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1、JournalofInternalMedicine2000;248:447±454INTERNALMEDICINEINTHE21STCENTURYMolecularepidemiologyP.BOFFETTAFromtheUnitofEnvironmentalCancerEpidemiology,InternationalAgencyforResearchonCancer,Lyon,FranceAbstract.BoffettaP(UnitofEnvironmentalCancerproblemsofdesignandanalysisas`traditional'Epidemiolo
2、gy,InternationalAgencyforResearchonepidemiologicalstudies.IfbiomarkersoffernewCancer,Lyon,France).Molecularepidemiologyopportunitiestoovercomesomeofthelimitations(InternalMedicineinthe21stCentury).JInternofepidemiology,theiraddedvalueovertraditionalMed2000;248:447±454.approachesshouldbesystemat
3、icallyassessed.Bio-markersshouldbevalidatedthoughtransitionalTheuseofbiomarkersinepidemiologyisnotnew,butstudies;considerationtosourcesofbiasandrecentdevelopmentsinmolecularbiologyandconfoundinginmolecularepidemiologystudiesgeneticshaveincreasedtheopportunitiesfortheirshouldbenolessstringenttha
4、nintraditionalstudies.use.However,epidemiologicalstudiesbasedonbiomarkers,whichbelongtothedisciplinedefinedKeywords:bias,biomarkers,confounding,molecu-as`molecularepidemiology'aresubjecttothesamelarepidemiology,statisticalpower.oftheneedtovalidateandapplythemtocarefullyIntroductiondefinedpopula
5、tions.ThedefinitionofmolecularepidemiologyappliestoaDespitetheambiguitiesinthedefinitionofdisciplineoverlappingwithbothpublichealthandmolecularepidemiology[1],thedefinitionhasbeenexperimentalscience.Thereisnouniversallysuccessfulandisnowwidelyusedinnamesofaccepteddefinitionofwhichtypeofresearch
6、fitsdepartments,universitycoursesandprogrammes,intothediscipline,andemphasisisgiventodifferentscientificmeetingsandprofessionalsocieties.Severalaspectsthatdependtoalargeextentonthetextbookshavealsobeenpublished[2,3].backgroundoftheinvestigatorsinvolved.So,forTheuseofbiologicallybasedapproachest
7、oanepidemiologist,molecularepidemiologymightmeasurevariablesofinterestinepidemiologicalincludeanyepidemiologicalstudyinvolvingtheusestudiesisnotnew.Twoareasinwhichstudieshaveofanybiologicallybasedmeasurement(includingbeenconducted
