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1、RationalityandtheProblemsofAdministrativeTheoryRICHARDHARTWIG*Mr.HartwigisaninstructorinthePoliticalScienceDepartmentofIowaStateUniversity.‘Ibelievethatthehistoryofphilosophicalethicscanbeviewedasanexplorationofinsolubleproblems,someofwhich,byrephrasing,havebeentransformedintoanswera
2、blequestions.’(WayneLeys,EthicsandAdministrativeDiscretion.)Theconditionofpublicadministrationhasbeendiagnosedasserious,butasyetthereisnocure.Ourinabilitytointegratethemanypartialtheoriesofadministrativebehaviourisonesymptonofthe‘crisis’,andtheambiguityofkeyconceptssuchas‘organizatio
3、naleffectiveness’and‘administrativeresponsibility’isanother.Publicadministrationtheoryhastraditionallyattemptedtoexplainandevaluatethebehaviourofcompleteorganizations.Theproblemisthatthecompositebehaviourofcompleteorganizationsinvolvesmultipletypesofrationality.Conceptsusedintheconte
4、xtsofmultipletypesofrationalityarenecessarilyambiguous,andtheoriesignoringthefullrangeoftypesofrationalityarenecessarilypartial.Mycentralthesisisthatthefivetypes(andtwoaspectshevels)ofrationalitydescribedbythepoliticalphilosopher,PaulDiesing,maybeusedasacomprehensiveframeworkofidealt
5、ypesaroundwhichtoorganizeadministrativetheory.AccordingtoWaldo,theconditionofpublicadministrationisconfusionastothenature,boundaries,methodologyandsubjectmatterofthe‘field’,‘discipline’,or‘profession’,andanycurewillhavetocomefromoutsidethetraditionalframeofreferenceofpublicadministra
6、tiontheory(Waldo,1968).Thewriteracceptswithoutfurtherargumenttheexistenceofanidentitycrisisandwhatmightbecalledaparadigmcrisisofthefield-matterswhichhavebeenextensivelydiscussedelsewhere(seeDahl,1947;Waldo,1964,1968,and1975;Marini,1971;Self,1973;Ostrom,1973;andMouzelis,1967).’Theprob
7、lemsexist.Thequestionis:‘Whatistobedone?’*IwouldliketothankEdPortis,JohnDorsey,CharlesHartwig,GaryWamsley,FredericThayerandtheeditorsofPublicAdminisfrutionfortheirhelpfulcommentsonearlierdraftsofthispaper.I59PUBLICADMINISTRATIONTHEPROBLEMOFMULTIPLEPARADIGMSTostartatthebeginning,apara
8、digmcrisisis
