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1、...34•••THEGREATSYNTHESISINCHUHSINOONEhasexercisedgreaterinfluenceonChinesethoughtthanChuHsi(ChuYüan-hui,1130-1200),exceptConfucius,Mencius,LaoTzu,andChuangTzu.HegaveConfucianismnewmeaningandforcenturiesdominatednotonlyChinesethoughtbutthethoughtofKo
2、reaandJapanaswell.Ourphilosopherearlydistinguishedhimselfasapatriot-scholar,hav-ingrepeatedlypetitionedtheemperortopracticetheConfucianprin-ciplesof"theinvestigationofthings"and"theextensionofknowledge,"toimpeachinefficientofficials,andnottomakepeace
3、withtheinvadingenemy.Buthepreferredalifeofpeaceandpoverty.From1163to1178,hedeclinedofficialpositionsanddevotedhistimetoscholarship.Eventuallyhespentnineyearsinpublicservice,andgaveanexcellentaccountofhimselfinpromotingeducationandagriculture.Herevive
4、dtheintellectualcenterattheWhiteDeerGrottoinpresentKiangsiProvince,andhislecturesthereattractedallprominentscholarsofthetime.Buthisphilosophicalviewsweretooradicalfortherulerstoac-cept.Hewasrepeatedlydismissedfromoffice.In1196,histeachingswereprohibi
5、ted,andsomeoneevendemandedhisexecution.Hecon-tinuedtowriteafterhisdismissalfromgovernmentservice,andinsodoingmadetremendouscontributions.11ChuHsiwasanativeofFukien.Forseveralyearshestudiedunderhisfatherwhowasheadofvariousdepartmentsbuteventuallyleftt
6、hecapitalbecauseheopposedacceptinghumiliatingpeacetermsfromthenortherninvaders.In1154-57,ChuHsiwasadistrictkeeperofrecords.Buthepreferredquietstudy.From1158hestudiedunderLiT'ung(LiYen-p'ing,1088-1163)whocontinuedthetraditionoftheNeo-ConfucianismofCh'
7、engHaoandCh'engI.Mostofhislife,ChuHsiwasoffandonaguardianofsometemple,utilizingthepeaceandquiettostudy,write,andtalkwiththemostprominentscholarsoftheday.Hisofficiallife,otherthantheguardianship,wasintermittentandturbulent,forhestronglyopposedconcludi
8、ngpeaceandrepeatedlymemorializedthethronetocriticizeofficialsandpolicies.Timeandagainhedeclinedofficialpositions.In1179hewasappointedaprefect.In1182hewasdemotedtoaminorpostbecauseheincurredtheangeroftheemperorbyattackingtheincompetencyofofficialsonal
