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TheSubjunctiveMoodGrammar
11.IfIwereAndyLou,IwouldbeinHongKongnow.2.IwishIwereamillionaire.3.WesuggestthateveryoneshouldhelptheAIDSpatients.WhentousetheSubjunctiveMoodinEnglish?hypotheseswishessuggestion虚拟语气TheSubjunctiveMood
2虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式(verbstructure),用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实(fact)，而只是一种假设(hypotheses)愿望(wishes)、建议(suggestion)或怀疑(doubt)等等。ThedefinitionoftheSubjunctiveMood
31.虚拟语气在条件句中1)“表示不太可能出现的情况”,条件从句一般用过去时,主句用woulddo,shoulddo或might/coulddo;虚拟语气应该注意的几点:
42)表示“本可能发生却未发生的事情”,条件从句用过去完成时,主句用wouldhavedone,shouldhavedone,might/couldhavedone.
5Theoldmenwouldfinditdifficulttogetajobiftheyleftthefarm.Ishouldbesurprisedifitwaslessthanfivepounds.IfIfrightenedthosebirds,theymightflyoffandIwouldneverseethemagain.IfIwereyou,Iwouldaccepttheoffer.
6IfIwereaskedtodefinemymood,I’dsay“bored”.Ifhehadtakenhisdoctor’sadvice,hemightnothavediedsosoon.Ifhehadrealizedthat,hewouldhaverunawaywhiletherewasstilltime.Ifshehadnotmarried,shecouldhavebecomespecialinthefiled.
72.虚拟语气在条件句也可用来表示“将来不太可能出现的情况”,条件从句用shoulddo,weretodo或一般过去时,主句用woulddo,shoulddo,could/mightdo.
8Ifitshouldraintomorrow,thesportsmeetwouldhavetobeputoff.IcouldseethesurfaceofthemoonwithmyowneyesifIweretogotothemoonsomeday.Whatwouldyoudoifhefailedtocometomorrow?
9注意:含有should的条件句,主句可以用一般现在时或一般将来时.例如:Ifthereshouldbeanotherflood,whatshallwedo?Askhertoleaveamessageifsheshouldcome.
103.在正式英语文体中,if从句中的第一个动词如果是should,were或had,可将此动词置于句首,替代if．例如：
11Wereitalltrue,itwouldstillnotexcusetheiractions.Hadthecaptainbeenmorecareful,hisshipwouldnothavesunk.Shouldanyvisitorscome,Iwouldsayyouarenothere.
124.ifonly和suppose(supposing),也可以引导虚拟从句．IfonlyIhadmoretime,Icouldgotheretohelpthem.Supposingitwerefinetomorrow,wouldyougoclimbingthemountainwithus?
135.Ifitwerenot/hadnotbeenfor…也是常见的虚拟句型,意思是“要不是……”例如:Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wewouldnothaveachievedsomuchinourwork.Ifitwerenotforthewisedecision,wecouldnotbelivingahappylife.
146.虚拟语气用于Iwish…的宾语从句中:表示现在时间,动词用一般过去时和过去进行时(be动词用were/was)。表示过去时间,动词用过去完成时和过去完成进行时。表示将来时间,动词用would/could等+动词原形。
15IwishIknewhowtooperatethiscomputer.Iwishheweren’tsolazy.Idowisheverythingwouldbeasquietasbefore.Iwishwehadn’tbeenworkingovertimeyesterday.
16注意:这里Iwish…所表达的意思与ifonly…差不多。以上的句子都可以用ifonly来代替Iwish例如:IfonlyIknewhowtooperatethiscomputer.Ifonlywehadn’tbeenworkingovertimeyesterday.
177.It’s(about/high)time+从句，表示“该做而未做的事”,是一种婉转的建议,从句中的动词用一般过去时。例如：Itishightimewebegantowork.We’veenjoyedtheevening,butit’stimewewenthome.It’sabouttimetheboylearnedtobehavehimself.
188.表示“要求、建议、命令”等动词demand,require,suggest,insist,advise,order等后接宾语从句时,从句谓语动词一般用虚拟语气,即should+动词原形(do/bedone),should也可以省略．例如：
19HeinsistedthatJohn(should)dothejob.Wesuggestthatthemeeting(should)notbepostponed.Theuniondemandedthatthewages(should)beraisedby20%.
20常用的这类动词是:ask(要求),advise(建议),command(命令),decide(决定),demand(要求),insist(坚持),move(提议),order(命令),propose(提出),require(要求),request(请求),suggest(建议),urge(主张)如果这些动词不是表示“要求、建议、命令”等意思时,这时宾语从句一般不用虚拟语气。
21例如：HeinsistedthatIwaswrong.(这儿insist意思是“坚持认为”）Theexpressiononherfacesuggeststhatsheknowsthesecret.(这儿suggest意思是“表明”）
22虚拟语气在条件句中除了表示与将来、现在及过去事实相反的情况以外，还需要注意以下几点：一、错综时间条件句当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，动词的形式要依据它所表示的时间来调整。如：Ifyouhadtakenthemedicineyesterday,youmightbewellnow.
23(条件句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)如果你昨天吃了药,你的病今天也许就好了。二、省略if的条件句如果if条件句中有were，had，should时，可省略if，把were，had，should放在主语前。这种结构主要用于书面语中。如：
24Wereitnecessary(=Ifitwerenecessary),Imightresign．如果需要的话，我可以辞职。Hadyouinformedmeearlier(=Ifyouhadinformedmeearlier),Iwouldn’thavesignedthecontract.要是你早点告诉我的话，我是不会签那份合同的。
25三、含蓄条件句有些句子虽不含条件句，但意思和含条件句的句子差不多，这种句子叫含蓄条件句，这种句子中也用虚拟语气。含蓄条件句的“暗含”之意一般用三种方法来表达：1.条件暗含在短语中。如：Withoutair,therewouldbenolivingthings.没有空气，就没有生命。
26（条件暗含在介词短语Withoutair中）Butforyourhelp,Icouldn’thavemadesomuchprogress.要不是你的帮助，我不可能取得这么大的进步。（条件暗含在介词短语Butforyourhelp中）Thissamething,happeninginwartime,wouldresultindisaster.
27同样的事，如果发生在战时，就会酿成大祸。（条件暗含在分词短语happeninginwartime中）2.条件暗含在上下文中。如：Youmightstayhereforever.你可以永远待在这儿。（可能暗含ifyouwantedto）Theywouldhavesucceeded.
28他们本来是会成功的。（可能暗含iftheyhadkepttrying）3.在不少情况下，虚拟式已经成为习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：Iwouldn’thavedreamedofit.这是我做梦也不会想到的。四、省去主句的非真实条件句非真实条件句如果省去主句，通常表示一种不可能实现的愿望。
29这种条件句常用ifonly来引导。如：IfonlyIhadknownwheretofindyoujustnow.刚才我要是知道去哪儿找你就好了。
301.Ifhehadnotlosthismoney,he___thepianolastweek.A.wouldbuyB.hadboughtC.boughtD.couldhavebought2.Ifweweretobe200yearsold,we___everything.A.willchangeB.canchangeC.couldchangeD.changedPractise
313.Ifyou__thatfilmlastnight,youwouldnotbesosleepynow.A.didn’tseeB.haven’tseenC.wouldn’tseenD.hadn’tseen
324.Youarelate.Ifyou__alittleminutesearlier,you__him.A.came,wouldmeetB.hadcome,wouldhavemetC.came,wouldhavemetD.weretocome,wouldmeet
335.Butforthestorm,we__apleasantjourney.A.shouldhaveB.havehadC.wouldhaveD.shouldhavehad6.___todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI
347.Withoutthecomputer,theproblem__insuchashorttime.A.couldn’tbesolvedB.wouldn’thavesolvedC.couldn’thavebeensolved
358.Withoutelectricity,humanlife__quitedifferenttoday.A.willbeB.weretobeC.wouldbeD.is
369.“Youareveryselfish.It’shightimeyou_______youarenotthemostimportantpersonintheworld,”Edgarsaidtohisbossangrily.A.haverealizedB.realizedC.realizeD.shouldrealize
3710.IwishI____longerthismorning,butIhadtogetupandcometoclass.A.couldhavesleptB.sleptC.mighthavesleptD.haveslept
38根据括号中的提示翻译下列句子。1.如果你接受了我的建议，你现在就好了。（错综时间条件句）2.如果你提前告诉我，我就去机场接他了。（省略if的条件句）Ifyouhadtakenmyadvice,youwouldbeallrightnow.Hadyoutoldmeinadvance,Iwouldhavemethimattheairport.
393．要不是中国共产党，他三十年前就饿死了。（含蓄条件句）4．要是我像你一样知道怎么操作电脑就好了。（省去主句的非真实条件句）ButfortheCommunistPartyofChina,hewouldhavediedofhunger30yearsago.IfonlyIknewhowtooperateacomputerasyoudo.
