klein (ed) energy conversion and particle acceleration in the solar corona (lnp 612, springer, 2003)外语英文电子书

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1、IntroductionKarl-LudwigKleinSolarflaresandcoronalmassejections(CMEs)areprominentsignaturesoftheexplosivereleaseofenergystoredinthecoronalmagneticfield.Atsomepointduringtheevolutionofamagneticfieldconfigurationthestoredenergyiscon-vertedintoheat,kineticenergyofbulkflows(ejecta)andenergeticp

2、articlepopulations.Observationswithincreasingsensitivityandtemporalresolutionhaveshownthatthecoronavariesonabroadrangeoftimeandlengthscales.Itisnowthoughtthattheapparentlysteadilyheatedcoronaitselfmayoweitsexistencetosimilarexplosivephenomenaofinteractionsbetweenplasmasandmagneticfield

3、s.Themannerinwhichmagneticallystoredenergyisconvertedtootherforms,andprominentlytoenergeticparticlepopulations,isclearlyofcentralimportanceforcoronalphysics.TheobservationalcoverageoftheSunimprovedtremendouslyduringthelastdecade.TheSoHO,TRACEandYohkohsatelliteshavebeenprovidingimaging

4、andspectroscopicdatawhichfurtheredourcurrentunderstandingthatmagneticreconnectionisakeyprocessofenergyreleaseinthesolaratmosphere.Energeticparticlediagnosticsfromgamma-raystoradiowaveshaveshowntheubiquityofnonthermalparticlepopulationsinthecorona,whileinsitumeasurementsofsolarenergeti

5、cparticlesnotablywithUlysses,WINDandACEdemonstratedthevarietyofthesepopulationsandprovidednewelementsfortheirunderstand-ing.Theroleofradioobservationsinthisfieldistwofold:radioemissionsareanextremelysensitivetracerofnonthermalelectronsandthereforeofenergyreleaseprocesses,andthebroadran

6、geoffrequenciescoveredbycontemporaryinstrumentsprobestheseelectronsfromthelowcoronatointerplanetaryspace.Radioobservationsarethereforecrucialtomaketheconnectionbetweenthedynamicalplasmastructuresinthecoronaandinsitumeasurementsofsolarenergeticparticles.Giventhewealthofnewobservations,

7、andthesignificantprogressintheunderstandingofmagneticreconnectionincollisionlessplasmasfromnumeri-calstudiesandfrommeasurementsintheEarth’smagnetosphere,itappearedtimely,atthebeginningoftheRHESSImission(RamatyHighEnergySpec-troscopicImager),tocriticallyassessthestateoftheart,includingi

8、nputf