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1、-.10January1998,ISmall-ScaleGasification-BasedBiomassPowerGenerationEricD.LarsonCenterforEnergyandEnvironmentalStudiesPrincetonUniversityPrinceton,NewJersey,USAPreparedfortheBiomassWorkshopChangchun,JilinProvince,China12-13January1998IntroductionGasifyingbiomasstoproduceac
2、ombustiblegasprovidesthepossibilityformuchmoreefficientoverallconversionofagivenbiomassresourceintoelectricpowerthanispossiblewithtraditionalcombustion-basedtechnologies.Inparticular,gasifiedbiomasscanbeusedtopowerinternalcombustionengines(ICEs),gasturbines,andfuelcells,al
3、lofwhichareabletoproduceelectricityatconsiderablyhigherefficiencythanboiler/steam-turbinesystemsofcomparablesize.Inaddition,ICEs,gasturbines,orfuelcellscoupledwithbiomassgasifiershavethepotentialforconsiderablylowercapitalinvestmentrequirementsthancomparably-sizedboiler/st
4、eamturbinesystems.Inthesizerangebelow5MWe,spark-ignitionorcompression-ignitionenginesarethetechnologiesofchoicetodayforgasification-basedpowergenerationfrombiomass(Fig.I).Fuelcellsandmicro-gasturbinescoupledwithbiomassgasifierswillofferconsiderablyhigherefficienciesatsmall
5、scalescomparedtointernalcombustionengines[Williams,1998],butsuchadvancedtechnologiesarestillunderdevelopment.Thispaperpresentsanoverviewoftechnologyandeconomicsofbiomass-gasifier/internalcombustionenginetechnology,withsomediscussionofapplicationsinthecontextofJilinProvince
6、.HistoricalPerspectiveonBiomass-Gasifier/InternalCombustionEngine(BiG/ICE)SystemsGasifiedwood-charcoalwaswidelyusedasacivilianfuelinEuropeduringtheSecondWorldWar[Anonymous,1979],runningseveralhundredthousandvehiclesandpoweringindustrialmachinery(NationalResearchCouncil,198
7、3].ThedevelopmentofinexpensivepetroleumsuppliesafterthewarledtoessentiallytotalabandonmentofBiG/ICEtechnologyuntilthefirstoilpriceshockofthe1970s.Crashattemptswerethenmadeworldwidetoresurrectand:.installBiG/ICEsystemsforstationarypowersupply,especiallyinremoteareasofdevelo
8、pingcountries[FoleyandBarnard,1982].Mostsucheffortsfailed,however,primarilybecauselignoce