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毕业论文（设计）Title:AnAnalysistheOriginofAmericanandBritishSurnamesanditsCulturalConnotations题目:浅析英美姓氏起源及文化内涵学生姓名孙雪云学号BC09110521指导教师董志友讲师年级2009级英本五班专业英语系别外国语言文学系 黑龙江外国语学院本科生毕业论文（设计）任务书姓名学号专业班级毕业论文（设计）题目：毕业论文（设计）的立题依据主要内容及要求进度安排10月20日选题10月20日～10月30日接受指导老师的指导1月6日～1月20日拟定论文大纲1月21日～2月28日搜集、查阅、整理相关资料3月1日～3月20日论文开题3月21日～4月20日初稿审定4月21日～4月30日第一次修改5月1日～5月15日第一次审定5月15日～5月30日第二次修改5月30日～6月5日定稿6月5日～6月15日论文评阅小组评审论文（设计）6月10日毕业论文（设计）答辩学生签字：指导教师签字：年月日 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文摘要姓氏是一种文化现象。英语姓氏体现了英语民族的文化，同时反映了英语名族的社会生活。英语姓氏来源很广，含义也很丰富，本文从以下几点进行了阐述：（1）英美姓氏的构成形式及含义；（2）英美姓氏的来源，主要从以下几个方面进行论述:血液、地名、职业、与个人自身相关、动植物、圣经、昵称绰号；（3）英美姓氏的文化内涵，主要从以下几个方面进行论述：宗教信仰、民族风情、思维方式、历史风貌、社会变迁、身份地位、自然崇拜。通过对以上几个方面的深入探讨，分析了英美姓氏的起源及文化内涵，了解了其中的文化蕴含，有助于我们更深刻的理解西方文化和学习语言，进而提高语言运用能力。关键词：英美姓氏；文化内涵；来源ii 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文AbstractSurnameisaculturalphenomenon.Englishsurnamesreflectthenationalculture,andreflectsthesociallifeofEnglishnationsatthesametime.ThesourceoftheEnglishsurnameisverywide.Itsmeaningisalsoveryrich,thistextisbetterdescribedfromthefollowingpoints:(1)ConstituteformsofAmericanandBritishsurnames;(2)ThesourceoftheBritishandAmericansurname;mainlydiscussedfromthefollowingaspects:theblood,placenames,profession,associatedwithindividualitself,plantsandanimals,thebible,nickname;(3)AmericanandBritishsurnamescultureconnotation,mainlydiscussedfromthefollowingaspects:religiousbeliefs,nationalcustoms,wayofthinking,historicalstyleandfeatures,socialchange,status,naturalworship.Throughin-depthdiscussionoftheaboveaspects,analysestheoriginoftheAmericanandBritishsurnamesandculturalconnotations,andknowaboutitsculture.Helpustodeepunderstandthewesternculture,studylanguageandimprovethelanguageabilities.Keywords:AmericanandBritishsurnames,theculturalconnotation,sourceii 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文Contents摘要iAbstractiiChapter1Introduction1Chapter2ConstituteFormsofAmericanandBritishSurnames3Chapter3TheSourseoftheBritishandAmericanSurnames53.1OccupationalTitles53.2PhysiologicalCharacteristic63.3ThenameoftheAnimalsandPlants63.4Nicknames73.5PlaceNamesandBuildingNames73.6PatronymicSurnames83.7TheColor83.8TheSurnamefromtheMotherName93.9TheBible9Chapter4Culturalconnotation104.1NationalCustoms104.2ReligiousBelief114.3SocialChange124.4Identity134.5WayOfThinking144.6HistoricalFeatures144.7NatureWorship15Chapter5Conclusion16Bibliography19Acknowledgements20ii 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文AnAnalysistheOriginofAmericanandBritishSurnamesanditsCulturalConnotationsChapter1IntroductionNameisasymbol;itisasignofthedifferencebetweeneachotherofpeople.Englishsurnamesisverywide,meaningisalsoveryrich.Itimpliesanethniclanguage,history,geography,religion,andclassstatusinformation.DiscussionaboutEnglishsurnamescultureconnotation,understandtheculturalimplication,helpuslearninglanguageandlearningculture,avoidpragmaticfailureincommunicationandunderthedifferentculturalcontext,improvedthepragmaticcompetence.Britishhaveonlynameandnosurnameinaverylongperiodoftime.ThereasonsoftheformationofEnglishnameisverysimple,istodistinguishbetweentwopeopleofthesamename.SurnameinEuropeappearsonlybacktotheearlyfourteenthCentury,untilsixteenthCenturywaswidelypopular.Chinahasthebookoffamilyname.Infact,notonlyhundredsanditmaybethousandson.Englishsurnameisagreatmany,OxfordUniversityhousepublishedSurnamedictionary(ByPatrickHanksandFlaviaHodgeseditor)includingtheUKandIrelandcommonsurnameuptofifteenthousand.Butmostfamilynamesareletpersonfeelverystrange,notmanypeopleuse,themainsurnameisalsoonlyafewdozen.Li,WangandZhangaremainsurnameofChinaandEnglishthreesurnamesisSmith,Jones,Williams.The11centuryBritisharistocracybegantousetheirhomesaslastname,andagenerationtogeneration.Ordinarypeoplehaveaplentyofchoicetheirownsurnames,orotherpeoplegivetheirnicknameasafamilyname.Becausethenameisimmutable,“name”tobecomethemostimportantpartofthenameafter.ForChristianpeople,usuallyaweekafterachildisbornbytheparentsgotochurchbaptism,atthesametime,asthepriest,parents,relativesandfriendsgivetheirchildrenaname,itiscalled20 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文“baptismalname”“givenname”.Fornoreligiouspeople,theparentsgivethechildanameaccordingtotheirwishes.Theoriginofthenameisassociatedwiththecountry’shistorydevelopment.TounderstandEnglishnameafterhabitsandmethodsofthecountryisanopportunitytolearnEnglishnationalculturebackground,helptoourdailycommunication.Surnameasatitleoffamilysystemwithinheritance,andthefamilymembershaveincommon,canconstituteabranchofculture,thesurnameculture.Surnameisahistoryproductofsocialdevelopment,itsemergenceanddevelopmentisaffectedbyacountryspecificsocialenvironmentandculturalbackground,butalsofromthesidereflecttheculturalinformationofanation’shistory,religion,customs,values,morals,ethics,etc.andconveythenationalpsychology,thinkingmodeandvalueorientation,isthelivingfossilofanationalculture.TheconnotationoftheEnglishnameisspecialrich.UnderstandEnglishsurnames,isagreathelptolearnersofEnglish,improvemyEnglishlevelandChinesecollegestudentsknowaboutBritain’slastname.20 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文Chapter2ThesourceoftheBritishandAmericansurnameThesurnameofEnglishhasbeenexistedinafixedmode.Englishsurnameoriginatedfrommanylanguages;OldEnglish,OldFrench，TheancientNorse，TheIrishlanguage，Gaelic,Celtic,welsh,Gaulish,Germanic,Latin,Hebrewandsoon.TheoriginoftheEnglishsurnamereflectedtheEnglishhistory.Inthehistory,Englishhasbeenafflictingthewarandinvadedbyotherracialcountries;Englandhasawideconnectionwithotherracialcountries.BeforetheNormanConquest,onthepeninsulaofEnglandAnglo-Saxonswasstillinthebackwardtribalsocietystage.Eachfamilytorelyonkinshipformedgroups,theyliveddispersedindifferentvillages,Kinshipconstituteswaslinkbetweentheinternaltribalgroups.Whenpeoplehadnosurnames,thenameofthefamilymembersisanimportantsymbolofmutualrecognition.Duetothebackwardmodeofproduction,transportationocclusion,thenarrowspace,peopleuseonly“name”seemstomeetthecommunicationneedsofinternaltribal,noneedtocreateasetofidentificationsymbolsystemmaketheiroriginalsimplelifestylebecomecomplicated.TheNormanconquestofEngland,theBritishfeudalsystemformationwascompletedandhasbeenstrengthenedanddeveloped,thefeudalsystem’sdevelopmentpromotethedevelopmentofeconomicandsocial.Socialcontactspersonneloncomplex,alotofthesamenametothepeopleinthepolitical,trade,andthestatutes,taxandotheraspectstocreatealotoftroubleandinconvenience.Moreaccurate,convenient,effective,reliableregionaloccasionisbecomingmoreandmorenecessary.NormantheuseofforcetoconquertheBritishbuttheBritish(Anglo-Saxons)defeatedintheirownlanguage(English)therulingclasslanguage(French)andmakingitthenationalunityoflanguage.TheNormansurnameconformedtothehistoricaldevelopment,adaptedtotheneedsofeconomicdevelopment,graduallypopularintheUK.BritishpeoplebegantousesurnameisaftertheNormanconquest,theNormans20 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文conquerednotonlybringalotofEnglishvocabularydevelopment,alsobroughtthesurnamesforBritish，initialthesesurnamestillchangeableandafterfixeddowngradually,becomeasurnamecanbepassedfromgenerationtogeneration.20 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文Chapter3AmericanandBritishsurnamesconstituteformsWeknowthatthesourceofChinesesurnameisverycomplex,butmostofthethemcontactwithlifeand,andthesameofthethemarenameafteranimals,plantsorothernaturalobjects,suchashorses,cattle,dragon,willow,plum,plum,leaf,valley,wheat,river,gold,stone,etc.;Someofthethemusetheprofessionalassurname,suchaswitch,jungle,etc.Englishsurnamesarecomplexanddiverse.IntheLatePeriodofthemiddleAges,populationgrowth,theflowofthepopulationalsoincreases,whichleadstotheunderlyingsocialEnglishnamesinnotenough.Previously,aBritishfarmernamedJohn,TomandJobisok,nowcan’t,nowmorepeoplehavesamename,mustbetoinventanewname.Thefirstwayisbehindthenameadditionalson,saidissomeone’sson,suchasJohnson,Thomsonandjobson.Laterfoundthatthiswayistoomonotonoustoorusticandcameupwithmanyothermethods.Butinaword,thesurnamecomesfromlifeormythsandlegends.Itcanberoughlysevenclasses:useprofession,thephysiologicalcharacteristics,mountains/water/animal/plant,nickname,residence,andChristiandoctrineormyths/legendsassurname.Aminorityofthesurnamesismadeofthetwowords,combinedwiththehyphenandexistedcompoundsurnameinEnglish.Forexample:Lloyd-Jones,Bartlett-Smithandsoon.Thiscompoundsurnamehasbeenexistedcombinedtheparent’sname.Thiscanavoidtorepeat,anditreflectawayofinherit.ThefortuneofEnglisharistocracyprescribesthatitwillbeinheritedbythedescendents.Ifthereisnotthemalesuccessor,thefemaledescendentmustcombinethetwofamily’sname.ThisistheoriginofEnglishcompoundname.3.1Occupationaltitles20 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文Englishsurnamesincludecarpenter,thatcher,hunter,Taylor,Turner,carter,etc,Lastnamecomesfromtheoriginalprofessionalcarpenter,roofing,hunter,tailor,Turner,coachman,etc.Theprofessionalasaname,thatistosaywhatancestorsdooffspringhavethesurname?Therefore,AmericansingerKarenCarpenter’sancestorsmusthavebeenaCarpenter;ThehandsomeboyofthemagicHarryPotterancestorsiscertainlymakePOTS;FormerBritishprimeminister,Mrs.Thatcher’sfamilyhadalsodon’tlikenowsobroadly,turnedouttobeacoverthatchedhouse.Inaddition,aprofessionalasthenamealsohaveBaker,Cook,Smith,day,Fisher,HunterSawyerSheriff,etc.ThisalsowithChina’slastnameaswellas.3.2PhysiologicalcharacteristicSomewordstodescribeindividualgastricbodyandpersonalitytraits,suchas:Longman,Brown,Black,Sharp,Read,Hardy,Daum,etc,Englishsurnames,itsmeaningforthosetall,Brownskin,tannedBlackhairperson,smart,erudite,boldHardy,fingerdeformity.Tobodypartsnameforthesurname,suchastheBack,Cheek,Hand,Brain,Fist,Finger,etc.Englishsurnameistothehumanbodypartsforthenameofthelastname.3.3ThenameoftheanimalsandplantsSomepeopleasworshipandtributeforanimalsorplantsusetheirnameasasurname.HavecommonBird,Fish,theLion,Swan,Wolf,Fox,Apple,Bush,Flower,Rose,Wood,etc.Surnamefromanimals.ThiswaytoproducedmainlybecauseintheMiddleAges,peopleliketousewhattheyadvocatesignofanimaldecoratetheirheads.Suchas20 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文someonelikebravelion,theyusethelion’ssurnameforthesurname.Also,suchas:Bull,Fox,Peacock,Lamb,Bird,Badger,bandicoots,Hart,etc.3.4NicknameInGreek,hypokoristicreferstopetornickname,thenicknameisanameofperson.Nicknamesoundsmorekind,suchasPipisPhillip’snickname,KitisanicknameforChristopher,someEnglishsurnameisbysomeofthenicknames.Nicknameincludingdiminutive,abbreviationandchildhoodname.ItiscalledexpresskindbetweenrelativesandfriendsinEnglishnation,isderivedonthebasisofthegivenname.Nicknames,thiswordcomesfromOldEnglish“anekename”or“alsoName”.Sometimethenicknameisakindlymakesfunof,sometimesisthedisgustexpression.AlotModernsurnameisevolvedfromancientnickname,suchas:thenicknameofdescribethehumanbodycharacteristics:Tubby,Brodhead.Thenicknameofdescribedhereinintelligenceorpersonalitycharacteristics:wise,sharp,angel,ironsides.Thenicknameofuseanimalnametracingpaintinglooksortemperament:Lamb,sheep,described,bull.Nicknameforthesurname,alsouseancestorfeaturesforthesurname,maybealsoothersforhisfathergivenickname.Peoplecouldhavenamenosurnameyet,butifthereareafewpeopleasthesamename,peoplewillbeinaftertheirnameaddtheirrespectivefeaturestodistinguish,overtime,thesefeatureswillbecometheirsurname.SuchasseveralpeopleatthesametimearecalledRock,andoneoftherocksisrelativelyhigh,peoplecallitRockLongfellow.Similarly,chinbeardedmancansurnameBeard,bangbigwaistroundmaynameisBroad,maybeaLittlesmall.Theancestorsofthefirstastronautstolandonthemoonmustbearmgrowverystrong,hencethenameofArmstrong.3.5PlacesnameandBuildingname20 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文ThiswayusedinFrancebefore,the11thcenturyaftertheNormanConquestofEnglandintoEngland.Itshouldbenotedthatmanyofthenoblefamilynameinthismanner.ThislastnameoftenhasDE,Delparticle,meaning.Saxoncorrespondingwayis“a”,suchas:JohnateBrook,EdgarAtwell,andWilliamAtwood.Later,atparticleswereremoved,theappearanceoftheabovenameisnow;JohnBrooks,EdgarWell,WilliamWood.SimilarlastnameisEverest,Ford,Hill,Lake,andField.Residenceoffamilyname,thatistosayancestorslivedinwhatplace,whatlastnametheiroffspring.ManyBritishpeoplesurnamedHill,forexample,theancestorsofthesepeoplesuchasvisiblelivinginthemountain,andtheformerBritishPrimeMinisterWinstonChurchill’sancestorslivedinachurchHill.Somepeople’sancestorslivedintheswamp,sotheywillnameofMarsh,andsomeancestorslivedattheedgeofthestream,sotheywillnameisbrook.Asaresult,morebadisthecurrentUSPresidentGeorgeBush,itmayancestorslivedinthebushes,interactingwithfox,theflowofthehedgehog.Chinaalsohasmanyancestorsliveasfamilyname,oneofthemostfamousisfamousasthewestdoorcelebratebighandsomeboy,andhehadlivedoldSimon.3.6patronymicsurnamesManyEuropeancountrieshaveadoptedthismethod.Thismethodisinthefather’snameandsaidthesonofthemeaningoftheprefixorsuffix.EnglishsuffixsonandSwedessuffixson,ScottishprefixesMac,IrishprefixingMacorMcandQ,NormanaddsFitz,GermanVon,SpanishandItaliansaddDi,DanishandNorwegiansuffix-seen.Suchas:Johnson,McNeill,Macadam,Jense,OBrian,Williams,FitzHerbert.3.7Thecolor20 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文Sometimescoloralsobecomespeople’ssurname.AmanwithredhairismaybetobeknownasTomRed.Butsometimescomedownnamewillchangeforalongtime,TomreadorReadeismaybetobetheoffspringofTom.ThepeoplewholiveinthevillagenearthegrassmighthavebeencalledTomGreen.Therearewhite,black.3.8ThesurnamefromthemothernameEuropehasbeenareligioussocietyforalongtime,thenameofmaleparentspasseddownnaturally.Asasonordaughterwillbecalledbeforetheirmarriage,butaminorityofsurnameisnearlymadeoffemale’sname.Thesefemalemaybethewidowhalfofherlife,ortheindependentdescendant.Sometimes,-sonbecomesthesuffix.Forexample,Eveson,sonofEve,thesurnameofEnglandis—Maddison.3.9ThebibleThenameofthecharactersinthebibleandChristianityarethesaintwhoisalsoanimportantsourceofEnglishsurnameslibrary.SuchasJames,John,andMichael,Ellis,Elliot.Inaddition,Martin,Gregory,LawrenceandVincentthesesaintsnames,isaverycommonlastnamenow.20 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文Chapter4CulturalconnotationEnglishnamescomefromawidevarietyofsources,havingrichandcolorfulculturalimplicationsduetosocialandhistoricalreasons.SomeresearchesindicatethatundesirableEnglishnameshavevariousinfluencesonthebearersandotherpeoplearoundthem.AbetterunderstandingoftherelatedinformationmayhelptopromoteourEnglishstudyandcross2culturecommunicationthusenhancesourcognitiveabilities.InEnglishnames,thesurnameisinheritedbytheirheritage.Itiscertainconstancy,notselectively,butthenameisdifferent.Ifanamenohassomespecialmeaning,butitishavesomeconnectionwithinterestedthingsofothernamedpeople,orforsomespecialBecauseofit.MaryandJohnthistwonamesnotonlyhasaspecialmeaning,andtherearetwoImportantreligiousnamesofthecharactersinChristianity,Soverypopular.Ingeneral,Englishnamecanreflectthefollowinginformation.Englishsurnamesdevelopedundertheinfluenceofthemanyaspectsofthesocietyatthattime.Includingnationalcustom,religiousbelief,socialchange,status,wayofthinking,historic,natureworship,etc.IntheBritishfeudalsociety,theeffectonthedevelopmentofsurnamesisgreat.Wemainlytoillustratetherelationshipfromsevenaspects.4.1nationalcustomsManyEnglishnamesoriginatedfromthesocialdailylives,embodytheuniquelifewaysbetweenEnglishandAmericanationsdirectly.Thepersonalcharacters,interpersonalrelationships,artactivities,ancientinstitutionsandlifeentertainmentbetweenEnglishandAmericanationsareallimprintedontheEnglishnames.Forexample,UncleSam,JohnBulldescribedthepersonalityfeaturesofAmericanand20 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文England.Inaddition,wecanknowtheattitudeofinterpersonalrelationshipfromAmericanandEnglandpeople.FromDamonandPythias,Meton,canshowthelifeentertainmentofEnglishandEnglandpeople.4.2ReligiousbeliefChristianandtheBibleisthefootstoneofthewesterncultureandithasaprofoundinfluenceanditisinevitablepenetrateitintomanyaspectsofthesociety,sodoesthenames.Thefollowingsurnameshavethedirectandindirectconnectionwiththechurch:Pope,Augustine,Grace,Christopher,Jamesandsoon.PeoplecannametheBibleafterit.Suchas:Peter,Moses,Paul,AbramandDavid.Manynamesevolvedtothesurname.DaiNianZhang(1986)saidthat"inthewest,religionasThecenterofcultureinIndia,especiallywesternmedieval."IntheEnglishnationalHistory,religion(especiallyChristianity)hasplayedaveryimportantRole.Religiousideologyisdeeplyrootedintheheartsofthepeople.NotonlytheChristians,evennormalthelifeofthepeopleisinfluenced.Thebibleiscirculatedinwesternsociety,itisthebroadestanddeepestinfluence,thelargestcirculation,mostwidelyreadabook.Sothecharacternamedornameafterfromnatureandreligiousbeliefshavealotofassociated.InEnglish-speakingcountries,Johnisaverypopularman’sname.Butresearchwillfind,JohnisevolvedfromYohananofHebrew(meaning:agiftfromgod);inanglo2SaxondevelopforJohannes;InmodernEnglishAndthentoJohn.Duetothebible,Johnisreligioussaints,itbenamedafterpeoplechoosehotspots.Examples:Joseph,Jacob,Robert,David,Peter,Ham,Ames,Daniel,Jonathan;Mary,Elisha,Mari,etc.Fromthe12thcenturytothe14thcentury,two-thirdsofthenameofmenintheEnglishworldwillfromJohn,Robert,David,WilliamandHenryFivenamestochoose.TheinformationprovidedisNewYorkcityintheUnitedStatesFertilitymanagementcenterinTheNewYorkTimesIn1948,themostpopularnamein1968and1972(atcurrentflowLinelevel),canbeseenfromthetablewiththereligiousnameisveryprevalent(Friedman,1975:8).Inaddition,inthePuritanage(inthe17thand18th20 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文centuries),theenvironmentisbad,lifedifficult,especiallythosepuritanscametoAmericamoreNeedtounited,hardwork,thriftytolive.When,people'schoiceofnamecanreflecttheChristiansworshipwiththemfollowthediscipline.SuchasGive2thanks,Fight2the2Good2Fight,Prudence,Humanity,Faint2Not,etc.Inaddition,therearesomeChristianadvocatepromotingsaidvirtuewordLanguagesuchasHonor,Grace,Charity,etcareChristiansoritsWhenadmirerscalledidealchoice.HasthesupremestatusinChristianityoftheBritainandtheUnitedStates,theythinkthecrimepassedtofuturegenerationsthattheforefathersofhumanAdameatforbiddenfruitwithoutbeingallowedwithEve,hasbecometherootofallevilofthehuman.Inaddition,peoplecannotbeself-rescue,butprayedforsalvationbyJesusChrist.Thesedoctrineshadaprofoundimpactoftheoccidental’smentalityandsenseofworth.Forexample,someEnglishnameliketheoldAdam,itsmeansthenatureofthecrime;notknowsomebodyfromAdammeans“didn’tknowthepeopleabsolutely”;doubtingThomasmeans“thepeoplenoteasilybelieveothers”andsoon,itisthefertileproductoftheChristiandoctrine.AsearlyastheRomeinvasionofBritain,theRomansbroughtChristianitytoBritain,butatthattime,Christianitydoesn’thavetoomuchinfluencetotheBritishbelief.UntiltheyeareleventhCentury,thesituationchanges,peoplebegantofindprotectionfromgod.Theclassics"Bible"ofChristianastheimportantsourceofwesternculture,forthousandsofyearsiswateringthewesterner'sculturallife,inallareasofWesternhasinestimableimpact.OneoftheBritishculturesintheperformanceofthiseffectisthattherearesomanyEnglishnamesderivedfromthe"Bible"inthenameofGodandthesaints.ParentshopetofindaGodinheaven,andinhisnametothechild'snameforGod'sprotection."OldTestament",humanancestorAdamtonameisthemostfamiliartopeople,sopeoplearelikechildrenafterhisname.TheprophetElijahandSt.Davidisthefavoriteforthepeople.After,fromtheirnamegraduallyevolvedintoaname,suchas:Adam-Adam,Adamson,Adkins,Aitlias;Elijah-Ellis,Ellist,Ellison,Elliman;David-Dawe,Dawson,Davy,Davison,Davis,andDay.20 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文4.3SocialchangeAttheendofeleventhcentury,Englandadoptedthepolicyofencouragingtheforeigncraftsmanimmigration;iteffectivelypromotesthehandcraftindustryandtradedevelopment.Anumberofemployeesareincreasedincessantly.Thetraditionaleconomicstructurehaschanged,allkindsofcraftskillspasseddownbythefamilymember,anditwasgraduallychangedintothefamilysurnames.Suchas:George,Miler,Baker,Fisherandsoon.TheEnglishsurnamereflectedtheEnglishsocialchanges.Itwasalsothesymbolofthesocialstatusandpoweratthesametime.Suchas,King,Queen,Emperor,Prince,Duke,Baron,Healandtherelatedhierarchicalinstitution,whichembodiesthenobledescentsandsupremepowerstatus.WhileBoned,Cotter,Coward,Leak,Plant,Plowman,thesesurnamesarerelatedwiththefarmersatthebottomofthesociety.Theseareallembodyingtheworkersatthebottomofthesociety,whohavethedifferentdivisionoflaborandthelowersocialstatus.4.4IdentityFromwhatIhavementionedabove,Americansocialsecurityinvestigatedthestatistics,nearlyhalfoftheAmericancitizenadoptedabout100millionoftheunusualname;theaimistoembodyidentityorsocialbackground,becausetheyarenearlytheimmigrantdescendantsfromthedifferentnationsaroundtheworld.“Accordingtotheinvestigationofblackpeople’smodeofnameinthe1940s-1990sinNewYork’smiddleschoolreflectedthatablackpeopledeviatedfromthetraditionalwhitepeople’sname,sothatthiscanexpressself-awareness.AmajorityofcreativenamesinNorthAmericaareownedbyblackpeople,cannotsharebythewhitepeople.Inaddition,aswellaswehaveknownthatEnglishpeopleismadeupofEngland,Scotland,WelshandIreland.SometimesParentsselectthenameofaparticularnationfortheirchildren.Suchas,themancanbeScotlandwiththesenames:Alas2dair,Angus,Blair,Bruce,Denholm,Finlay,Hamish,Lachlan,Magnus,Murray,Torquilandsoon;Sometypical20 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文ScotlandnameofwomanisAlisa,Beathag,Catriona,Fenella,Ina,Iona,Mairi,Morag,Mor2na,Rhona;themanreflectedtheWelshbackgroundinclude:Aled,Arwyn,Bryn,Ceri,Dafyyd,Dylan,Emrys,Geth2in,Owainandsoon.Thenameoftypicalwomaninclude:Angharad,Arwenna,Bronwen,Eluned,Mair,Nerys,Rhian2nonandsoon.ThenameofIrishmaninclude:Aidan,Colm,Connor,Dermot,Fergal,Niall,Seamusandsoon.4.5WayofthinkingThewaysofthinkingforhumansarethespecificperformanceofnationalcultures.Thestudiesoflinguistsshowthatlanguageisthethinkingtoolofhumans.SomeEnglishnamesaredifferentfromthecommonnames,aremainlybecauseofthechangesoftheirmeanings,andtheoriginalmeaningdisappearedgradually.InEnglish,thefiguresofspeech,takeantonomasiaforexample,changesfrompropernounstothenormalnouns.Solomonmeansawiseman,Danielmeansawiseandfairjudgefromthereligionsormythology.Theformofantonomasiabasedonthepeople’sname,whileinthesense,itsummarizedtheuniquepersonalityfeaturesandbecomethenewwords.Intheessence,thisembodiesthethinkingwaysofthewesternpeople.4.6HistoricalfeaturesSomeEnglishnamesoriginatedfromthehistoricalstories,folklegends,whichreflectedtheparticularhistoricalculturetraditionsofthewesternnations,andpaidmoreattentiontothehistoricalcultureimagesofthewesternnations.Forexample,JohnHancockrefersto“theautographofanyone”,ifyoudon’tknowabouttheAmericahistory,youwillnotknowitsstory.Asamatteroffact,itwasrelatedwiththehistorystories:JohnHancock(1737-1793)advocatedthathewillnotagreewiththeindependenceofEnglishandtakeadventurousofhangtowritehisnameontheDeclarationoftheIndependence.Thisidiomhasbeenusedforalongtimeanditwas20 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文usedtillnow.Forexample,medicaltechnology,needtobeoperatedbythehighqualityandprofessionalteam.Currently,theideologyandpoliticaleducationofcollegestendtothesocialvalues.Whilethepsychologycounselortendtothepersonality,andthepurposeofthePsychologyinterfereistothepeoplewhohavethebarrierturnedtothenormalstate.Therefore,someuniversitystudentsfeelatseaaboutthepoliticalbelief.Inthepolitics,somestudentswillbeinterferedbytheeducator.Becauseofthisreason,thispassagewillputforwardtheinterfereprinciplesofPsychologycounsel;thiswillholdthecautiousattitudeintheideologicalandpoliticaleducationsofcolleges.Whenitisnecessary,itwillbeoperatedbytheauthoritativeandprofessionaleducators.4.7NatureworshipEnglishvocabulariescorrespondedtothenaturalaretheMotherNature,thehomelandmeansMotherland.Itisobviouslythattheyalladmireforthenature.SomeofthesurnamesofEnglishareoriginatedfromtheplacenames,animalsandplants.Itshowsthatpeopleloveandadmireforthenature.Suchas:London,Milton,Wood,Field,Bush,Churchill,Columbia,Ruby,Pool,Irving,Flower,Greenland,Violet,Riceandsoon.20 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文Chapter5ConclusionAfullnameisusedbypeopletorefertoaspecificpersonorsomesymbolswhichcandistinguishoneselffromothers.Asakindofphenomenonpeculiartohumanbeings,itbearsstrongrelationshipwithsocietyandculture.Basedonthefullnameofpeoplesasthebeginningofthearticle,theauthoranalyzestheoriginandstructureofsurnameandnamerespectivelyrevealingtheirculturalconnotationandhistorybackground,whichwillbenefittheresearchandexchangeoftwocultures.Nameisapartofculture,thehistoryofthenamechangetohumancivilization.Itinpromotingthedevelopmentofculture,geographicalculturedevelopmentisalsoinfluencethedevelopmentofthename.Nameofformandcontentaremarkfordistinctera.Inrecentyears,moreandmorenovelanduniquenamesappearinpeople'sfieldofvision,somenolongeraccordingtothespecificmodelname.TheemergenceofthenewnameforEnglishnamecultureinjectnewvitality.Alongwiththeincreasinglyfrequentinternationalexchanges,theChinesepeopleintheprocessofcontactswithothercountriesandregions,andgraduallyrealizethenecessityofEnglishname,andforthosewhointendtostudyabroad,immigration,Englishnameistheirfirststepintothenewenvironment.LearnedEnglishlastnameorigin,development,classification,weknowthatthedevelopmentofEnglishsurnameiscloselyrelatedtotheBritishsocialallaspectsofdevelopment,EnglishsurnamesintheprocessofitsdevelopmentflippingofftheBritishhistoryofthedevelopmentofsociety.OnBritishsurnamesasEnglishlearners,havecertainunderstanding,canfromthewindowlookattheBritishhistoryandculture,atthesametimetoimprovetheirEnglishlearningandcross-culturalcommunicationabilityhastheverybighelp.ThisarticlefromtheEnglishnameoftheorigin,development,structureandcultureHanAngleareanalyzed,suchasEnglishname.AnalysisshowsthatthenameisnotonlyinEnglishakindoflanguagephenomenonandisarichconnotationofculturalphenomenon.ItisnotonlyreflectsthehistoryandtheerafeatureofEnglishlanguage20 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文itself,andconveyTheEnglishnationalpsychology,thinkingmodeandvalueorientation.ToGreatBritainLanguagenameresearchwillhelpustocomprehensivelyandprofoundlyunderstandandgraspTheEnglishlanguageandculturebehindit.Tosumup,Englishnameswithcharacters,symbolthings,suchasemotionalattitudetendency;Englishnamegenerationanddevelopmentinthelongprocessofsocialhistory,influencedbymanyfactors;and,inturn,affectstheaspectsofnaming,deepwitharichculturalconnotation.Itinpeople'ssocialpracticehasadualrole:ontheonehand,itcanaffectpeople'spersonalitydevelopmenttoacertainextent,affectpeople'sfairjudgmenttoothersoryourself,whichaffectspeople'seffectivecommunication.Therefore,weshouldtoBritishandAmericanpeople"totake"subjectivehabittoquit,rationallydealwithpeopletoeachotheraswellastheactualityoftherelationshipbetweenpeopleandthings.Itincross-culturalcommunicationlevel,ontheotherhand,hastheroleofnotesallowtoignoreandsignificance.Firstofall,itisanimportantpageinthehistoryofinterculturalcommunication,isthehumanhistoryofnamingandanintegralpartofthethickaccumulationofculturalhistory.Manbackinculturaldevelopmenthistory,andcultureinhistorybackindevelopment.Itisthis"wave"andthe"spiral"weavingthesplendidcultureofhumanlandscape.Second,itisEnglishcountriesandregionsawindowforpeopletounderstandtheEnglishculture.Nameasoneoftheimportantsymbolsandculturalcreationsubjectidentity,oftenrevealtheirpeopleTheculturalinformationandconcepts.Again,itistheEnglishcultureandEnglishcultureforCommunicationBridge.Peoplethatthrougheachother'sname,natureandwarmthtotheothersideofthekingdom.Stepbystepfinally,itistheharmonybetweenthedifferentculturesofalubricant.Thisisakindoffromthe"in"tothe"harmony",from"understanding"toculturedevelopmentprocessandtrendof"identity".EnglishnameisanimportantpartofEnglishlanguageandculture,asthepeoplewhospeakEnglishasaforeignlanguagetolearn,welearnEnglishnameofthecontextanditsallaspects,towidenthevision,todeepentheunderstandingofEnglishlanguageandculture,promotingEnglishlearningandforeign20 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文exchange,improveourcognitivelevelandjudgmentability,ishelpful20 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文Bibliography[1]Hanks,PatrickandFlaviaHodgesOxfordDidioneryofSumames.Lomdon:OxfordUniversityPress,1988.1-90.[2]Hanks,PatrickandFlaviaHodgesOxfordDidionaryofFirstNames.London:OxfordUniversityPress,1990.1-180.[3]Dunkling,Leslie.TheGuinnessBookofNames.GuinessPublishingled,1998:103-110[4]H.EdwardDeluzain.NamesandPersonality.http://www.Interoz.com.[5]Friedman,Favius.What’sinaName?1975.[6]EncyclopediaBritannica,Names.1997.[7]Dunkling,leslie.Names.EnglishSalon.[8]Tan,PeterK.W.“Englishised”Names?EnglishToday.2001.[9]徐晖.从中西方姓名差异看社会与文化[A].中州学刊,2001(6)[10]庄和诚.英语词源趣谈[M].上海：上海外语教育出版社，1990[11]《英国人的姓名》《世界历史》1978年第1期[12]张德鑫：《中外语言文化漫议》华语教学出版社1996年版[13]牛道生：《英美国家姓名文化内涵和历史渊源初探》[14]纳日碧力戈：《民族姓名的语言制约因素析要》1990年第四期[15]戴卫平.英国人姓名与英国文化[J],四川外国语学院学报2000[16]张荣建.英语名字和命名方式的理据:性别、种族和文化分析[J].天津外国语学院学报，200220 黑龙江外国语学院2013届毕业论文AcknowledgementsFirstandforemostIexpressmythankstomylecturerZhiyouDongforherguidanceandinstructivesuggestion,whichhavebeenincorporatedinthepresentversion.Withoutherconsistentandilluminatinginstruction,thisthesiscouldnothavereacheditspresentform.AndthemostessentialhelpshegavemewassupportandpatientsuggestionsothatIcanfinishthethesiswithouttoomuchworryandanyotherburden.Secondly,IwanttoshowmygratitudetoDoc.Joseph&teacherJingLiduringthefouryears’Englishlearningandtimeofthisthesiswriting,theygavemesomuchhelpandsuggestion.Withouttheirhelp,IamnotthestudentIam.Ifeelequallygratefultoalltheteacherswhohavehelpedmeduringmyfour－yearundergraduatestudy.Thirdly,IwanttoshowmygratitudetoXinruiLufortheirhelponmystudyandliving.Lastbutnotleast,Iwouldliketotakethisopportunitytosaythankstothedeanoftheforeignlanguagedepartmentinmycollegeandallmyfriendsfortheirassistance.20
