveshownthatthebrainregionresponsibleforthefinemotorskillsofthelefthand'sfingersislikelytogrow.Andmanyexperimentshaveshownthatmusicaltrainingimprovescertainhearingcapabilities,likefilteringvoicesfrombackgroundnoiseordistinguishingthedifferencebetweentheconsonants(辅音）“B’and‘g”42.[D]The2004paperwasspecificallydesignedtoaddressthoseconcerns.Andasapassionatemusician,Schellenbergwasdelightedwhenheturnedupcredibleevidencethatmusichastransfereffectsongeneralintelligence.Butnearlyadecadelater,in2013,theEducationEndowmentFoundationfundedabiggerstudywithmorethan900students.ThatstudyfailedtoconfirmSchellenberg’sfindings,producingnoevidencethatmusiclessonsimprovedmathandliteracyskills.43.[J]NeuropsychologistLutzJänckeagrees."Mostofthesestudiesdon'tallowforcausalinferences,hesaid.Forovertwodecades,Jänckehasresearchedtheeffectsofmusiclessons,andlikeSchellenberg,hebelievesthattheonlywaytotrulyunderstandtheireffectsistorunlongitudinalstudies.Insuchstudies,researcherswouldneedtofollowgroupsofchildrenwithandwithoutmusiclessonsoveralongperiodoftime-eveniftheassignmentsarenotcompletelyrandom.Thentheycouldcompareoutcomesforeachgroup.44.[F]Forhisrecentstudy,Schellenbergaskedtworesearchassistantstolookforcorrelationalstudiesontheeffectsofmusiceducation.Theyfoundatotalof114paperspublishedsince2000.Toassesswhethertheauthorsclaimedanycausation,researchersthenlookedfortelltaleverbsineachpaper'stitleandabstract,verbslike"enhance;""promote,""facilitate,'and"strengthen."Thepaperswerecategorizedasneuroscienceifthestudyemployedabrainimagingmethodlikemagneticresonance,orifthestudyappearedinajournalthathad"brain,"""neuroscience,"orarelatedterminitstitle.Otherwisethepaperswerecategorizedaspsychology.Schellenbergdidn'ttellhisassistantswhatexactlyhewastryingtoprove.

4045.[I]ButSchellenbergremainshighlycriticalofhowtheconceptofplasticityhasbeenappliedinhisfield."Plasticityhasbecomeanindustryofitsown,"hewroteinhisMaypaper.Practicedoeschangethebrain,heallows,butwhatisquestionableistheassertionthatthesechangesaffectotherbrainregions,suchasthoseresponsibleforspatialreasoningormathproblems.PassageOne开头：ThetrendtowardrationalityandenlightenmentwasendangeredlongbeforetheadventoftheWorldWideWeb.【答案】46-50ADDCB46.A)Itinitiatedachangefromdominanceofreasontosupremacyofpleasure.47.D)Itisconducivetocriticalthinking.48.D)Ithasrenderedtheirinteractionsmoresuperficial.49.C)Itwasviewedasameanstoquestforknowledge.50.B)Theyareconstantlyseekingapprovalfromtheiraudience.SectionC第2篇文章开头：Accordingtoarecentstudy,asmallbutgrowingproportionoftheworkforceisaffectedtosomedegreebyasenseofentitlement.答案速查：51-55BBDCA51.B)Theyfeeltheydeservemorethantheyget.52.B)Theywerespoiledwhengrowingup.53.D)Seekwaystosustaintheirmotivation.54.C)Theyconveytheirrequirementsinastraightforwardway.55.A)Thosewhocanbecountedontofulfillcommitments.第三套长篇阅读（1）文章开头标题：Whydon’tfactschangeourminds（2）答案【答案速查】36-40DGMFN41-45EICOH36.[D]InAtomicHabits,Iwrote,“Humansareherdanimals.Wewanttofitin,tobondwithothers,toearntherespectandapprovalofourpeers.Suchinclinationsareessentialtooursurvival.Formostofourevolutionaryhistory,ourancestorslivedintribes.Becomingseparatedfromthetribeorworse,beingcastout--wasadeathsentence.”

4137.[G]Falsebeliefscanbeusefulinasocialsenseeveniftheyarenotusefulinafactualsense.Forlackofabetterphrase,wemightcallthisapproach"factuallyfalse,butsociallyaccurate."Whenwehavetochoosebetweenthetwo,peopleoftenselectfriendsandfamilyoverfacts.Thisinsightnotonlyexplainswhywemightholdourtongueatadinnerpartyorlooktheotherwaywhenourparentssaysomethingoffensive,butalsorevealsabetterwaytochangethemindsofothers.38.[M]Themostheatedargumentsoftenoccurbetweenpeopleonoppositeendsofthespectrum,butthemostfrequentlearningoccursfrompeoplewhoarenearby.Thecloseryouaretosomeone,themorelikelyitbecomesthattheoneortwobeliefsyoudon'tsharewillbleedoverintoyourownmindandshapeyourthinking.Thefurtherawayanideaisfromyourcurrentposition.themorelikelyyouaretorejectitoutright.Whenitcomestochangingpeople'sminds,itisverydifficulttojumpfromonesidetoanother.Youcan'tjumpdownthespectrum.Youhavetoslidedownit.39.[F]Wedon'talwaysbelievethingsbecausetheyarecorrect.Sometimeswebelievethingsbecausetheymakeuslookgoodtothepeoplewecareabout.IthoughtKevinSimlerputitwellwhenhewrote,"Ifabrainanticipatesthatitwillberewardedforadoptingaparticularbelief,it'sperfectlyhappytodoso,anddoesn'tmuchcarewheretherewardcomesfrom--whetherit'spragmatic(实用主义的)(betteroutcomesresultingfrombetterdecisions),social(bettertreatmentfromone'speers),orsomemixofthetwo."40.[N]Anyideathatissufficientlydifferentfromyourcurrentworldviewwillfeelthreatening.Andthebestplacetoponderathreateningideaisinanon-threateningenvironment.Asaresult,booksareoftenabettervehiclefortransformingbeliefsthanconversationsordebates.Inconversation,peoplehavetocarefullyconsidertheirstatusandappearance.Theywanttosavefaceandavoidlookingstupid.Whenconfrontedwithanuncomfortablesetoffacts,thetendencyisoftentodoubledownontheircurrentpositionratherthanpubliclyadmittobeingwrong.Booksresolvethistension.Withabook,theconversationtakesplaceinsidesomeone'sheadandwithouttheriskofbeingjudgedbyothers.It'seasiertobeopen-mindedwhenyouaren'tfeelingdefensive.41.[E]Understandingthetruthofasituationisimportant,butsoisremainingpartofatribe.Whilethesetwodesiresoftenworkwelltogether,theyoccasionallycomeintoconflict.Inmanycircumstances,socialconnectionisactuallymorehelpfultoyourdailylifethanunderstandingthetruthofaparticularfactoridea.TheHarvardpsychologistStevenPinkerputitthisway,“Peopleareembracedorcondemnedaccordingtotheirbeliefs,soonefunctionofthemindmaybetoholdbeliefsthatbringthebelief-holderthegreatestumberofallies,protectors,ordisciples(信徒),ratherthanbeliefsthataremostlikelytobetrue.

4242.[I]Thewaytochangepeople'smindsistobecomefriendswiththem,tointegratethemintoyourtribe,tobringthemintoyourcircle.Now,theycanchangetheirbeliefswithouttheriskofbeingabandonedsocially.43.[C]What'sgoingonhere?Whydon'tfactschangeourminds?Andwhywouldsomeonecontinuetobelieveafalseorinaccurateideaanyway?Howdosuchbehaviorsserveus?Humansneedareasonablyaccurateviewoftheworldinordertosurvive.Ifyourmodelofrealityiswildlydifferentfromtheactualworld,thenyoustruggletotakeeffectiveactionseachday.However,truthandaccuracyarenottheonlythingsthatmattertothethehumanmind.Humansalsoseemtohaveadeepdesiretobelong.44.[O]Thereisanotherreasonbadideascontinuetoliveon,whichisthatpeoplecontinuetotalkaboutthem.Silenceisdeathforanyidea.Anideathatisneverspokenorwrittendowndieswiththepersonwhoconceivedit.Ideascanonlyberememberedwhentheyarerepeated.Theycanonlybebelievedwhentheyarerepeated.Ihavealreadypointedoutthatpeoplerepeatideastosignaltheyarepartofthesamesocialgroup.Buthere'sacrucialpointmostpeoplemiss:Peoplealsorepeatbadideaswhentheycomplainaboutthem.Beforeyoucancriticizeanidea,youhavetoreferencethatidea.Youenduprepeatingtheideasyou'rehopingpeoplewillforget-but,ofcourse,peoplecan'tforgetthembecauseyoukeeptalkingaboutthem.Themoreyourepeatabadidea,themorelikelypeoplearetobelieveit.45.[H]Convincingsomeonetochangetheirmindisreallytheprocessofconvincingthemtochangetheirtribe.Iftheyabandontheirbeliefs,theyruntheriskoflosingsocialties.Youcan'texpectsomeonetochangetheirmindifyoutakeawaytheircommunitytoo.Youhavetogivethemsomewheretogo.Nobodywantstheirworldviewtornapartiflonelinessistheoutcome.PassageOne（1）文章开头Thesubjectofautomationanditsroleinoureconomyhastakenholdin...（2）答案46-50DBBCC（3）试题、选项：46.D)Theirfadingemploymentopportunities.47.B)Theconcernsabouttheeffectoftradeareexaggerated.48.B)Theyfeelincreasinglyvulnerable.49.C)Itsallegedpositiveeffectsaredoubtful.50.C)People'seconomicsecurity.PassageTwo文章开头：Lookatthepeoplearoundyou.Somearepassive...答案：51-55AABCD51.A)Theytendtooverlyrelyonnationality.

4352.A)Theyareusefulincomparingculturalvaluesacrosstimeandspace.53.B)Anindividual’sfinancialstatuswasoftenunderestimated.54.C)Theymaynotbetaughthowtoproperlyinteractwithoverseaspartners.55.D)Nationalityislessusefulthansocio-economicstatusasanindicatorofone’svalues.·04翻译部分（共3套）中国共产党中国共产党第一次全国代表大会会址位于上海兴业路76号，是一栋典型的上海市住宅，建于1920年秋。1921年7月23日，中国共产党第一次全国代表大会在此召开，大会通过了中国共产党的第一个纲领和第一个决议，选举产生了中央领导机构，宣告了中国共产党的诞生。1952年9月，中共一大会址修复，建立纪念馆并对外开放。纪念馆除了介绍参加一大的代表之外，还介绍党的历史发展进程，现已成为了解党史、缅怀革命先烈的爱国主义教育基地。ThesiteoftheFirstNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinaislocatedat76XingyeRoad,Shanghai.ItisatypicalShanghai-styleresidencebuiltintheautumnof1920.OnJuly23,1921,theFirstNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasheldhere.TheCongresspassedthefirstprogramoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandthefirstresolution,electedthecentralleadership,andannouncedthebirthoftheCommunistPartyofChina.InSeptember1952,thesiteofthefirstmeetingoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasrestored,andamemorialhallwasbuiltandopenedtothepublic.InadditiontotheintroductionofrepresentativeswhoparticipatedinthefirstmeetingoftheCommunistPartyofChina,thememorialhallintroducedtheParty’shistoricaldevelopmentprocess.IthasbecomeapatriotismeducationbasetounderstandthehistoryofthePartyandrememberrevolutionarymartyrs.延安位于陕西省北部，地处黄河中游，是中国革命的圣地。毛泽东等老一辈革命家在这里生活战斗了十三个春秋，领导了抗日战争和解放战争，培育了延安精神，为中国革命做出了巨大贡献。延安的革命旧址全国数量最大、分布最广、级别最高。延安是全国爱国主义、革命传统和延安精神教育基地。延安有9个革命纪念馆，珍着中共中央和老一辈革命家在延安时期留存下来的大量重要物品，因此享有“中国革命博物馆城”的美誉。SituatedinnorthernShaanxiProvince,Yan’anoverlooksthemiddlereachesoftheYellowRiver.Yan’anisawell-knownChineserevolutionaryholylandwhereMaoZedongandotherrevolutionariesoftheoldgenerationlivedand

44foughthereforthirteenyears.TheyledtheWarofResistanceagainstJapaneseAggressionandtheWarofLiberationandcultivatedtheYan'anspirit,makinggreatcontributionstotheChineseRevolution.Withtheoldrevolutionarysitesintermsofnumber,extensivenessandlevelacrossthecountry,Yan'anisconsideredasthenationaleducationalbaseforpatriotism,revolutionarytraditionsandtheYan'anspirit.Yan’anishometoninerevolutionarymemorials,whichtreasurealargenumberofimportantitemsleftbehindbytheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheoldgenerationofrevolutionariesduringtheYan'anperiod,enjoyingthereputationof"themuseumcityofChineserevolutionary".井冈山地处湖南江西两省交界处，因其辉煌的革命历史被誉为“中国革命红色摇篮”。1927年10月，毛泽东、朱德等老一辈革命家率领中国工农红军来到这里，开展了坚决的斗争，创建了第一个农村革命根据地，点燃了中国革命的星星之火，开辟了“农村包围(besiege)城市，武装夺取政权”这一具有中国特色的革命道路，中国革命从这里迈向胜利。井冈山现有100多处革命旧址，成为一个“没有围墙的革命历史博物馆”，是爱国主义和革命传统教育的重要基地。Jinggangshan,locatedatthejunctionofHunanandJiangxiProvinces,isknownasthe"redcradleofChineseRevolution"becauseofitsgloriousrevolutionaryhistory.InOctober1927,theChineseWorkers'andPeasants'RedArmyledbyMaoZedong,ZhuDeandotherolderrevolutionariescamehereandwagedarduousstruggles,creatingthefirstruralrevolutionarybase,lightingthesparkoftheChineserevolutionandopeninguparevolutionaryroadwithChinesecharacteristics:besiegingthecitiesthroughruralareasandseizingpowerbyarmedpeople.FromheretheChineserevolutionmarchedtovictory.Jinggangshannowhasmorethan100revolutionarysites,becominga"museumofrevolutionaryhistorywithoutwalls"andanimportantbasefortheeducationofpatriotismandrevolutionarytraditions.

452021年12月英语六级考试参考答案01写作部分（共3套）第一套HowtodealwithfakenewsontheInternet?Asisshowninthepassage,manyyoungpeopletendtoreceiveandbelievewhattheygetfromthemediaandthenreacttoitdirectly,whileunabletorecognizefalseinformationontheInternetandtellrealnewsstoriesfromfakeones.ThereasonsforthisphenomenonaretheconvenientaccesstotheInternetanditsrichresources.However,weshouldnottrusttheinformationontheInterneteasilyforthefollowingtworeasons.Foronething,onlineinformation,whichisjusttoimpressandcatchattention,couldbefictitious,soitisratherdifficulttodistinguishtheusefulandreliableinformationfromthefake.Thusitishardtoensurethecorrectnessoftheanswer.Foranother,reportsonlinecouldbeone-sided.Thatistosay,theyareprovidingincompleteinformationandseeingthingsfromoneangle,sopeoplewillhaveasuperficialknowledgeofsomequestionsandmayformanindiscreetattitude.Inmyopinion,wecaneasilyfindthatonlyusetheinformationontheInternetwisely,canwegainaccesstoinformationmoreefficiently,accuratelyandthoroughly.第二套Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessayrelatedtotheshortpassagegivenbelow.Inyouressay,youaretocommentonthephenomenondescribedinthepassageandsuggestmeasurestoaddresstheissue.Youshouldwriteatleast150wordsbutnomorethan200words.范文：Nowadaysstarchasingisprevalentamongmanyteenagers.Theytakepopstarsastheiridols,imitatingtheirwayoftalking,followingtheirstyleofdressing,andseekingeverychancetomeettheminpersonatgreatexpenses.Nowadays,starchasinghasbeenidentifiedasapopularphenomenonamongtheyoungwhotendtoworshipstarsintheentertainmentcircle.Theidolinfluenceisstrongbecauseteenagerscangettorelax,escapepressureandavoidthestressesoftheireverydaylives.Butthereisalsoanunhealthypursuitofstarsoridolsthatcantakeahugetollonfamilies,individuals,societyandthestarsthemselves,sayexperts.Oneofthemostalarmingaffectsofcelebrityworshipiswhatimpactitcanhaveonchildren.Soit’surgentthatcertainmeasuresmustbetakentoaddressthisissue.Foronething,positiveandinfluentialparentingtechniquescanbeadoptedtoavoidobsessivebehaviorofteenagers.Parentscanencouragetheirkidstogetinvolvedinschoolactivitiesorvolunteerwork.Foranother,popstarsmustimprovethequalityandregulatewordsandactionssoastoprovidepositiveguidancefortheirfollowersandsetagoodexampleforteenagers.AsfarasI’mconcerned,whatyoungpeopleshouldpayattentionistobalanceidolatrywithreality.Insteadofjustappreciatingthestars’appearanceorperformance,theyshouldlearntoexploretherealfactorsofthestars’successandstrivetogetself-improvementtoachieveideals.第三套SomeparentsinChinaareoverprotectiveoftheirchildren.Theyplaneverythingfortheirchildren,makeallthedecisionsforthem,anddonotallowthemtoexploreontheirownincasetheymakemistakesorgethurt.HowtoCultivateIndependentChildren

46Whenitcomesthewayofhowparentscultivatetheirchildren,differentpeoplehavedifferentthingstosay.Somepeopleholdthatchildrenarethehopeofeveryfamilywhoneedtobeprotectedfromallkindsofdanger.Anumberofpeople,ontheotherhand,claimthatparentsshouldfocusontheimportanceofcultivatingchildren’sindependence.AsfarasIamconcerned,Iaminfavorofthelatteropinion.Tobeginwith,parentsshouldattachgreatimportanceincultivatingchildren’sabilitytodealwiththedifficultiestheyencounteredindailylifebythemselves.Secondly,inordertogetridofbeingcowardly,parentscanencouragetheirchildrentoparticipateinsomeactivitiesthatarebeneficialtostrengthentheirguts.Lastbutnotleast,it’sindispensableforparentstolistentochildren’sopinionsratherthanarrangingallforthem.Fromwhathasbeendiscussedabove,wemayreasonablyarriveattheconclusionthateffectivemeasuresshouldbetakenbyparentstosteertheirchildrentowardincreasedindependence.·02听力部分（共两套）第一套1、A)Hewasenjoyinghisholiday.2.C)Heslippedoniceandfell.3.B)Calltherepairshoptofixit.4、C)OfferDavidsomerefreshments.5.D)Sheisahistorianofmilitaryhistory.6.D)ltisawarnovelsetinthefuture.7.D)shelookedintothepersonlivesofsoldiers.8.A)Shedesn'thavemuchfreedomforimagination.9.D)Aglassbottle.10.C)Tocombatcounterfeits.11.B)Itappearsintheshapeofacocoaseed.12.C)Itimprovestheirmoodconsiderably13.A)Socialanxiety.14.B)Humanbrainstendtodwellonnegativeevents.15.A)Contagious.16.C）Itismainlybasedonagriculture.17.D)Sugar.18.B)Theyliveapoorlife.19.B)Theywillenduplonely,dependentanddissatisfied.20.D)Failuretospendsufficientqualitytimewiththem.21.B)Itwillhelpthemtohandledisappointment.22.C)Sayingthewrongthingatthewrongtime.23.A)Complainingabouttheirpreviousjob.24.C)Thosewhotakeinitiativeintheirwork.25.A)Abilitytoshouldernewresponsibilities.第二套1.A)Ithasgivenrisetomuchcontroversy.2.B)Shetriestoforcepeopletoacceptherradicalideas.3.D)Theyaremodest.4.A)Itwouldhelptoprotecttheenvironment.5.D)Whatmakespeoplesuccessful.

471.A)Havingsomeonewhohasconfidenceinthem.2.C)Theystaypositive.3.D)Highlycooperativeteammates.4.C)Theyhavebigeyesanddistinctivevisualcenters.5.B)Bymeansofecholocation.6.B)Toadaptthemselvestoaparticularlifestyle.7.C)Theybecomemoreemotionallyaggressive.8.D)Theylackthecognitiveandmemoryskills.9.B)Helptheirchildrenunderstandtheprogram'splot.10.A)Explainitsmessagetotheirchildren.11.C)Theybelievealittledirtharmsnoone.12.D)Alargenumberofbacteriacollectedonasingleshoe.13.A)Thechemicalsonshoescandeteriorateairquality.14.D)Itisaviolationoffaithandtrust.15.C)Acceptthemasnormal.16.A)Trytounderstandwhatmessagestheyconvey.17.A)Cultivationofnewvarietiesofcrops.18.D)Theimprovementofagriculturalinfrastructure.19.C)Forturningtheirfocustotheneedsoffarmersinpoorercountries.20.B)Substantialfundinginagriculturalresearch.·03阅读部分（共3套）词汇理解（1）文章开头开头：Ifyouthinklifeiswonderfulandexpectittostay...（2）答案【答案速查】26-30BHALJ31-35MCEDO21.B)beyond22.H)noteworthy23.A)affect24.L)span25.J)premature26.M)specifically27.C)conceded28.E)foster29.D)correlation30.O)trait长篇阅读（1）文章标题标题：NooneinfashionissurprisedthatBarberryburnt£28millionofstock（2）答案速查36-40GBKEL41-45DFJAH（3）题干、答案和定位处信息匹配第三套：36.Burberry’sexecutivesaretryinghardtoattributetheirpracticeofdestroyingoldproductstomiscalculatedproduction.

4836.G【定位】…,executivesattheBritishfashionhousearenodoubtstrugglingtodefendhowtheymiscalculatedproduction.Thewastehasbeenputdowntoburningoldcosmeticstocktomakewayfortheirnewbeautyrange.37.Sellingproductsatadiscountwilldogreaterharmtoluxurybrandsthandestroyingthem.37.B【定位】Becomingtoowidelyavailableatacheaperpricethroughdiscountstoresdiscouragesfull-pricesales.38.ImitatedBurberryproductsdiscouragedluxuryconsumersfrombuyingitsgenuineproducts.38.K【定位】Itdeferredluxuryconsumerswhofoundtheirexpensiveclothingmorecloselyassociatedwithworking-classyouthculturethanprestigiousheritagefashionhouse.39.Staffmembersofaluxurybrandmaybuyitsoldstockatcheaperprices,buttheyarenotallowedtoresellthem.39.E【定位】Thebrandholdssalesofoldstockforstaffmemberstwiceayear.…buttheytrackeachitems,andifyourgiftendsuponlinetheyknowwhotoask40.Infuturetraditionalluxurybrandswillhavetoadapttheirbusinessstrategiestothechangingconceptsofluxury.40.L【定位】Thingslikehealth,enlightenment,responsibilityarethenewluxuries.41.Oneluxurybrandemployeequitherjobbecauseshesimplycouldn'tbeartoseethedestructionofunsoldproducts.41.D【定位】"Myjobwastotossitemsinboxessotheycouldbesenttobeburned.Itwaskillingmeinsidebecauseallthatleatherandfurwenttowasteandanimalshaddiedfornothing.Icouldn'tstaythereanylonger,theirbusinesspracticesthrewmeofftheroof."42.Destroyingoldstockisapracticenotjustofluxurybrandsbutoflessprestigiousfashionbrands.42.F【定位】It’snotonlyjustluxurybrandseither.43.Burberryisworkingwithapartnertomakefulluseofleathermaterialstoreducewaste.43.J【定位】Latelastyearwelaunchedanambitiousfive-yearpartnershipwiththeBurberryfoundation.Themainaimofthisistoscaleourleatherrescueproject.44.Burberry’splantodestroyitsunsoldproductsworthmillionsofdollarsaroundpublicindignation.44.A【定位】lastweek,Burberry’sannualreportrevealedthat£28.6millionworthofstockswasburntlastyear.45.Burberry’schangeofmarketingstrategytomakeaproductavailableassoonasconsumersseeitonthefashionshowdidnotturnouttobeaseffectiveasexpected.45.H【定位】whileBurberryannounced“record–breaking”onlinereachandengagement,therehasbeenlittleevidencetosuggestthatthisstrategyhashadasignificanteffectonsales.PassageOne（1）文章开头Socialmediaisabsolutelyeverywhere.（2）答案【答案速查】46-50DAABC（3）试题、选项及定位：46.Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage?D)Whethersocialmediashouldbeusedtoscreenjobcandidate.

4947.Whatmighthappenwhensocialmediaisusedtoscreenjobcandidate?A)Moralorlegalissuesmightarise.48.Whencouldonlinepersonalinformationbedetrimentaltocandidate?A)Whenitisseparatedfromcontext.49.Howcanemployersusesocialmediainformationtotheiradvantagewhileavoidingunnecessaryrisks?B)Byusingitinalegitimateway.50.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestdoingbeforescreeningjobcandidatesonsocialmedia?C)Seekingadvicefrommanagementandlegalexperts.PassageTwo文章开头：Inrecentyears,thefoodindustryhasincreaseditsuseoflabels.（2）答案：51-55DADCB（3）试题、选项及定位：51.Whattrendhasbeenobservedinareport?D)Consumers’increasingdesireforclearproductinformation.52.Whatdoestheauthorsayismanufacturers’newmarketingstrategy?A)Stressingtheabsenceofcertainelementsintheirproducts.53.Whatpointdoestheauthormakeaboutnon-GMOlabels?D)Theycauseanxietyaboutfoodamongconsumers.54.Whatdoestheauthorsayabsenceclaimslabelswilldotofoodmanufacturers?C)Erodeconsumertrustandreducesales.55.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestfoodmanufacturersdo?B)Exercisecautionabouttheuseofabsenceclaims.第二套词汇理解（1）文章开头开头：AccordingtopsychologistSharonDraper,...（2）答案【答案速查】26-30BDOAI31-35EGJMF26.Balign27.Dcurrent28.Owardrobe29.Aaccessories30.Iperceive31.Eengaging32.Gframe33.Jpositively34.Mreluctant35.Ffond长篇阅读36.GlennSchellenberg'slatestresearchsuggestsmanypsychologistsandneuroscientistswronglybelieveinthecausalrelationshipbetweenmusicandIO.36.[E]Schellenbergtookthatnewsinstridewhilecontinuingtocastaskepticaleyeonitresearchinhisfield.Recently,hedecidedtoformallyinvestigate

50justhowoftenhisfellleastprematureresearchersinpsychologyandneurosciencemakewhathebelievesareerroneous-oratleastpremature—causalconnectionsbetweenmusicandintelligence.Hisresults,publishedinMay,suggestthatmanyofhepeersdojustthat.26.Thebeliefinthepositiveeffectsofmusictrainingappealstomanyresearcherswhoaremusiciansthemselves.37.[N]Didhehaveahiddentalentthatothersdidn'thave?Ormoreendurancethanhispeers?Musicresearcherstend,likeSchellenberg,tobemusiciansthemselves,andashenotedin(andotherpleasurableactivities)isinherentlyappealing."Healsoadmitsthatifhehadchildrenofhisown,hewouldencouragethemtotakemusiclessonsandgotouniversity.“Iwouldthinkthatitmakesthembetterpeople,morecritical,justwiseringeneral,”hesaid.38.Glend_Schellenberwasdoubtfulabouttheclaimthatmusiceducationhelpsenhancechildren'sintelligence.38.[C]Schellenberghadlongbeenskepticalofthesciencesupportingclaimsthatmusiceducationenhanceschildren'sabstractreasoning,math,orlanguageskills.Ifchildrenwhoplaythepianoaresmarter,hesays,itdoesn'tnecessarilymeantheyaresmarterbecausetheyplaythepiano.Itcouldbethattheyoungsterswhoplaythepianoalsohappentobemoreambitiousorbetteratfocusingonatask.Correlation,alterall,doesnotprovecausation.39.GlennSchellenbergcametotheconstalietharmostofthepaperyanceregilmadetheWrongclaimregardingmusic'seffectonintelligence.39.[G]Aftercomputingtheirassessments,Schellenbergconcludedthatthemajorityofthearticleserroneouslyclaimedthatmusictraininghadadausaleffect.Theoverselling,healsofound,wasmoreprevalentamongneurosciencestudies,theequartersofwhichmischaracterizedamereassociationbetweenmusictrainingandskillsenhancementasacause-and-effectrelationship.Thismaycomeasasurprisetosome.Psychologistshavebeenbattlingchargesthattheydon'tdo"realscienceforsometime-inlargepartbecausemanyfindingsfromclassicexperimentshaveprovedunreproducible.Neuroscientists,ontheotherhand,armedwithbrainscansandEEGs(脑电图),havenotbeensubjecttothesamedegreeofcritique.40.Youmustabandonyourunverifiedbeliefsbefereyoubecomeaseienist.40.[O]Butthoseconvictionsshouldbecheckedattheentrancetothelab,headded.Otherwise,ortheworkbecomesreligionorfaith."Youhavetoletgoofyourfaithifyouwanttobeascientist."41.[H]Toargueforacause-and-effectrelationship,scientistsmustattempttoexplainwhyandhowaconnectioncouldoccur.Whenitcomestotransfereffectsofmusic,scientistsfrequentlypointtobrainplasticity-thefactthatthebrainchangesaccordingtohowweuseIt.Whenachildlearnstoplaytheviolin,forexample,severalstudieshaveshownthatthebrainregionresponsibleforthefinemotorskillsofthelefthand'sfingersislikelytogrow.Andmanyexperimentshaveshownthatmusicaltrainingimprovescertainhearingcapabilities,likefilteringvoicesfrombackgroundnoiseordistinguishingthedifferencebetweentheconsonants(辅音）“B’and‘g”42.[D]The2004paperwasspecificallydesignedtoaddressthoseconcerns.Andasapassionatemusician,Schellenbergwasdelightedwhenheturnedupcredibleevidencethatmusichastransfereffectsongeneralintelligence.Butnearlyadecadelater,in2013,theEducationEndowmentFoundationfundedabiggerstudywithmorethan900students.ThatstudyfailedtoconfirmSchellenberg’sfindings,producingnoevidencethatmusiclessonsimprovedmathandliteracyskills.43.[J]NeuropsychologistLutzJänckeagrees."Mostofthesestudiesdon'tallowforcausalinferences,hesaid.Forovertwodecades,Jänckehasresearchedtheeffectsofmusiclessons,andlikeSchellenberg,hebelievesthattheonlywaytotrulyunderstandtheireffectsistorunlongitudinalstudies.Insuchstudies,researcherswouldneedtofollowgroupsofchildrenwithandwithoutmusiclessonsoveralongperiodoftime-eveniftheassignmentsarenotcompletelyrandom.Thentheycouldcompareoutcomesforeachgroup.

5144.[F]Forhisrecentstudy,Schellenbergaskedtworesearchassistantstolookforcorrelationalstudiesontheeffectsofmusiceducation.Theyfoundatotalof114paperspublishedsince2000.Toassesswhethertheauthorsclaimedanycausation,researchersthenlookedfortelltaleverbsineachpaper'stitleandabstract,verbslike"enhance;""promote,""facilitate,'and"strengthen."Thepaperswerecategorizedasneuroscienceifthestudyemployedabrainimagingmethodlikemagneticresonance,orifthestudyappearedinajournalthathad"brain,"""neuroscience,"orarelatedterminitstitle.Otherwisethepaperswerecategorizedaspsychology.Schellenbergdidn'ttellhisassistantswhatexactlyhewastryingtoprove.45.[I]ButSchellenbergremainshighlycriticalofhowtheconceptofplasticityhasbeenappliedinhisfield."Plasticityhasbecomeanindustryofitsown,"hewroteinhisMaypaper.Practicedoeschangethebrain,heallows,butwhatisquestionableistheassertionthatthesechangesaffectotherbrainregions,suchasthoseresponsibleforspatialreasoningormathproblems.PassageOne开头：ThetrendtowardrationalityandenlightenmentwasendangeredlongbeforetheadventoftheWorldWideWeb.【答案】46-50ADDCB46.A)Itinitiatedachangefromdominanceofreasontosupremacyofpleasure.47.D)Itisconducivetocriticalthinking.48.D)Ithasrenderedtheirinteractionsmoresuperficial.49.C)Itwasviewedasameanstoquestforknowledge.50.B)Theyareconstantlyseekingapprovalfromtheiraudience.SectionC第2篇文章开头：Accordingtoarecentstudy,asmallbutgrowingproportionoftheworkforceisaffectedtosomedegreebyasenseofentitlement.答案速查：51-55BBDCA51.B)Theyfeeltheydeservemorethantheyget.52.B)Theywerespoiledwhengrowingup.53.D)Seekwaystosustaintheirmotivation.54.C)Theyconveytheirrequirementsinastraightforwardway.55.A)Thosewhocanbecountedontofulfillcommitments.第三套长篇阅读（1）文章开头标题：Whydon’tfactschangeourminds（2）答案【答案速查】36-40DGMFN41-45EICOH

5236.[D]InAtomicHabits,Iwrote,“Humansareherdanimals.Wewanttofitin,tobondwithothers,toearntherespectandapprovalofourpeers.Suchinclinationsareessentialtooursurvival.Formostofourevolutionaryhistory,ourancestorslivedintribes.Becomingseparatedfromthetribeorworse,beingcastout--wasadeathsentence.”37.[G]Falsebeliefscanbeusefulinasocialsenseeveniftheyarenotusefulinafactualsense.Forlackofabetterphrase,wemightcallthisapproach"factuallyfalse,butsociallyaccurate."Whenwehavetochoosebetweenthetwo,peopleoftenselectfriendsandfamilyoverfacts.Thisinsightnotonlyexplainswhywemightholdourtongueatadinnerpartyorlooktheotherwaywhenourparentssaysomethingoffensive,butalsorevealsabetterwaytochangethemindsofothers.38.[M]Themostheatedargumentsoftenoccurbetweenpeopleonoppositeendsofthespectrum,butthemostfrequentlearningoccursfrompeoplewhoarenearby.Thecloseryouaretosomeone,themorelikelyitbecomesthattheoneortwobeliefsyoudon'tsharewillbleedoverintoyourownmindandshapeyourthinking.Thefurtherawayanideaisfromyourcurrentposition.themorelikelyyouaretorejectitoutright.Whenitcomestochangingpeople'sminds,itisverydifficulttojumpfromonesidetoanother.Youcan'tjumpdownthespectrum.Youhavetoslidedownit.39.[F]Wedon'talwaysbelievethingsbecausetheyarecorrect.Sometimeswebelievethingsbecausetheymakeuslookgoodtothepeoplewecareabout.IthoughtKevinSimlerputitwellwhenhewrote,"Ifabrainanticipatesthatitwillberewardedforadoptingaparticularbelief,it'sperfectlyhappytodoso,anddoesn'tmuchcarewheretherewardcomesfrom--whetherit'spragmatic(实用主义的)(betteroutcomesresultingfrombetterdecisions),social(bettertreatmentfromone'speers),orsomemixofthetwo."40.[N]Anyideathatissufficientlydifferentfromyourcurrentworldviewwillfeelthreatening.Andthebestplacetoponderathreateningideaisinanon-threateningenvironment.Asaresult,booksareoftenabettervehiclefortransformingbeliefsthanconversationsordebates.Inconversation,peoplehavetocarefullyconsidertheirstatusandappearance.Theywanttosavefaceandavoidlookingstupid.Whenconfrontedwithanuncomfortablesetoffacts,thetendencyisoftentodoubledownontheircurrentpositionratherthanpubliclyadmittobeingwrong.Booksresolvethistension.Withabook,theconversationtakesplaceinsidesomeone'sheadandwithouttheriskofbeingjudgedbyothers.It'seasiertobeopen-mindedwhenyouaren'tfeelingdefensive.41.[E]Understandingthetruthofasituationisimportant,butsoisremainingpartofatribe.Whilethesetwodesiresoftenworkwelltogether,theyoccasionallycomeintoconflict.Inmanycircumstances,socialconnectionisactuallymorehelpfultoyourdailylifethanunderstandingthetruthofaparticularfactoridea.TheHarvardpsychologistStevenPinkerputitthisway,“Peopleareembracedorcondemnedaccordingtotheirbeliefs,soonefunctionofthemindmaybetoholdbeliefsthatbringthebelief-holderthegreatestumberofallies,protectors,ordisciples(信徒),ratherthanbeliefsthataremostlikelytobetrue.42.[I]Thewaytochangepeople'smindsistobecomefriendswiththem,tointegratethemintoyourtribe,tobringthemintoyourcircle.Now,theycanchangetheirbeliefswithouttheriskofbeingabandonedsocially.43.[C]What'sgoingonhere?Whydon'tfactschangeourminds?Andwhywouldsomeonecontinuetobelieveafalseorinaccurateideaanyway?Howdosuchbehaviorsserveus?Humansneedareasonablyaccurateviewoftheworldinordertosurvive.Ifyourmodelofrealityiswildlydifferentfromtheactualworld,thenyoustruggletotakeeffectiveactionseachday.However,truthandaccuracyarenottheonlythingsthatmattertothethehumanmind.Humansalsoseemtohaveadeepdesiretobelong.44.[O]Thereisanotherreasonbadideascontinuetoliveon,whichisthatpeoplecontinuetotalkaboutthem.Silenceisdeathforanyidea.Anideathatisneverspokenorwrittendowndieswiththepersonwhoconceivedit.Ideascanonlyberememberedwhentheyarerepeated.Theycanonlybebelie

53vedwhentheyarerepeated.Ihavealreadypointedoutthatpeoplerepeatideastosignaltheyarepartofthesamesocialgroup.Buthere'sacrucialpointmostpeoplemiss:Peoplealsorepeatbadideaswhentheycomplainaboutthem.Beforeyoucancriticizeanidea,youhavetoreferencethatidea.Youenduprepeatingtheideasyou'rehopingpeoplewillforget-but,ofcourse,peoplecan'tforgetthembecauseyoukeeptalkingaboutthem.Themoreyourepeatabadidea,themorelikelypeoplearetobelieveit.36.[H]Convincingsomeonetochangetheirmindisreallytheprocessofconvincingthemtochangetheirtribe.Iftheyabandontheirbeliefs,theyruntheriskoflosingsocialties.Youcan'texpectsomeonetochangetheirmindifyoutakeawaytheircommunitytoo.Youhavetogivethemsomewheretogo.Nobodywantstheirworldviewtornapartiflonelinessistheoutcome.PassageOne（1）文章开头Thesubjectofautomationanditsroleinoureconomyhastakenholdin...（2）答案46-50DBBCC（3）试题、选项：46.D)Theirfadingemploymentopportunities.47.B)Theconcernsabouttheeffectoftradeareexaggerated.48.B)Theyfeelincreasinglyvulnerable.49.C)Itsallegedpositiveeffectsaredoubtful.50.C)People'seconomicsecurity.PassageTwo文章开头：Lookatthepeoplearoundyou.Somearepassive...答案：51-55AABCD51.A)Theytendtooverlyrelyonnationality.52.A)Theyareusefulincomparingculturalvaluesacrosstimeandspace.53.B)Anindividual’sfinancialstatuswasoftenunderestimated.54.C)Theymaynotbetaughthowtoproperlyinteractwithoverseaspartners.55.D)Nationalityislessusefulthansocio-economicstatusasanindicatorofone’svalues.·04翻译部分（共3套）中国共产党中国共产党第一次全国代表大会会址位于上海兴业路76号，是一栋典型的上海市住宅，建于1920年秋。1921年7月23日，中国共产党第一次全国代表大会在此召开，大会通过了中国共产党的第一个纲领和第一个决议，选举产生了中央领导机构，宣告了中国共产党的诞生。1952年9月，中共一大会址修复，建立纪念馆并对外开放。纪念馆除了介绍参加一大的代表之外，还介绍党的历史发展进程，现已成为了解党史、缅怀革命先烈的爱国主义教育基地。ThesiteoftheFirstNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinaislocatedat76XingyeRoad,Shanghai.ItisatypicalShanghai-styleresidencebuiltintheautumnof1920.OnJuly23,1921,theFirstNationalCongressoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasheldhere.TheCongresspassedthefirstprogramoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandthefirstresolution,electedthecentralleadership,andannouncedthebirthoftheCommunistPartyofChina.InSeptember1952,thesiteofthefirstmeetingoftheCommunistPartyofChinawasrestored,andamemorialhallwasbuiltandopenedtothepublic.InadditiontotheintroductionofrepresentativeswhoparticipatedinthefirstmeetingoftheCommunistPartyofChina,the

54memorialhallintroducedtheParty’shistoricaldevelopmentprocess.IthasbecomeapatriotismeducationbasetounderstandthehistoryofthePartyandrememberrevolutionarymartyrs.延安位于陕西省北部，地处黄河中游，是中国革命的圣地。毛泽东等老一辈革命家在这里生活战斗了十三个春秋，领导了抗日战争和解放战争，培育了延安精神，为中国革命做出了巨大贡献。延安的革命旧址全国数量最大、分布最广、级别最高。延安是全国爱国主义、革命传统和延安精神教育基地。延安有9个革命纪念馆，珍着中共中央和老一辈革命家在延安时期留存下来的大量重要物品，因此享有“中国革命博物馆城”的美誉。SituatedinnorthernShaanxiProvince,Yan’anoverlooksthemiddlereachesoftheYellowRiver.Yan’anisawell-knownChineserevolutionaryholylandwhereMaoZedongandotherrevolutionariesoftheoldgenerationlivedandfoughthereforthirteenyears.TheyledtheWarofResistanceagainstJapaneseAggressionandtheWarofLiberationandcultivatedtheYan'anspirit,makinggreatcontributionstotheChineseRevolution.Withtheoldrevolutionarysitesintermsofnumber,extensivenessandlevelacrossthecountry,Yan'anisconsideredasthenationaleducationalbaseforpatriotism,revolutionarytraditionsandtheYan'anspirit.Yan’anishometoninerevolutionarymemorials,whichtreasurealargenumberofimportantitemsleftbehindbytheCentralCommitteeoftheCommunistPartyofChinaandtheoldgenerationofrevolutionariesduringtheYan'anperiod,enjoyingthereputationof"themuseumcityofChineserevolutionary".井冈山地处湖南江西两省交界处，因其辉煌的革命历史被誉为“中国革命红色摇篮”。1927年10月，毛泽东、朱德等老一辈革命家率领中国工农红军来到这里，开展了坚决的斗争，创建了第一个农村革命根据地，点燃了中国革命的星星之火，开辟了“农村包围(besiege)城市，武装夺取政权”这一具有中国特色的革命道路，中国革命从这里迈向胜利。井冈山现有100多处革命旧址，成为一个“没有围墙的革命历史博物馆”，是爱国主义和革命传统教育的重要基地。Jinggangshan,locatedatthejunctionofHunanandJiangxiProvinces,isknownasthe"redcradleofChineseRevolution"becauseofitsgloriousrevolutionaryhistory.InOctober1927,theChineseWorkers'andPeasants'RedArmyledbyMaoZedong,ZhuDeandotherolderrevolutionariescamehereandwagedarduousstruggles,creatingthefirstruralrevolutionarybase,lightingthesparkoftheChineserevolutionandopeninguparevolutionaryroadwithChinesecharacteristics:besiegingthecitiesthroughruralareasandseizingpowerbyarmedpeople.FromheretheChineserevolutionmarchedtovictory.Jinggangshannowhasmorethan100revolutionarysites,becominga"museumofrevolutionaryhistorywithoutwalls"andanimportantbasefortheeducationofpatriotismandrevolutionarytraditions.