internal migration in developed countries

《internal migration in developed countries》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在工程资料-天天文库。

1、Chapter12INTERNALMIGRATIONINDEVELOPEDCOUNTRIESMICHAELJ.GREENWOOD*UniversityofColoradoContents1.Introduction6482.Whatismigration?6503.Selectedfactsaboutinternalmigrationindevelopedcountries6513.1.Cross-nationalcomparisonsofmigrationpropensities6513.2.Age/educationandmigration6553.3.Trendsinmigration

2、6564.Thedeterminantsofmigration6584.1.Theimportanceofplacecharacteristics:earlycontributions6594.2.Gravityandmodified-gravitymodels6634.3.Distance6664.4.Theoreticalperspectivesonmigration6684.5.Employmentstatusandmigration6814.6.Personalcharacteristicsandlife-cycleforcesinthedecisiontomigrate6885.C

3、onclusions707References712·1IamindebtedtoRobertJ.LaLonde,whodidanunusuallycarefuljobofreadingandcommentinguponthemanuscript,asdidGaryHunt,PhilipGraves,PeterMueser,andDonaldWaldman.Eachmadeanumberofhelpfulsuggestions.Theireffortandeyefordetailshelpedmeenormously.Iamgratefultoeachofthem.HandbookofPop

4、ulationandFamilyEconomics.EditedbyM.R.Rosenzweigand0.Stark(ElsevierScienceB.V.,19976471.IntroductionResidentialmobilityandmigrationarepervasivefactsoflifeinmostdevelopedcoun-tries.LongandBoertlein(1976)estimatethatasof1970theaverageAmericanmadealmost13residentialmovesoverthelifecourse.Averagereside

5、ntsofBritainandJa-panwereestimatedtohavemade,respectively,eightandsevensuchmoves.TheUSBureauoftheCensus(1991)reportsthatbetweenMarch,1989,andMarch,1990,17.9%oftheUSpopulationoneyearoldandoverchangedhousesand6.6%migratedinthesensethattheyalsochangedtheircountyofresidence.Inmostadvancedsocie-tiesinte

6、rregionalmigrationisamajormechanismthroughwhichlaborresourcesareredistributedgeographicallyinresponsetochangingeconomicanddemographicforces.Asmigrationhasbecomerelativelycommonplace,ithasgivenrisetonumerouspolicyconcernsinbothdevelopedanddevelopingcountries.Theseconcernshaverunthegamutfromtoomuchre

7、gionalin-migration(andhowtocontrolit)totoolittle(andhowtoencourageit)andfromtoolittleregionalout-migration(andhowtostimulateit)totoomuch(andhowtodampenit).Notsurprisingly,asthesepolicyconcernshavebeenraised