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1、Chapter14SemanticsandtheD.GeoffreyHallAcquisitionofProperNamesASwedishcourtfinedtheparentsofayoungboytheequivalentof$925fornotgivinghimafirstname,atwhichpointtheynamedhim"Brfxxcxxmnpcccclllmmnprxvclmnckssqlbb1116"(pronounced"Albin"),whichthecourthasruledtobeunacceptable.A
2、rticleintheGeorgiaStraight,Vancouver,BC,December26,1996Havingapropername(e.g.,"Tom,""Dick,"or"Harry")isafunda-mentalpropertyofbeinghuman,sobasicthatithasbeencalledauni-versalrightinanumberofinternationaldeclarationsandcovenants.Forexample,Article7-1ofConventionoftheRights
3、oftheChild,adoptedbytheGeneralAssemblyoftheUnitedNationsin1989,statesthat"[t]hechildshallberegisteredimmediatelyafterbirthandshallhavetherightfrombirthtoaname"(Valentine,Brennen,andBredart1996).Astheepigraphtothischapterreveals,countriesmayevenimposerestrictionsonwhatcoun
4、tsasanacceptablepropername,indicatingtheseriousnesswithwhichhumanstreattheactofnamingpeople.Accordingtoethnographers,allhumansocietiesconferpropernamesupontheirmembers(Alford1987),andlinguistshavenotedthatpropernamescropupinalltheworld'slanguages(Hockett1966).Nonetheless,
5、therearemanystrikingcrossculturaldifferencesinpracticesassociatedwithnamingpeople.Forexample,societiesdifferintermsofwhetherpeoplereceiveoneormorefirstnamesinadditiontooneormoresur-names;whethernamesarebestowedatbirthorafteraperiodofweeks,Thischapterwaswrittenwiththesuppo
6、rtofaNaturalSciencesandEngineeringResearchCouncilofCanadaoperatinggrant.IthankPaulBloom,SusanGraham,andRayJackendofffortheirveryhelpfulcommentsonpreviousversions.Iamimmenselygrateful"toJohnMacnamaraforallthathetaughtmeduringthe10yearsthatIhadthegreatfortunetohavehimasatea
7、cherandfriend.338Hallmonths,orevenyears;whetherpropernamesaredrawnfromalargeanddiversesetofpossibilitiesorasmallstockofconventionaloptions;whethernamesgivennearbirthareusedthroughoutlifeorchangedatimportantpoints(e.g.,puberty);andwhetherpropernamesareusedfreelyinpublicdis
8、courseorkeptprivate(Alford1987).Inaddition,theuniversalityofpropernamesforhumansdoesnotmeanthatp
