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1、StrataJumpstartSep19,2011,NYStrataSummitSep20-21,2011,NYStrataConferenceSep22-23,2011,NYUseyourdata–orloseRegisterNowSave20%withcodeEBOOKDataAnalysiswithOpenSourceToolsDataAnalysiswithOpenSourceToolsPhilippK.JanertBeijing•Cambridge•Farnham•Köln•Sebastopol•TokyoDataAn
2、alysiswithOpenSourceToolsbyPhilippK.JanertCopyrightc2011PhilippK.Janert.Allrightsreserved.PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.PublishedbyO’ReillyMedia,Inc.1005GravensteinHighwayNorth,Sebastopol,CA95472.O’Reillybooksmaybepurchasedforeducational,business,orsalespromotio
3、naluse.Onlineeditionsarealsoavailableformosttitles(http://my.safaribooksonline.com).Formoreinformation,contactourcorporate/institutionalsalesdepartment:(800)998-9938orcorporate@oreilly.com.Editor:MikeLoukidesIndexer:FredBrownProductionEditor:SumitaMukherjiCoverDesign
4、er:KarenMontgomeryCopyeditor:MattDarnellInteriorDesigner:EdieFreedmanandRonBilodeauProductionServices:MPSLimited,aMacmillanCompany,andNewgenNorthAmerica,Inc.Illustrator:PhilippK.JanertPrintingHistory:November2010:FirstEdition.TheO’ReillylogoisaregisteredtrademarkofO’
5、ReillyMedia,Inc.DataAnalysiswithOpenSourceTools,theimageofacommonkite,andrelatedtradedressaretrademarksofO’ReillyMedia,Inc.Manyofthedesignationsusedbymanufacturersandsellerstodistinguishtheirproductsareclaimedastrademarks.Wherethosedesignationsappearinthisbook,andO’R
6、eillyMedia,Inc.wasawareofatrademarkclaim,thedesignationshavebeenprintedincapsorinitialcaps.Whileeveryprecautionhasbeentakeninthepreparationofthisbook,thepublisherandauthorassumenoresponsibilityforerrorsoromissions,orfordamagesresultingfromtheuseoftheinformationcontai
7、nedherein.ISBN:978-0-596-80235-6[M][2011-05-27]Furiousactivityisnosubstituteforunderstanding.—H.H.WilliamsCONTENTSPREFACExiii1INTRODUCTION1DataAnalysis1What’sinThisBook2What’swiththeWorkshops?3What’swiththeMath?4WhatYou’llNeed5What’sMissing6PARTIGraphics:LookingatDat
8、a2ASINGLEVARIABLE:SHAPEANDDISTRIBUTION11DotandJitterPlots12HistogramsandKernelDensityEstimates14TheCumulativeDistributionFunction23