[springer]formal theories of information from shannon to semantic information theory and general concepts of information 2009外语英文电子书

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1、GiovanniSommaruga(Ed.)FormalTheoriesofInformationFromShannontoSemanticInformationTheoryandGeneralConceptsofInformation13VolumeEditorGiovanniSommarugaUniversityofFribourgCH-1700Fribourg,SwitzerlandE-mail:giovanni.sommaruga@unifr.chLibraryofCongressControlNumber:AppliedforCRSubjectCl

2、assification(1998):E.4,H.1.1,F.4LNCSSublibrary:SL1–TheoreticalComputerScienceandGeneralIssuesISSN0302-9743ISBN-103-642-00658-2SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYorkISBN-13978-3-642-00658-6SpringerBerlinHeidelbergNewYorkThisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpart

3、ofthematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,re-useofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.DuplicationofthispublicationorpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSepte

4、mber9,1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.ViolationsareliabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw.springer.com©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2009PrintedinGermanyTypesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices

5、,Chennai,IndiaPrintedonacid-freepaperSPIN:1260002106/3180543210PrefaceItiscommonlyassumedthatcomputersprocessinformation.Butwhatisinfor-mation?Inatechnical,important,butneverthelessrathernarrowsense,Shan-non’sinformationtheorygivesafirstanswertothisquestion.Thistheoryfocusesonmeasur

6、ingtheinformationcontentofamessage.Essentiallythismeasureisthereductionoftheuncertaintyobtainedbyreceivingamessage.Theuncer-taintyofasituationofignoranceinturnismeasuredbyentropy.Thistheoryhashadanimmenseimpactonthetechnologyofinformationstorage,datacom-pression,informationtransmis

7、sionandcodingandstillisaveryactivedomainofresearch.Shannon’stheoryhasalsoattractedmuchinterestinamorephilosophiclookatinformation,althoughitwasreadilyremarkedthatitisonlya“syntactic”theoryofinformationandneglects“semantic”issues.Severalattemptshavebeenmadeinphilosophytogiveinformat

8、iontheoryasemanticflavor,bu