鱼道水平回头弯段之冲淤试验

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1、魚道水平迴頭彎段之沖淤試驗TheScourandSedimentationintheU-turnHorizontalSectionoftheFishway國立中興大學水土保持系教授碩士班研究生碩士段錦浩徐淑智蔡銘峰Ching-HaoTuanShu-ChihHsuMing-FongTsai摘要本研究為利於魚類之洄游，發揮通路功能，維護當地生態環境平衡，以達到生態資源之永續利用。魚道中水平迴頭彎段內之淤砂情形是影響魚道是否能暢通的主要原因，因此本研究主要針對魚道水平迴頭彎段，進行兩種不同起始條件之沖刷試驗與淤砂試驗，利用沖刷試驗了解清水流對魚道水平迴頭彎段淤砂之

2、清除能力；利用淤砂試驗，以改變坡度、流量、加砂粒徑及有無設置丁骨構造物等情況下，對魚道水平迴頭彎段淤積情形之影響，並觀察是否會有阻塞魚道之現象。經由試驗資料分析，當加砂粒徑較小(19.05mm混合粒徑級配)時，能將其淤砂情形分為三種淤砂型態，其在各種流量與坡度下，均能達到加砂、收砂平衡，雖有淤砂產生但不至於阻塞魚道；當採用較大加砂粒徑(50.80mm混合粒徑級配)，魚道發生傾斜段淤積或水平迴頭彎段回淤，使魚道阻塞；魚道水平迴頭彎段一旦發生淤砂現象，難以清水流清除淤砂，可搭配設置丁骨構造物並配合人工管理維護定時清淤。關鍵詞：魚道水平迴頭彎段、丁骨構造物、淤砂型

3、態AbstractThisstudyistomakeabetterfishpassageandconservelocalecologicalbalanceforattainingbiologicalresourcessustainableuse.Itisrecognizedthatsedimentationisamainfactorinfluencingafishwaywhetheritisfreelyflowing.Inthisstudy,scourexperimentandsedimentationexperimentareutilizedontheU-

4、turnhorizontalsectionoffishwaytoexaminecauseswhichleadtosedimentationsituation.Throughscourexperiment，thesiltclearancecapacityofclear-waterdischargerevealedonU-turnhorizontalsectionoffishwayisexplored.Forsedimentationexperiment,someelementsareconductedsuchaschangingslope,discharge,

5、sandparticlesizeandsettingT-bonestructure,etc.Addingsandfollowingbyaperiodoftime,weinspecthowsandparticleaffectssedimentationfurtheringtoseewhetherfishwayisblockedaccordingly.Byanalyzingexperimentdata,itistoknowaslongasthesandissmaller(19.05mmmixedparticleunder),thesedimentationcou

6、ldbedividedintothreetypes.Underdifferentdischargesandslopes,allthosethreetypesofsedimentationcouldachieveabalanceofsand1215addedandcollected.Thatmeansalthoughthereissedimentationhoweverthefishwayisnotunlikelytobeblocked.Onthecontrary,whilethereisbiggersand(50.80mmmixedparticleunder

7、)thefishwayisblockedowingtoupstreamsedimentationorsedimentdepositinU-turnhorizontalsection.OncethereissedimentationoccurredattheU-T-turnhorizontalsectionoffishway,itisdifficulttocleanawaybyclear-waterdischarge.Forthereason,settingT-bonestructurealongwithregularmanagementandmaintena

8、ncecoulddecreasesedimentat