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1、PossibilitiesandLimitationsofModelingTrustandReputationAndreasGutscher1,JessicaHeesen2,andOliverSiemoneit21InstituteofCommunicationNetworksandComputerEngineering,Universit¨atStuttgart,Germany,andreas.gutscher@ikr.uni-stuttgart.de2InstituteforPhilosophy,Univ
2、ersit¨atStuttgart,Germany,{jessica.heesen,oliver.siemoneit}@philo.uni-stuttgart.deAbstract.Weallhighlydependandrelyonthetrustworthinessofin-formationandservicesprovidedbyvariouspartiesandinstitutions.Rep-utationsystemsareonepossibilitytosupportindividualsin
3、distinguish-ingtrustworthypartnersfrommaliciousandunreliableparties.Inthispaper,wediscusspossibilitiesandlimitationsofdifferenttypesofreputa-tionsystemsandtheirunderlyingtrustmodels.Weaddressinespeciallythepropertiesoftrustrelations,thequantificationandrepres
4、entationoftrustvaluesaswellasreasoningandcomputationwithtrust.1IntroductionModernsocietiesarecharacterizedbyahighlevelofdifferentiationandcom-plexity.Weallneedandhighlydependoninformation,servicesandapplicationsprovidedbyvariouspartiesandinstitutions.Unfortu
5、nately,itisseldompossi-bletoverifyonourownwhethertheinformationreceivediscorrect,whetheraserviceisreliableorwhetherapplicationswillbeusefulandrunstable.Instead,weoftenhavetorelyontheexperiencesandexpertiseofothers.Areputationsystemisanapproachtosystematical
6、lyevaluateopinionsofon-linecommunitymembersonvariousissues(e.g.,products,servicesandevents)andtheiropinionsonthetrustworthinessofothercommunitymembers.Theuseofreputationsystemshasbeenproposedforvariousapplications,forexampletovalidatethetrustworthinessofsel
7、lersandbuyersinonlineauctions(e.g.,ineBay),todetectfree-ridersinpeer-to-peernetworksandtoensuretheauthen-ticityofsignaturekeysinaweboftrust(e.g.,inPrettyGoodPrivacy(PGP)/GNUPrivacyGuard(GnuPG)).However,byrelyingonrecommendationsfromotherswetakeacertainrisk.
8、Althoughsomeoftherecommendationsmightbevaluabletous,othersmightbemisleadingandharmfulbecausesomerecommendersmighthavemaliciousintentionsornottherequiredcompetence.Thus,wehavetofindoutandtodecidecarefull
