现代机械设计方法课程设计

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1、No目录绪论·······························································3一.有限元方法和优化方法的选择······································4二.外伸梁梁受力分析················································42.1工程问题·······················································42.2解析法求解·····························

2、························42.3有限元计算说明·················································62.4结果分析·······················································182.4.1有限元结果····················································182.4.2分析方法结果··················································182.4.3结果

3、比较与结22No论················································18三.黄金分割法·······················································193.1黄金分割法简介··················································193.2黄金分割法计算框图··············································193.3问题与结果······························

4、························19附录·································································20参考文献·····························································2222No绪论ANSYS软件是一个功能强大而灵活的设计分析软件包。该软件可运行于从PC机，NT工作站，UNIX工作站直至巨型机的各类计算机及操作系统中，数据文件在其他所有的产品系列和工作平台上兼容。ANSYN在PC机上生成的模型同样可运行在巨型

5、机上，这样就保证了所有的ANSYS用户的多领域，多变工程的问题。有限元法是依赖于计算机软硬件技术的一种数字模拟技术。由于这种方法的有效性，其理论与应用发展非常迅速。有限元法的应用已从固体力学发展到流体力学、热力学、电磁学、声学、光学、生物学等多项耦合场问题。有限单元法在某种程度上可以取代实验，从而加快了设计或者研究问题的进度，大大提高了其安全性、可靠性和经济性，为工业技术的进步起到了巨大的推动作用，常用有限元分析软件有ANSYS等。有限元法原理是将连续的求解域离散为一组单元的组合体，用在每个单元内假设的近似函数来分片的表示求解域上待求的未知场函数，近似函数通常

6、由未知场函数及其导数在单元各节点的数值插值函数来表达。从而使一个连续的无限自由度问题变成离散的有限自由度问题。有限元分析计算的基本思想：物体离散化，单元特性分析，选择位移模式，分析单元的力学性质，计算等效节点力，单元组集，求解未知节点位移。用有限元分析计算所获得的结果只是近似的。如果划分单元数目非常多而又合理，则所获得的结果就与实际情况相符合。有限元分析法的应用使设计水平发生了质的飞跃，在机械工程领域主要表现在以下几个方面：1.增加设计功能，缩短设计和分析的循环周期，减少设计成本，增加产品和工程的可靠性；2.采用优化设计，降低材料的消耗或成本；3.在产品制造或

7、工程施工前预先发现潜在的问题，模拟各种试验方案，减少试验时间和经费，；4.进行机械事故分析，查找事故原因。这次课程设计使用有限元法对外伸梁进行分析，与解析法做对比；用黄金分割法解决最优解问题。22No一.有限元方法和优化方法的选择①有限元问题：外伸梁利用ANSYS软件进行分析。②优化问题：利用黄金分割法解决最优解问题。二.外伸梁受力分析2.1工程问题有一外伸梁结构如下图所示，外伸梁上均布载荷的集度为q=3KN/m，集中力偶M=3KN/m，对该梁进行分析，画出弯矩图和剪力图（高等教育出版社刘鸿文编材料力学I第121页例4.4）已知参数：材料特性：弹性模量E=2.

8、07Gpa边界条件：此问题的边界条件为