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1、ExpertSystemswithApplicationsExpertSystemswithApplications31(2006)849–858www.elsevier.com/locate/eswaEnhancingpeer-to-peercollaborationusingtrustNathanGriffithsDepartmentofComputerScience,UniversityofWarwick,CoventryCV47AL,UKAbstractDistributedsystemsgenerallyrequiretheircom
2、ponentpartstointeractcooperatively,inorderforthesystemasawholetofunctioneffectively.Foranygivenactivity,therearetypicallyseveralalternativecomponentsthathavetherequiredcapabilities.Indecentralisedsystems,wherethereisnooverarchingcontrol,individualcomponentsareresponsiblefor
3、selectingothercomponentswithwhichtocooperate.However,thecandidatecomponentsmaybeunreliableordishonest,andaretypicallylocallycontrolled.Suchdecentralisedsystemscanbeviewedasmulti-agentsystems,comprisingautonomousagentsthatmustcooperateforthesystemtobeeffective.Peer-to-peer(P
4、2P)systemsareasubclassofdecentraliseddistributedsystems,inwhichnotonlyistherenooverarchingcontrol,butneitheristhereanyhierarchyofcontrol,power,orresponsiblyamongthesystemcomponents.Selectingappropriatepeerstocooperatewithisachallengingproblem,sincethecandidatepeersareauton
5、omousandmaybeunreliableordishonest.Peersneedamechanismfortaskdelegationthattakestheuncertainlyofinteractionsintoaccount.Inthispaperwepresentamechanism,calledMDT-R,thatenablespeerstodelegateactivitiesappropriately,usingtrustandtherecommendationsofotherpeerstomeetindividualp
6、references,suchasminimis-ingriskandmaximisingquality.Ó2006ElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.Keywords:Agents;Trust;Reputation;Cooperation;Peer-to-peer1.Introductionmore,theyhavetheirownindividualpreferencesregardingthenatureofcooperationforanactivity,inpar-Complexdistributedsys
7、temssuchascooperativedesignticularwithrespecttobalancingthecost,quality,timeli-processes,supplychains,andgridcomputingcanbenessetc.ofaninteraction.Usingtheirknowledgeofviewedasmulti-agentsystems.Eachcomponentisconsid-others’capabilitiesagentscan,accordingtotheirprefer-ered
8、tobeanautonomousagent,andforthesystemtoences,delegatetheactivitiesthatmustbeperformedinfu
