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2022年高三二轮复习英语讲练测【讲案】专题02完形填空考点5瞻前顾后揣摩语境【构建知识体系】完型填空考点1词汇复现考点2习惯搭配考点3行文逻辑考点4生活常识和文化背景考点5瞻前顾后揣摩语境【命题解读】考试大纲要求考纲解读在一篇约250词的短文中留出20个空白,要求考生从每题的给的4个选项中选出最佳选项,使补足的短文意思通顺、前后连贯、结构完整。既考查考生的英语基础知识,又考查考生综合运用语言的能力,主要测验学生的语言综合运用能力,包括词语辨析能力、语法结构分析能力、语篇理解能力、逻辑推理能力、文化背景透析能力、作者意图剖析能力和生活常识综合运用能力。该题型分值高(30分,占整个卷面总分的45%)、区分度强,是考生最容易“拉开距离”的一项测试。【剖析全国高考真题】——预测高考命题方向2019-2021年全国高考本专题考查分布明细统计年份试卷类型体裁词数话题考点分布2021年2021·英语全国甲卷记叙文254文章主要讲了Burchill住酒店时,给朋友携带的意大利香肠招来了海鸥,海鸥在逃跑的过程中,造成了一些东西的损坏,Burchill间接给酒店造成了损失。酒店把Burchill列入了黑名单,Burchill被终身禁止入住该酒店。Burchill诚恳地写了道歉信,请求酒店重新考虑自己被终身禁止入住酒店的决定。最终,他的信起作用了。动词9动词短语1名词4介词短语1形容词4副词1夹叙夹议248名词7学科网(北京)股份有限公司
12021·全国高考乙卷文章通过作者做护士期间遇到的一个女病人为例,表达了我们应该对别人的付出表示真诚的感谢,即使他们只是做了自己分内的事。动词9动词短语1副词2形容词12021·全国新高考I卷记叙文220文章主要讲了在一次春假时,我去工厂打工赚钱,感触颇多。父亲认为这种工作不仅能让小孩子感谢得到的报酬,而且能够学会尊重那些从事这项工作的人。动词8动词短语1名词4形容词22020年新课标卷I夹叙夹议文260作者以现实中的门,引申出生活中的“门”,从而探讨了一种教育理念。作者认为家长们不要害怕告诉孩子们真相,这样,孩子们才可以在生活的道路上,不再被各种“进退两难”所困扰,从而抓住机遇,勇往直前。动词4动词短语2名词7形容词3副词2介词短语1新课标卷II记叙文281文章主要讲述了一个名叫Nicolo的人在拍卖会上以低价购得两幅画。动词11名词4形容词3副词2新课标卷III记叙文270作者学到了宝贵的一课,那就是要学会淡化和难缠顾客之间的矛盾,不然当事情发展成不愉快的场面时,结果只会毁了每个人的一天。动词8动词短语1名词4形容词3副词2介词短语22019年新课标卷I夹叙夹议文258乞力马扎罗山因登山者活动而造成的环境污染及努力治理之后环境的改观。动词6动词短语2名词7形容词4副词1新课标卷II记叙文271Ehlers和他的朋友救助了一只丢失的小狗,最终帮它找到了主人动词9动词短语1名词5形容词3副词2新课标卷III记叙文247北欧一个小镇长达半年没有阳光照射,为此在附近的山顶安装了一套镜子设备把阳光反射到小镇的广场。动词8名词5形容词5副词2【高考预测】纵观近几年全国高考试题,预测2022年全国高考试题还会①文章基本控制在4-5段,260个词左右,且趋于稳定。②文体以记叙文、夹叙夹议为主,话题多样,但均贴近生活。对于记叙文,要按照记叙文的6要素理顺所叙事情的脉络,还要重视其背后的情感线索。文章均是正能量十足的好文章。学科网(北京)股份有限公司
2③文章结构大致相同,都是以“总-分”或“总-分-总”结构为主,第一段是主旨段,提出话题,之后的几个段落展开说明或深入议论。每个段落内部也同样基本采取“总-分”或“总-分-总”结构,段落开头点明该段的大意,然后再展开详细阐述,必要时再做一简单总结。考点5瞻前顾后揣摩语境1.【2021·全国新高考I卷】Ithappenedthattheplantdowntownneededeightkidsforplanshelpduringourspringbreak,forwhichIhadno44beyondlisteningtomyfavoriterecords.43.A.generousB.financialC.technicalD.temporary2.【2021·全国新高考I卷】I’d45minimumwage.I’dseehowafactoryworked.45.A.offerB.earnC.setD.suggest3.【2021·全国新高考I卷】Our48inthefactoryweresimple:Placecakesonamovingbelt.Attachicing(糖霜)ears.Applyicingeyesandnose.Removebunnyfromthebelt.48.A.joysB.ideasC.rolesD.choices4.【2021·英语全国甲卷】Ashewas25thatitwouldbetoowarm,helaiditoutonthetablenearanopenwindow.25.A.surprisedB.pleasedC.excitedD.worried5.【2021·英语全国甲卷】Theseagullsimmediatelywentwild.Theyrushedtothewindow,30or40birdsalltryingtogetoutatthesametime,andpepperoni—everywhere.Thecurtainswerefallingdown,thelampswerefallingdown,Itwasareal34.34.A.messB.puzzleC.fightD.challenge6.【2021·全国高考乙卷】Wehadawomanpatientwhowas44fromakneereplacementoperation.Oneafternoon,whileattemptingtogetintobedshecollapsed(倒下)fromwhatwaseventuallydiscoveredtobeaheartattack.44.A.departingB.escapingC.retiringD.recovering7.【2021·全国高考乙卷】Thecollapsewasdisastrous,requiringtheemergencymedicalteamandgoodteamwork.Butsherecovered,though48,andwasreadyfordischarge(出院)afterfourweeks.48.A.slightlyB.accidentallyC.slowlyD.happily8.【2021·全国高考乙卷】Onherdayofdischarge,wesharedinherdelightatherrecovery.Asshewas51shewaseagertosaygoodbyetoeachofusinthenursingteam.51.A.operatingB.thinkingC.hesitatingD.leaving9.【2020·山东省高考英语试卷(新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】Whenhewas16,Molaibegantonoticesomething23happeningaroundhishome.Afloodhadhittheareaearlierthatyearandthe24itcausedhaddrivenawayanumberofbirds.Beside,thenumberofsnakeshaddeclinedaswell.23.A.preciousB.interestingC.disturbingD.awkward24.A.wasteB.tensionC.painD.damage10.【2020·海南省高考英语试卷(新高考全国II卷)】Pullinguptothebuilding,Grantsawflames(火焰)shootingoutofasecond-floorwindow.Notseeingorhearinganyfireengines43Grantrushedtoaside44andranupthestairs.43.A.burningB.leavingC.approachingD.waiting44.A.entranceB.roadC.buildingD.window学科网(北京)股份有限公司
311.【2020·海南省高考英语试卷(新高考全国II卷)】Onthesecondfloor,hekickedeveryapartmentdoor."Getout!"Grantshouted,Noone46andheassumedthatpeoplehadalready47.46.A.agreedB.caredC.respondedD.understood47.A.arrivedB.returnedC.hiddenD.escaped12.【2020·山东省高考英语试卷(新高考全国Ⅰ卷)】Molai35toplanttreesforthenext37years.Hiseffortshaveresultedin1,360acresofnaturally-grownlandthathasbecomehometomanyplantsandanimals.35.A.returnedB.learnedC.failedD.continued13.【2020·浙江省卷】OnemorningIspottedalostlambwhenIwasinthetopfield,nearwhereamotorwaycutsthroughmyland.Thelambhadbecomeseparatedfromitsmother,soIjumpedoutofthetractorto___38___itwhileDonstayedinhisscat.38.A.askaboutB.playwithC.tendtoD.runinto14.【2020·全国新课标I】Sinceourtwinsbeganlearningtowalk,mywifeandIhavekepttellingthemthatourslidingglassdoorisjustawindow.The41isobvious.Ifweadmititisadoor,they’llwanttogooutsideconstantly.Itwilldriveuscrazy.41.A.reliefB.targetC.reasonD.case15.【2020·全国新课标II】Asheoftendid,hestoppedbythe“afterworkauction(拍卖)”runbytheItalianpolicewherethingsfoundonthetrainsweresoldtothehighestbidder.There,amongmanyotherthings,Nicolospottedtwopaintingshethoughtwouldlookniceabovehisdiningroomtable.Nicoloandanotherbidder46untilNicolofinallywonthepaintingsfor$32.46.A.battledB.debatedC.discussedD.bargain16.【2020·全国新课标III】Assbusinesswoman,Icaredeeplyaboutmycustomers.Butlikeanyoneforwhomyoufeelaffection,41canalsodriveyoumad.41.A.shopkeepersB.customersC.salespersonsD.receptionists17.【2020·全国新课标III】They’llcomerushingin,sayingtheirhandbag’sbeenstolen.They’ll43thattheyleftitinthechangingroom,createhavoe(混乱)andthen44ithadbeenintheircarallthetime.43.A.agreeB.promiseC.imagineD.swear44.A.forgetB.decideC.discoverD.assume18.【2020·全国新课标III】Ifacustomerisrudeordifficult,justthink"Maybeshe’shadarowwithherhusband.Maybeherchild’snotwell.”Alwayswateritdownanddon’tletyourego(自我)getintheway.Ifyoudo,youwon’beableto59itandthewholethingdevelopsintoanunpleasantsceneandthat60everyone’sday.59.A.stressB.expectC.handleD.blame60.A.ruinsB.makesC.startsD.saves【精讲研法】——课堂讲解突破核心考点 考点5瞻前顾后揣摩语境【做题实践中找规律】1.【八省市(湖北省,广东省等)2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次联考】Somefolksspenddecadeslooking学科网(北京)股份有限公司
4fortheirbestfriends.Iwas41enoughtofindmineinGrade7atmyseniorschool–eight42girls.41.A.cautiousB.astonishedC.luckyD.clever42.A.matureB.teenageC.fashionableD.strange2.【河北省保定市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末】Ane-mailrequestaskingforadishrecipecameintoEkibenrestaurantlateonaThursdayafternoon.Amansentthee-mail21hismother-in-law,whowasnowinthefinalstageoflungcanceratherhome.Hewashopingtogettherecipetomakeitforherthere.21.A.inresponsetoB.onbehalfofC.withregardtoD.inviewof3.【湖南省岳阳市2022届高三上学期教学质量监测(一)(一模)】ItwastheSpringof2016,and17-year-oldBeatricedeLavalettewaswaitingforaflightwhenshegothitbytheterroristbombingatBrusselsairport.DeLavalettelostbothlegsbelowtheknee.Yetshesaysshewouldn’tbethepersonsheistodayifweren’tforthose22.ShecompetedaspartoftheU.S.Para-EquestrainteamattheParalympicGamesinTokyo.22.A.eventsB.highlightsC.mistakesD.campaigns4.【湖北省武汉市武昌区2021-2022学年高三上学期1月质量检测】Myinterviewswithallthosefamouspeoplearesignificanttome,butanotherpersonalinterviewmeantevenmore.Iregrettednotlearningmoreaboutthechildhoodofmyparentsandtheirsiblings(兄弟姐妹),soafewyearsago,I22myonlylivinguncle,80-year-oldUncleJoe.22.A.calledB.emailedC.visitedD.interviewed5.【广东省普通高中2021-2022学年高三上学期12月联合质量测评】ItwasJenniferWilliams’smotherwhogotherinterestedinbooks.Alibrarian,she21toherthreechildreneveryday.WhenWilliams,now54,becameanelementaryschoolteacherinDanville,Virginia,shewantedherstudentstofallinlovewithreadingjustasshehad.Butearlyon,sherealizedthatsomekidshadlimitedaccesstobooks.21.A.showedB.readC.liedD.responded规律方法:完形填空技巧之瞻前顾后揣摩语境利用语境选词旨在考查考生在语境中熟练运用所学语言的实践技能。完形填空的每一个空白的设置并不是随心所欲的,命题人主要通过上下文暗示出某种信息来保证答案的正确性和唯一性,因此考生应该通过上下文的暗示获取解题信息,因此做完形填空题时一定要“瞻前顾后,前引后联”,充分利用文章所有可能提供的信息解题。在做题时考生还可以利用褒贬性语境及一些语言结构来判定正确答案。任何完形填空文章的语境都具有一定的褒贬性,它反映了作者或主人公特定的情绪状态,并支撑着文意的发展,因此利用褒贬性语境的情感性可以巧妙进行完形填空信息推断。所以考生要在读懂原文、掌握大意的基础上,选语气与文章一致的选项。通过“顾后信息”解题众所周知,完形填空的命题不是“天马行空”,更不是“独来独往”,所以正确领会和下文情节的发展发生这样或那样的关系,这就成为寻找正确项的根据。因此,考生需要“顾及”空后的相关信息,从而做出正确的选择。学科网(北京)股份有限公司
5[典例]JoeSimpsonandSimonYateswerethefirstpeopletoclimbtheWestFaceoftheSiulaGrandeintheAndesmountains.Theyreachedthetop__21__,butontheirwaybackconditionswerevery__22__(difficult).Joefellandbrokehisleg.TheybothknewthatifSimon__23__(continued)alone,hewouldprobablygetback__24__(safely).21.A.hurriedlyB.carefullyC.successfullyD.early[剖析]从空后信息寻找解题根据是完形填空题中最常用的解题方法之一。该题空前谈到他们登山,特别是空后谈到他们返回,只有他们成功地到达山顶才有返回的可能。另外考生需要注意,利用空后信息解题通常指偏靠前面的题目。[答案]C通过“瞻前信息”解题这种情况多出现在文章展开之后,这时前文已经含有丰富的语境信息,设空和前文有逻辑或语境的联系,这样空前的信息就成为解题的根据。解题时一定要善于捕捉这些重要的信息,以达到解题的目的。[典例][2016·全国Ⅰ]Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrived,Larryandtheotherman__56__(backedoff)andletthemgotowork.Then,Larryaskedthe__57__ifhewasneededor__58__(free)togo.Theylethimandtheothermango.57.A.womanB.policeC.manD.driver[剖析]在完形填空的解题中,运用空前信息解题是最常用的解题方法之一。从上文“Oncefireandemergencypeoplearrived”可知警察赶到现场。[答案]B【变式精讲】【例1】【河北省保定市2021-2022学年高三上学期期末】SteveChu,therestaurant’sowner,readthee-mailandquickly24withanalternativesuggestion.24.A.repliedB.declinedC.commentedD.declared【例2】【八省市(湖北省,广东省等)2021-2022学年高三上学期第一次联考】Asweprogressedtohighschool,acoupleofgirls43andacoupleofnewoneswormedtheirwayin.43.A.droppedoutB.droppedinC.showedupD.showedoff【例3】【广东省普通高中2021-2022学年高三上学期12月联合质量测评】ToWilliams,thesolutionwassimple:Givekidsbooks.In2017,aspartofaciviceventcalledEngageDan-ville,shedonated900usedchildren’sbooksoverthreedays.Mostpeoplewouldbe26withthat.“Iwaslike,‘Anybodycoulddothat,’”shesaid.“Iwantedtodosomethingthat’sgoingtostretchmyfaith,myworkethic,myeverything.”26.A.satisfiedB.strictC.familiarD.honest【例4】【福建省“永安一中、德化一中”两校2020-2021学年高中毕业班联考】Nightfell.Falterreturnedhome,teary-eyedand21.The33-year-oldprofessionalphotographerhadjustrunfromoneendofHawail’sWaimeaBay,totheother,lookingforhis“baby”,acustom-madebluesurfboard.学科网(北京)股份有限公司
621.A.puzzledB.exhaustedC.refreshedD.scared【例5】【广东省肇庆市2021-2022学年高三上学期第二次模拟】It’sthetextbookbeginningofanightmare:lostonahikingtrack,withnowater,andaninjureddogtooheavytocarry.21,forthefamilyofthreethisstoryhappenedto,they22akind-heartedboy.21.A.OriginallyB.ObviouslyC.ActuallyD.Fortunately22.A.crashedintoB.ranintoC.consultedwithD.spokewith学科网(北京)股份有限公司