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篇一：
Structureandthemes
LeRougeetleNoirissetinthelatteryearsoftheBourbonRestoration(1814–30)andthedaysofthe1830JulyRevolutionthatestablishedtheKingdomoftheFrench(1830–48).JulienSorel’sworldlyambitionsaremotivatedbytheemotiona
2、ltensions,betweenhisidealisticRepublicanism(especiallynostalgicallegiancetoNapoleon),andtherealisticpoliticsofcounter-revolutionaryconspiracy,byJesuit-supportedlegitimists,notablytheMarquisdelaMole,whomJulienserves,forpersonalgain.Presumingaknowledgeablereader,thenovelistStendhalon
3、lyalludestothehistoricalbackgroundofLeRougeetleNoir—yetdidsub-titleitChroniquede1830(“Chronicleof1830”).Moreover,thereaderwishinganexposéofthesamehistoricalbackgroundmightwishtoreadLucienLeuwen(1834),oneofStendhal’sun-finishednovels,posthumouslypublishedin1894.
Stendhalrepeatedly
4、questionsthepossibility,andthedesirability,of“sincerity”,becausemostofthecharacters,especiallyJulienSorel,areacutelyawareofhavingtoplayaroletogainsocialapproval.Inthat19th-centurycontext,theword“hypocrisy”denotedtheaffectationofhighreligioussentiment;inTheRedandtheBlackitconnotesth
5、econtradictionbetweenthinkingandfeeling.
InMensongeromantiqueetvéritéromanesque,1961,(Deceit,DesireandtheNovel)philosopherandcriticRenéGirardidentifiesinLeRougeetleNoirthetriangularstructurehedenominatesas“mimeticdesire”,whichrevealshowaperson’sdesireforanotherisalwaysmediatedbya
6、thirdparty,onedesiresapersononlywhenheorsheisdesiredbysomeoneelse.Girard’spropositionaccountsfortheperversityoftheMathilde–Julienrelationship,especiallywhenhebeginscourtingthewidowMmedeFervaquestopiqueMathilde’sjealousy,butalsoforJulien’sfascinationwithandmembershipofthehighsociety
7、hesimultaneouslydesiresanddespises.Tohelpachievealiteraryeffect,Stendhalwrotesomeoftheepigraphs—literary,poetic,historicquotations—thatheattributedtoothers.
篇二：
Readtheredandblack"isatimetoolongprocess,becausetimealreadygavewritersandworksmostselflessandimpartialjudge,Ilikereadin
8、gattitudetobestsellersince
