protection against hazards（david w.mock）

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1、SECTIONTHREEPROTECTIONAGAINSTHAZARDSDavidW.Mock*Gee&JensonWestPalmBeach,FloridaAhazardposesthethreatthatanunwantedevent,possiblyacatastrophe,mayoccur.Riskistheprobabilitythattheeventwilloccur.Inasmuchasallbuildingsaresubjecttohazardssuchashurricanes,earthquakes,

2、flood,fire,andlightningstrikes,bothduringandafterconstruction,buildingdesignersandcontractorshavetheresponsibilityofestimatingtherisksofthesehazardsandthemagnitudesoftheconsequencesshouldtheeventsberealized.3.1RISKMANAGEMENTAftertheriskofahazardhasbeenassessed,the

3、buildingdesignersandcontractors,guidedbybuilding-code,designstandards,zoning-code,andhealth-agencyspeci-ficationsandexercisingtheirbestjudgment,shoulddecideonanacceptablelevelfortherisk.Withthisdone,theyshouldthenselectacost-effectivewayofavoidingthehazard,ifposs

4、ible,orprotectingagainstitsoastoreducetheriskofthehazard’soccurringtowithintheacceptablelevel.Studiesofbuildingfailuresprovideinformationthatbuildingdesignersshouldusetopreventsimilarcatastrophes.Manyofthelessonslearnedfromfailureshaveledtoestablishmentofsafetyr

5、ulesinbuildingcodes.Theserules,however,gen-erallyareminimumrequirementsandapplytoordinarystructures.Buildingde-signers,therefore,shouldusejudgmentinapplyingcoderequirementsandshouldadoptmorestringentdesigncriteriawhereconditionsdictate.Suchconditionsareespeciall

6、ylikelytoexistforbuildingsinextremeclimatesorinareasexposedtonaturalhazards,suchashighwinds,earthquakes,floods,landslides,andlightning.Strictercriteriashouldalsobeusedforbuildingsthatare*RevisedandupdatedfromSec.3,‘‘ProtectionAgainstHazards’’bythelateFrederickS.M

7、erritt,ConsultingEngineer.3.13.2SECTIONTHREEtallandnarrow,arelowbutverylarge,haveirregularorunusualshapes,househazardousmaterialorcriticalfunctions,orareofnovelconstruction.Furthermore,buildingcodesmaynotcontainprovisionsforsomehazardsagainstwhichbuildingdesigne

8、rsneverthelessshouldprovideprotection.Examplesofsuchhazardsarevandalism,trespass,andburglary.Inaddition,designersshouldanticipateconditionsthatmayexistinbuildingsinem