construction building envelope and interior finishes databook（3-2）

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1、ConstructionBuildingEnvelopeandInteriorFinishesDatabookSidneyM.LevyMcGraw-HillNewYorkSanFranciscoWashington,D.C.AucklandBogotáCaracasLisbonLondonMadridMexicoCityMilanMontrealNewDelhiSanJuanSingaporeSydneyTokyoToronto288Section44.11.0PermissibleDeviationsfromTruePlane—Bows,Croo

2、ks,Cup(BypermissionfromWesternWoodProductsAssociation,Portland,Oregon.)WoodandLumberProducts289290Section44.12.0CommercialNamesofthePrincipalSoftwoodSpecies4.13.0FastenersforLumberGonearethedayswhenacarpenterboughttheirhardwaresuppliesattheneighborhoodhardwarestore.Theywouldre

3、achintoafifty-poundwoodenkegandwithcallousedhandsgrabhandfulsofthevariousnailsizestheyneeded,puttheminthescoopprovidedbythestoreownersotheycouldbeplacedonascaleandweighed.Thosedaysaregoneforever.Powerdrivennailsandstaplesandscrewgunshavemadeseriousin-roadsintheapplicationofthe“

4、standard”nailasweknowit.Andthestandard24woodframingstudhascertainlychangedover1theyears;itisnolonger2-inchesthickand4-incheswide.Today’s“24”measuresonly12inchesinthicknesssothoseold16dcommonnailswhichwere312inchesinlengthandregularlyusedtoholdadoubleplateordouble24stogether

5、nowprotrudeoutofthedoubledstudby12inchwhendrivenhome.Advancesinframingtechnologyresultedinthedevelopmentofthepneumaticallypow-eredtoolsusing“collated”nailsratherthan“bulk”nails.Andthesepower“nailers”alsousestaplesmanufacturedbywirethathasbeendrawntosizeandgluedtogethertoformas

6、taplestrip.Bothpowertoolsoffersignificantlaborsavings,whileprovidingconsistentperformance.NailsandstapleshavebeenthetargetofconsiderableengineeringstudiesbytheNationalEvalu-ationService(NER)andtheInternationalStaple,NailandToolAssociation(ISNTA).Thefollowingcharts,tables,anddia

7、gramsfurtherelevatethestatusoftheordinarynailandstaple,andprovideef-fectiveguidelinesforpractitionersofthecarpentrytrade.WoodandLumberProducts2914.13.1NailingScheduleforFramingLumber1CONNECTIONNAILING1.Joisttosillorgirder,toenail3-8d2.Bridgingtojoist,toenaileachend2-8d3.16(

8、25mm152mm)subfloororlesstoeachjoist,facenail2-8d4.Widerthan1