the economist - guide to economic indicators making sense of economics

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1、01EconIndicators200610/24/065:14PMPagevContentsListoftablesviiiListofchartsx1Interpretingeconomicindicators12Essentialmechanics123Measuringeconomicactivity28Omissions30Output,expenditureandincome32Prices38Puttingitincontext39Reliability404Growth:trendsandcycles41NominalGDP43GDPperhead45Rea

2、lGDP46GDP:output49GDP:expenditure50Productivity51Cyclicalorleadingindicators545Population,employmentandunemployment58Population59Labourorworkforce61Employment64Unemploymentandvacancies666Fiscalindicators71Publicexpenditure72Governmentrevenues76Budgetbalance,deficit,surplus79Nationaldebt;gov

3、ernmentorpublicdebt837Consumers85Personalincome,disposableincome86Consumerandpersonalexpenditure,privateconsumption88Personalandhouseholdsavings;savingsratio92Consumerconfidence948Investmentandsavings96FixedinvestmentandGDFCF98v01EconIndicators200610/24/065:14PMPageviInvestmentintentions102

4、Stocks(inventories)103Nationalsavings,savingsratio1059Industryandcommerce108Businessconditions;indicesandsurveys110Industrialandmanufacturingproduction112Capacityuseandutilisation115Manufacturingorders117Motorvehicles119Constructionordersandoutput120Housingstarts,completionsandsales122Whol

5、esalesalesorturnover,ordersandstocks124Retailsalesorturnover,ordersandstocks12510Thebalanceofpayments127Accountingconventions127Importsofgoodsandservices131Exportsofgoodsandservices136Tradebalance,merchandisetradebalance138Current-accountbalance141Capital-andfinancial-accountflows144Internat

6、ionalinvestmentposition(IIP)144Officialreserves145Externaldebt,netforeignassets14611Exchangerates148Nominalexchangerates150Specialdrawingrights(SDRs)154EMU,ecu,ERMandeuro157Effectiveexchangerates160Realexchangerates;competitiveness162Termsoftrade16512Moneyandfinancialmarkets167Moneysupply,m

7、oneystock,M0...M5,liquidity168Banklending,advances,credit,consumercredit173Centralbankpolicyrates174Interestrates;short-termandmoney-marketrates176Bondyields179Yieldcurves,gapsandratios181Realinterestratesandyields184Sharepricesandyields185vi01EconIndicators20