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1、CHAPTERTHREEHealthandEconomicGrowthDavidN.WeilBrownUniversityandNBER,USAAbstractThischapterexaminestherelationshipbetweenhealthandeconomicgrowth.Acrosscountries,incomepercapitaishighlycorrelatedwithhealth,asmeasuredbylifeexpectancyoranumberofotherindicat
2、ors.Withincountries,thereisalsoacorrelationbetweenpeople’shealthandincome.Finally,overtime,thehistoricalevolutionofcross-countryhealthdifferenceshaslargelyparalleledtheevolutionofincomedifferences,withtheexceptionthatinthelasthalfcenturytheconvergenceofhea
3、lthhasbeenmuchfasterthantheconvergenceofincome.Howarehealthandincomerelated?Theoretically,thereisgoodreasontobelievethatcausalityrunsinbothdirections.Healthierindividualsaremoreproductive,learnmoreinschool,and,becausetheylivelonger,faceenhancedincentives
4、toaccumulatehumancapital.Similarly,higherincomeforindividualsorcountriesimproveshealthinavarietyofways,rangingfrombetternutritiontoconstructionofpublichealthinfrastructure.Empir-ically,thereisevidenceforbothofthesecausalchannelsbeingoperative,butthemagni
5、tudeoftheeffectsislimited,atleastastheyapplytocross-sectionaldifferencesamongcountriesorindividuals.Apparently,otherfactorsthatsimultaneouslyraiseincomeandimprovehealthoutcomes,suchasinstitutionalquality(forcountries)andhumancapital(forindividuals),areresp
6、onsibleforagooddealoftheobservedhealth–incomecorrelation.Thefinalsectionofthechapterdiscussesmeasuresofaggregatewelfarethatcombineconsumptionandlifeexpectancy.KeywordsEconomicGrowth,Health,Mortality,Productivity,DiseaseJELClassificationCodesI10,J17,N30,O11
7、,O403.1.INTRODUCTIONThelargestpartofthisliterature,andthepartonwhichIfocusmostextensively,examinestheeffectofhealthoneconomicgrowth.Doesmakingapopulationhealthiermakeitricher?Overwhattimehorizonandthroughwhichchannels?Whatisthemagnitudeofhealthsimpactoni
8、ncome,andhowmuchofincomevariationamongcountriesisexplainedbyvariationinhealth?ThesecondtopiconwhichIfocusiscausalityrunningintheotherdirection,fromincometohealth.Humanityhasexperiencedgreatimprovementsinhealthoverthelasttw
