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1、20ThecaseformanualanalysisAlthoughnetworkanalysisisapplicabletoalmosteverytypeoforganizationasshownbytheexamplesinChapter23,mostoftheplanningfunctionsdescribedinthisbookhavebeenconfinedtothoserelatedtoengineeringconstruc-tionprojects.Theactivitiesdescribedcoverthefullspectrumofoperatio
2、nsfromtheinitialdesignstage,throughdetailingofdrawingsandmanu-facture,uptoandincludingconstruction.Inotherwords,fromconceptiontohandover.Inthisageofspecializationthereisatrendtocreatespecialistgroupstodotheworkpreviouslycarriedoutbythemembersofmoreconventionaldisciplines.Oneexampleiste
3、achingwhereteachingmethods,previouslydevizedandper-fectedbypractisingteachers,arenowdevelopedbyanewgroupofpeoplecallededucationalists.Anotherexampleofspecializationisplanning.Inthedaysofbarcharts,planningwascarriedoutbyengineersorproductionstaffusingwell-knowntechniquestorecordtheiride
4、asonpaperandtransmitthemtoothermembersoftheteam.Nowadays,however,thespecialistplannerorschedulerhascometothefore,leavingtheengineertimetogetonwithhisengineering.ThecaseformanualanalysisTheplannerPlanninginitsownrightdoesnotexist.Itisalwaysassociatedwithanotheractivityoroperation,i.e.de
5、signplanning,constructionplanning,productionplanning,etc.Itislogical,therefore,thatadesignplannershouldbeorshouldhavebeenadesigner,aconstructionplannershouldbefamiliarwithconstructionmethodsandtechniques,andaproductionplannershouldbeknowledgeableintheprocessandmanufacturingoperationsof
6、production–whetheritbesteelwork,motorscarsormagazines.Aslongasthespecialistplannerhasgraduatedfromoneoftheacceptedengineeringdisciplinesandisfamiliarwiththeproblemsofaparticularproject,arealisticnetworkwillprobablybeproduced.Bycallinginspecialiststoadvisehiminthefieldswithwhichheisnotc
7、ompletelyconversant,hecanensurethatthenetworkwillbereceivedwithconfidencebyalltheinterestedparties.Therealproblemariseswhentheplannerhasnottherightbackground,i.e.whenhehasnotspentaperiodonadrawingboardorhasnotexperiencedthehold-upsandfrustrationsofaconstructionsite.Strangelyenough,th
